TV antenna do it yourself: step-by-step instructions. Simple ways how to make a television antenna with your own hands

It is not always appropriate to buy a good antenna for the cottage. Especially if it is visited from time to time. The point is not so much in costs, how much is that it may not be in place after a while. Therefore, many prefer to make an antenna for cottages on their own. The cost is minimal, the quality is not bad. And the most important point - the antenna TV can be made in half an hour and then, if necessary, it is easily repeated ...

Digital television in the DVB-T2 format is transmitted in the DMW range, and there is no digital signal, or it is not. If the signal is accepted, the picture is a good quality. Concerning. Any decimeter antenna is suitable for receiving digital television. Many radio amateurs are familiar to Telastanin, which is called "zigzag" or "eight". This TV antenna is collected with their own hands literally in minutes.

To reduce the number of interference from the back of the antenna put a reflector. The distance between the antenna and the reflector is selected experimentally - according to the "purity" pictures
You can attach foil on the glass and get a good signal ....
Copper tube or wire - the optimal version, nits well, easy

It is very simple to do it, the material is any conductive metal: tube, rod, wire, strip, corner. She takes, despite the simplicity, good. It looks like two squares (rhombus) interconnected. In the original, the reflector is located per square - for more confident reception of the signal. But it is more needed for analog signals. To receive digital television, you can easily do without it or then if the reception will be too weak.

Materials

Optimally, a copper or aluminum wire with a diameter of 2-5 mm is suitable for this homemade teleconnenna. In this case, you can do everything literally in an hour. You can also use a tube, a corner, a band of copper or aluminum, but it will be necessary to be some kind of device to extend the framework of the desired form. Wire can be bent with a hammer, consolidating it in the vice.

The coaxial antenna cable of the required length will also be required, the plug is suitable for the connector on your TV, some fastening for the antenna itself. The cable can be taken with the resistance of 75 ohms and 50 ohms (the second option is worse). If there is a TV antenna with your own hands for installation on the street, pay attention to the quality of insulation.

The mount depends on where you are going to hang a homemade antenna for digital television. On the upper floors you can try to use it as home and hang on the curtains. Then the large pins are needed. In the country or if you take homemade teleconnen on the roof, it will be necessary to mount it to the sixth. For this occasion, look for suitable fixators. To work, you will also need a soldering iron, sandpaper and / or file, feet.

Does the calculation need

To receive a digital signal there is no need to consider the wavelength. It is just desirable to make an antenna more broadband - to take as many signals as possible. To do this, some changes are made to the original design (in the photo above) (further in the text).

If you wish, you can make a calculation. To do this, you need to know what the wave the signal is broadcast, divided into 4 and get the desired side of the square. To get the required distance between the two parts of the antenna, make the outdoor side of the rhombuses slightly longer, internal - shorter.

Drawing antenna "Eight" for receiving digital TV

The length of the "inner" side of the rectangle (B2) - 13 cm,
"Outdoor" (B1) - 14 cm.

Due to the difference of the length, the distance between the squares is formed (they should not connect). Two extreme plots are made longer than 1 cm - so that you can turn the loop to which the coaxial antenna cable is soldered.

Frame manufacturing

If you calculate all the lengths, it will turn out 112 cm. Cut off the wire or the material that you have, we take the passatology and a ruler, begin to bend. Corners must be at 90 ° or so. With the lengths of the parties, you can make a little wrong - this is not fatal. It turns out:

The first section is 13 cm + 1 cm on the loop. The loop can be bent immediately.
Two sections of 14 cm.
Two 13 cm, but with a turn in the opposite direction - this is the place of inflection on the second square.
Two 14 cm again.
The latter is 13 cm + 1 cm on the loop.

The actual antenna frame is ready. If everything was done correctly, between two half in the middle it turned out a distance of 1.5-2 cm. There may be small discrepancies. Next, the loops and the location of the inflection are cleaned up to a pure metal (to handle emery with small grain), to fill. Two loops to connect, enhance the passage to keep tight.

Cable preparation

We take an antenna cable, carefully cleaned. How to do this is shown on a step-by-step photo. Clean the cable is needed on both sides. One edge will be attached to the antenna. Here we clean so that the wire is sticking out for 2 cm. If it turned out more, too much (then) can be cut off. Screen (foil) and braid twisted in the harness. It turned out two conductors. One is central cable monashed, the second - twisted from a variety of braid wiring. Both are needed and they must be fed.

To the second edge, we swell the plug. There is enough length of 1 cm or so. Also form two conductors, fill.

The plug in those places where we will carry out the soldering, wipe with alcohol or solvent, clean the essay (you can nadfil). To put on the plastic part of the plug on the cable, you can now start a soldering. To the central revenue of the plug, we solder mono-coat, to the side - stranded twist. Last - enhance the capture around isolation.

Then you can simply turn the plastic tip, in can be poured with glue or a tok-cutting sealant (this is important). While the glue / sealant is not frozen, we quickly collect the plug (screw the plastic part), we remove the excess composition. So the plug will be almost eternal.

DVB-T2 TV antenna do it yourself: assembly

Now it remains to connect the cable and frame. Since we did not bind to a specific channel, we will fasten the cable to the midpoint. This will increase the broadband of the antenna - there will be more channels. Therefore, the second divided end of the cable solder to the two sides in the middle (those that cleaned and Ludili). Another difference from the "original version" - the cable is not necessary to circle on the frame and fall at the bottom. This will also expand the reception range.

The collected antenna can be checked. If the reception is normal, you can finish the assembly - pour the place of soldering sealant. If the reception is bad, try to start finding a place where it is best. If there are no positive changes, you can try to replace the cable. For ease of experiment, you can use the usual phone noodle. She is worth a penny. It is soldered to her plug and frame. Try with her. If "catches" is better - it's a bad cable. In principle, you can work on "noodle", but not long - it will quickly come into disrepair. Better, of course, put a normal antenna cable.

To protect the place of connecting the cable and the frame of the antenna from atmospheric influences, the place of the soldering can be cooled by the usual tape. But this is a way unreliable. If you don't forget, you can put out several shrink tubes before soldering, so that with their help to be insulated. But the most reliable way is to pour everything with glue or sealant (they should not carry out the current). As a "hull", it is possible to use covers for 5-6 liter cylinders with water, ordinary plastic roofs per cans, etc. In the right places, we make a deepening - the frame "smallele" in them, do not forget about the cable output. Fill the sealing composition, we wait until it grab. All, the TV antenna do it yourself for receiving digital television is ready.

Homemade Antenna Double and Triple Square

This is a narrowband antenna that is used if you need a weak signal. It can even help if a weaker signal is "clogged" more powerful. The only drawback is needed an accurate orientation to the source. The same design can be done to take digital television.

You can make five frames - for more confident reception
Painting or varnishing undesirable - the reception is worse. This is possible only in close proximity to the transmitter

The advantages of this design - the reception will be confident even at a considerable distance from the repeater. It will only be necessary to specifically find out the broadcast frequency, withstand the size of the framework and the matching device.

Design and materials

Make it from tubes or wire:

1-5 TV Channel MV range - tube (copper, brass, aluminum) with a diameter of 10-20 mm;
6-12 TV Channel MV range - tubes (copper, brass, aluminum) 8-15 mm;
DMB range - copper or brass wire with a diameter of 3-6 mm.

The antenna is a double square represents two frames connected by two arrows - top and bottom. Little frame - vibrator, large - reflector. Antenna consisting of three frames gives a greater gain. The third, smallest, square called the director.

The top arrow connects the middle of the frames, can be made of metal. Lower - from insulating material (textolite, ghettium, wooden plank). The frames should be installed so that their centers (dials of the crossing of diagonals) were on one straight line. And this direct should be sent to the transmitter.

Active frame - Vibrator - has an open circuit. Its ends are screwed to the textolite plate of 30 * 60 mm. If the frames are made from the tube, the edges are flattened, nor do the holes and the lower arrow is fixed through them.

Mast for this antenna should be wooden. In any case, the upper part of it. Moreover, the wooden part should begin at a distance of at least 1.5 meters from the level of the antenna framework.

