The life of a person is full of events, sometimes not quite pleasant, and even sad. Some accept them as proper, others are difficult to cope with the blows of fate. Then doctors talk about adaptation disorder.

What is this ailment?

Associated with an overly strong response of a person on negative events occurring in life are called adaptation disorder. This is an independent disease that is not an exacerbation of other mental health violations. It manifests itself from three months to six months from the time of the stressful situation. Usually, the violation takes itself after the cessation of the impact on the person of negative circumstances. It is less commonly a total adaptation disorder that requires a more attentive relationship, since it is dangerous with complications and deterioration of psychosomatic states.

Symptoms of the problem

What does adaptation disorder manifest? The symptoms of the ailment are as follows:

  • Depressive mood. It arises reasonably as a consequence of adverse events. It is manifested by the state of depression, the inability to concentrate on work or study, fragility of thoughts, everyday classes become difficult.
  • Sense of anxiety. After experienced stress or severe grief in man, anxiety appears, fear of repeating a stressful situation, uncertainty in tomorrow. Improved self-esteem and insecurity is formed.
  • Adaptation disorder is manifested by physical disorders, such as: headache, insomnia, chest pain, disorder of digestion, difficulty breathing, tachycardia, nausea, change of appetite in a large or smaller side.
  • Violation of behavior. Inadequate actions are observed, unacceptable for a person earlier: vandalism, hooliganism, by car or motorcycle, school studies or work. Basically, such violent behavior is characteristic of adolescents in a state of disruption of adaptation, but also adults are no exception. The social adaptation disorder is the most dangerous manifestation of the ailment, as not only threatens relations with society, but also leads to serious consequences, up to criminal liability or accident.
  • The desire for loneliness. A person tries to reduce the number of contacts with the environment, closes in itself.
  • Increased irritability.

Cooked disease - adaptation disorder. Symptoms can be connected together, and in some cases a poor manifests itself only one or two signs.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of "Adaptation Disorder" The doctor puts, relying on the standard criteria for determining mental disorders:

  • The presence of symptoms corresponding to this disease. In case of violation of adaptation, they occur under the influence of strong stress, immediately or within three months after the event.
  • The experience of grief is accompanied by excessively strong emotions, unbearable suffering. Exaggerated, the reaction to the incident is inadequate and tightened in time.
  • The impossibility of professional or educational activities in view of an unhealthy mental state.

Causes of occurrence

Adaptation disorder can be the result of many events, personal experiences. Here are the main of them:

  • The death of a loved one.
  • Divorce.
  • Material losses.
  • Problems at work, dismissal.
  • Family troubles, personal conflicts.
  • Health problems, the presence of a serious illness.
  • Other negative changes in the usual lifestyle.

The reasons presented can lead to adaptation disorder. Negative emotions are affected by a long time on mental health, which ultimately leads to a violation, before this can pass several months after the event that has happened.

Risk factors

Some people are more susceptible to disruption of adaptation than others. What is it connected with? The factors and conditions are distinguished by being in which people are harder to cope with stress:

  • Genetic predisposition. People react differently to life situations depending on heredity and temperament type.
  • Difficult living conditions, natural or social.
  • (War, Natural Cataclysms).
  • Social status.
  • Psychological injuries received in childhood.
  • Personal qualities, the ability to adapt to changes in life.

There are situations where there are no tragedies in life, no one dies and does not get sick, but a person is still exposed to disorder adaptation. This occurs under the influence of significant changes, disorders of everyday life, such as a call to the army, dismissal, in children - admission to the garden and school.

The difficulties of adaptation in the army

Once in the army, many guys are not ready psychologically to life in constant stress. Dettle of home, the inability to see close people, a new environment, a male team, heavy living conditions and physical overloads, strict mode - such a sharp change provokes negative emotions with absolutely in all conscripts, but some turn out to be more prone to mental disorders. From here, incidents arise in the army - guys run away, shoot in peaceful people, perform suicide attempts.

Soldier adaptation disorder is a dangerous phenomenon. Close people are far away, and man most often does not get any help. Adaptation disorder in the army is a reason for commissioning. The main thing is that it is noticed in time, without bringing to trouble. After all, usually a person in such a situation keeps his experiences in himself, until the voltage reaches his peak when he begins to behave inadequately.

Unemployed

Loss of work due to the reduction of the state or other reasons that do not depend on the employee is always stress that can immediately cause mental violation. Long-term stay in the status of unemployed also provokes an adaptation disorder due to constant problems and accumulated negative emotions. Unemployment creates the soil for adaptation disorders due to such associated problems:

  • Permanent financial problems.
  • Feeling of self-indifference and inability to change.
  • In families unemployed, conflicts are frequent, the risk of divorce increases, possibly ill-treatment of children and improper education.
  • Under the unemployment conditions, the crime level increases, especially for young people who are trying to find the opportunity to earn illegal paths.
  • Housing problems.
  • The problem of learning children.

The unemployed adaptation disorders are most often observed in the weak employment plan of the population. These are people of pension and pre-pre-age, young mothers with young children, people without vocational education. Causes depression, depression, with a long continuation of such a situation leads to mental diseases, alcoholism, addiction, commissioning of criminal action, suicide.

