Almost everyone knows that there are special forces in Uruche, Marina Gorka, Minsk, there are groups "Alpha" and "Diamond". However, few people know what these structures differ among themselves who are controlled by them, which is included in their functions.


"Our Niva" presented a brief overview of the main Belarusian specials.

Uruchenskaya Brigade Special Forces
The third separate red-known special forces team (V / h 3214, Uruchye) was formed in the 1990s on the basis of the 334 regiment of the 120th division. It is prepared both for overclocking street shares and to participate in special operations. This is the shock part of the internal troops. Its quantity is about 1500-2000 people. As part of a part of several units - special purpose battalions, a special rapid response detachment (SBC) and supply units.
The main tasks of the brigade are the fight against terrorism, actions in case of emergency situations, combat training in case of military hazard.
In peacetime, the brigade fighters perform functions for the protection of public order. Often, representatives of the brigades go to the tasks and beyond Minsk. For example, guard the "Slavic Bazaar".
During the street shares of the opposition, the Uruchensk brigade usually hold onto the suspension. They are used only in extreme cases when PMSN cannot cope with the demonstrators. Several times Pavlichenko fighters were seen during the past presidential elections.
Pavlichenko himself, being the commanders of the Brigade, repeatedly stated that he tried to bring up fighters in the Spirit of Orthodoxy. There is a temple on the territory of the part.
Very large importance to battle preparation, it is several times more stricter than in other military units. In the program - acrobatics, hand-to-hand fight, power training, athletic gymnastics, crosses. Very much significance is attached to shooting from different types of weapons, as well as tactical and special preparation for actions in various situations.
It is worth noting that most of the ordinary fighters are in a brigade of a year or a half. This is the usual service life in the army.
It was Pavlichenko who appeared in the affairs of Zakharenko and Potter - while those cases investigated the KGB. In 2000, Lukashenko passed the Chairman of the KGB Matskevich and the Prize-General Bazhenko, and everything fell.

Minsk Police Regiment Special Forces
The regiment was formed in the fall of 2005, shortly before the presidential election. PMD was created on the basis of riot police, and he headed him Yuri Substitute. As the then head of the Central District Minister Anatoly Kuleshov explained the then head of the Central District Minister of Internal Affairs, the main goal of the creation of the regiment was to protect the public order during various mass shares.
According to him, the fighters of this unit must be prepared for cataclysms, catastrophes, accidents of natural and man-made. The third cause of Kuleshov called the fact that the creation of the regiment will enable other police officers to fulfill their immediate duties. Employees shelf wear black shape. They mainly participated in the acceleration of street shares, including on October Square.
PMSN was created by the personal request of Yuri Prison, who complained that the number of events had been grew in the country all the time, which was needed. The staff was much increased.
Now manages PMSN Alexander Lukomsky. He graduated from the Leningrad Higher Political School of Internal Troops (1992), the Police Academy (1998), the Command-Staff Department of the Military Academy (2002). Prior to that he headed the metropolitan police brigade of the internal troops (V / h 5448).

Maryina Gorka
Under Minsk, in Marina Gorka (Pukhovichi district), there is a 5th separate special brigade. But this is not internal troops. This special forces refers to the Ministry of Defense.
The formation of the brigade began to occur in 1962.
For the Soviet times, the fighters reached the level of preparation, which corresponded to the "Vympel" team of the KGB of the USSR. Fighters from Marina Gorki took an active part in the Afghan conflict. Two years after the output from there, paratroopers from Marina Gorki again fell to war. Almost entirely brigade (805 people) under the command of Colonel Borodacha were in Armenia.
On December 31, 1992, the former Soviet special forces commended the loyalty of Belarus. The main directions of training today's fighters are sabotage and intelligence. Scouts are taught to overcome the swamps, water obstacles, forests. For this, exercises are often held in forests. Ten days they are in an unknown area.
In Marina Gorka, they believe that their part is the most elite in the country. There is an unofficial competition and confrontation of special forces from Uruchye and Marina Gorki. And there, and there they believe that their part is the best.
In 1996, the former head of the part in Marina Gorka, Colonel Borodach spoke on the side of the Constitution, against Lukashenko.

