For the rapid and error-free determination of the appointment of ammunition, their calibers and other basic characteristics necessary for the correct configuration and operation, markings, painting and marking of ammunition are used.

Data on the manufacture of projectile housing, sleeve, fuse, ignition tools are applied in the form of stamps, and information about the type and equipment of the projectile, the manufacture of gunpowder and combat charge are applied in the form of marking and distinctive painting.

Brand

Stamps call signs (letters, numbers), extruded or knocked out on the outer surface of shells, fuses or tubes, sleeves and inflammation means.

Artillery shells have basic and duplicate stamps (Fig. 1).

The main stamps include signs showing the number of the plant 3, the number of the party 4 and the year of manufacture 5 , Corps (bottom) of the projectile, Metal Melting Room 1, Stack of Technical Control Department of the Plant 6, Stamp Military Representative Grau 8 and Brinel Sample Print 2.

The stamps are applied on the outer surface of the projectile by the manufacturer in accordance with the drawing. Their location can be different and depends on the caliber of the projectile, metal and the design of its shell.

If the projectile has a screw head or a screw bottom, then the factory number, the party and the year of manufacture of these elements are applied to them.

On the armorbeat-tracing projectiles, the number of the party, the stigma of the OTP and the stamp of the warfold is put on the leading belt. This is explained by the fact that these stamps are applied after thermal processing of the case. Duplicate stimples are applied at factories producing equipment equipment, and serve in case of loss of marking. These include: cipher explosive (smoke-forming) substance 7, which is equipped with a projectile, and weight (ballistic) signs 9.

The meaning of the brand on the mines is the same as on artillery shells.

They are located on the tail and on the pipe stabilizer.

Stamps on combat and rocket parts and pyrosides of reactive shells in content and meaning are not different from the stamps of shells and min.

The stamps on the fuses and tubes (Fig. 2) indicate:

· The brand of the fuse 1 (installed abbreviated name);

· Factory cipher 2 (number or initial letters);

· Production room number 3;

· Year of manufacture 4.

In addition, the rings of pyrotechnic remote explosives and tubes indicate the number of the batch of recession of the remote composition 5.

On head fuses, stamps are applied on the side surface of the case. On the bottom explosals having a traceser - along the circumference of the body flange, and in the absence of a traceser - directly on the bottom cut case. On remote fuses and tubes, similar stimples are located on the outer surface of the case of the case so that they can be seen when the thrustering cap is screwed.

Magnifier on the sleeves (Fig. 3) and capsule sleeves (Fig. 4) are put only at the bottom.

Coloring ammunition

The coloration of ammunition is divided into safety and distinctive.

Safety color is used to protect the metal from corrosion. In peacetime, the outer surface of all shells and min caliber of more than 37-mm is painted paint gray or other provided by specifications. The exception is practical shells painted in black, and agitation shells and mines - in red. Handles of 37-mm calibers and less, as well as centering thickening and leading belts in all shells.

In addition, shells intended for the shots of unitary charges are not colored the place of the projectile connection with the sleeve. All non-painted elements of shells and mines are covered with colorless varnish.

In wartime on shells and mines, caliber up to 203 mm, the safety color is usually not applied. As an anti-corrosion coating, a lubricant is used, which must be removed before shooting on the firing position.

The distinctive color is applied to some shells, mines, sleeves, fuses and capsule sleeves.

Distinctive coloring and mines are usually applied in the form of colored ring strips.

Distinctive strips applied on the head of the projectile (mines) or under the upper centering thickening, denote the type of projectile and facilitate their recognition for their intended purpose.

Colors, location and value of the distinctive coloring on shells and mines are given in Table. one.

Fig. 2. Stamps on fuses and tubes

To distingvia the sub-caliber shells of the streamlined shape from other armor-piano-tracing shells, the head of them by 35 mm is painted in red.

Table 1

On the fragmentation and smoke shells, the housings of which are made of steel cast iron, a solid ring strip of black is applied to the lower centering thickening or lead belt. Thus, the smoke panel of the staple cast iron will have two black stripes - one on the head side, and the other above the lower centering thickening. All other shells are easily recognized by the outer view and the distinctive painting do not have.

On the sleeves of unitary charge shots, assembled with a reduced charge, the above marking is applied with a solid ring strip of black. The same band inflicted on the sleeve to the shot of a separate sleeve charge, indicates that a special charge is assembled in the sleeve designed for the shooting of an armor-powered tracing projectile.

The distinctive color is applied to the fuses and tubes if there are several samples similar in appearance, but excellent in the target or destination.

On capquil sleeves, the distinctive color is applied and only after their restoration. After the first restoration on the chord of the bottom cut, the capsuil sleeves is applied one white strip 5 mm wide, and after the secondary - two white parallel strips of 5 mm wide each.

Indexing ammunition

All objects of artillery weapons, including ammunition, are divided into ten departments (species).

The rooms of the departments have a two-digit number and begin with the numbers 5. If the number of the department is another digit, then these means that this item is not in the leading of the Grau.

Shots, shells, mines, fuses, tubes and their capping are attributed to the 53rd department; charges, sleeves, means of ignition, auxiliary elements of shots and their capping - to the 54th Department; Small arms ammunition and hand grenades - to the 57th Department. Each item is assigned a brief symbol - index.

In ammunition, indexes are assigned to artillery shots, their elements and capping.

Indices are full and abbreviated.

The full index consists of two digits standing ahead, one - three letters standing in the middle, and three digits worth the right of the letters.

For example, 53-Wof-412. The first two digits denote the weapon department to which the sample belongs, the letter - type of the sample (in most cases, the initial letters of the sample name), the last three digits are the sample number.

If a shot or its element (projectile, charge) is adopted for archery from a certain tool (mortar), then he is assigned the same number that has an instrument. If the element of the shot is intended for firing from various guns of one caliber, then instead of the last digit of the index, zero is installed. For example: 53-M-530.

The value of letters included in the ammunition indices are shown in Table. 2.

No. of armament	Letter notation	Name items
	W.	Unitary Cartridge
IN	Shot of separate charging
F.	Fougal grenade
ABOUT	Shard grenade
OF.	Grenade
OR	Fragant tracer shell
OZ	Excipheral incendiary tracer shell
Br.	Armorway tracer shell
Bp	Cumulative rotating shell
BK	Cumulative non-breaking shell
G.	Concomplete shell
D.	Smoke shell
	Incendiary shell
FROM	Lighting shell
BUT	Agitational shell
PBR	Practical armorway tracer shell

In the event that a new sample of ammunition is taken into service, similar to the appointment and name with an existing sample to this tool, but having features that affect ballistics or operational properties. At the end of the index, one - three letters are put.