Children of preschool age

Social adaptation - adaptability to the surrounding conditions, adequate interaction with society. Children's disorders appear when they begin to go to the garden or school. Initially, the child is moving only his own needs and desires. He cannot motivate himself on any activity independently, for this he needs help adults. To become socially adapted, he has to learn to interact with the surrounding people, to reckon with the desires of others, adapt to new environmental conditions that cannot be changed.

If the parents give a child in advance the knowledge of the rules and borders of their behavior in society, it is easier for him to adapt to new conditions and a large circle of communication, since he has tolerate knowledge. First, kids learn to interact with the world around the kindergarten. Parents who refuse to give their children to the garden, make a big mistake. In school, such a child will have to be very hard.

Children of younger school age

Bad or insufficient preparing a child of younger to life in society leads to a violation of adaptation. This affects its performance not only upon admission to the first class, but can also postpone the imprint and its further life. Violation of adaptation is manifested by poor behavior, disobedience, refusal to the generally accepted rules of behavior in favor of personal desires. Or, on the contrary, the child closes in himself, does not communicate with peers, it is not interested in social life, prefers to be alone.

Risk factors that increase the possibility that children's adaptation disorder will arise:

  • In the family where the child grows, abuse alcohol.
  • Parents conflict among themselves.
  • There is no motivation for learning in a child.
  • Child, his upbringing is given little time in the family.
  • Development lag.
  • Application to the child of physical punishment.
  • Low cultural and social family level.

In the presence of such factors in a child affecting his adaptation, the school pediatrician must take action to help in a difficult situation.

Hard age - teenagers

Adaptation disorder can occur at an older age, in high school students. The reason for this is usually the problems in studies or personal conflicts with peers. The situation exacerbates transitional changes in the body and psyche, which teenagers are usually hardly endured. Adult problems are already there, such as relations with the opposite sex, first love, not always mutual. The adaptation violation in adolescents is most dangerous, as it is usually a violent behavior, refusal to the generally accepted rules. Children walk school, go out of the house, are engaged in hooliganism. Often, such a state leads them to the use of alcohol or drugs.

Treatment of disorder

If the symptoms are not burned over time, but only increases, the treatment of disorder is simply necessary to organize urgently to avoid deplorable results. In some cases, visit the psychotherapist becomes a mandatory measure, especially with a protracted course of the disease or when trying to suicide. With such manifestations, it is possible to use inpatient psychiatric treatment. The work of specialists gives a good result, and with proper treatment, the patient comes back to normal in 2-3 months.

Medicinal preparations facilitate human condition, if there are no serious manifestations of life and health. The doctor may appoint antidepressants. Apply them yourself without appointing a specialist is strictly prohibited, and in the pharmacy they are released only by recipe, as these are serious preparations of strong action. From and fear will help to get rid of tranquilizers, such as "Afobazol". They facilitate symptoms, restore life tone without causing addiction.

Help and support for loved ones - an integral part of rehabilitation.

Consequences of the disease

Adaptation disorder, the treatment of which is not conducted, is dangerous by its serious consequences. These are depressive states having a chronic character, addiction to alcohol or drugs. The state of alcohol and narcotic intoxication increases even more increases the risk of patient's suicide. More than all teenagers are susceptible to such complications due to the inconsigned psyche and the peculiarities of age-related changes. If the disorder is manifested by asocial, inadequate behavior, it may entail new troubles: dismissal from work, deduction from educational institution, family quarrels.

Adaptation is a special feature of the body, which allows it to adapt to environmental change, if this does not occur, the symptoms of its violation appear. This usually happens in a short time and does not cause special inconvenience to the body.

Adaptation violation is a psychosomatic deviation

Adaptation of the human body can occur when a change in various external factors, such as: temperature, stress, atmospheric pressure, type of main meal, the content of trace elements in consumed water, oxygen level in the air. Adaptation occurs normally in the normal functioning of the organism itself, but with its pathology, or the appearance of a violation may fail. If there are symptoms of mental adaptation, treatment is necessary.

What factors can affect the adaptation level

The main reason for the mental adaptation violation is the weakening of the immune system. The immune system is key in the formation of the reaction to the world around. It is responsible for the reaction to pathogens, to change the number of micro and macroelements, as well as on climate change. It is, it contributes to mental adaptation when external physical or chemical factors are reduced or enhanced.

The immune system in these cases stimulates or slows down the production of its own factors (immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, enzymes and hormones). Another important factors is to maintain the normal level of blood taurus. These elements are responsible for the adaptation of the body to the change in the edible diet or the flow of harmful microorganisms.

Related immunity causes the complexity of adaptation

The normal amount of erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes ensures the so-called homeostasis, that is, the constancy of the internal fluids of the body. The constancy of blood and lymph has an important role in the adaptive capacity of the body. At their normal level, they are responsible for the proper functioning of the body and its enforcement adaptation.

