Translate the following sentences paying attention to the tense and the mood of the verb-predicate.

1. Open your notebooks, please. 2. What are you reading now? 3. What do his students usually read? What newspapers do they read? 4. Where are you going? 5. Where do you go every day? 6. Sit down at the table, please take your notebooks and write down text number five. - What are you doing now? - We are writting down text number five. 7. Do your friends read English books? - Very often. 8. Don't close the book, please. 9. They don't send me kig and newspapers. 10. What movie is this? - It's a good movie. 11. I often meet this worker here. 12. How often do you meet these engineers? - No, these engineers very rarely come here.

Please help answer questions about the text.

1. How many basic types of economic systems stand out?
2. What does a traditional economic system rely upon?
3. When are severe limitations placed upon individual choice?
4. What does a capitalist economic system emphasize?
5. Why does the outcome prove to be in the overall best interests of society?

This is text
Three basic types of economic systems
1) To develop some perfective for a study of microeconomics, it helps to begin with a feeling for what an economic system is and how it works.
2) Various countries have elected to use different methods both in organizing resources in the production process and in distributing the resultant goods and services.Three basic types of economic systems stand out.
3) A traditional economic system relies upon custom, habit, social mores, and tried-and-true methods for achieving economic goals; technology is primitive; changes are slow and production is pursued in the same way is last year and the year before. Tradition and the status quo are perpetuated.
4) A command economic system relies on public ownership and centralized control of the basic means of production; severe limitations are placed upon individual choice when such choices conflict with government-determined economic priorities. Economic plans and activities are under die control of an economic commander-in-chief (a king, czar, prime minister, or central planning authority).
5) A capitalistic or market economic systems emphasizes private ownership, individual economic freedom, competition, the profit motive, and the price systems in the achievement of economic goals. Each economic unit decides what choices and policies are best for it, the thesis being that in encouraging the drive for individual economic self-interest, the outcome proves also to be in the overall best interests of society because of the strong incentives for efficiency, productivity , and satisfaction of consumers.

For each of us, a family is the most precious thing that can be. Often, when we meet, we are asked to talk about how we live, about our family, about our parents. If you are learning English, then let this topic help you talk about your family. How can children tell about their family in English?

Also this theme will be useful for children. Because at the end of the school English course, the child must have a certain baggage of topics that he can talk about, build a dialogue, and tell. Family is one of them.

Each family ( family) usually consists of several people. Sometimes these are some distant relatives, godparents, etc. But now we will look at the most basic family members in English, parents and close relatives ( parents and relatives). So, let's figure out who's who in the family in English:

  • Grandfather (grandpa, granddad) - grandfather
  • Grandmother (grandma, granny) - grandmother
  • Father (daddy, dad) - father
  • Mother (mummy, mum, mom) - mom
  • Sister - sister
  • brother - brother
  • son - son
  • daughter - daughter
  • Uncle - uncle
  • Aunt - aunt
  • Cousin - cousin/cousin

It is important for children to be able to tell something about each member of the family. Who is who by profession, what are their hobbies, etc. In English, this can be done something like this:

  • My father is a builder. He builds houses. He is strong and clever. — My father is a builder. He builds houses. He is strong and smart
  • My mother is a teacher. She likes children and she likes to read books. - My mother is a teacher. She loves children and loves to read books
  • My granny doesn't work. She is retired. She tells very interesting fairy tales. - My grandmother does not work. She is a pensioner. She tells very interesting stories.
  • I have a sister. She is a university student. She likes sports. - I have a sister. She is a university student. She likes sports.

If we are talking about spouses (spouses), then here they are in English:

  • Husband - husband, husband
  • Wife - wife, spouse

Pay attention to examples of sentences with these words:

  • I love my husband, he is the best. I love my husband, he is the best
  • John's wife is very hard working. John's wife is very hardworking.