For example, 100 mm field gun arr. 1944 had an armor-piano-tracer oscillating projectile index 53-BR-412. A 100-mm armor-sized tracer shell with a blur and ballistic tip is adopted. In contrast to the first, it is assigned the 53-BR-412B index. Later, the armor-piano-tracer shell of improved armored armor (shell with armor-piercing and ballistic tips) is taken to the same tool), which is assigned to the 53-BR-412D index.

The abbreviated index differs from full of the fact that it does not have the first two-digit number. For example, BR-412D; Wof-412u.

In the labeling on shots, shells, mines, sleeves and capping, the abbreviated index is affixed, and in marking on the cards and the covers of combat charges, as well as in the technical documents - the full index.

Marking

The labeling is called inscriptions and conditional signs deposited by paint on ammunition and their capping.

The labeling is applied to the shells, mines, sleeves, cardunes and their capping of a special paint of black. On practical shells, black painted, marking is applied white paint.

Labeling shells. The marking is applied to the head and cylindrical part of the projectile (Fig. 5). The head of the projectile equipment is available on the head. These include: an explosive cipher 6, which is equipped with a projectile, number of equipment 1, party 2 and year of equipment 3. On the cylindrical part of the abbreviated name (index) 8, Caliber of the projectile 4 and ballistic (weight) signs 5. On armor-piercing shells except The above data under the cipher of the explosive is applied to the brand of the bottom explosion 9, which the projectile is given in the finally equipped look.

For abbreviated designation of explosive, smoke-forming and poisoning substances, ciphers are used.

The most common explosives that are equipped with shells have the following ciphers:

· Troil - T;

· Troil with a smoke-flowing checker - TDA;

· Troil with dinitronaftaline - TD-50, TD-58;

· Troil with hexogen - TG-50;

· Troil, hexogen, aluminum, Golovaks - TGAG-5;

· Ammotole - A-40, A-50, A-60, A-80, A-90 (digit shows the percentage of ammonium nitrate);

· Ammotol with TNT tube - AT-40, AT-50, etc.;

· Hexogen phlegmatized - A-IX-1;

· Hexogen phlegmatized with aluminum powder - A-IX-2

In chimneys instead of the cipher of BB, the cipher of the smoke-forming substance 7 is set.

Weight (ballistic) sign applied on the projectile shows the departure of the weight of this projectile from the table weight. If the projectile has a tabular weight or deviation from it into a large or smaller side of no more than 1/3%, then they put the letter N, which means weight normal. If the weight of the projectile deviates from the table more than 1/3%, then this is reflected by the signs of "plus" or "minus". Each sign is given weight fluctuations in the range of 2/3% of the table (Table 3).

Table 3. Values \u200b\u200bof weighing signs applied on projectiles

Note. Shells with LG and DJ signs are allowed only in wartime in a particular resolution of the Grau.

Marking on the sleeve. On the housing of the sleeve with a charge, the marking is applied with an artillery base, assembled shots of unitary charge or shit shot of separate charge.

The marking indicates: Abbreviated shot index 2, caliber and abbreviated name of the artillery system, for shooting from which shot 3, brand of gunpowder 4, party number 5 and year of manufacture of gunpowder 6, cipheral factory cipher 7, party number 8, year of assembly 9 and Base number (Arsenal) 10, assembled shot.

On the sleeve to the shot of a separate sleeve charge instead of the shot index, the charge index is applied.

If the charge is assembled with the phlegmatizer, then below the data assembly data put the letter "F" 11. In some cases, the labeling on the sleeve can be supplemented with inscriptions 1: "Full variable", "Reduced", "Special", etc.

Marking on capping. On the capping drawer with shots marking indicates:

- on the front wall of the box - the abbreviated designation of the gun 1, for the shooting of which shots are designed, the type of combat charge 2, the type of projectile 3, the weight sign 4, the number of shots in the box 5, the party assembly batch, the year of the assembly and the number of the base, assembled shots 6 , brand of head fuses 7 screwed into the shells, plant number, batch and year of manufacture of fuses 8, month, year and the number of the base 9, which produced the shooting of shots in a finally equipped look; If the shots are stored in an unknown fit, then the labeling about the fracture on the front wall of the box is not applied;

- on the end wall of the box - the projectile index 10, the number of the gear plant 11, the party 12 and the year of the equipment of the shells 13, cipher BB 14, if the shots are shots with armor-piano-tracing shells, then after the BB cipher indicates the brand of the bottom explosion to which the projectile is given In a finally equipped look;

- On the drawer lid - a sign of danger and a discharge of cargo 15.

Stamp and marking on German shells and mortar mines World War II

Stamps at the bottom of the German armor-piercing projectile

Stamps on German shells are different letters, numbers, signs - knocked out on the surface of the projectile. They are divided into service and control stamps.
The stamps of the receivers refer to the control and the same on all parts of the projectile. Look like a stylized Nazi eagle and inscription " WAA." (Waffen AMT.) Under the swastika. Near the letters WAA is a number - a military acceptance number.

Service stamps carry information about the manufacture of various features of shells, about their purpose, charge type.
The stigma is put on the shell of German mines and shells, on the housings of head fuses, on the sleeves, on capqual sleeves, tracers, detonators. On detonators and tracers instead of stamp, paint marking was often affixed.
On the shells and mines, the stamps as set on the inner and outer surfaces.
The main importance is the branding on the outer shell of the German shells and the conical part of mortar mines made during the war. These stamps consist of a combination of numbers separated by spaces, for example 92 8 10 41 or 15 22 5 43 . In the absence of labeling on German shells, such digital stigs give information about the type of stuffing of the projectile and the date of the projectile or mine gear. The impidiments given by WIEM mean:
92 or 15 - type of explosives;
8 22 - Date of equipment;
10 or 5 - month of equipment;
41 or 43 - Equipment year.

Fuses and stamps on them

The stamp on them is placed on the case in one or two lines. Denote the type of the fuse, the company manufactured it, the fuse party number and the year of its manufacture.
Some fuses have additional stamps informing about the type of projectile for which the case material, the installation and time of the slowdown is intended.
For instance " Kl. AZ 23 PR. BMQ 12 1943."Deciphered as:

Kl. AZ 23 is a sample of the fuse;
PR. - case material (plastic);
BMQ - manufacturer's company;
12 - batch;
1943 - year of manufacture.