With a decrease in the amount of iron entering the body, they are capable of maintaining a normal level of hemoglobin and color indicator. The iron level in the body contributes to its more stable state during mental adaptation. If iron in the body is not in sufficient quantity, symptoms of anemia appear. Balanced nutrition is also an indispensable element of the body's adaptation to new surrounding factors. It provides cells and tissues to all necessary for their normal functioning.

Factors that reduce the adaptation capabilities of the body

The main factors that affect the adaptation of the body are as follows:

Conducting anemia complicates the adaptation of the body to adverse environmental factors

Immunodeficiency states

They may be caused by chronic diseases, AIDS, viral or melted invasions, a disadvantage of food or a used liquid, these are the violations whose symptoms are manifested immediately.

These pathology affect such environmental environment as:

  • Blood.
  • Lymph.
  • Hormonal fluids.

The violation of their constant, which leads to strengthening the reaction of the body to change external factors, that is, to the weakening of adaptation capabilities. The body is slower getting used to new influences, and they cause more harm to him. A person becomes more sensitive to temperature change. That is, the change in the average daytime temperature is regarded by the body as a strong cold or severe heat.

Changes in the composition of the body fluids are carried out to a decrease in adaptation abilities.

Also, these changes in the body lead to a decrease in the fight against new bacteria and viruses. If you get into the body of new pathogens, he cannot use all its ability to fight him. Thus, it becomes more susceptible to new diseases, which even with little harmful pathogens can cause irreparable damage to the human body, treatment does not fix it.

Violation of mental adaptation, the decrease in hemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood also leads to new physical exertion. Due to the low level of hemoglobin, the supply of tissues and cells is reduced, that is, they cannot cope with a larger load.

Sharp drops of climate

A person is very susceptible to environmental change. The increase or decrease in temperature and humidity is very negatively affecting its health, especially on the respiratory system. A sharp change in these physical factors can lead to hyper, or to the hyposection of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. In any case, this is stress for the body that will lead to an inflammatory process.

When changing climate change, the body can respond with changes in the secretion of the respiratory system

The difference will only be available in the presence of a pathological secret. That is, with hypoidscretion, which will be caused by a decrease in humidity or increasing the temperature, the person will torment the dry adsatory cough. And with increasing moisture or decrease in temperature, it will be disturbed by cough with rich sputum release.

The factors that lead to the formation of sputum are a special danger, since bacteria are well multiplied and lead to purulent processes. This can lead to pneumonia or lung abscess.

Changing atmospheric pressure

Pressure change is a serious stress for the body. It is able to lead both a decrease in the solubility of gases in the blood and its increase. Reducing solubility leads to the so-called caisson disease. It occurs with the increase in pressure.

Reducing oxygen flow in tissue causes brain hypoxia

Most often, the caisson disease is manifested when immersed at great depths of non-training people. This leads to a decrease in the solubility of nitrogen in the blood and the formation of bubbles from it, which can block large and small blood vessels. This stress can lead to a fatal outcome, because it does not exist effective to combat it.

On the other hand, the rise highly in the mountain leads to another pathology, to which the body is not capable of adapting - mountainous disease. Here, the mechanism of occurrence is in the opposite - an increase in the solubility of gases in the blood leads to a decrease in the return of oxygen from the bloodstream in the tissue, which leads to hypoxia. That is, oxygen fasting fabrics occurs, first of all, symptoms of hypoxia brain appear. Treatment is carried out with the mandatory use of oxygen.

Changing nutrition and used liquid

Changing the nutrition or microelen composition of drinking water negatively affects the body. Each food contains a certain amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. When changing the diet, in connection with the departure to another locality, it changes. At the same time, even with normal, sufficient nutrition, there may be a lack of one or more of these necessary substances.

When changing the diet, the lack of enzymes may occur

All this depends not on the energy value of the product, but on the form of its location. For example, a person who eating all his life with Colyatin and Churyatin, will be difficult to digest pork, it is stress for the body. This will be due to the fact that it is adapted to produce the number of enzymes on a certain type of meat, and they will not be enough for more rude.

Load change

The untranslated organism is very hard to respond to an increase in loads. If a person walked all his life to work 5 minutes, then 30 minutes will lead to increased fatigue, such symptoms appear as shortness of breath, tachycardia, etc. But if all his life, a person overcomed long distances, then for him a decrease in activity - stress, which will lead to hypodynamies, which will negatively affect many systems of the body.

Stress as a result of complex situations

For many people, stressful situations lead to a failure of the usual rhythm of the body, but not everyone. For those who work in extreme conditions, stress does not cause discomfort. Their nervous system is able to quickly respond to new and unexpected tasks, which retains its normal operation. Normal stress does not require therapy, it passes along with the elimination of the provoking factor. If he is delayed or strongly affected in a state, appropriate treatment is necessary.

Stress affects the work of the nervous system of the body

How to improve the adaptation capabilities of the body

There are many tips to improve the mental adaptation of the body so that it will continue to transfer stress in the future.