Also, we want to bring to your attention a small set of words that refers to more distant relatives. It will be interesting and useful not only for children, but for beginners learning English. So:

  • Father-in-law - father-in-law, father-in-law
  • Mother-in-law - mother-in-law, mother-in-law
  • daughter-in-law - daughter-in-law
  • Son-in-law - son-in-law
  • Stepfather - stepfather
  • Stepmother - stepmother
  • Stepbrother - stepbrother
  • godfather - godfather
  • godmother - godmother
  • godson - godson
  • goddaughter - goddaughter

Examples of sentences with these words and their translation into Russian:

  • My son got married; now I have a daughter-in-law. — My son got married, now I have a daughter-in-law
  • My father-in-law is a very wise man. — My father-in-law is a very wise man.
  • I am going to visit my godfather. “I'm going to visit my godfather.

 Family members in English and examples of sentences with them

How to talk about family in English?

This is very important for children. This topic is often found in textbooks, in exams, in simple conversation. The words above, as well as a few more details, will help you tell about your family.

Describe each member of your family, tell us what he enjoys, where he works. Tell us about each of their hobbies. Briefly tell about family traditions and holidays, what you do when you get together. Do not forget to mention yourself, because you are also a member of your family.

So, you can tell about your family something like this:

My family is not big. We are four: my father, my mother, my brother and I. My father is a doctor, he treats people. He likes his work very much. Also he is fond of taking pictures.
My mother is an economist. She likes mathematics. When she has some free time, she cooks very tasty cakes. We always help her all around the house.
My brother is a university student. He is learning to be a doctor like our father. He is also a good sportsman, he plays tennis and football.
My name is Alex, I am a pupil. I also like sport and reading books.
I like when our family gets together. Then we discuss films and books, listen to the music. On weekends we visit our grandparents. In summer we go to the seaside or to the mountains.
I love my family very much. It is the best family in the world.

If you're having trouble translating, here it is:

My family is not big. There are four of us: my father, my mother, my brother and me. My father is a doctor, he treats people. He loves his job very much. He is also interested in photography.
My mother is an accountant. She loves math. When she has free time, she cooks delicious cakes. We always help her around the house.
My brother is a university student. He is studying to be a doctor, like our dad. He is also a good sportsman, he plays tennis and football.
My name is Alex, I'm a student. I also love sports and reading books.
I love when our family gets together. Then we discuss films and books, listen to music. On weekends we visit grandparents. In summer we go to the sea or to the mountains.
I love my family very much. This is the most best family in the world.

So or something like this you can talk about your family in English. I repeat that this topic is very important for the lexicon. Practice doing this with your child, using our text as a template.

We wish you good luck!

Vocabulary (Vocabulary)

Family- family

Child (children) - child (children)

Daughter - daughter

Mother (mom, mammy) - mom (mom, mommy)

Father (dad, daddy) - dad (dad, daddy)

Brother - brother

sister

Husband - husband

Wife-wife

Fiancé - groom

Bride

Aunt- aunt

Uncle- uncle

Parents- parents

Nephew- nephew

Niece- niece

Twins - twins

Father-in-law - father-in-law, father-in-law

Mother-in-law - mother-in-law, mother-in-law

Son-in-law-son-in-law

Daughter-in-law

To inherit - inherit

Relative- relative

Granddaughter / grandson / grandchildren - granddaughter / grandson / grandchildren

Cousin - cousin (sister)

To be married- to be married

To get married

Wedding- wedding

Marriage - marriage

Spouse - married couple

Wedding ring

Veil- veil

Wedding dress - wedding dress

Honey-moon- honeymoon trip

To be engaged to- be engaged to someone

To be pregnant - to be pregnant

Propose to - make an offer to someone

Divorce- divorce

Dialogues (dialogues)

- Can we talk?

Sure, what would you like to talk about?

I have some problems with my nephew

I see, I`ll drop by your house tonight

Thanks, I'll be waiting for you

Can we talk?

Of course, what do you want to talk about?

I have problems with my nephew

I got it, I'll drop by your house tonight

Thank you I will be waiting for you

- Hello. Can I speak to the person in charge of cooking wedding cakes?

Yes. Can I put you on hold for a couple of minutes? I'll check if he's here

Ok

Hello, Can I speak to someone who is in charge of making wedding cakes?