Or stamps " BD. Z. f. 21 cm gr. 18 be. RHS 433 1940."Denote:

BD. Z. - bottom fuse;
f. 21 cm gr. 18 be. - type of projectile (21cm concrete projectile arr. 18);
RHS - firm;
418 - parliament;
1942 - year of manufacture;
Most often, the following stamps are found, indicating the installation or time of the delay of the fuse:
I - marching position;
O or OV - without deceleration;
MV - installation on a slowdown;
MV 0.15 or (0.15) - slowing down 0.15 seconds;
k / v or k - setting for the smallest slowdown;
L / V or L - setting to the largest slowdown;
1 / V - setting for the first slowdown;
2 / V - setting for the second slowdown.

On the sleeves stamps are applied on the bottom cut. They carry information about the index of the sleeve, the type of material from which it is made, the appointment of the sleeve, the manufacturer, the batch and the year of manufacture. For example, brand " 6351 St. 21 cm mrs. P 141 1941."Denote the following:

6351 - the index of the sleeve;
St. - the material from which the sleeve is made, in this case steel;
21 cm mrs. 18 - a sample of the gun (21cm Mortira sample 18);
141 - batch;
1941 - year of manufacture.

Most of the steel sleeves are laminated, it makes it difficult to determine the material from which the sleeve is made. All sleeves made from brass after index do not have reductions St., and all the sleeves made of steel, regardless of the nature of the anti-corrosion coating, have a labeling St.(STAHL)

Capxual sleeves

In German ammunition used capsule and electrical sleeves. The external difference is that the capsule deaf bottom slice, and the electric in the center of the bottom cut is a hole in which the contact rod is placed. Stamps on the sleeves are put on the bottom surface of their housing. Stamps indicate the sleeve index, from which material it is made, firm, party number and year of manufacture. For example, stamps "C / 22 St. BMQ 133. 42 "Denote:

C / 22 - sleeve index;
St. - the material from which the housing of the sleeve is made, in this case, steel;
bMQ - firm;
133 - batch;
42 - year of manufacture.

On all steel sleeves there is a reduction " St."(STAHL).
On steel formatted capsule or tinned electrical instead of stamps, white marking is often placed.
Stamp or white marking on the tracers was applied on the protruding part. Often they put on the surface of key shacks. Stimples denote the company, publishing and year of manufacture. For example, the stigma " RDF 171 42."So:

RDF - firm;
171 - batch;
43 - year of manufacture.

Stimple on detonator

mark at the bottom of the detonator

At the detonators, the stigma was placed at the bottom of the aluminum shell. The three-letter manufacturer code and the designation of the grows are equipped with a detonator. For example, " NP. 10"(Nitropenta 10%) means that the detonator is equipped with anem, phlegmatized 10% of the mountain wax (ozokerite).
In addition to the standard and general stamps and labels, in some parts of the shells, most often on the cylindrical part of the case, there are additional special stamps that are of particular importance

Coloring German shells and mines

The coloring of the coloring of shells and min has two purposes, protection against the corrosion of the shell of the projectile and the provision of easily perceived information about the type, purpose and action of the ammunition. Fuses, with a plastic case having an iron shell, are painted in order to protect against corrosion points, also painted in order to protect them from corrosion.

Coloring German mines, shells and fuses:

In dark green protective color painted:
but) All projectiles of the main and special purpose of ground artillery, except for all armor-piercing and campaigning shells and two types of 37 mm fragant-tracing grenades destined only for ground shooting.

b) All mines with steel shell
in)fuses with a plastic housing with a fine iron shell.

Black painted - All armor-piercing shells, all calibers, systems and devices.

In yellow painted- All fragmentary ammunition of anti-aircraft and aviation artillery, except for 37 mm fragant-tracing grenades intended for ground firing of anti-aircraft guns; Such projectiles are painted in dark green protective color.

Red color painted:
but) All mines with a shell of stal wall or forging cast iron;
b) Agitational shells, the head part of which is painted in white.

Standard labeling of German shells and special distinctive features

The standard marking includes conditional combinations of letters and numbers available on the elements of the shot, in order to identify all the necessary data on them or the shot as a whole for their official exploitation.
Standard marking is available on shells and mines, on cartridge charging shots sleeves and cards of their fighting charges and on the cartridges of a variable combat charge beams. Often, this marking is duplicated by etiquettes fixed on the lid of the alternating combat charge and on the capping of ammunition regardless of their device.
Marking is applied white, black or red paint.
On all projectiles, with the exception of armor-piercing of all calibers, painted in black, and 20mm of fragant and armor-pyro-in-block-tracing shells, the marking is applied to black paint and only on a cylindrical part and head. Armor-piercing projectiles of all calibers have similar labeling, but red.
20mm. Expressive incendiary and tracing and 20mm armor-hydro-incendiary-tracing shells, like all these caliber shells, are labeled only on the cylindrical part, and the first red color, and the second white color, which serves as an additional distinguishing feature of the incendiary shells of this caliber.
Shelling shells of separate sleeve charging, in addition to the standard marking of black color on the cylindrical part and head, have an additional white marking on the bottom cut.
Weight category, or ballistic sign, is put by the Roman figure on the cylindrical part of the projectile on both sides and only on the shells of 75mm caliber and higher.

The value of ballistic signs:

I - easier than normal by 3-5%
II - lighter than normal by 1-3%
III - Normal + - 1%
IV is heavier than normal by 1-3%
V - heavier than normal by 3-5%
There is no standard marking on the armor-piercing tracing podcast equipment with a carbide-tungsten core.
Standard labeling on mines is applied to black paint, and its value is completely similar to the marking value on the shells.
Standard marking on cartridge charge shots sleeves is applied to black paint on their housing. The same labeling is applied on the cartuses or semi-carts of the combat charge of these shots.
Standard marking on the cartridges of the AC beams of the combat charge differs from the marking on the cartridge charge shots of the cartridge charge, only the fact that the first is additionally there is an indication of the beam number.
Standard marking on capping with cartridge charging shots indicates only their number, caliber of shells and the appointment of the latter, and on the capping with combat charges of sedaps of separate sleeve charging only their purpose. More detailed information are shown on the etiques.
Special distinctive features are very diverse. They play an important role and applied on various elements of shots in the form of color strips, letters or numbers in order to indicate the characteristics of equipment, design, or use of ammunition. The place of applying and conditional values \u200b\u200bare shown in the figure "Special distinctive features"

Decals

The etiquettes are fixed on the capping with the elements of the shot or complete shots in order to receive all information about the ammunition without opening the capping, which is often sealed, and, consequently, the autopsy for inspection of ammunition without special needs in this requires subsequent additional work on bringing it into the proper order.
Decals are multicolored and monochrome. Color applied when capping cartridge charging shots for small-caliber systems (up to 30mm inclusive), and their different color is related to the design features of shells and, therefore, with combat use of certain shots. The conditional value of the coloring of these etiquettes is given in the respective configuration tables.
On capping with elements of shots or complete shots of the caliber of 37mm and above, one-color etiquettes are used, the content of which is different. Below, as an example, the most common etiquettes and the values \u200b\u200bof the data given in them are depicted.