"Diamond"
In fact, the "diamond" and began Belarusian special forces in the late 1980s. True, then this unit had the name "Berkut", and the main appointment was the organization of the detachments of the prison anti-terror. They were created in other Soviet republics.
Now this is a peculiar detachment of rapid response. In 1994, the then head of the "Berkut" and the future Minister of the Interior, Vladimir Naumov, made an initiative to rename special uniforms in Almaz. In a memo for fighters of Naumov, once wrote: "I always remember that the employee of the special unit should be clean and firm as a diamond."
In 2002, the database "Almaz" opened by Alexander Lukashenko personally.
In the event of an alarm "Diamonds" should arrive at the base for 5-7 minutes. And within 20 minutes, intelligence and combat group are sent to anywhere in the country. Another 20 minutes follows the second group.
The function of the "diamond" includes the struggle against terrorist activities, the liberation of hostages, neutralization of explosives. "Diammovtsy" once detained in Minsk suspects in the murder of Russian journalist Paul Khlebnikov.
"Almazovets" must train at least three times a week. It is not only sports exercises, fighters also go to barriers, lazes, stairs in full equipment.
Basically, the "Almaz" comes with officers from similar units of the Ministry of Defense, Militia Special Forces, the Protection Service of the Head of State, border troops. As a rule, these are people who pretended at least five years and have already participated in special operations. Serve in "Almaz" and women - negotiators and snipers.
It was the staff of Almazy "on March 2, 2006, the presidential candidate Alexander Kozulin. The fighters of the same detachment detained this year by Nikolai Avtukhovichi his like-minded people. It was the former "diamonds" that were condemned in the case of the disappearance of the teleoperator of Dmitry Zavadsky.
"Almaz" heads Colonel Nikolai Karpenkov. He was still in Berkut, when from 1992 to 1994. He was a commander of the combat unit of the unit. In 2003, Karpenkov returned to Almaz as a commander.

"Alpha"
The Alpha Group under the USSR State Security Committee was established back in 1974. In March 1990, the main Chekist of the Hooks Union signed a decree on the additional introduction of the Alpha Group with a deployment in Minsk. Among the objectives of the Group were called localization and prevention of terrorist and extremist shares, especially dangerous criminal manifestations that threaten the security of the country. Initially, the group acted on the Baltic countries.
Interestingly, until January 1992, Alpha was in direct submission of the Main Department under the President of the USSR. Only then entered the structure of the Belarusian KGB. Alpha fighters provide physical defenses and security of the Belarusian leadership and high foreign guests. The new responsibilities also entered the struggle against illegal export of valuable metals, material and historical values \u200b\u200boutside the country.
When creating Alfa, preference was given to the Afghan officers, Vedoreshnikam, professional athletes. Now higher education and service in the army is obligatory for candidates. Also, attention is given the ability to make large psychological and physical exertion. The age of fighters is 30-35 years old.
It is noted that the fluidity of frames in Alfa is very small. In order to become true professionals, you need four to five years. All this time, the fighter is in second-third roles. One full equipment "Alfovts" (body armor, helmet, weapons, ammunition) weighs more than 20 kilograms.
The deputy of the Supreme Council of the XII convocation from BNF Sergey Naumchik in his memoirs argues that it was the staff of Alpha beat the opposition deputies who declared a hunger strike in the Oval Hall.
For a while there were rumors that the "Alfa" fighters received military experience in Chechnya, but the leadership of the Group persistently denies it. The head of the Alpha Group is Colonel Nikolai Ivinsky.

Border special forces
Its special forces exists from border guards. This is a separate service of active events, hardly the most closed and little-known special forces.
The Osia appeared after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1993. The first boss was Gennady Nevlegals.
First of all, the creation of special forces was explained by the fight against illegal migration. Basically, citizens from Asian countries to Europe. This was the first task.
Later, new - the fight against economic crime and drug trafficking, countering transit terrorism and trafficking in persons.
Checking the future Osamovka lasts from year to two. Throughout this time, a track record of a fighter, all close and distant relatives check with special attention. The average age of the officers is 33 years old. On the shaped chevron of the soldier Osama - two crossed ball and wind rose against the background of the country contour.
At one time, the OSAM was headed by today's chairman of the Border Committee Igor Rachkovsky. And served in the special division of the eldest sons of Lukashenko - Victor and Dmitry.

On August 2, it turned 85 years since the creation of airborne troops, the successors of which in our country were the forces of special operations. Our abnormal correspondent met with the commander of the CSO of the Armed Forces of Belarus General Major Vadim Denisenko (in the photo)


- Comrade Major General, in Belarus, airborne troops transformed into a new branch of troops - the forces of special operations. What is the principal difference?