Treatment of reduced adaptation

If there are the first signs of low mental adaptation, you need to be treated. You can do this in two ways: drug and psychological. The drug method is to use immunostimulating drugs, such as Eleutherococcus, Echinacea and their tableted counterparts. Treatment by the psychological method stimulates a person to active physical and social life. Most often these types of therapy are combined into one complex.

Immunostimulating drugs are prescribed for the treatment of reduced adaptation

The most important criterion in the mental adaptation of the body to stress is the activity of life. The greater the activity of a person's life, the more stable it will be to extreme situations, both physical and psychological. This is the most important factor. It is worth not to forget that not only physical activity is considered to be activity, but part of the emotional and social sphere is also important.

The combination of this all will allow adapting in any situation with the smallest consequences for the body. The activity of social and physical life is the best hardening for the body. If there are first symptoms of mental adaptation disorders, you need to contact the doctor.

Answers to questions about what is the role of adaptation in the life of an individual and why its violations arise, provided in video:

Social dezadaption

As a result of socialization of the individual, a full-fledged entity is formed, capable of fully participating in the life of society. Socialization of personality and social adaptation are closely interrelated and interdependent. They can be considered as identical concepts, or as carried out in a continuous interconnection.

As a result of unsuccessful socialization, there is a violation of the social adaptation of man.

Note 1.

Social deadaption, or desocialization - partial or complete inability to adapt to the surrounding social environment.

The mechanism of social adaptation is functioning from early childhood. Thanks to him, the individual learns to comply with certain rules and norms, to communicate in accordance with the rules adopted in this society, to adjust its behavior according to emerging situations.

A failure in the work of the adaptation mechanism leads to violations in the relationship between an individual and society, a person cannot fully interact with others.

Causes of social deadaption

Violations of social adaptation occur as a result of the following factors:

  • emotional deprivation and social isolation in childhood;
  • disharmonious development of children raising in boarding schools, orphanages, etc., that is, in institutionalized institutions;
  • pedagogical and social neglence;
  • unsuccessful socialization in the family and, as a result, the formation of character accentuations;
  • deformed parent-child relationship;
  • formation of personality in the antisocial environment;
  • the development of addictive forms of behavior;
  • mental disorders, as a result of disturbed parent-child relations.

Violations of social adaptation are manifested due to the impaired or unsuccessful socialization, the actions of negative psychological mechanisms

Note 2.

Socio-psychological disadaptation is developing in biological and physical disorders (diseases of the nervous system, brain injury, infectious diseases, accompanied by high temperature and intoxication); violations of the psychological nature (character accentuation, the peculiarities of the nervous system are excessive excitation, weakness, violation of volitional processes, etc.); Social violations (rejection of the child, improper education, hitting a hostile or unusual situation).

The formation of psychopathies, accentuations, other character anomalies is greatly influenced by the family.

The formation of psychopathies can be carried out as follows (O.V. Kerbikov): by assimilating and imitating the forms of adult behavior; As a result of fixing negative reactions; Through the immediate cultivation of anomalous character traits in the child.

If there are no senses of affection and heat in the family, negative actions are observed (non-fulfillment of promises, unfair reproaches, infringement of normal desires, etc.), the feeling of guilt in front of the parents is cultivated, then there is a violation of socialization, the formation of neurosis, social deadaption develops.

Manifestations of violations of social adaptation

The violations of social adaptation arising from the violation of communication include:

  • the inability to carry out the main activity (work, study);
  • inability to satisfy basic social needs;
  • lack of productive communication skills;
  • the inability to carry out the specified social roles in interpersonal relationships;
  • the inability to experience a condition for long internal comfort without the presence of external or internal conflicts.

Social adaptation is expressed in deprivation if the child has developed in social isolation. At the same time, children reject contacts with other people, they are afraid of them, they have the absence of emotions and feelings. Such individuals are prone to attacks of anger, affects, they have no high feelings, moral qualities are poorly formed, there is a low frustration tolerance.

Hospitalism syndrome is a condition characteristic of children for a long time in the hospital, boarding school, orphanage. The deficit of communication causes the formation of emotional violations, leads to the lag in physical and mental development, to social disadaptation.

An extreme solution of social disadaptation is pedagogical nestry, expressed in a delay in intellectual, emotional, physical development, in violation of behavior.

School desocialization is observed when highlighting a student from a group of other schoolchildren: external data, low or high performance, individual features, etc. It occurs with a sharp change in the appearance of the child, the change of the usual environment, etc. Lack of support, ridicule and rejection by adults leads to the loss of their place in society, the destruction of established social relations.

The psychic disorders causing social disadaptation include schizophrenia, autism, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar personality disorder.

Social nestness manifests itself in:

  • distorted development of socio-communicative qualities;
  • immaturity of social needs;
  • difficulties of acceptance and implementation of social roles;
  • low level of formation of social reflection.

Compared to children raising in families, children of closed institutional institutions are usually lagging behind mental development, emotionally unstable. They have the limited vocabulary reserve, reduced activity, few estimated judgments, it is difficult for them to organize their activities without the participation of adults.

In adolescence, children of closed institutional institutions have a weak development of the motivation sphere, the goal-setting is limited, their self-esteem depends largely on the environment, characterized by infantilism. The reaction to frustration is aggressive (threats, reproaches, accusations, etc.).