Dimensions

All sizes for the manufacture of this antenna TV are provided with their own hands in the tables. The first table is for a meter range, the second is for decimeter.

In three-frame antennas, the distance between the ends of the vibrator (medium) frames make more - 50 mm. The remaining sizes are given in the tables.

Connecting an active frame (vibrator) through a short-circuit loop

Since the frame is a symmetric device, and it is necessary to connect it to an asymmetrical coaxial antenna cable, you must match the device. In this case, the symmetric short-circuited loop is usually used. It is made of segments of antenna cable. The right segment is called "Clay", the left - "feeder". The cable, which goes to the TV is attached to the place of connection of the feeder and the plume. The length of the segments is selected based on the wavelength of the received signal (see the table).

A short segment of the wire (loop) is separated from one end, removing the aluminum screen and twisting the braid into a dense harness. Its central conductor can be cut off to isolation, as it does not play values. Seal and feeder. Here, too, remove the aluminum screen and twisted the braid into the harness, but the central conductor remains.

Further assembly is happening:

The brace of the loop and the central feeder conductor are soldered to the left end of the active frame (vibrator).
Fider's braid solder to the right end of the vibrator.
The lower end of the loop (braid) is connected to the feeder braid with a rigid metal jumper (you can use the wire, just ensure good contact with the braid). In addition to electrical connection, it still sets the distance between the sections of the matching device. Instead of a metal jumper, you can be tied to the harness of the bottom of the loop of the lower part of the loop (remove the insulation on this site, delete the screen, fold in the harness). To ensure good contact, the harness is soldered with each other.
Cable pieces must be parallel. The distance between them is about 50 mm (some deviations are possible). Fixators from dielectric material are used to fix the distance. You can also attach the matching device to the textolite plate, for example.
The cable that goes to the TV is soldered to the bottom of the feeder. The braid is connected to the braid, the central conductor with the central conductor. To reduce the number of connections, the feeder and cable to the TV can be made uniform. Only in the place where the feeder must end. It is necessary to remove the isolation so that the jumper can be installed.

This matching device allows you to get rid of the interference, a vague contour, the second blurred image. Especially it is commemorated at a large distance from the transmitter when the signal will be clogged with interference.

Another version of the triple square

In order not to connect a short-circuit loop, the triple square antenna vibrator is elongated. In this case, you can connect the cable directly to the frame as shown in the figure. Only the height on which the antenna wire sold is determined in each case individually. After assembly, the antenna is carried out "tests". Connect the cable to the TV, the central conductor and the braid move up / down, achieving the best image. In that position, where the picture will be the clearer, solder outlets of an antenna cable, the place of the soldering isolate. The position can be any - from the bottom jumper, to the location of the transition to the frame.

Sometimes one antenna does not give the desired effect. The signal is obtained by a weak image - black and white. In this case, the standard solution is to install a television signal amplifier.

The most simple antenna for giving - from metal cans

For the manufacture of this television antenna, except the cable, there will be only two aluminum or tin cans and a piece of a wooden plank or a plastic pipe. Banks must be metallic. You can take beer aluminum, can be tin. The main condition is that the walls are even (not ribbed).

Banks are washed and dried. The end of the coaxial wire is divided - twisting braids and clearing the central core of isolation receive two conductors. They are fixed to banks. If you can, you can solder. No - take two small self-press with flat hats (you can "fleece" for drywall), at the ends of the conductors twist the loop, they have merged with a screw from the washer installed on it, screw to the bank. Just before this it is necessary to clean the metal banks - removing the flare with the help of sandpaper with thin grain.

Banks are fixed on the bar. The distance between them is selected individually - at the best picture. You should not hope for a miracle - in normal quality there will be one or two channels, and maybe there is no ... depends on the position of the repeater, the "purity" of the corridor, how correctly the antenna is oriented ... But as an emergency entry is a great option.

Simple antenna for Wi-Fi from metal cans

The antenna for receiving the Wi-Fi signal can also be made from the girlfriend - from the canning can. This TV antenna can be collected for half an hour. This is if everything is slow. The bank must be made of metal, with even walls. Great and narrow cans are excellent. If you put a homemade antenna on the street, find the jar with a plastic lid (as in the photo). The cable take an antenna, coaxial, resistance of 75 ohms.

In addition to banks and cables, it will be necessary:

rF-N radio frequency connector;
a piece of copper or brass wire with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 40 mm;
cable with a socket suitable for a Wi-Fi map or adapter.

Wi-Fi transmitters operate at a frequency of 2.4 GHz with a long wave of 124 mm. So, it is desirable to choose the bank to choose such that its height is at least 3/4 wavelengths. For a given case, it is better that it be more than 93 mm. The diameter of the jar should be as close as possible to half the wavelength - 62 mm for this channel. Some deviations can be, but the closer to the ideal - the better.

Sizes and assembly

When assembling a jar make a hole. It must be positioned strictly at the desired point. Then the signal will enhance several times. It depends on the diameter of the selected jar. All parameters are shown in the table. Measure exactly the diameter of your jar, find the desired line, have all the desired dimensions.

D - diameter	Lower border of attenuation	Upper border of attenuation	LG.	1/4 LG.	3/4 LG.
73 mm	2407.236	3144.522	752.281	188.070	564.211
74 mm	2374.706	3102.028	534.688	133.672	401.016
75 mm	2343.043	3060.668	440.231	110.057	330.173
76 mm	2312.214	3020.396	384.708	96.177	288.531
77 mm	2282.185	2981.170	347.276	86.819	260.457
78 mm	2252.926	2942.950	319.958	79.989	239.968
79 mm	2224.408	2905.697	298.955	74.738	224.216
80 mm	2196.603	2869.376	282.204	070.551	211.653
81 mm	2169.485	2833.952	268.471	67.117	201.353
82 mm	2143.027	2799.391	256.972	64.243	192.729
83 mm	2117.208	2765.664	247.178	61.794	185.383
84 mm	2092.003	2732.739	238.719	59.679	179.039
85 mm	2067.391	2700.589	231.329	57.832	173.497
86 mm	2043.352	2669.187	224.810	56.202	168.607
87 mm	2019.865	2638.507	219.010	54.752	164.258
88 mm	1996.912	2608.524	213.813	53.453	160.360
89 mm	1974.475	2579.214	209.126	52.281	156.845
90 mm	1952.536	2550.556	204.876	51.219	153.657
91 mm	1931.080	2522.528	201.002	50.250	150.751
92 mm	1910.090	2495.110	197.456	49.364	148.092
93 mm	1889.551	2468.280	194.196	48.549	145.647
94 mm	1869.449	2442.022	191.188	47.797	143.391
95 mm	1849.771	2416.317	188.405	47.101	141.304
96 mm	1830.502	2391.147	185.821	46.455	139.365
97 mm	1811.631	2366.496	183.415	45.853	137.561
98 mm	1793.145	2342.348	181.169	45.292	135.877
99 mm	1775.033	2318.688	179.068	44.767	134.301

The procedure for such:

You can do without RF connector, but everything is much easier with it - it is easier to set the emitter vertically up, connect the cable to the router (router) or Wi-Fi map.

Once a good television antenna was a deficit, buying quality and durability, to put it mildly, did not differ. Make an antenna for the "box" or "coffin" (old lamp TV) with their own hands was considered an indicator of skill. Interest in improvised antennas does not fuss in our day. There is nothing strange here: the conditions for receiving TV changed dramatically, and manufacturers believing that there is nothing significant in the theory of antennas and will not, most often adapt to the long-known designs of electronics, without thinking about the fact that The main thing for any antenna is its interaction with the signal on the air.

What has changed on the air?

Firstly, Almost the entire volume of TV broadcasting is currently carried out in the DMW range. First of all, from economic considerations, the antenna-feeder economy of transmitting stations is much simplified in it, and, more importantly, the need for its regular maintenance by highly qualified specialists engaged in heavy, harmful and dangerous labor.

Second - TV transmitters are now covered by their signal almost increasingly less inhabited locations.A developed communication network provides programs to the most deaf angles. There is a broadcast in the inhabited zone provide low-power mains transmitters.