Captions with elements of split sleeve charging elements

a) with a projectile

1-caliber and sample of the projectile;
2 - sample of the fuse;
3 - in the explosion charge there is no smoke-shaped checker;
4 - Conditional designation of explosive
5 - Material of the leading belt
6 - ballistic sign
7 - place, day, month and year of the final gear equipment and a sign of a responsible person for equipment.

B) with combat charges

1 - the abbreviated designation of the gun to which the combat charges are intended;
2 - the number of combat charges;
3 - weight of gunpowder in every fighting charge;
4 - brand of powder;
5 - factory, year of manufacture of powder and party number;
6 - place, day, month and year of making charge and sign; responsible person for making;
7 - the conditional designation of the nature of the powder;
8 - Sleeze index.

Etiquette on capping with cartridge charging shot

1 - Caliber and sample projectile and purpose shot
2 - sample of the fuse
3 - brand powder
4 - factory, year of manufacture of powder and party number
5 - place, day, month and year assembly shot and sign of responsible person
6 - Sample smoke-shaped checkers
7 - Explosive symbol
8 - Material of the leading belt on the projectile
9 - ballistic sign
10 - Conditional designation of powder
11 - Slide index

In modern times, a large number of different cartridges are used, which are similar to externally. This led to the application of labels that allow them to distinguish them. What do they imagine? Where are they applied? And what does the cartridge marking? What can she be? Here is a brief list of questions that will be considered.

Introductory information

Now not only weapons cartridges are spread, but also construction with turning. Separately, it is possible to recall the idle, which, although not apply in the military, but still deserve attention. In this case, the required information can be displayed in different ways. For example, with stamps, coloring or labels. It should be noted that at least from the beginning of the introduction of cartridge marking and a fairly little time passed, it is impossible to confidently say that the same rules have been operating as the century ago. Something appeared and added to the system, other approaches, on the contrary, were out of every way. It was the production of concrete then decided to close it. And such situations a great set.

The designations on the cartridges lead their origin from the stigs of masters who put their marks on various goods (weapons, jewelry and pottery and so on). Currently, two main functions are entrusted at the marks: advertising and technically information.

What data can be obtained from marking?

Mainly:

Service stamps. As a rule, it is a marking on the diacon of the cartridge. It allows you to learn about the place of manufacture (country, enterprise), type (name) and caliber. The time of creation, material, purpose, model and type of weapons can also be posted.
Coloring elements. It can be applied on bullets, capsuli, data of part of the sleeves. Speaks about the type of cartridge, some features of its device or destination.
Labels. They contain the same data as on the stamp. In addition, there may be certain information about the elements of cartridges, ballistic characteristics and other things. Often because of the need for a large area for messages to all the necessary information are applied on wooden boxes, moistureproof packages, cardboard boxes, paper bags, metal boxes.

Marks left are conditional signs that are presented in the form of numbers, drawings and letters extruded on the surface of the cartridges. They may be service or control. The first allows you to obtain data about the manufacturer, the production date, the time of creation, certain structural features, purpose and some other information, which is characteristic of a certain period of time or inherent in a certain country at all.

The control terminal suggests that the cartridge complies with the established quality requirements, and this was convinced of a responsible person (or commission). But they are usually put only on powerful ammunition, such as shells from artillery guns.

Depending on the type and destination on the marking may contain certain information. For example, on military cartridges is often accommodated only how on hunting and sports applications are not uncommon. This is done through various visual forms (decorative elements, font types, and so on), content (memorable and catchy name, own names). In such cases, everything is usually done in order to emphasize the quality of the product and their popularity.

What is it done for?

But the main purpose of the stamps, the coloring of elements and labels is that they together form a system of conditional signs that contain the information necessary for the difference in species and the purpose of cartridges. Although additional properties may be. For example, the coloring of the cartridges is used to provide a distinguishing feature of the same type, which is easily perceived, or to quickly report on the assignment of the cartridges. At the same time, it is also a means of protection against corrosion processes.

In the domestic tradition, the painting of the head part of the bullet is used (its vertex). This decision is made since the times of the Russian Empire. For example, an armor-piercing bullet is painted in red and black colors. Green is chosen for tracing cartridges. Ordinary cartridges of distinctive painting do not have. Such is observed in a number of foreign armies.

Sometimes you can meet the coloration of the caps in the connecting places with the dool of the sleeve. In this case, it is used not only to obtain a distinguishing feature, but also for tightness. True, such an approach delivers certain inconvenience when creating cartridges and visual definition of the nomenclature. What information can you learn, considering bullets? If briefly, the basic information is:

For Soviet (Russian): the year of manufacture and designation of the manufacturer.
Australian, Canadian, English: Type (Mark) and the name of the Creator Firm.
French: Time (quarter and year), Metal supplier designation for a sleeve.
German: It is indicated by the manufacturer, material, the party number, and when it was produced.
Italian: For private enterprises, only the year of manufacture and the name of the company created the product. For state: manufacturer, manufacturing time, controller initials.
Japanese: year creation (local calendar) and quarter, abbreviated name of the company.

Information is usually applied by pressing. Although sometimes you can meet a convex relief.

Specificity of idle cartridges

As you can see, time is not always indicated. In such cases, it is possible to navigate in the cartridges by the name of the company (compared with the date of work) or according to the variant of the adopted stamp. Sometimes the stamps can also indicate additional information, like the material of the sleeve, purpose, the design of the capsule, as well as other information like: Made by military order, issued to the customer, patent, and so on. In domestic bullets of the period of 1949-1954, an alphabetic designation was used to indicate the time period. You can also find additional icons in the form of two diametrically located five-pointed stars. Not rare are additional letters and numbers. As an example - for the aviation machine gun, an additional sh is provided at the end of the bottom part. The b-32 armorbonic-ignition was designated. For exemplary cartridges used white color.