Note 3.

Violation of social adaptation can be partial or full. With a partial violation, the individual ceases to touch with certain types of vital activity, contact with some people: refuses to communicate with buddies, does not go to work, etc. Complete desocialization is characterized by a violation of contacting in all spheres of life, the individual stops communicating with the most close people, closes in itself and loses contact with reality.

Adaptation disorder (disorder of adaptive reactions) arises due to significant changes in the lifeguard due to the emergence of the emergency. According to the reference book on the diagnosis and statistics of mental disorders, the adaptation disorder that the stressors of different intensity can launch various manifestations.

Adaptation disorder, as a rule, occurs after the transition period. In most cases, depressive disorders are observed in duration and structure, part of patients depressed in the framework of adaptation disorder is manifested by a subjective sense of reduced mood, hopelessness and hopelessness.

Externally injured looks older than their age. There is a decrease in the leather turgora, the early appearance of wrinkles and having hair. Actively in the conversation does not enter, hardly support the conversation, they say a quiet voice, the speech rate is slowed down. The victims pay attention that it is difficult for them to assemble with thoughts, any undertaking seems impracticable, a volitional effort is required to do something. The difficulty of concentrating attention on one question, the difficulty in making decisions, and then in incarnation to life. The victims, as a rule, are aware of their inconsistency, but they try to hide it, inventing a variety of reasons for the justification of their inaction.

Practically there are always sleep disorders (hopping, frequent night wkerings, early wraiths in anxiety), no feeling of cheerfulness in the morning, regardless of the total duration of sleep. Sometimes marked nightmarish dreams. During the day, the mood is lowered, it is easily "tested tears" on a minor occasion.

The hesitation of blood pressure appear before changing the weather, not previously characterized by tachycardia, sweating, cooling limbs and a sense of tingling palms, deviations in the work of the digestive system (decline in appetite, a sense of discomfort in the abdomen, constipation). In part of cases in persons who suffer to the disorder of adaptation, to the fore, along with subjectively, a little felt decline in mood is a sense of anxiety.

Externally, the victims look strained, during the conversation they are sitting in the "closed pose": leaning forward slightly, shifting the leg to the leg and arms crossed on the chest. In the conversation joined reluctantly, wary. At first, the complaints do not express, however, after the conversation begins to touch the "current topic", the tempo of speech is accelerated, "Metallic shade" appears in the voice. During the conversation, it is hardly followed by the canow conversation, they can not wait until the interlocutor exposes his opinion, constantly interrupt him. Answers to questions often carry superficial, ill-considered character. Easily inspired and quickly perhapsing. For the entrusted, the case is taken with a great responsibility, but later, due to the difficulty concentration of attention, they cannot monitor the sequence of execution of orders, they make gross mistakes and either do not bring it to the end, or end it with a large delay.

There is also a breakdown of sleep, however, in contrast to the representatives of the previous group, the difficulties of falling asleep in these cases are primarily expressed in the fact that a variety of disturbing thoughts come to the head "in the head" concerning significant issues. From the side of the cardiovascular system, as in the previous group, an increase in blood pressure is observed (however, it is more stable and less dependent on the change of meteorological conditions), deviations in the work of the digestive system (decrease in appetite, moving with the appearance of a feeling "hunger, often accompanied by absorption of a large number of food).

In some persons with an adaptation disorder, along with a subjectively sensitive decline in mood, anxiety develops. And in the early morning hours, an alarm mood is dominated immediately after awakening, which "does not allow to be located in bed." Then, it decreases for 1-2 hours, and in the clinical picture begins to prevail to prevail,

During the day, the victims of this group are low-active. On your own initiative, help does not appeal. During the conversation, they express complaints about a reduced mood, apathy. On the alarm, representatives of this group complain only when inspection in the evening or if the doctor draws attention to its presence.

Anxiety increases in the evening and gradually decreases by midnight. The victims themselves this period of time is considered "the most stable and productive" when there is no feeling of longing and anxiety. Many of them emphasize, realize that during this period the day you need to rest, but they begin to do household chores or watch the TV "An interesting film", and sleep only deeply over midnight.

In cases where the adaptation disorder is manifested in changing the style of life. Sometimes a person subconsciously relieves responsibility for the well-being and health of his family members. In some cases, victims believe that it is necessary to change the place of residence. Often they move to a new place of residence, where they can also not adapt to the living conditions. Representatives of this group begin to abuse alcohol, gradually suffer links with family and adjoin the environment with lower social queries and needs. Sometimes, subconsciously withdrawing responsibility for the well-being and health of members of their family, adjacent to sects. As the victims themselves explain in these cases, "new friends help forget the old grief."

A number of victims with the disorder of adaptation is manifested in neglecting conventional behaviors. At the same time, it is not about the fact that a person considers one or another non-resident act unacceptable, but "the need forces it to act," but that it is consciously defined as "quite permissible". In these cases, we are talking about the decline in individual moral identity criteria.