Third changed the conditions for the distribution of radio waves in cities. On DMW, industrial interference is fascinated, but reinforced concrete high-rise buildings for them are good mirrors, repeatedly reserving the signal up to its complete attenuation in the zone, it would seem confident reception.

Fourth - TV programs on the air are now a lot, dozens and hundreds. As far as many things are diverse and meaningfully - another question, but count on reception 1-2-3 channels now meaningless.

Finally, received digital broadcasting. T2VB T2 signal is special. Where it is still a little bit, by 1.5-2 dB, exceeds noises, the reception is excellent, as if nothing had happened. And a little further or aside - no, as cut off. There is almost no sensitive to the interference "figure", but when mismatching with cable or phase distortion, anywhere in the path, from the camera to the tuner, the picture can crumble in squares and at a strong clean signal.

Requirements for antennam

In accordance with the new conditions of admission, the basic requirements for TV antennas have changed:

Its parameters such as a directional coefficient (CBD) and the coefficient of protective action (KZD) currently determining values \u200b\u200bdo not have: the modern ester is very dirty, and in a tiny lateral petal of the oriental diagram (DN), at least some interference, and breaks, and It is already necessary to fight her by means of electronics.
Instead, its own antenna gain (QU) acquires particular importance. Antenna, well "Own" Ether, and not looking at it through a small hole, will give a power supply of the received signal, allowing electronics to clean it from noise and interference.
Modern television antenna, for the rarest exceptions, should be a range, i.e. Its electrical parameters should be maintained naturally at the level of the theory, and not to be squeezed into an acceptable framework by engineering tricks.
The TV antenna should be coordinated to the cable in the entire operating frequency range without additional approval and symmetrization devices (Iss).
The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the antenna (ACH) must be more smooth. Sharp emissions and failures certainly accompany phase distortion.

The last 3 points are due to the requirements for receiving digital signals. Customized, i.e. Working theoretically at one frequency, the antenna can "stretch" by frequency, for example. The "Wave Channel" type antennas for DMW with an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio capture 21-40 channels. But their coordination with the feeder requires the use of an uss that either strongly absorb the signal (ferrite), or spoil the phase characteristic on the edges of the range (configured). And the "digit" such an antenna perfectly operating on the "analogue" will take badly.

In this regard, from the whole great antenna manifold, in this article there will be considered antennas for the TV, accessible to independent manufacture, the following types:

Frequently dependent (Vesvolovaya) - It does not differ in high parameters, but very simple and cheap, it can be made literally in an hour. Over the city, where the ether is more widely, it will be completely able to take a digit or a fairly powerful analogue not a small distance from television center.
Range baroque. Her, figuratively speaking, you can like the fishing trawl, already when weaving the prey. It is also quite simple, perfectly consistent with the feeder in the entire range, absolutely does not change the parameters in it. TechAparameters are average, so it is more suitable for the cottage, and in the city as a room.
Several modifications of a zigzag antenna, or z-antennas. In the MV range, this is a very solid design that requires a considerable skill and time. But on the DMB, as a result of the principle of geometric similarity (see below), it is so simplified and it is proper, which can be used as a highly efficient room antenna with almost any means of reception.

Note: Z-antenna, if you use the previous analogy - a frequent grade, crouching everything in the water. As the ether suits, it was out of use, but with the development of digital TV, it turned out to be at a horse - in the entire range it is also well coordinated and holds parameters as "speech therapist".

Accurate coordination and symmetrization of almost all the antennas described below is achieved due to the cable laying through the so-called. Point of zero potential. It is subject to special requirements, which will be mentioned below.

On vibratory antennas

In the frequency band of one analog channel can be transferred to several tens of digital. And, as already mentioned, the number works with insignificant signal / noise. Therefore, in very distant from televal, where the signal of one or two channels barely fines, places, for receiving digital TV can be used and an old good wave channel (AVC, antenna wave channel), from the class of vibratory antennas, so that at the end will pay several lines. And she.

About satellite reception

There is no point in doing the satellite antenna itself. The head and tuner should still be bought, and for the outer simplicity of the mirror, the parabolic surface of the oblique fall, which, with the necessary accuracy, can be performed by any industrial enterprise. The only thing on the power of homemade workers is to configure the satellite antenna, about it.

On the parameters of the antennas

The exact definition of the antennas mentioned above requires knowledge of higher mathematics and electrodynamics, but to understand their value, starting the manufacture of antenna, you need. Therefore, we will give a few rude, but still explaining the meaning of the definition (see Fig. Right):

Ku is the ratio of the adopted antenna on the main (main) petal of its DN signal power, to its own power adopted in the same place and at the same frequency of non-directional, with circular, day, antenna.
KND - the ratio of the body angle of the entire sphere to the corporal corner of the opening of the main petal of the DN, as an assumption that its cross section is a circle. If the main petal has different sizes in different planes, it is necessary to compare the area of \u200b\u200bthe sphere and the cross section of the main petal.
KDZD - the ratio of the signal received to the main petal of the signal power to the amount of noise power at the same frequency adopted by all side (rear and side) petals.

Notes:

If the antenna is a range, power is considered at the frequency of the useful signal.

Since absolutely non-directional antennas does not happen, for such a half-life linear dipole, oriented towards the electrical field of the field (by its polarization). It is considered to be equal to 1. TV programs are transmitted with horizontal polarization.

It should be remembered that ku and the CBD are not necessarily interrelated. There are antennas (for example. "Spyware" is a single-conducting antenna of a running wave, an ABB) with a high orientation, but a single or less amplification. These are looking away in the distance through a dioptric sight. On the other hand, there are antennas, for example. Z-antenna, in which a low orientation is combined with significant amplification.

About impropers of manufacture

All elements of the antennas for which the currents of the beneficial signal occur (specifically in the descriptions of individual antennas), should be connected with soldering or welding. In any precast node in the open air, the electric contact will soon break, and the antenna parameters deteriorate sharply, up to its complete disrepair.

This is especially true of zero potential points. In them, as experts say, there is a voltage assembly and duck, i.e. Its greatest value. Current at zero voltage? Nothing amazing. Electrodynamics left Ohm's law on constant current as far as the T-50 from the air serpent.

Places with dots of zero potential for digital antennas are best done bent made of solid metal. A small "creeping" current on welding when taking an analogue in the picture, most likely will not affect. But, if a digit is taken on the border of noise, then the tuner due to the "Crack" may not see the signal. Which, with a clean current in the beacon, would give a stable reception.

About soldering cable

Braid (and the central lived often) modern coaxial cables are made not from copper, but from stubborn to corrosion and inexpensive alloys. They roll badly and, if you warmly warm, you can overheet the cable. Therefore, it is necessary to solder cables with a 40-W soldering iron, a low-melting point and with flux pasta instead of rosin or alcoholifoli. Pastes do not need to regret, the solder immediately spreads through the braid veins only under the boiling flux layer.

Views of antennas

Vsevolovaya

Vesvolovaya (more precisely, frequently dependent, cn) antenna is shown in Fig. It is two triangular metal plates, two wooden slats, and many copper enameled wires. The diameter of the wire value does not have, and the distance between the seams of the wire on the rails is 20-30 mm. The gap between the plates to which other ends of the wire are soldered - 10 mm.

Note: Instead of two metal plates, it is better to take a square from one-sided foil fiberglass in the cut-cut triangles.

The width of the antenna is equal to its height, the opening angle of the canvas is 90 degrees. The cable laying circuit is shown there in Fig. The point marked with yellow is the point of quasi-zero potential. The cable braid in it is not necessary in it, it is not necessary to tight enough to tight, there will be enough containers between the braid and the web.

CNA, stretched in a window with a width of 1.5 m, takes all meter and DCM channels with almost all directions, except for the failure of about 15 degrees in the plane of the canvas. In this, its advantage in places where signals from different television steps are possible, no need to rotate. Disadvantages - single ku and zero KZD, therefore, in the zone of the interference and outside the zone of confident reception, the CNA is not suitable.