By the way, what the label looks like there is no single solution. But, for example, in machine-gun cartridges of the caliber of 14.5 and 12.7 in the circumference of the joint of the sleeve with a cap and capsule, a sealant was used, additionally tinted with green. But the absence of a single approach creates certain problems. Now the most common products with red and green. But still, in order to avoid negative consequences, it is necessary to learn about this when purchasing weapons.

Suddenly suddenly found a cartridge

Most people get an ammunition in hand - it's not easy. And those who still have access to them usually possess both vocational training: police, athletes, hunters, huntsman, military. Therefore, the emergence of the situation when there is a supplision, and it is impossible to classify it, it is unlikely for them. After all, they are issued in the hands basically what is so well known.

But there were numerous military conflicts on our territory. From many it is possible to find a rusty iron and no more. But the great domestic left its trail to this day. And find the bullets of that period now is not a problem. Of course, according to the current legislation, it is necessary to inform the police and to surrender to the supremors. But it is interesting - what was found?

If we talk about the labeling of the ammunition of the Second World War used by the Soviet Union, 7.62x54 should be noted here in the first place. The sample of 1891 was stupid, whereas in the 1908th pointed one was presented. That is, they can be distinguished in shape. In addition, you can meet another cartridge on TT 7.62x25. This sample was used in such legendary weapons as PPS, PAP, PPS. Separately marked with green tracing bullets.

But not only domestic representatives come across. It may also be relevant to the marking of German cartridges of times of the Second World War. For example, 7.92x57. Their sleeves are distinguished by brass, bimetallic or steel varnishing. Moreover, both stupid and pointed ones are found.

Other bullets to meet in the territory of the Soviet Union can, although problematic. Basically, it is traveling and performing an auxiliary role of part. But if you move to other front, there are other cartridges of the Second World War. The labeling of the French 8x50R bullets is distinguished by a ring roller on the bottom. What is important, it is the first French smokeless rifle cartridge developed in 1886. But the most relevant is still the marking of the German cartridges of the Second World War, as well as the Soviet samples. Especially many of them can be found in places of large battles.

What else can be mentioned from antiquities?

In our conditions, Mauser's cartridges cannot be bypass. Markings for standard samples of 6.5x55 are not much different from those used at the time. Namely - non-location of the stamp. Four elements were usually used, although there are bullets and two. If we talk about the Soviet Union, heredity is very good since the time of the Russian Empire. So, the marking of cartridges change has almost undergone. Is that heavy bullets and ammunition with a steel core ceased to be marked. This is not surprising, because when they just started to introduce, they were valuable rarity with a number of outstanding properties. Separately, it is worth mentioning 7.62, the sample of 1943, which came to replace the cartridge 1908. And this is not surprising, because for three and a half decades, the science and processing methods were able to move forward, opening the possibilities for creating new products.

Marking of cartridges of the time of the Second World War (and after) of this type was carried out mainly for incendiary tracing, slow and by the way, since they were made a lot of many, and there were no major conflicts, they can often be found in warehouses. In general, they are so good that they were updated and changed except their separate modifications made by relatively small batches.

Is there something more recurrently?

At such a request is the marking of cartridges 5.45. Speaking of them (and if more specifically, about the sample of 1974), the bullets with a steel core, an increased penetration, tracing, with a reduced flight rate, armor-piercing and idle are distinguished. The first two types of some kind of specific color do not have. Although there should be noted that they do not need to note that they do not stop 16 millimeters of the third steel. Bullets with reduced flight speed are used in weapons equipped with a silent firing device. Armor-piercing can punch 5 millimeters of high-quality protection. The difference of idle is that they have a plastic tip, which is destroyed in the Channel of the weapon. In addition, you can also consider the work of the pistol bullets. For example, among 9 mm, it is necessary to highlight a bullet with a steel core. But she has no color differences. This can also be said about the cartridge 5.45, used in PSM pistols.

What can I say, looking at the packaging?

As mentioned above, information can be obtained, not only looking at the ammunition. Sometimes it is enough to look at one single packaging. In this case, the interest of color distinctive stripes, signs and inscriptions of black color. Much depends on what capacity you have to work. So, wooden boxes are marked on the lid and on one of the lateral walls. On the moistureproof packages, information is located on the longitudinal sides. If there is a metal box, then the information can be drawn on the lid. For labeling used staining by stencil, stamping by typographical way or using a special machine. If the conversation is about the box, a mass (gross, in kg) should be indicated on the lid. In addition, a transport sign that means the discharge of cargo is also provided. But it is only on Soviet products.

Since 1990, it was decided to indicate the conventional hazard number with a warning sign. As an alternative - a classification cipher is used in accordance with GOST 19433-88. At the same time, the marking of combat cartridges has its own distinctive features. So, on the wall you can find the symbol of this type: "rifle", "pistol", "sniper", "arr. 43. In addition, the party number is applied, the two last figures of the year of manufacture, the conditional number of the manufacturer, the gunpowder is marked, the number of cartridges and obturators, as well as a distinctive sign, a band or an inscription that allow you to characterize the type of cartridge.

If the box contains moisture-proof packages with ammunition, then informing the inscription on the wall is necessarily applied. The numerical value in millimeters is used to designate the caliber. But without dimension. In addition, the specification of the type of ammunition and the sleeve is applied (indicates the material from which it is made). For exemplary cartridges, a replacement of a group cipher to reduce "OB". If we are talking about a party of powder, then its brand is indicated, the number and year of manufacture together with the designation of the manufacturer. It is very convenient, because marking on cartridge sleeves and substances is difficult to access: you need to open the box, unpack and watch. Then the account can go for seconds.

Observed changes

If you take a sample of an ammunition made in the Soviet Union, and modern cartridge, then it can be noted that they differ even in cases where the manufacturer is one. This is due to the fact that the adopted internal designation is not always clear for buyers abroad, such as Americans. Often, changes lead to the fact that it becomes difficult to classify the ammunition. For example, the labeling of hunting cartridges of the 5.6 caliber on a single Latin letter V (indicates the "East) is quite problematic. But it is used for training, also in sports. Thanks to a low price, it has acquired quite widespread. And here comes to the rescue additional elements. So, if there is a belt, then they are more, the better the ammunition. And it is more intended for use in the hunt for small game. If there is no, then its main purpose is sports shooting and training. Although changes are not always visible. So, if there is an inscription in English, then it is likely that this is an export party. Although it is not difficult to find "fresh" ammunition with the designation on Cyrillic.