Adaptation Disorder and Grief Reaction

Adaptation disorders include a pathological response of grief.

Before describing the clinical picture of the pathological response, mercy is expedient to state how the incomprehensible grief response (emotional and behavioral response of the organism on the irreplaceable loss flows associated with the loss).

Initially, the word "loss" (loss) understood the personal experience associated with the loss of a loved one. Somewhat later in the loss began to attract a divorce and other types of gap with your loved one. In addition, the loss includes the loss of ideals and the same lifestyle, as well as amputation of part of the body and the loss of an important function of the body due to a somatic disease. There is a special form of loss, observed in individuals suffering from chronic disease. For example, in chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, a person is forced to lead the life of the half-water to which it is gradually adapting, and later gets used to. After the necessary surgical operation and the restoration of the function may have a reaction of burning in limited life.

There are loss and somewhat different types, which can also provoke a burning reaction: loss of social status, membership in a particular group, work, housing. A special place among the loss (mainly among lonely Luden) is loss of favorite pets.

Lights include not only the loss of a favorite being. A significant loss may be the loss of ideals or the lifestyle of the individual.

The reaction of burning to a certain extent the natural reaction in the loss. According to S.T. Wolff and R.c. SIMONS, "PURPOSE" of the reaction of grief - the liberation of the personality of relations with the individual, which is no longer.

The intensity of the grief reaction is more pronounced with a sudden loss. However, relative relations with the dead are affected by the degree of severity of the reaction. As is known, in 75% of cases, couples who lost children, for a certain time cease to function as a single family, and later the family often disintegrates. Among these family couples are frequent cases of depression, suicidal attempts, alcoholism and sexual problems.

With the death of a person, not only parents suffer. The surviving sibs not only feel guilty due to the fact that they remained alive, but also perceive the torment of their parents as a confirmation that the dead children loved more.

External expression of grief reaction (mourning) largely determines the culture affiliation. Ethnocultural traditions (rituals) either contribute to the weakening of the reaction of grief, or prohibit it to show it.

In the reaction of grief, three phases are distinguished. The first phase - the protest phase. It is characterized by a desperate attempt of an individual to restore relationships with the departed. This is expressed in the first reaction of the "I do not believe that it happened." Part of individuals cannot accept the happening and continue to behave as if nothing happened. Sometimes the protest is manifested in the subjective feeling of dulling of all feelings (they do not hear anything, they do not see anything). As some authors indicate, such a blocking of the surrounding validity at the very beginning of the protest phase is a kind of massive protection against perception of loss. Sometimes, realizing that the individual died, close relatives seek to return him to the unrealistic way, for example, the wife, hugging the body of the deceased husband, appeals to him with the words: "Come back, do not leave me now." The protest phase is characteristic of sobbies and due. At the same time, pronounced hostility and angiveness are often observed, often aimed at doctors. The protest phase can last from a few minutes to several months. It is then gradually inferior to the place of disorganization phase (loss awareness phase). In this phase, there is a realization that the beloved person is no longer. Emotions are very intense and painful. The main mood is deep sadness with the experience of loss. Personality can also experience anger and sense of guilt, but deep sadness remains the predominant affect. Significantly note that. Unlike depression, during the response, the self-assessment of the individual is not reduced.

The burning reaction accompany various somatic sensations that can provoke the surrounding environment. These include:

  • loss of appetite:
  • the feeling of emptiness in the stomach:
  • feeling compressing in the throat;
  • feeling shortness of air:
  • feelings of weakness, lack of energy and physical exhaustion.

They can also provoke surrounding events. Sometimes these memories are subjectively tolerated so hard that the individual tries to avoid them.

One of the manifestations of adaptation disorder is the reluctance of communication and reduction of contacts with the surrounding micro-social medium. Patients become introverted, they are unable to exercise the spontaneity to others and the warmth characteristic of them earlier.

Persons with the reaction of grief often indicate the presence of guilt in relation to the deceased near a person. At the same time, they can be expressed irritability and hostility. Persons with the reaction of grief from their relatives want to hear the words "I will help you to return it," and not the words of sympathy.

In general, in this phase of the course of the reaction of grief, the patient notes disorganization, aimlessness and anxiety. Individuals themselves, estimated this time retrospectively, they say that everything they did, "did automatically, without feelings, and it required a lot of effort."

In this phase, the individual gradually begins to recognize the loss. He is increasingly remembered by the mustache, about his last days and minutes. Many seek to avoid these memories, because they are very painful: the individual understands that there is no more this connection.

Many individuals dream of seeing the departed in a dream. Some often see the departed in a dream alive. For them, waking up (return to real reality) is often extremely painful. Sometimes auditory hallucinations appear in the daytime: "Someone on tiptoe passed along the corridor and slammed the window", "the deceased dies by name". These hallucinations often cause pronounced fear and make us turn to specialists for helping because of the concerns to "go crazy". It should be noted that, as some researchers believe in individuals with an adaptation disorder, fear of going crazy does not apply to adaptation disorders and will not entail the development of serious diseases.