Yes. Could you wait on the line for a couple of minutes? I'll check if he's here

Fine

- Alice, I have something to say to you. A little bird told me Jack and Lilly are getting married.

Really? When?

In October or in November.

I'm so excited for them

Ellis, I have something to tell you. Someone told me that Jack and Lily are going to get married.

Is it true? When?

October or November

I'm so happy for them

- I have to go to the mall. Keep an eye on my baby

Don`t worry I promise everything will be ok

OK. I`ll come back in 2 hours

Great. see you later. take care

Bye. take care

I have to go to the supermarket. look after my child

Don't worry, I promise everything will be fine

ok i'll be back in 2 hours

Fabulous. See you later. Take care

Bye. Take care

1 Names of family members in English (voiced words, transcription)

Click on an English word to listen (or listen in the player)


other words:

parents- parents; children- children; grandparents- Grandfather and grandmother; grandchild(pl. grandchildren) - grandson, granddaughter (grandchildren); grandson- grandson; granddaughter- granddaughter; great-grandchildren (great-grandson, great granddaughter) - great-grandchildren (great-grandson, great-granddaughter)

twins- twins, twins; twin-brother- twin brother; twin-sister- twin sister; cousin- cousin, cousin, cousin, cousin

stepfather- stepfather; step mother- stepmother; step son- Foster-son; step-daughter- stepdaughter

wife- wife; husband- husband; widow- widow; widower- widower; father-in-law- father-in-law, father-in-law; mother-in-law- mother-in-law, mother-in-law; son-in-law- daughter's husband, son-in-law; daughter-in-law- son's wife, daughter-in-law, daughter-in-law

2 Video with English vocabulary on the topic: family members



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3 Features of the use of words denoting family members in English

1. Nouns mother, father, sister, brother, uncle, aunt, grandmother etc., denoting relatives, belong to the group of words that are used with not definite article to indicate relationship:

I have got a brother- I have a brother.
Has got an aunt- He has an aunt.

If the words mother, father refer to the speaker's relatives, they are usually used without an article and are capitalized:

mother is not in yet(My) mother has not come yet.
father is not up yet(My) father has not yet risen.

Other words in this group aunt, uncle, sister, cousin, brother), as a rule, are used with the following proper name or preceding possessive pronoun: Aunt Lucy, Uncle Bob.

2. When talking about someone's relatives, they use a possessive pronoun (even when using proper names): Is your uncle Bob coming?

3. Proper names in plural denoting members of the same family are used with the definite article: the Petrovs (Petrovs), the Forsytes (Forsytes).

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Not in English grammatical category gender of nouns. Nouns belong to one or another gender according to the semantic feature. Thus, many nouns denoting relatives indicate gender. For example, nouns father, brother, son, nephew, uncle, grandfather belong to the male gender. And nouns mother, sister, daughter, niece, aunt, grandmother belong to the feminine gender.
An external indicator of the gender of a noun in English is the use of personal (or possessive) pronouns when replacing a noun: he/ He ( his) - for the masculine gender; she/ she ( her) - for the feminine gender; it/ he she it ( its) - for the middle gender.
The adjective, pronoun and article in English do not change their form when used with nouns denoting persons of different sexes: my little brother/my little brother and my little sister/my little sister


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5 Songs about family in English

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6 Family and its members in English idioms

member of a family- family member
to cloth/feed/support a family- clothe / feed / support a family
nuclear family- nuclear family (consisting only of parents and children)
extended family– extended family (including, in addition to parents and children, other close relatives)
lone-parent/one-parent/single-parent family- broken family
to start a family- have children
to raise a family- raising children
in the family way- in position, pregnant
family feed- family feud
family room– common room (in the apartment), living room
family circle- 1) home, family circle; 2) Amer. theater. gallery; balcony
family allowance- allowance for families with many children
family bible- family Bible (on the blank sheets of which the dates of birth, marriage and death are recorded)
family likeness- family resemblance
family name- surname; common name in the family
family estate- family estate
family man- family man; homebody