About assembly cartridges

At the very beginning of the article it was said that they were not only weapons. There are still assembly (they are building) cartridges. And, as it is easy to guess, the marking is also developed for them. Why? The fact is that the powder building pistols are designed for a certain underlying energy. It provides a shock drop of a dowel in metal or concrete surfaces. But if it is selected an inappropriate product, it can lead to a breakdown of the device and even injury. To avoid this, it was decided that the labeling of construction cartridges. What happens?

If briefly, then classified in color, height and diameter, number and packaging method. How does this affect the product? The power of charge in Joules depends on the color. In this case, the marking is carried out on the conical tip of the cartridge. Also distinguish short and long cartridges with different diameters. For example, there is a caliber of 5.6x16, 6.8x11, 6.8x18. The cartridge number indicates what the mass of the powder charge. And the packaging method says for which pistols they are intended. For example, multipart and automatic can only work with cartridges in the tape. Describing their device, it should be noted that they have a standard design. That is, all the cartridges consist of such parts: steel sleeve, capsul, dust, crimping.

We will analyze it in more detail. In the steel sleeve is a charge of smokeless powder. If the series K, then the entire space is filled. Letter D says that it is only in the bottom part. Pyzh is a pressed gun, which holds the shock composition in the sleeve. And crimping is carried out on top. At the same time, the color marking of cartridges is carried out.

About latched cartridges

They are special devices that are used to attach tools or parts on the spindle axis. Usually used as part of the front-headed lathe to clamp the processed parts. But it can also be installed in and turning tables. There are self-centered cartridges, as well as products with independent cams.

If we talk about marking, then with the products of the Soviet Union, everything is quite simple. After all, then the unified system was operated. Each cartridge had a cipher consisting of eight digits and the letter that indicated the accuracy class of the product. With the help of a special table, thanks to the labeling, it was possible to know the number of cams, the diameter of the cartridge, the accuracy class and some other parameters. Now it's not so unequivocal with this. A large number of different manufacturers and various manufacturers have created a situation where to try to give universal labeling with modern samples - the case is unsuccessful. If you are interested in what and how, it is necessary to look for a certain manufacturer, which created the device.

Conclusion

The article described the marking of the cartridges of the Great Patriotic War and modern ammunition. Of course, only basic information was discussed here, because there can always be a party of some cartridges, which moved away from the decision taken. But, nevertheless, if the labeling of rifle cartridges for military or civilian for hunting is falling, then information that helps with a high probability to find the necessary data is provided in sufficient amount.

And finally, it is necessary to affect security issues. It should always be remembered that it is necessary to work with objects of increased danger. It does not matter - mounting cartridge in hands, pistol or rifle - you always need to follow safety. Otherwise, you will have to pay our health or even life.

Holding cartridges in the hands, you need to do carefully. Do not bring to the source of heat, do not throw ababy as. Although the likelihood of a negative incident and low, it can happen with each. Always working with dangerous objects, it is necessary to remember that the safety rules are written by the blood of those who are neglected. And to keep your own health and life, you do not need to tempt fate. Especially - when there are such hazardous things in their hands, such as cartridges containing explosive substances and threatening themselves.

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Purpose, general device and classification of combat cartridges to small arms, shots to grenade launchers

Depending on the purpose, the cartridges are divided into combat and auxiliary.

Combat cartridges Designed for shooting from combat individual and group small arms in order to defeat live strength and technology.

Auxiliary cartridges They are intended to teach the rules and receptions for charging and dischargeing weapons, simulation shooting, testing the strength of weapons and determining the ballistic characteristics of weapons and cartridges.

Depending on the type of weapon used, distinguishes:

revolving cartridgesused for shooting from revolvers;

pistol cartridgesused for shooting from pistols and machine gun guns under the pistol cartridge;

automatic Cartridgesused for firing machines, manual machine guns and self-loading weapons;

rifle cartridgesused for shooting from manual, machine, tank and aircraft guns, as well as from rifles and carbines;

large-caliber cartridgesused for firing of large-caliber machine guns.

The combat cartridge is a spray, of the following main components:

1 - metal element - bullets;

2 - sleeves;

3 - throwing charge;

4 - Capsule-igniter.

To combat cartridges include:

5,45-mm pistol cartridges MPC;

5.45-mm ammunition;

7,62-mm revolving cartridges;

7.62-mm pistol cartridges;

7.62-mm sample cartridges 1943;

7,62 mm rifle cartridges;

9 mm pistol cartridges;

12.7-mm cartridges;

14.5 mm cartridges.

Shotit is called the entire set of elements of ammunition necessary for the production of shot from the gun and collected in the prescribed manner.

Shots are divided:

By destination

primary - Combat (O, F, B)
special purpose - (smoke, lighting, campaign)
auxiliary: Practical, UT and P)

By charging method:

unitary (patron) type
separately gilzovoy
cartus

Classification:

by caliber
small (20-75 mm)
middle (76-155)
large (more than 155)
according to the method of stabilization:
rotating
operse
in relation to caliber guns
caliber
podcastibernic
nadcalibers

Manual and reactive anti-tank grenades

Manual fragmentation grenades Designed for defeat by fragments of the enemy's living force in the near battle (during attacks, in the trenches, asylums, settlements, in the forest, in the mountains, etc.).

Hand grenades RGD-5, RG-42 and RGN belong to offensive grenades. Grenades F-1 and RGO - To the defendant.

General device of manual fragmentation, offensive and defensive grenades

Manual fragment grenade RGD-5 - Remote-action grenade, intended for the defeat of the living force of the enemy in the offensive and defense. Pumping pomegranates is carried out from various positions in the actions in the foot and on the machines. The radius of the departments of slaughter fragments of garnets about 25 m. The average distance of the shot of the grenades is 40-50 m.

Mass of curious grenade 310 g.

The time of burning of the deputy chief smelled 3,2-4,2 from.

The manual fragmentation grenade of the RGD-5 consists of a housing with a tube for sunbarr, the discontinuous charge and smelled.

Manual fragment grenade F-1 - Remote action grenade, designed to defeat the living force mainly in defensive battle. You can throw a grenade from various provisions and only because of the shelter, from the armored personnel carrier or tank (SAU).

The radius of the deposit of slaughter fragments in the explosion of garnets 200 M.. The average roll range of grenades is 35-45 m.