The phase of disorganization implies the reorganization phase, which is marked from several weeks to several years. In this phase, the person again turns the face to real reality. The individual begins to remove objects belonging to the clever places. By this time, the unpleasant memories associated with the death of a loved one are gradually pale, and pleasant memories associated with the departed are beginning to emerge.

In the third stage, the individual often begins to show interest in the new field of activity and at the same time restore old connections. At times, the personality may experience a sense of guilt due to the fact that he is alive and enjoying life when the deceased is missing. This syndrome was described in its time as the surviving syndrome. It should be noted that the emerging sense of guilt is sometimes expressed quite strongly and can sometimes be projected on a new person who appeared in the life of an individual.

Despite the fact that a lot is changing, in most people with an adaptation disorder remain some common patterns of relation to the depreciation:

  • memories of the mustache;
  • internal maintenance of fantasies on reunification with the departed (the idea of \u200b\u200bsuch an opportunity in the future is supported by most religions);
  • communication with the departed is supported through the identification process (over time, people gradually begin to identify themselves in habits, according to values \u200b\u200band activity, for example, the wife begins to continue the business of her husband in the same vein, sometimes absolutely not aware of this).

Finally, it should be said that a person who survived the loss (test) becomes more mature and wise. If the individual adequately survived the reaction of grief without loss, he has new values \u200b\u200band habits, which allows him to become more independent and better cope with life adversities.

Pathological reaction burning

The most severe manifestation of the pathological reaction of grief is the lack of reaction of grief as such: individuals who lost a close man do not have mental pain nor longing, no memories of the mustache. They do not detect somatic adaptation disorders. Sometimes after the loss of a loved one, the individual expresses anxiety and fear for his health in connection with the presence of a real chronic disease.

Often, with a pathological disorder of adaptation, the individual begins to realize his loss only after 40 days or after the anniversary of the death of a loved one. Sometimes the loss of a loved one begins to be perceived very sharply after another significant loss. The case is described when a wife died in an individual, after which he began to mourn and his mother, who deceased 30 years ago.

Sometimes a person begins to sorrow about his close, who died at the same age that an individual reached.

In some cases, progressive social isolation can develop when the individual almost ceases to communicate with the surrounding microsococial environment. Social insulation may accompany constant hyperactivity.

The emerging deep sadness and the feeling of the guilt of the survivor can gradually move into a clinically pronounced depression with a sense of hate to themselves. Often, at the same time, hostile feelings arise in relation to the departed, which are unacceptable for both the individual himself and the surrounding microsochen medium. Occasionally, persons with severe hostility are subsequently developing paranoid reactions. Especially in relation to the doctors who treated the deceased.

Among those with disorders of adaptation mortality and soreness with the loss of the second half during the first year of mourning increased compared with the overall population.

In terms of cases, the person with adaptation disorder continue to mentally communicate (talking) with the departed and in their fantasies believe that everything they do, they do the same as they did with the departed. At the same time, they understand that a loved one is no longer alive.

Currently, the unified classification of adaptation disorders associated with emergencies does not exist. In various classifications, in different ways, the concepts of the type of flow (acute and chronic) are interpreted and the duration of one or another syndrome is determined differently.

According to the ICD-10, when the adaptation disorder, the symptoms are detected by a typical mixed and changing picture and include the initial state of stupidity with some narrowing of the consciousness field and a decrease in attention, the inability to adequately respond to external incentives and disorientation. " This condition may be accompanied by either further departure from the surrounding reality (up to dissociative stupor), or intensity and hyperactivity (the reaction of flight or fugance). Vegetative signs of panic alarms are often present, partial or complete dissociative amnesia episode are possible.

When it is possible to eliminate the stressful situation, the duration of acute adaptation disorder does not exceed several hours. In cases where stress lasts or by its nature, it cannot stop, the symptoms begin to disappear after 24-48 hours and minimize over three days. At the same time, according to the diagnostic criteria for adaptation disorder, the response of the individual who has undergone a traumatic event includes intensive fear, helplessness or horror.

During the impact of the distress event (stressor) or after it, the individual should have three or more of the following adaptation disorders:

  • a subjective feeling of stupor, alienation or lack of emotional resonance;
  • reduction of the perception of the surrounding reality (the state of "stunning" or "silence");
  • derealization;
  • depersonalization;
  • dissociative amnesia (inability to remember important aspects of injury).

The person is constantly going through a traumatic event at least in one of the options:

  • recurrent ideas, thoughts, dreams, illusions, flashback episodes; about the feeling of revival experiences experience;
  • distress when exposed to resembling moments of a traumatic event.

There are avoiding incentives that cause memories of a traumatic event: thoughts, feelings, conversation, activity, place of events, people who participated. Expressed symptoms are found that cause anxiety and enhance the excitement: difficulty sleep, irritability, difficulty concentration, supervigility, excessive reaction of fright, motor anxiety.

Available adaptation disorder causes a clinically significant distress or the inability to perform various functions.

Adaptation disorder is ongoing for at least two days, but not more than four weeks.