- with the development of weapons and military equipment transformed and views on the conduct of armed struggle, as well as on the use of the Airborne Forces. Therefore, it was decided to create in our country on the basis of parts of the airborne troops of the individual forces of the Armed Forces - forces of special operations.

The main distinguishing feature of the CSO is that they are in constant readiness for use both in peaceful and in wartime and are intended for solving special tasks in order to achieve political, military, economic and psychological goals aimed at preventing escalation or termination of military conflict In relation to the Republic of Belarus. The military units and divisions of the CSO are the solution of the following tasks: maintaining counteractive, intelligence and hostilities and specialness. Also, units of the forces of special operations are involved in the fight against terrorism, carrying out measures to strengthen the protection regime of the state border and maintaining law enforcement together with the personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.



- During the creation of special operations forces, has foreign experiences studied?

- Certainly, but we should not forget that the Belarusian forces of special operations were created not at the naked place. We had a shock component - well-prepared landing brigades. We strengthened these mobile compounds by the intelligence component - a special-purpose brigade. Both components were combined under a single command - generally, they accepted the optimal solution for the country with a small territory and compact for the number of mobile armed forces.

I must say, today our experience is carefully studied by other countries.

- And when did you understand that you are on the right track?

- In 2004, working out the tactics of actions, we understood that mobile brigades are mobile, able to make large marches in any conditions, can be deployed by air and cause serious blows. All this was taken into account by us. A special forces capable of acting in any conditions found an object, and soon a mobile unit came to the assigned point. The commander of the special forces group, together with the commander of the mobile unit, clarified the solution and carried out the destruction of the object. Next year, we have already been confident that we are moving in the right direction. The tactics of our actions was also tested during the various large-scale teachings of the Belarusian Armed Forces.



- Do we dispense all the secrets of special operations?

- Such a tactic action of any professional division in the world. As for the secrets of skill, believe me, the professionals share them very reluctantly. And we are not an exception here. So the secrets of skill will leave outside this interview.

- BTR-80 armored personnel carriers came to replace the Mobile Machines of the landing in mobile brigades. Also to match the modern appearance?

- We proceeded from the fact that our units should be very mobile: moving around at any time and on any roads. And this allows you to make BTR-80. They contribute to the successful fulfillment of tasks facing us. "Wheels" in our conditions look preferable. Artillery of special operations is also on wheels. Today we consider the BTR-82 armored personnel carrier today with greater firing power. In particular, a 30-mm automatic gun will change the large-caliber 14.5-mm machine gun of the CPTT.



- If we touched on the issues of equipping the CSO with modern weapons and military equipment, tell us how seriously it changed lately?

- Recently completed the trials of the armored car "Lis". We have decided what changes should be made to its design so that the car meets our requirements for it: what kind of combat module is to install, how to arrange the seats, loopholes ... All this is taken into account in the engineering task transmitted on the Minsk plant. First of all, "Foxes" will go to mobile battalions on cars. This year the newest Sniper Orsis-T5000m sniper rifles were adopted, capable of hitting the goals on the range of up to 1.500 meters. They have become a good addition to the modern sniper rifles of SP-94, ASS-96, MC-116M, which has proven themselves in the troops.

In the troops received high-precision powerful ammunition with an expansive bullet (338th caliber of Lapua Magnum), which punches all existing means of armor (body armor, helmets of the highest protection classes).

Our servicemen are provided with the most modern means of observation and aiming of domestic production: the sights of day-night DNS-1, night NV / S-18, a monocular night NV / M-19, LAD-21T laser designer, a collimator sight of PC-01VS.


Completed in the forces of special operations and very decent means of individual armor. In particular, the helmet is a protective "scat", providing protection from the Makarov pistol, already on the range of one meter, the cornflower "Raven", capable of protecting from the bullet from SVD on a distance from ten meters.

Work is underway to ensure and adopt for weapons and other newest optical sights, ammunition, small arms, tactical and rifle glasses, RPG-32 grenade launchers.

Our units are provided with reliable communication. On the basis of the car "Bogatyr", a modern command-staff machine has been developed (a means of communication of the SSO commander and commanders of the Brigades).