Mass of curious grenade 600 G.

Sooter burning time smelled 3.2-4.2 s.

Manual fragment grenade F-1 consists of: 1-housing; 2 Easy charge; 3-cast.

Hand grenade offensive RGN and hand grenades defensive RGO Designed to defeat the living force of the enemy in offensive and defensive battles, respectively, in various location conditions and at any time of the year at ambient temperature from plus 50 degrees up to minus 50 degrees.

Hand grenades of RGN and RGO consist: 1 - garnet without smelled; 2- sunk.

Grenades of the RGN and RGO without smelled:

1-cork; 2 cuffs; 3-hundred-kan; 4-polusfer ; 5-explosion-chat mix; 6-hemisphere; 7- gasket; 8-detonation checker; 9.10-hemispheres.

Manual cumulative grenade RKG-3 - anti-tank grenade of aimed action, designed to combat tanks, SAU, BTR and armored vessels, as well as to destroy long-term and field defensive structures. Pumping pomegranates are made from various positions and only due to shelters. The average distance of the shot of grenades is 15-20 m.

Mass of currency grenade 1070

If the grenade hit the target is instantly exploded and the resulting stream of high density gases and temperature breaks through armor of modern tanks and other strong obstacles.

Manual anti-tank cumulative grenade RCG-3 consists of: 1- case; 2 - bursting charge; 3 - mocked; 4 - lever

The cylindrical garnet housing serves to place the discontinuous charge and smelled. The case has: bottom - bottom; inside - cumulative funnel; From above - the screw cover with a tube to sunk. The top of the cover ends with a thread for screwing the handle.

1-cumulative recess; 2-shell; 3 main charge; 4 - alert charge; 5-tube; 6-thread; 7- cover; 8-cardboard gasket; 9-cumulative funnel.

Marking and distinctive color of ammunition

Marking of cartridges consists, in general, from the corresponding distinctive color, signs and inscriptions that are applied to both components of the cartridges and on the packaging with cartridges.
Marking is applied:
on the sleeve - on the end of the bottom part;
on the bullet - on the head part;
packaging - on a wooden box, a metal box, a moistureproof package, a cardboard box and a paper bag.
At the end of the bottom part of the sleeve is applied with stamping marking containing the conditional number of the enterprise - the manufacturer and the year of manufacture (the two last digits of the year). In the period 1951-56 The year of manufacture was conventionally indicated by the letter. At the end of the bottom part of individual nomenclatures, the sleeves may additionally be applied signs in the form of two diametrically located five-pointed spars.
In 7.62 mm of rifle cartrons intended for firing from the aviation machine gun Case, at the end of the bottom part of the sleeve applied additionally the letter W, and the capsule cap - the igniter is covered with a red varnish.

View of weapons	Applied ammunition	Distinctive coloring on the head	Cord (Amount of ammunition)	Box Weight (kg)
9mm PM.	9pst - 9mm pistol cartridge with bullet with steel core	without color	cardboard box16 pcs. metal box 80 × 16 \u003d 1280 pcs. box- 2 boxes	32
5,45mm AK-74, RPK-74	PS - cartridge with an ordinary bullet	without color	paper bag metal box 30 × 36 \u003d 1080 pcs. box - 2 boxes	29
	Tracing bullet	green
		black and green
	HP - idle cartridge	plastic bullet
7,62mm AKM, RPK	PS - cartridge with a bullet with a steel core	without color	cardboard box metal box 20 × 35 \u003d 700 pcs. box- 2 boxes galvanized box 20 × 33 \u003d 660 pcs.	30
	T-45 - cartridge with tracing bullet	green
	Us - cartridge with reduced speed bullet	black and green
	HP - idle cartridge	no bullets
	H - cartridge with an incendiary bullet	red
	BZ - cartridge with armor-piercing bullet	black and red
7,62mm SVD	PS - Rifle Sniper Cartridge	without color	paper bag metal box 20 × 21 \u003d 420 pcs. box - 2 boxes	26
7,62mm PKM, PKT	LPS - Rifle cartridge with bullet with steel core	silver	paper bag metal box 20 × 22 \u003d 440 pcs. box - 2 boxes	28
	T-46 - Rifle cartridge with tracing bullet	green
	B-32 - Cartridge with an armor-piercing bullet	black and red
	PZ - cartridge with a shooting and incendiary bullet	red
	HP - idle cartridge	no bullets
14.5mm KPVT	B-32 - Cartridge with an armor-piercing bullet	black and red
	BZT - cartridge with an armor-piercing - incendial-ralling bullet	purple and red
	MDZ - cartridge with an instant effect bullet	red bullet
	Combat	green
	Training	black color

The procedure for preparing for use

The ammunition for weapons of border shells is stored in cutting stores, and for group use weapons - in sealed boxes, in the box closed on the lock boxes or cabinets. The duty officer at the outpost (division) is responsible for their safety.

Inventory of the property is postponed in the storage room, in which the number of pyramids, cabinets, boxes, stands, posters and other property stored in this room is entered. In addition, the numbers of the cabinets and which seal they are sealing.

On each pyramid (cabinet, drawer), labels are attached with the direction of the unit, the military rank and the name of the responsible, the number of the pyramid (cabinet, drawer) and the print numbers that they are sealing.

In a pyramid (cabinet, drawer), an inventory is highlighted indicating the type and number of weapons stored in it. Each jack of the pyramid (cabinet) should be pasted a label indicating the appearance and number of weapons and gaze numbers, as well as the surnames of the face for which they are fixed.

All inventories in the room for storing weapons in the pyramids, cabinets, boxes are signed by the head head (commander of the division).

Armament and ammunition issues border outfits and takes from them duty officer (division) with registration in the book issuance of weapons and ammunition; All ammunition are recalculated.

All the ammunition described, including manual grenades and shots to anti-tank grenade launchers, are stored in stock storage (divisions).

It is forbidden to store ammunition near furnaces, electric heating devices, etc., as well as keep the ammunition open in the sun (especially in southern regions).

Weapons of soldiers and sergeants, decreasing temporarily beyond the obstacles (divisions) for a period of more than 3 days, shall with the foreman. The proclaimed weapon is stored separately from the weapon of the personnel of the outpost (divisions).

To emphasize the teaching that weapons located in pyramids, storerooms and warehouses should always be discharged and put on the fuse.

Practically prepare your weapons to put it in the pyramid, establish it and order to each trainee to perform the same actions with your weapon.