Note : There are other types of CNA, for example. in the form of a double logarphymic spiral. It is compacting the CNA of triangular cloths in the same frequency range, so it is sometimes used in the technique. But in everyday life, this advantage does not give, make a spiral chanage more difficult, with coaxial cable, harder, so we do not consider.

Based on the CNA, a very popular once wanted vibrator (horns, flyer, slingshot) was created, see fig. His knd and KDD is about 1.4 with a rather smooth response and linear FFH, so for the figure it would come now. But it works only on MV (1-12 channels), and digital broadcasting goes to DMV. However, on the village, with a lift of 10-12 m, it can be consolidated to receive analogue. Mast 2 can be from any material, but fastening strips 1 - from a good non-filling dielectric: fiberglass or fluoroplast with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

Beer Nobolovka

Vsevolovaya Antenna from beer cans is clearly not the fruit of wary hallucinations of a well-spawn radio amateur. It is really a very good antenna for all cases of reception, you just need to make it right. And extremely simple.

At the heart of its design, the following phenomenon: If you increase the diameter of the shoulder of the ordinary linear vibrator, then the operating bar of its frequencies is expanding, and other parameters remain unchanged. In the long-term radio communications from the 20s, the so-called is used. Dipole Napenenko, based on this principle. And the beer banks are just suitable as the shoulders of the vibrator on the DMW. In essence, CNA and there is a dipole whose shoulders are unlimited expanding to infinity.

The simplest beer vibrator of two cans is suitable for room reception of analogue in the city, even without coordination with the cable, if its length is not more than 2 m, on the left in Fig. And if you collect a vertical syphanit grille from beer dipoles with a pitch to the half-wave (right in Fig.), Coordinate it and check with the help of an amplifier from the Polish antenna (it will be more about it), then thanks to the compression of the main petal of the Vertical Vertical, such an antenna will give and Good ku.

Strengthening "Pivnuhi" can still be increased by adding the KDD at the same time if the screen is made from the grid at a distance equal to half the grid steps. Mounted beer grille on a dielectric mast; Mechanical connections of the screen with mast - also dielectric. The rest is clear from the trail. Fig.

Note: the optimal number of lattice floors is 3-4. With 2 gains in strengthening it will be small, and more difficult to agree with the cable.

Video: Production of the simplest antenna from beer cans

"Setaging"

The logoeriodic antenna (LPA) is a collecting line, to which half of linear dipoles are alternately connected (i.e., pieces of conductor in a quarter of a working wave), the length and the distance between which are changed in geometric progression with the indicator less than 1, in the center in Fig. The line can be both configured (from the CZ on the opposite of the connection of the cable end) and free. LPA on a free (unconfigured) line for receiving the numbers is preferable: it comes out longer, but its frequency response and FCH are smooth, and the coordination with the cable does not depend on the frequency, so we will stop on it.

LPA may be made on any, up to 1-2 GHz, the specified frequency range. When the operating frequency changes, its active region of 1-5 dipole is shifted back and forth to the canvas. Therefore, the closer the progression rate to 1, and, accordingly, less an antenna opening an antenna, the greater the strengthening it will give, but at the same time its length increases. On dmv from the outer LPa, 26 dB can be achieved, and from room - 12 dB.

LPA, can be said, on the totality of the qualities The perfect digital antennaTherefore, we will stop on its calculation several more. The main thing is that it is necessary to know that an increase in the progression rate (Tau in Fig.) Gives an increase in amplification, and the decrease in the angle of disclosing LPA (ALPHA) increases the direction. The screen for LP is not needed, it almost does not affect its parameters.

The calculation of digital LPA has features:

Start it, for the sake of stock in frequency, from the second length of the vibrator.
Then, taking the reverse magnitude of the progression indicator, the longest dipole is calculated.
After the shortest, based on the specified frequency range, dipole, add another one.

Let us explain on the example. Suppose our digital programs are in the range of 21-31 TVK, i.e. in 470-558 MHz in frequency; The wavelengths respectively - 638-537 mm. We also assume that we need to take a weak roaring signal away from the station, so we take the maximum (0.9) progression indicator and the minimum (30 degrees) angle of disclosure. To calculate, it will take half the angle of opening, i.e. 15 degrees in our case. The discontinuity can be further reduced, but the antenna length is prohibitive, according to Kotangent, will increase.

We consider B2 in fig: 638/2 \u003d 319 mm, and the shoulders of the dipole will be 160 mm, you can round up to 1 mm. The calculation will need to lead until it turns out Bn \u003d 537/2 \u003d 269 mm, and then calculate another dipole.

Now we consider A2 as B2 / TG15 \u003d 319 / 0.26795 \u003d 1190 mm. Then, through the progression indicator, A1 and B1: A1 \u003d A2 / 0.9 \u003d 1322 mm; B1 \u003d 319 / 0.9 \u003d 354.5 \u003d 355 mm. Next, in series, starting with B2 and A2, we multiply on the indicator until we do up to 269 mm:

B3 \u003d B2 * 0.9 \u003d 287 mm; A3 \u003d A2 * 0.9 \u003d 1071 mm.
B4 \u003d 258 mm; A4 \u003d 964 mm.

Stop, we have less than 269 mm. We check whether it will be put on strengthening, although it is so clear that there is no: to get 12 dB and more, the distance between dipoles should not exceed 0.1-0.12 wavelengths. In this case, we have for B1 A1-A2 \u003d 1322 - 1190 \u003d 132 mm, and this is 132/638 \u003d 0.21 wavelengths B1. You need to "tighten" the indicator to 1, to 0.93-0.97, so we try different while the first difference A1-A2 is not shrinking twice and more. For a maximum of 26 dB, the distance between dipoles is 0.03-0.05 wavelengths, but at least 2 diameters of the dipole, 3-10 mm per DMV.

Note: the remainder of the line for the shortest dipole, cut, it is only needed for the calculation. Therefore, the real length of the finished antenna will be only about 400 mm. If our LAP is outdoor, it is very good: you can reduce the discontinuity, having gained great direction and protection against interference.

Video: Antenna for digital TV DVB T2

About line and mast

The diameter of the LAP line tubes on the DMW is 8-15 mm; The distance between their axes is 3-4 diameters. We take into account yet that thin cables are "shoelaces" give such attenuation on the meter that all the antenna-amplifying tricks will come to no. Coaxial for the outer antenna must be taken a good, with a diameter of the shell from 6-8 mm. Those., Tubes for the line must be thin-walled solrencies. Touch the cable to line outside it is impossible, the quality of LPA will fall sharply.

It is necessary to mount the outdoor LPA to the mast, of course, for the center of gravity, otherwise the small sailboat of the LPA will turn into a huge and shaking. But it is impossible to connect a metal mast directly with the line too: it is necessary to provide a dielectric insert at least 1.5 m long. The quality of a large role dielectric is not playing here, a poles and painted tree will go.

On the Antenna "Delta"

If DMV LPA is consistent with the cable amplifier (see further, about Polish antennas), then the shoulders of a meter dipole, linear or fan, like "slingshot" can be attached to the line. Then we get a universal MV-DMV antenna of excellent quality. This solution is used in the popular "Delta" antenna, see Fig.

Delta Antenna

Zigzag on the air

The z-antenna with the reflector gives strengthening and the CDDs are the same as LPA, but the main petal of its bottoms is more than twice as wide horizontally. It may be important to the village when there is a TV reception from different directions. And the decimeter z-antenna has small in terms of size, which is essential for room reception. But its working range is theoretically not impaired, overlapping frequency while saving acceptable parameters for numbers - up to 2.7.

The design of the Z-antenna MV is shown in Fig; Red highlighted the path of cable laying. In the same place below - a more compact ring version, in the spaciousness - "Spider". It is clearly clear that the z-antenna was born as a combination of CNA with a range of vibrator; There is something in it from the rhombic antenna, which does not fit into the topic. Yes, the "Spider" ring does not have to be wooden, it may be a metal hoop. "Spider" takes 1-12 mV channels; DN without a reflector - almost circular.