As can be seen from the given data, the classification of Obm-gui is more detailed. However, it differs significantly from the ICD-10. First, the acute stress disorder of adaptation includes a part of the symptoms, which on the ICD-10 refer to the diagnostic criteria for the PSR. Secondly, the duration of the acute reaction to stress, according to the ICD-10, "comes down to a minimum for three days even in cases where stress continues or in nature cannot cease." According to the ICD-10, "if the symptoms are preserved, then the question of changing the diagnosis." Thirdly, according to Obm-gu, if the symptoms inherent in acute stressful disorder, last 30 days, the diagnosis of "acute stressful adaptation disorder" should be replaced by the diagnosis of PSR. Consequently, according to Obm-gu, the PSR as a diagnosis can be placed only after the first 30 days after the traumatic event.

The diagnosis "Transition period" does not exist in any classification. Nevertheless, we allocated it for the following considerations:

  • in the transition period, the clinical picture of subsequent psychopathological disorders occurs;
  • it is in the transitional period that, as a rule, it seems possible to provide highly qualified psychological and psychiatric assistance to victims;
  • the volume and quality of psychological and psychiatric care and social activities carried out in the transition period, largely determine the effectiveness of the entire complex of rehabilitation measures aimed at the resocialization of the victims.

Adaptation disorder is a mental illness of a person who is provoked by different stresses.

A person's life is inextricably linked with stress, which unknown can affect his health.

Does some kind of problem torment? Enter the "symptom" or "name of the disease" press Enter and you will learn all the treatment of this problem or illness.

The site provides reference information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease are possible under the supervision of a conscientious doctor. Any drugs have contraindications. Consultation of a specialist, as well as a detailed study of the instruction! .

Types of disorder


There are several types of this disorder, having characteristics:

  • Patient stay in a state of anxiety;
  • The presence of the patient the state of the depressed mood;
  • The presence of disorders in psycho-emotional state;
  • Patient stay in a state of chronic depression.

What can be told about a prolonged depressive reaction

A prolonged depressive reaction is a disease of an easy depressive form as a response to a long-term stress. Staying the patient in this state should not exceed 2 years.

The symptoms of this disease include:

  • Feeling of depression;
  • Presence of a tear state (crying);
  • Look at the future without rainbow paints;
  • Confidence in the negative development of events.

Causes of this state


For the manifestation of this disease, sufficient stresses of the following nature:

  • Personal plan problems;
  • Conflicts in the workplace;
  • Problems with material well-being;
  • Conflict relationships in school;
  • Frequent change of place of residence;
  • Accommodation in combat places;
  • Features of the social status of the family (or strong poverty, or great wealth);
  • Misunderstanding in the family, often leading to quarrels;
  • Breaking relationships with a loved one (may suffer both men's and women's part of the population);
  • Health problems (the presence of severe diseases);
  • Sexual inferiority (more peculiar to men);
  • Situations related to the death of loved ones.

Some situations may not immediately provoke this mental disorder. If several of the listed list immediately occurs, difficult harm is possible.

Risk categories

In addition to the listed causes, it is possible to find in the risk of the development of this mental disorder.

  1. Genetic predisposition.
  2. Gender belonging.
  3. Features of individual adaptability to certain life situations.
  4. The impossibility of eliminating the situation causing stress in the body.
  5. Aged abortion in women.
  6. The presence of severe diseases.


Sometimes there may be situations experienced in childhood in adulthood in adulthood, for example, alcoholism of parents, family fights, parting with parents (due to the deprivation of parental rights), living in the combat zone, conflicts with classmates.

Finding a person in the risk category can provoke more serious psyche disorders than the deadaption. This, for example, a protracted depression or bipolar disorder.

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Symptoms and signs of the disease

Any disease is accompanied by a number of symptoms that signal that the body needs help. This disorder is capable of developing for six months after the occurrence of stress, and in chronic cases and for more.

The most characteristic symptoms of adaptation disorder:

  • The patient is inherent in the depressed state;
  • The patient may experience a feeling of anxiety;
  • The presence of the feeling of pain in the chest;
  • Early seeding and appearance of wrinkles on the face;
  • Difficult breathing (patient can often sigh deeply);
  • The presence of irritability factor in trifles;
  • Lack of joyful thoughts;
  • To start doing something, the patient applies a lot of volitional effort;
  • Lack of plans for the near future;
  • A decrease or increase of appetite, which leads either to the discharge of weight, or to its set;
  • Unwillingness to come to contact with the interlocutor;
  • Loss of healthy sleep.

Signs of this disorder are considered:

  • The patient is difficult to memorize these, facts, interesting events;
  • The circle of interest is strongly narrowed;
  • The patient is unable to make rapid decisions;
  • The patient is difficult to draw conclusions from the current situations;
  • There is a mental and physical exhaustion of the body.

Diagnosing this mental disorder

When treating a patient to a doctor with the listed symptoms, he must ask about the presence of stress. You need to tell all the doctor without comfort.

Insofar as It must appreciate the risk factor of stressing on your body.

And exclude the possibility of a protracted depression or post-traumatic disorder. The patient can be aimed at consulting a psychotherapist to clarify the diagnosis and appointment of coursework.