Control the correctness of the actions of the students and, if necessary, to correct.

"The main educational and imitation ammunition applied in classes and security measures applied when contacting them."

Only specially trained, sergeants and soldiers are allowed to use simulation tools. They must be carefully and purposefully instructed.

Leaders' leaders, as well as officers of divisions (stamping), are fully responsible for preparing personnel, weapons and imitation tools for classes and teachings.

Chargeing machine gun

attach an equipped store to the machine if it was not previously attached to him;
remove the machine with the fuse;
put the translator to the desired form of fire;
energetically take the gate frame back to refusal and let it go;
put the machine for the fuse, if the immediate opening of the fire is not to be preserved or the "Fire" command is not followed, and move your right hand to the pistol handle.

If before charging the machine, the store was not equipped with cartridges or cartridges were spent during shooting, then you need to store the store.

Store gear

For store equipment, you need to take a store into the left hand of the neck up and the convex side to the left, and in the right hand - cartridges with bullets to the maiden so that the bottom of the sleeve rise slightly over large and index fingers.

Store gear

Store Equipment Cartridges from Obiama:

1- store; 2 - adapter; 3 - clipping; 4 - Cartridges

Holding the store with a slight slope to the left, putting the thumb out the cartridges one under the bend of the side walls by the bottom of the sleeve to the rear wall of the store.

Store Equipment from Obiama

For the store's equipment, the cartridges from the climate must: take the store (1) in the left, hand. With the right hand to attach the adapter (2) to him so that its bend is entered into the appropriate grooves on the neck of the store; Holding a store in his left hand, insert the rope (3) with the right hand with the cartridges (4) in the adapter, and the cartridges should be directed by bullets up; Pushing the right hand on the housing of the sleeve (at the bottom) of the upper cartridge and skipping the clip between the middle and index fingers, drown the cartridges to the store; remove an empty clip from the adapter, insert a new clip with cartridges and access the store; Remove the adapter from the store. Application of the clip accelerates the equipment of the store by the cartridges.

Equipment climb cartridges

For the equipment of the climax, insert it into the adapter so that it enters the adapter's grooves and stopped in its emphasis (Fig. A).

Cartridges rockets:

a - with an adapter; b - -base adapter

Holding a clip with an adapter in the left hand, right hand, holding the bullet cartridge and the top of the sleeve with three fingers (large, index and middle), insert it into the rocket grooves.

The clip can be equipped with cartridges and without an adapter; To do this, take a clip in the left hand, and in the right - cartridge; By clicking on the hook of springs, insert a bullet between the rope and the spring (drowned the hook); insert cartridges in the rocket grooves (Fig. b); Remove the bullet of the cartridge from under the coating springs.

Safety requirements when handling ammunition

Personal composition that has not learned the security requirements for shooting and servicing firing is not allowed.
Forbidden To go (travel) to the sections where there are unexploded grenades and other explosive items. These sites should be in a timely manner indicated by pointers and signs with appropriate preventive inscriptions.
Forbidden To touch the unexploded grenades, other explosive items and imitation tools. About each unexploded grenade to report to the senior head of the shooting and head of the military shooting order by the established procedure.
When throwing a martial manual grenade, insert the fuse is allowed only before they are throwing them on the command of the shooter. Transfer combat hand grenades outside grenade bags is prohibited.
It is allowed to leave the shelter after 15-20 s after an explosion of defensive grenade.
If the charged combat pomegranate was not broken (the safety check was not taken out), to produce it only on the team and under the direct supervision of the shooting manager.
When shooting from a helicopter in flight and from the helicopter layout (simulator), charging weapons, shooting, discharge and inspection to produce with the installed weapon on the bracket and on the command (signal) of the shooter by the helicopter (simulator).
Get up from your places and move in the cockpit of the helicopter to a personal store forbidden.
The running of fire by each shooting should be immediately terminated independently or by team of shooting head in the following cases:

the emergence of people, cars or animals on a target field, low-tech aircraft over the area of \u200b\u200bfiring;
the fall of the grenade is beyond the safe zone or near the bludge engaged in people, and loss of communication with the bludge;
raising the White Flag (Lantern) on the command paragraph or on the dugout, as well as the submission from the blocking of another installed ceasefire signal (explosive, smoke checkers, rockets, etc.);
report or submission from the failure of the installed signal of the danger of continued shooting;
the emergence of a fire on a targeted field.

From the signal "Fub" Before the signal "THE FIRE" It is forbidden to anyone to be on the firing position (shooting place) and approach the arms left on it.
It is strictly prohibited:

charge weapons by combat and idle cartridges, as well as combat and inert grenades to the beep "THE FIRE"(team leader, commander);
direct weapons on people, to the side and in the rear of the military shooting, regardless of whether it is charged or not;
open and conduct fire from faulty weapons, faulty ammunition, in hazardous directions of shooting, with a raised white flag on the team (plot) paragraph and shelters (dugouts);
leave anywhere charged weapons or transfer it to other persons, leave on the firing position (place for shooting) weapons without a team of shooting head at the site (commander);
produce shooting from a machine with a device for silent and flameless shooting (PBS) ordinary cartridges;
to go (leave) to the plots of military shooting range (training facility), where there are unexploded combat grenades and other explosive items; These sites are forbidden zones and should be fenced, marked by pointers and signs with appropriate preventive inscriptions, for example: "Dangerous! Unexploded grenade, do not touch! ";
disassemble combat grenades and eliminate malfunctions in them;
touch unexploded grenades, shells and other explosive items; Each unexploded grenade (projectile) immediately after discovery, it is necessary to designate a pointer with a preventive inscription and inform the head of the military shooting.

Forbidden In peacetime for shooting use:

30-mm shot (VOG-17) with a fragmentation grenade to automatic grenade launchers AGS-17 and AG-17;
anti-tank shot of PG-7B to the manual anti-tank grenade launcher RPG-7 of all modifications;
7.62 mm Cartridges arr. 1943 with an incendiary bullet (3) and a bimetallic sleeve (Gzh);
7,62-mm rifle cartridges with a light bullet (L) and a bimetallic sleeve or brass sleeve (ch), as well as with a heavy bullet (D) and a bimetallic sleeve or brass sleeve;
14.5 mm Cartridges with an armor-piercing bullet (BS-41) and a brass sleeve, as well as with an armor-piercing-in-block-tracing bullet (BZT) and a brass sleeve, with an incerenting bullet (SP) and a brass sleeve.

Ammunition