The classic zigzag works or 1-5, or 6-12 channels, but for its manufacture, only wooden rails are needed, the copper enameled wire Cd \u003d 0.6-1.2 mm and a few trimming of foil fiberglass, so we give dimensions through Fraction for 1-5 / 6-12 channels: a \u003d 3400/950 mm, b, C \u003d 1700/450 mm, B \u003d 100/28 mm, B \u003d 300/100 mm. At the point E - zero potential, here you need to solder a braid with a metallized support plate. The dimensions of the reflector, also 1-5 / 6-12: a \u003d 620/175 mm, b \u003d 300/130 mm, r \u003d 3200/900 mm.

Range z-antenna with a reflector gives a 12 dB gain, configured to one channel - 26 dB. To build a single-channel based on the band zigzag, you need to take the side of the square of the canvas in the middle of its width in a quarter of the wavelength and recalculate in proportion to all other dimensions.

People's Zigzag

As you can see, the Z-Antenna MV is a rather complex structure. But her principle shows itself in all shine on the DMW. The Z-Antenna of the DMW with capacitive inserts, combining the dignity of the "classics" and "spider", is so simple that she still has deserved the title of folk, see fig.

Material - copper tube or aluminum leaf thick from 6 mm. Side squares are solid metal or tightened by a grid, or closed with tin. In the last two cases, they need to be sued along the contour. Coaxial can not be changed sharply, so we lead it so that it reaches the side angle, and then did not go beyond the capacitive insert (side square). In t. A (zero potential), the cable braid is electrically connected with the web.

Note: aluminum is not soldered by ordinary solders and fluxes, so aluminum "folk" is suitable for an outdoor installation only after sealing electrical connections with silicone, it is all on the screws.

Video: An example of a double triangular antenna

Wave canal

Antenna Wave Channel (AVC), or antenna Udo-Yagi from available to independent manufacture is able to give the largest ku, CBD and KDD. But it can only take the digit on the DMW only on 1 or 2-3 adjacent channels, because Refers to the class of acutely configured antennas. Its parameters outside the setting frequency deteriorate sharply. AVC is recommended to apply with very bad conditions of reception, and for each TCE to do separate. Fortunately, this is not very difficult - AVK is simple and cheap.

At the heart of WCC - "Sgsh" the electromagnetic field (EMF) signal to the active vibrator. Externally, small, light, with minimal sailboat, AVC may have an effective aperture in tens of operating frequency waves. Cropped and therefore having an capacitive impedance (full resistance) directors (director) direct EMF to an active vibrator, and the reflector (reflector), elongated, with inductive impedance, discarded something that slipped past. The reflector in AVC is needed only 1, but directors can be from 1 to 20 or more. What they are more, the higher the strengthening of AVK, but already the band of its frequencies.

From interaction with the reflector and directors, the wave resistance of the active (from which the signal is removed) the vibrator falls the more, the closer to the maximum gain the antenna is configured, and the coordination with the cable is lost. Therefore, the active dipole AVC is made by loop, its initial wave resistance is not 73 ohms, like a linear, and 300 ohms. At the cost of its decline to 75 ohms AVK with three directors (five-element, see fig. Right) It is possible to configure almost the maximum gain of 26 dB. Characteristic for AVC DN in the horizontal plane is shown in Fig. At the beginning of the article.

The elements of AVC are connected to the arrow at the points of zero potential, so the mast and boom can be any. Propylene pipes are very well suited.

The calculation and setting of AVK under analogue and the figure are somewhat different. Under the analogue of the wave channel, it is necessary to count on the carrier frequency of the image FD, and under the figure - on the middle of the TWEC FC spectrum. Why so - here to explain, unfortunately, there is no place. For the 21st TVK FD \u003d 471.25 MHz; FC \u003d 474 MHz. The DMW TDC is located close to each other after 8 MHz, so their configuration frequencies for AVC are calculated simply: fn \u003d fd / fc (21 TVK) + 8 (N - 21), where N is the number of the desired channel. Eg For 39 TVK FD \u003d 615.25 MHz, and fc \u003d 610 MHz.

In order not to record the set of numbers, it is convenient to express the size of AVC in the fractions of the working wave length (it is considered as l \u003d 300 / f, MHz). The wavelength is made to designate a small Greek letter of the lambda, but because there is no default in the Internet of the Greek alphabet, we conventionally denote by her big Russian L.

Sizes optimized under the figure of AVC, in fig. Such:

P \u003d 0.52l.
B \u003d 0.49l.
D1 \u003d 0.46l.
D2 \u003d 0.44l.
D3 \u003d 0.43l.
a \u003d 0.18l.
b \u003d 0.12l.
c \u003d d \u003d 0.1l.

If you do not need a big gain, but it is more important to reduce the dimensions of AVK, then D2 and D3 can be removed. All vibrators are performed from a tube or a rod with a diameter of 30-40 mm for 1-5 TVK, 16-20 mm for 6-12 TVs and 10-12 mm per DMV.

AVC requires accurate agreement with the cable. It is the negligent fulfillment of the device for coordination and symmetrization (ICS), most of the failures of lovers are explained. The simplest UCU for AVK - U-loop from the same coaxial cable. Its design is clear from fig. on right. The distance between the signal terminals 1-1 140 mm for 1-5 TVK, 90 mm for 6-12 TVs and 60 mm per DMV.

Theoretically, the length of the knee L should be half the length of the working wave, and this is central to most publications on the Internet. But the EMF in the U-loop is concentrated inside the insulation of the cable, so it is necessary (for the figure it is especially necessary) to take into account its shortening coefficient. For 75-ohm coaxials, it fluctuates in the range of 1.41-1.51, i.e. l You need to take from 0.355 to 0.330 wavelengths, and take sure that AVK was AVK, and not a set of glands. The exact value of the shortening coefficient is always in the Cable certificate.

Recently, the domestic industry began to produce redirected AVC for numbers, see fig. Idea, I must say, excellent: Moving elements on arrows, you can accurately configure an antenna for local reception conditions. Better, of course, to make this specialist - the elemental setting of AVC is interdependent, and the amateur is certainly confused.

About "Poles" and amplifiers

Many users have Polish antennas, previously adopted analogue, the digit to take refuse - rushes, or even disappears. The reason, I apologize, a sick-commercial approach to electrodynamics. Sometimes sometimes it happens for colleagues that slept such a "miracle": the response and FFH are similar to the hedgehog-psoriaznik, or a horsepior comb with broken teeth.

The only thing that is good in the "Poles" is their antenna amplifiers. Actually, they do not give SIM products to sneak. Amplifiers "Schek", firstly, broadband low-noise. And, more importantly - with high-resistance. This allows for the same tension of the EMF signal on the air to submit to the input of the tuner several times more of its power, which allows the electronics to "pull out" the figure from very ugly noise. In addition, due to the large input resistance, the Polish amplifier is the perfect UCU for any antennas: that neither cling to the entrance, at the exit - exactly 75 ohms without reflects and spinning.

However, with a very bad signal, outside the zone of confident reception, the Polish amplifier no longer pulls. It is supplied to it on the cable, and the diet is taking a 2-3 dB signal-to-noise relationship, which can not be enough for the figure to go to the outback itself. Here you need a good TV signal amplifier with separate meals. It will most likely be located, near the tuner, and the UCU for antenna, if required, will have to do separately.

The scheme of such an amplifier, which showed almost 100% repeatability even when performing novice radio amateurs, is shown in Fig. Adjusting gain - P1 potentiometer. Throtes of junction L3 and L4 - standard purchased. Coils L1 and L2 are performed in size on the mounting scheme on the right. They are part of the bandwidth filters of the signal, so small deviations of their inductance are not critical.

What has changed on the air?

Fourth - TV programs on the air are now a lot, dozens and hundreds. As far as many things are diverse and meaningfully - another question, but count on reception 1-2-3 channels now meaningless.