mother-craft- the ability to raise children
nursing mother- breastfeeding mother
welfare mother- Amer. single unemployed woman receiving child support
mother of all- razg. smth. unsurpassed, exceptional, e.g. mother of all bombs- "mother of all bombs"
every mother's son- all without exception, all to one
mother wit- natural intelligence, ingenuity
mother's day- an annual holiday in honor of mothers

penny-father- miser, miser
Father of Waters- Amer. "father of the waters", Mississippi River
Father Thames- Mother Thames
the father and mother of- razg. something extremely large in scale, something reaching the extreme degree of manifestation
father figure- a person whom the child loves and respects like a father
natural father- father of an illegitimate child
Father's Day- an annual holiday in honor of the fathers (in the USA it is celebrated on the third Sunday of June)
Father Christmas- Father Frost
the Holy Father- the pope
the father of lies- bible. father of lies (of the devil)
to be gathered to one "s fathers- bible. to venerate one's fathers, to die
the father of faith/the faithful- bible. father in faith, father of all believers (about the Old Testament patriarch Abraham)

sob sister- Amer. writer of sentimental or sensational articles, stories
weak sister– member of the group in need of assistance; lagging behind
soul sister– sister by skin color, black sister
big/older sister- elder sister
kid/little/younger sister- younger sister
full sister- jur. full sister
out sister- a nun doing some work outside the monastery

Brother Jonathan- joke. Yankees (nickname of the Americans)
soul brother- brother in spirit
sworn brothers- sworn brothers
brother of the brush- brother in brush (artist)
brother of the quill- fellow writer (writer)
brother in arms- brother in arms (one who, together with someone, participated in a war, battle)
craft-brother- craftsman
blood brother- blood brother
big/older brother- Older brother
kid/little/younger brother- younger brother
brother german- brother
brother-sister corporation- branches of the same company in relation to each other

only son- The only son
to marry off a son- marry son
natural son- bastard son
sons of soil- farmers, peasants
son of a gun- razg. guy, small; int. Damn it)!
the sons of men- bible. sons of men; the human race; humanity, people
prodigal son- bible. prodigal son


to marry off a daughter- to marry off a daughter
daughter nation- descendant people

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7 Proverbs about family in English

Like father, like son.
What is the father, such is the son.

A tree is known by its fruit.
A tree is known by its fruits.

Many a good father has but a bad son.
Many good fathers have bad sons.

There is a black sheep in every family.
There is a black sheep in every family.

Blood is thicker than water.
Blood is thicker than water.

Charity begins at home.
Charity begins with your family. (Whoever thinks about relatives will not forget strangers either.)

One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters.
One father is better than a hundred teachers.

A miserly father makes a prodigal son.
A miserly father will raise his son with a wast.

Treat your family like friends and your friends like family.
Treat family like friends and friends like family.

Every father should remember that one day his son will follow his example instead of his advice.
Every father should remember that one day his son will follow his example, not his advice.

Blood will tell.
The blood will have an effect.

Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
Don't teach your grandma to eat eggs.


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8 Games, songs, stories in English with words for family members (flash)

Origin of some English words denoting kinship

Native English vocabulary makes up about 30% of the entire vocabulary of the English language, but it is it that reflects the most ancient concepts. It is customary to distinguish three groups of native English vocabulary. The first of them is made up of words that go back to the Indo-European layer. In turn, words of Indo-European origin form several fairly clear semantic groups. One such group is the group of kinship terms ( father, mother, brother, son, daughter). For example, the English kinship term father has correspondences in the Gothic language (fadar), in modern German (Vater), in Swedish (fader), as well as outside the Germanic group (Latin pater, Greek pater, Persian pedaer). The presence of these correspondences allows us to assume that the word goes back to the layer of vocabulary common to later branches of languages. Indeed, in Sanskrit we find the root pitr with the same meaning of the closest male lineage. The Indo-European origin of the word is also confirmed if we trace the regular phonological changes and sound parallels described by historians of various languages.
A similar example is the word daughter, which has correspondences not only in other Germanic languages ​​​​(D.A. dohtor, Gothic dauhtar, Icelandic dottir, Danish datter, Swiss dotter, German Tochter), but also outside the Germanic group (lit. dukte, Russian daughter, Greek thygater, Persian dokhtaer). The Sanskrit word to which all of the above goes back is duhitr.