Requirements for antennam

In accordance with the new conditions of admission, the basic requirements for TV antennas have changed:

Its parameters such as a directional coefficient (CBD) and the coefficient of protective action (KZD) currently determining values \u200b\u200bdo not have: the modern ester is very dirty, and in a tiny lateral petal of the oriental diagram (DN), at least some interference, and breaks, and It is already necessary to fight her by means of electronics.
Instead, its own antenna gain (QU) acquires particular importance. Antenna, well "Own" Ether, and not looking at it through a small hole, will give a power supply of the received signal, allowing electronics to clean it from noise and interference.
Modern television antenna, for the rarest exceptions, should be a range, i.e. Its electrical parameters should be maintained naturally at the level of the theory, and not to be squeezed into an acceptable framework by engineering tricks.
The TV antenna should be coordinated to the cable in the entire operating frequency range without additional approval and symmetrization devices (Iss).
The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the antenna (ACH) must be more smooth. Sharp emissions and failures certainly accompany phase distortion.

In this regard, from the whole great antenna manifold, in this article there will be considered antennas for the TV, accessible to independent manufacture, the following types:

Frequently dependent (Vesvolovaya) - It does not differ in high parameters, but very simple and cheap, it can be made literally in an hour. Over the city, where the ether is more widely, it will be completely able to take a digit or a fairly powerful analogue not a small distance from television center.
Range baroque. Her, figuratively speaking, you can like the fishing trawl, already when weaving the prey. It is also quite simple, perfectly consistent with the feeder in the entire range, absolutely does not change the parameters in it. TechAparameters are average, so it is more suitable for the cottage, and in the city as a room.
Several modifications of a zigzag antenna, or z-antennas. In the MV range, this is a very solid design that requires a considerable skill and time. But on the DMB, as a result of the principle of geometric similarity (see below), it is so simplified and it is proper, which can be used as a highly efficient room antenna with almost any means of reception.

Note: Z-antenna, if you use the previous analogy - a frequent grade, crouching everything in the water. As the ether suits, it was out of use, but with the development of digital TV, it turned out to be at a horse - in the entire range it is also well coordinated and holds parameters as "speech therapist".

On vibratory antennas

About satellite reception

There is no point in doing the satellite antenna itself. The head and tuner should still be bought, and for the outer simplicity of the mirror, the parabolic surface of the oblique fall, which, with the necessary accuracy, can be performed by any industrial enterprise. The only thing on the power of homemade is to set up a satellite antenna, read about it here.

On the parameters of the antennas

To the definition of antenna parameters

Ku is the ratio of the adopted antenna on the main (main) petal of its DN signal power, to its own power adopted in the same place and at the same frequency of non-directional, with circular, day, antenna.
KND - the ratio of the body angle of the entire sphere to the corporal corner of the opening of the main petal of the DN, as an assumption that its cross section is a circle. If the main petal has different sizes in different planes, it is necessary to compare the area of \u200b\u200bthe sphere and the cross section of the main petal.
KDZD - the ratio of the signal received to the main petal of the signal power to the amount of noise power at the same frequency adopted by all side (rear and side) petals.

Notes:

If the antenna is a range, power is considered at the frequency of the useful signal.
Since absolutely non-directional antennas does not happen, for such a half-life linear dipole, oriented towards the electrical field of the field (by its polarization). It is considered to be equal to 1. TV programs are transmitted with horizontal polarization.

About impropers of manufacture

About soldering cable

Frequently dependent antenna with horizontal polarization

Views of antennas
Vsevolovaya

Note: Instead of two metal plates, it is better to take a square from one-sided foil fiberglass in the cut-cut triangles.

Note: There are other types of CNA, for example. in the form of a double logarphymic spiral. It is compacting the CNA of triangular cloths in the same frequency range, so it is sometimes used in the technique. But in everyday life, this advantage does not give, make a spiral chanage more difficult, with coaxial cable, harder, so we do not consider.

Faper vibrator for receiving MV TV

Beer Nobolovka

Basket Antennas

Syphase lattice of beer dipoles

Note:the optimal number of lattice floors is 3-4. With 2 gains in strengthening it will be small, and more difficult to agree with the cable.

"Setaging"

Design of the logooriodic antenna

The calculation of digital LPA has features:

Start it, for the sake of stock in frequency, from the second length of the vibrator.
Then, taking the reverse magnitude of the progression indicator, the longest dipole is calculated.
After the shortest, based on the specified frequency range, dipole, add another one.

B3 \u003d B2 * 0.9 \u003d 287 mm; A3 \u003d A2 * 0.9 \u003d 1071 mm.
B4 \u003d 258 mm; A4 \u003d 964 mm.

Note: The remainder of the line for the shortest dipole, cut, it is only needed for the calculation. Therefore, the real length of the finished antenna will be only about 400 mm. If our LAP is outdoor, it is very good: you can reduce the discontinuity, having gained great direction and protection against interference.

Video: Antenna for digital TV DVB T2

About line and mast

On the Antenna "Delta"

Delta Antenna

Zigzag on the air

Z-Antenna MV

People's Zigzag

People's DMB Antenna

Note: Aluminum is not soldered by ordinary solders and fluxes, so aluminum "folk" is suitable for an outdoor installation only after sealing electrical connections with silicone, it is all on the screws.

Video: An example of a double triangular antenna

Wave canal

Antenna wave canal

The elements of AVC are connected to the arrow at the points of zero potential, so the mast and boom can be any. Propylene pipes are very well suited.

Sizes optimized under the figure of AVC, in fig. Such:

U-loop: USS for AVK

P \u003d 0.52l.
B \u003d 0.49l.
D1 \u003d 0.46l.
D2 \u003d 0.44l.
D3 \u003d 0.43l.
a \u003d 0.18l.
b \u003d 0.12l.
c \u003d d \u003d 0.1l.

AVK for digital TV

About "Poles" and amplifiers

TV amplifier DMV

However, the mounting (configuration) of the installation must be observed for sure! And the metal screen (Metal Shield), separating the output chains from other schemes, is also required.

Where to begin?

We hope that experienced wizards will find a certain amount of information useful information in this article. And beginners, not yet feeling the air, it is best to start with the beer antenna. The author of the article, by no means an amateur in this field, at one time was quite surprised: the simplest "beer" with ferrite agreement, as it turned out, and MV takes no worse than the "slingshot". And what should be done and the other - see text.

High-quality antennas have always been difficult to get - the Soviet industry has practically did not release them, so people themselves made them from the remedies. Today, the situation has practically not changed - in stores you can find only light aluminum Chinese crafts, which do not show good results and rarely live more than a year. What if you like to watch TV, but there is no high-quality reception? The answer is simple -If there is free time and a pair of skillful hands, everyone can cope with this.

Most recently, analog television operated in Russia, but now almost the whole country has moved to digital broadcasting. Its main difference is that it works in the decimeter range.

Create a homemade antenna for a digital range can be at home

This was done for reasons of savings and security - care for transmitting antenna-feeder stations is in fact not required, their maintenance is minimized, harm from contact with powerful transmitters for masters is minimal. But such stations have one serious drawback - low power. And if the big city often can be caught even on the segment of copper wire, then the reception can be found from the transmitter it may be difficult. If you live outside the city, in remote areas or villages, you will have to assemble your own antenna and take it out to catch the desired signal.

Attention:the problem with the signal may occur even in the city center. Decimeter waves are practically not joined by other sources, but are reflected from thick reinforced concrete walls. In modern high-rise buildings there are many places where they completely fade, not reaching the TV receiver.

It is also worth noting that the DVB-T2 (new standard television) offers a rather permanent, but weak signal. When noise levels per one and a half-two units above the standard, the TV clearly reproduces the ether, but as soon as the noise exceeds 2 dB. The signal completely disappears. Digital television is not sensitive to electromagnetic interference - it does not knock off the working refrigerator or microwave. But if the system arises mismatch anywhere, then the picture stops or scatters. Qualitysolve this problem but in some cases it will have to withdraw to the street or on the roof.

Basic Requirements for Antennas

The standards for television operating in the USSR are not suitable for modern realities - the coefficients of the protective and directional action today practically do not affect signals. Ether in cities are scored and contains a lot of dirt, so you should not pay attention to these coefficients. You are guaranteed to get interference on any antennas, so you do not need to achieve a decrease in the CDD and CBD. It is better to improve the antenna gain factor so that it takes the large range of ether and highlight the desired flow, and not focused on a certain signal. The processor of the prefix or TV will delete the necessary signals and create a normal picture.

Classical Polish antenna with amplifier

So, Experienced engineers are recommended to build range antennas. They must be correctly calculated, taking signals to the classic way, and not at the expense of engineering "optimizations" and traps. The perfect option - the device fully meets theoretical calculations and geometry. Also, the built antenna must agree with the cable on the working ranges without the use of coordinating devices. Ahh, at the same time, it is best to create a smooth and smooth, because when the amplitude-frequency response failure or jumping, phase distortions appear.

Attention:analog antennas with ferrite CSS, providing a full reception of an old signal, practically do not work with DVB. You need to build a "digital" antenna.

In the article we will analyze modern types of antennas working with a new digital broadcasting.

Types of antennas

What antennas for digital tv do it yourself Can you collect at home? There are three most common options:

Vesvolovaya, or as radio amateurs call it - frequency dependent. Collecting very quickly, does not require high knowledge or specialized tools. Well suited for the private sector, towns, country cooperatives - where the ether is not clogged with garbage, but not in a large distance from the transmitter.
Logoeriodic range. It has a simple design, it takes a good signal at close and middle removal from the transmitter. It can be used as a remote if the transmitter is located away, or as a home wall antenna.
Z-antenna and its variations. Many radio amateurs are familiar with the meter "zeschi" - they are rather large and require a lot of effort to build. But in the decimeter range they are quite compact and coped well with their responsibilities.

Nuances Building

If you want to build a high-quality antenna, you should own the art of soldering. You can not twist contacts and guides - during operation they are oxidized, the signal is lost, the picture quality deteriorates. Therefore, all connections are soldered.

Such connections are not allowed - be sure to disappear them

You also need to deal with the points of zero potential, in which currents occur even in the absence of voltage. Experts recommend to make them from a single piece of metal, without applying welding at all. Even qualitatively welded pieces can noise on the boundary values, while the whole strip "will pull out" the signal.

Also when creatinghomemade antenna for digital TV you need to deal with soldering cables. Today, copper is practically no applied for braid, since it is expensive and quickly oxidized. Modern braid is made of steel, which is not afraid of corrosion, but it soldes very badly. It can not be overheated or challenged. For a connection, use 36-40 watts, flux and light solders. Fuck the winding well and apply solder - it is perfectly taken with this method of application.

Vsevolovaya Antenna

Vsevolovaya Antenna has a fairly simple design. It consists of triangles, copper wires and wooden plates. You can learn more detailed design in the picture - it does not constitute something supernatural.

Wire thickness can be any distance between adjacent wires - 25-30 mm, the distance between the plates is not more than 10 mm. You can improve the design due to the failure of the plates and the use of the textolite. He needs to give an appropriate form or simply remove the copper foil in the form of a triangle.

The remaining proportions are standard - the height of the device must coincide with the width, the plate diverges at right angles. Zero potential is on the extreme linetV home antenna , just at the intersection of the cable with a vertical guide. To avoid losses of quality, the cable must be attached to the screed - this is enough to match. A similar antenna, posted on the street or aimed at the window, takes actually the entire frequency range, but has a small failure, so you need to set the right angle when the antenna is fixed.

By the way, this design can be upgraded using conventional aluminum cans from beer and cola. The principle of its action is as follows: with an increase in the scope of the shoulders, the working strip occurs, although the remaining indicators remain in the original limits. In the same principle, Dadnanenko's dipole works, often used in military developments. Aluminum banks are ideal in shape and sizes, creating a vibrator shoulders in the decimeter range.

Two-dollar antenna for TV

Create a simple cannon antenna can simply have two banks to the cable. Thisroom antenna for television with their own hands Suitable for viewing channels on a small average distance from transmitters. You do not need to coordinate in this scheme, especially if the cable length is less than 2 meters.

It is possible to complicate the design, collecting from eight cans a full-fledged grille and using an amplifier from a conventional Polish antenna. Such a design is perfect for hanging on the street in distant areas from the transmitter. To enhance the signal from the back of the design, you can place a metal grid.

Z-antenna

There are complex designs of Z-antennas with several contours, but in most cases they are not needed. You can easily assemble the design of a conventional copper wire with a thickness of 3 mm. If you do not have it, then just buy a single-core copper wire for 3 mm long in 120 mm - it is enough for you to work. This design consists of two segments. Gîte-Wire in such a scheme:

Starting plot of 14 centimeters long. Its edge is bent into the loop for connecting with the last (loop 1 cm, the total length of the first piece is 13 cm).
The second piece is bended at 90 degrees (bend better than pliers to observe the angles). Its length is 14 cm.
The third piece bends under 90 degrees parallel to the first, length 14 cm.
The fourth and fifth pieces are 13 cm, the bend does not reach the loop by 2 cm.
The sixth and seventh piece of 14 cm, bend under 90 degrees.
The eighth - returns to the loop, length 14, 1 cm leaves for a new loop.

Next you need to clean the two loops well and solder them. The opposite corner is also cleared. Cable contacts are soldered to them - to one central, to the second - braid. Differences to which contact to solder, no. It is advisable to plunge places, it is possible to use sealants or heat melting glue. The ends of the cable are soldered to the plug and are also isolated by the cambrick.

You can collect such an antenna in half an hour

To avoid the offset of the segments, the edges can be strengthened. To do this, take a conventional plastic cover with a five-liter bottle, cut 4 slots in it so that the wire is blending to the base. Fifth hole cut down under the cable. Then put an antenna into the lid (after checking the quality and reliability of the soldering), and fill it with a thermoclayer. The resulting design will be almost eternal - it is able to take a steady signal at a distance of up to 10 km from the source.

So you already knowwhat can be used instead of an antenna for the TV. In fact, the designs are much more than those that we described, but even these will be enough for you. If you live far from the source of the signal, then you will need reinforcing antennas - you can do the classical "poll" with strengthening. Well, if with the ether, everything is bad, then use satellites.

In times of huge tube TVs, a good antenna for high-quality reception of analog television was shortage. Those that could be bought in stores were not distinguished by high quality. Therefore, people made television antennas DMW with their own hands. Today, many are interested in self-made devices. And even then, when digital technologies are completely and nearby, this interest does not fuss.

Digital Era

This era touched upon television. Today, the broadcasting T2 is particularly developed. It has its own characteristics. In those places where the signal level is slightly exceeding the interference, it turns out enough high-quality reception. Further signal is simply not. The digital interference signal is nicking, however, in the situation of mismatching cable or various phase distortions, almost anywhere in the transmitting or receiving path, the picture can go squares even at a strong signal level.

There were other changes in modern television. So, all broadcasting is conducted in the DMB range, the transmitters have a good coating. The conditions for which radio waves apply to cities have changed strongly.

Antenna parameters

Before making manufacture, you need to define some parameters of these structures. Of course, they require in-depth knowledge in various fields of mathematics, as well as the laws of electrodynamics.

So, the gain coefficient is called the power ratio at the input of the reference system to the strength at the input of the antenna used. All this will act if each of the antennas creates the values \u200b\u200bof the strength and density of the stream with the same parameters. The value of this coefficient is dimensionless.

The directional coefficient is the attitude of the field strength, which creates an antenna, to the field strength in any directions.

It is necessary to remember that such parameters like KU and KND are not interconnected. There is an antenna dmv for digital TV, which has a very high orientation. However, the gain is small. These structures are directed away. There are also structures with high ordeal. Here it comes in combination with a very powerful level of amplification.

Today you can not look for formulas, but take advantage of special programs. They already take into account all the necessary parameters. You only have to enter some conditions - and you will get the full calculation of the DMW antenna to then collect it.

Nuances of manufacture

Any design element in which the signal current flows should be connected using a soldering iron or a welding machine. Such a node, if it is in the open air, suffers from contact violation. From this, various parameters of the antennas and the level of reception can be much worse.

This is especially true of points with zero potentials. According to experts, they can observe the tension, as well as the flow rate. To be more accurate, then this is the maximum current value. Does it have it at zero stresses? No wonder.