Based on the materials of the book by VV Eliseeva "Lexicology of the English language".

On sociocultural differences between the words grandmother and the words grandmother

Russian word grandmother and English grandmother- in general, terms (terms of kinship) denoting the mother of the parents. However, what does the Russian grandmother have in common with the English grandmother? These are completely different images, they look different, dress differently, they have completely different functions in the family, different behavior, different lifestyles. Russian word grandmother- one of the not too numerous borrowings in English, denoting a headscarf, a scarf (" a head scarf tied under the chin, worn by Russian peasant women"[a headscarf tied under the chin, similar to what Russian peasant women wear]). A Russian grandmother, as a rule, is even more busy in her new status than before: she raises her grandchildren, runs the household, gives parents the opportunity to work, earn money. English speaking grandmother goes on a "deserved rest": travels, brightly dresses, tries to catch up in terms of entertainment, a pleasant pastime.


From the book by S. G. Ter-Minasova "Language and Intercultural Communication".

Dictionary definitions of the word family

"The American Heritage Dictionary" gives the following interpretation words family:
– parents and their children(parents and their children);
– a group of persons related by blood or marriage(a group of persons related by ties of consanguinity or marriage);
– the members of the household(people who lead a common household);
– a group of things with common characteristics(a group of items with common characteristics);
– biol. a group of related plants or animals ranking between a genus and an order(biol. a group of related plants or animals, occupying a place between the genus and the detachment).

Similar interpretations of the word family in "Collins Essential English Dictionary":
a group of people who are related to each other, especially parents and their children(a group of persons who are related, especially parents and their children).
When people talk about their family, they can also mean (When people talk about their family, they can also mean):
– their children(their children);
– one line of their ancestors(ancestors in one line).
You can use family to describe (You can use the word family[in the meaning of "family, family, generic"] for description):
– things that belong to a particular family(things belonging to a particular family);
– things that are designed to be used or enjoyed by both parents and children(things that are made for use by parents and children).
A family of animals or plants is a group of related species(A family of animals or plants is a group of related species.)

"Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture" defines family(family) as:
– one "s parents, grandfather and grandmother, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts etc.(parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters, uncles and aunts, etc.);
– a group of one or usually two adults and their children living in the same home(a group consisting of one or usually two adults and their children living together);
– all those people descended from a common person (ancestor)(a group of persons having a common ancestor);
– children(children);
– a group of related animals, plants, languages ​​etc(a group of related animals, plants, languages, etc.).


Coloring books, exercises and games with words for family members (in English)

Children's poems about the family in English

A Family

Father Duck goes for a swim
And Mother Duck comes out with him,
And behind them clean and trim
Seven ducklings swim.

Seven little yellow balls:
"Quack, quack, quack," the mother calls.
What a pretty sight they make
Swimming on a sunny lake.

My Mother

I love my mother
She's kind and she's gay,
She reads me the books
And helps me to play.

Father, Mother, Sister, Brother

Here is my father
Here is my mother
Here is my Sister
Here is my Brother.

father, mother,
sister, brother
hand in hand
With one another.

Happy Family

I love my Mother, she loves me
We love Daddy, yes, sire.
He loves us and so you see
We are a happy family.

I love Sister, she loves me
We love Brother, yes, sire.
He loves us and so you see
We are a happy family.

When my sister goes away

When my sister goes away
Says she: "Little brother,
You must take my place today.
Take good care of Mother."

Grandma's Spectacles

These are Grandma's spectacles,
This is Grandma's hat.
This is the way she folds her hands
And lays them in her lap.

Mother May I Go Out to Swim

"Mother, may I go out to swim?"
"Yes, my darling daughter.
Fold your clothes up neat and trim,
But don't go near the water.

good night!

good night mother
good night, father,
Kiss your little son!
good night sister
good night, everyone.


Peter, Peter pumpkin eater
Had a wife but couldn't keep her;
Put her in a pumpkin shell
And there he kept her very well.