Such places are best made from solid metal. Clear currents are unlikely to affect the picture if the connections are welding. However, due to their presence, the signal may disappear.

How and what to solder?

DMW antenna with his own hands is not very simply made. This implies work with a soldering iron. Modern TV cable manufacturers no longer make it copper. Now there is an inexpensive alloy, resistant to corrosion. These materials are difficult to roll. And if they have a long time to warm them, there is a risk of fluid cable.

Specialists recommend using low-power solders, low-melting solders, as well as fluxes. Do not regret the paste when soldering. Solder will fall correctly only if it is under the layer of boiling flux.

Fishing T2.

In order to enjoy digital television, it is enough to purchase a special tuner. But it does not have a built-in antenna. And those that are offered as special digital, too expensive and meaningless.

Now we will learn how to catch T2 on a fully homemade design. The homemade antenna DMV is simple, cheap, efficiently. Try yourself.

The easiest antenna

To collect this design, you will not need to even go to the store. For the manufacture of its enough ordinary antenna cable. It is necessary to 530 mm wires for the ring and 175 mm, from which the loop will be made.

The TV antenna itself is a ring from the cable. Ends need to be cleaned and then combined with loop. And to the latter you need to solder a cable that connects to Tuner T2. So, on the ring, the screen and the central lived jointly connected to the loop screens. On the last central cores are also connected. And the cable to the tune is sold to the screen and central dwelling.

So it turned out an antenna DMV, with his own hands made. It was very cheap and practical design. And it works no worse than expensive shopping options. It must be fixed on plywood or plexiglass. For this purpose, construction clamps are perfect.

"People's" antenna

This design is an aluminum disc. The outer diameter of the element should be 365 mm, and internal - 170 mm. The disk must have a thickness of 1 mm. Previously need to do in disk propyl (10 mm wide). In place, where I propyl, you should set a printed circuit board from the textolite. It should be a thickness of 1 mm.

The board must have holes for the screws of the MH. The board must be glued to the disk. Then you need to solder cable conclusions. The central core should be soldered to one side of the disk, the screen to another. As for quality, such a TV antenna will take better with two discs, especially if it is far from the television repeater.

Universal antenna

For the manufacture of this design, nothing supernatural will be used. We will make it from various girlfriends. However, even though it is self-made, but will work perfectly in the entire decimeter range. So, this antenna DMV, with his own hands, quickly made, is not inferior to shopping, more expensive designs. To receive T2, it is completely enough.

So, to collect this design, you will need empty cans from canned or beer. You need 2 banks with a diameter of 7.5 cm. The length of each - 9.5 cm. You also need to be stockpons of a strip of textolite or getynaks, be sure to with foil.

Our banks need to be combined with stripes of textolite using a soldering iron. The plate of this material that will connect the containers at the top should have a solid copper foil coating. On the lower plate foil should be cut. This is done for convenient cable connection.

It is necessary to collect a design so that the total length is not less than 25 cm. This antenna (DMV-band) is a broadband symmetric vibrator. Due to its surface area, it has large gain coefficients.

If suddenly you cannot find suitable banks, you can use a container with a smaller diameter. However, then the foil will have to cut on the upper connecting plate.

"Beer" antenna

Do you like to drink beer? Do not throw away banks. Of these, you can make a good antenna. For this you need to fix two beer banks on any dielectric material.

First you need to choose a suitable cable, and then bring it to mind. For this, the cable must be cleaned. You will see the shielding foil. Under it will be a protective layer. But under it and you can observe the cable directly.

For our antenna, it is necessary to clean up the top layer of this wire for about 10 cm. Foil must be carefully spinning so that in the end it turned out a branch. The protective layer for the central core must be cleaned by 1 cm.

On the other hand, the cable needs to solder the TV plug. If you were a subscriber of cable networks, then this item and the cable do not have to even separately.

Now as for cans. It is advisable to use 1 liter beer containers. However, good German beer in such banks is expensive, and the domestic does not sell.

Banks need to scold very carefully. Then you need to free the container from the content, and after dry well. Next, you should connect our screen on the cable and the jar. To the second you need to fasten the central core.

For higher quality, the image is better to connect the containers and the cable using the finger.

Secure banks are necessary on any dielectric material. It is necessary to consider that they should be located on one straight line. The distance between them depends on the tank. All this is selected only by an experimental way.

Zigzag

Zigzag antenna DMV has the most simple design. Detail of broadband. The device allows you to allow various deviations from the source calculated parameters. At the same time, the electrical parameters are almost not disturbed.

Its input resistance in a specific range depends on what sizes will be conductors that will form the basis of the canvas. The addiction is observed here. The greater the width or thickness of the conductors, the better the antenna with the feeder will be agreed. In general, any conductors can use for the manufacture of the cloth. For this, the plates and tubes, and corners, and much more are suitable.

In order to increase the direction of such an antenna, it is permissible to use a flat screen that will play the role of the reflector. The latter will reflect high frequency energy towards the antenna. Such screens often have serious dimensions, and the phase depends mainly on the distance.

From the practical side, the reflector only in rare cases is performed from a solid sheet metal. It is more often made in the form of conductors, which are connected in the same plane. From constructive considerations should not be made too tight screen. The conductors from which the screen itself will be performed are joined by welding or soldering to a metal frame.

This design is very simply made. It works well in the DMW range. In the USSR, it was a real folk indispensable model. It has small sizes, so it can be used as a room antenna DMV.

The material will serve copper tubes or an aluminum sheet. Side parts can be made of solid metal. Often they are tightened with a grid or closed with tin. If one of the specified methods is used, in this case, the design must come across the contour.

The cable can not bend sharply. How to spend this element, you can look at the presented pictures.

It must be kept in such a way that it reaches the side angle, but did not go beyond the antenna or side square.

Room antenna MV DMW

This design is designed for easy and confident reception of digital television signals. It can be made easily and very quickly. To do this, you will need an aluminum or copper rod. It should be up to 1800 mm. This antenna can also be used as an outdoor.

The design is a frame in the form of a rhombus. There must be two. One performs the role of the vibrator, the second works as a reflector. To receive T2, it is necessary that the side of our rhombus makes approximately 140 mm, and the distance between them was 100 mm.

After the frame is made, and the design will gain rigidity, a dielectric is mounted between the two ends of our rod. This can be anything. Form and dimensions are absolutely not important. The distance between two points of the rods should be about 20 mm. Top parts of our rhombuses need to be connected.

Feeder can be made of cable. It must be connected to brass or copper petals, which must be fixed on the output of the antenna.

If the resulting structure does not match your expectations, for example, weak reception quality or repeater is far away, you can provide antenna amplifier, and as a result, the active DMW antenna will be obtained. It is used both in the city and in the country.

The most simple FMW Frame Antenna

This design resembles the digit "zero". By the way, it is the coefficient of its strengthening. It is ideal for t2 reception. This item is capable of working better than that products that are offered in stores.

It is also called digital, because with the help of it you can ideally catch digital broadcasting. It is a narrowband, and this is a significant advantage. It works on the principle of the selective valve, which allows us to talk about reliable protection against interference.

The assembly will require an ordinary coaxial cable with a resistance of 75 ohms, as well as a regular television plug. Better from all options choose a cable with a large diameter. As a stand, you can use a box of cardboard or anything else.

What length is the frame, we determine using programs for calculating the antennas parameters. The material for the manufacture of the frame can be used the same as in the cable. By the way, for calculations you need to know the frequency of digital broadcasting in your city.

The central cable live in the frame design is not needed. The stripped wire twists with the residential and braid frame. Then this connection must be sued.

The design must be arranged on a dielectric base. It is better to keep her away from your tuner. It is important that there is no voltage in the antenna input.

So, we found out how the antenna DMW is done with their own hands. As you can see, it is not such a difficult task. But now you can watch your favorite TV shows in digital quality. And this design is installed in the same way as the usual shop on the roof. You can use screws or a bolted connection. It should be installed in a safe place so that during the winds of the wind it does not fly together with the slate piece. It is desirable that the antenna is attached at the maximum height. Thus, you eliminate the appearance of interference while the cable or digital television is displayed.