Modern samples of weapons and military equipment come to the troops and are mastered during combat training. Significantly increased the mobility of the calculations of anti-aircraft installations of Zu-23-2 modernization of this weapon, which is placed today along with the ammunition on the basis of the Ural-43202 car. In the next two months we plan to put them in the 38th Guards Separate Mobile Brigade.

Improved form of clothing and equipment of military personnel of special operations.



We recently received new quad bikes that have been tested in the armed forces. In the future, they will be adopted. I must say, this is a very effective technique in the fulfillment of tasks in forests, in wetlands, at rough terrain ... confirmed these and the exercises that have passed in Tajikistan, Kazakhstan as part of checking the collective forces of the OCD operational response.

- The military personnel of the 103rd Guards Separate Mobile Brigade have unchanged participants of such exercises. How important are they for us?

- First of all, this is obtaining invaluable experience. We have something to learn from Russians, Kazakhstanis, Tajiks. On these exercises, we always learn something new. And, of course, learn to interact.

Many other exercises pass with great benefits. For example, joint Belarusian-Chinese anti-terrorism teachings (training) "rapid eagle". Not so long ago, the next such teaching (third in the account) was completed on the basis of the 38th Guards Separate Mobile Brigade.

But the most close interaction has been established with Russian colleagues. From the last joint exercises - the battalon-tactical teaching that has passed in the 38th Brigade, which was attended by the Rota of the 76th Guards Rangent Assault Division. Our servicemen and during a humanitarian search and rescue operation in the North Pole, where they had to perform tasks in difficult climatic conditions were admitted. Distinguished presented to state awards. The test of the North Pole has grown up and modern uniforms, and the equipment of the military operations of special operations. Many of our innovations with interest were perceived by Russians. For example, cargo containers with whom our servicemen jumped with parachute.



- Comrade Major General, what other success I remember the anniversary year?

- In the first half of the year, the command of the Ministry of Special Operations, as well as the divisions of the 38th and 103rd Guards Individual Mobile Brigades, was successfully exposed to the first half of the defense. The CSO team distinguished itself in international competitions for the best group of special forces held in Kazakhstan, where he took a prize. Our servicemen won the competition for the best sniper couple of special appointments of the armed forces, in which representatives from all the power structures of our country and the team from Russia and Kazakhstan participated.

The CSO team won the championship of the Armed Forces on Army hand-to-hand combat. The next tests for the right to assign the badge and skill's chest sign also showed the increased level of preparation of our servicemen.

Interestingly passed bilateral battalion tactical teachings. A highly useful event was the joint collection of diving training, which took place in Ryazan. His great attention was paid to the study of new diving equipment, which comes today in Russian armed forces.



This year, 11 of our servicemen mastered the most modern parachute systems "Crossbow". Training they were held on the basis of the Center for Special Preparation of the Airborne Forces of Russia.

Of course, the iconic event was to participate on May 9 of the military personnel of the 5th separate special-purpose brigade at the parade held on Red Square in Moscow. They adequately presented the Belarusian armed forces on it.

Another important event was the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the 334th separate special detachment, which took place on the basis of the 5th separate team of special forces.

It's nice that the successes of the forces of special operations do not remain unnoticed, including at the highest level. Only this year by the head of the state for the exemplary fulfillment of official duties with the orders of the "For the Service of the Motherland" of the III degree were awarded Colonel Vladimir White and Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Schukhovich. Last year, these high awards were honored by Lieutenant Colonel Sergey Sukovhovil and Major Alexei Huzimmetov.

- At all times, the service in the "fought by all winds of the troops" was prestigious. How popular is the service today in the forces of special operations? Is young people in demand?

- We do not feel a shortage of those who want to undergo a service in the forces of special operations.

As for the preparation of officer personnel for our kind of troops, it is carried out at the Faculty of Military Intelligence of the Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus, as well as in the Ryazan Supreme Airborne Command School of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Training is carried out in two specialties: "Application of mobile units" and "Application of special purpose divisions."


The in demand of the profession of officer forces of special operations is evidenced by an annual competition for admission to the specialty of the CSO. This year he made more than two people in place, and the specialty "Application of special purpose divisions" is more than three people in place.

Service in the forces of special operations is really prestigious. We are glad to see in our rank of those who have thrust to romance, the desire to see something new, to learn a lot and temper the character.

Chronicle

On August 2, 1930, the teaching under Voronezh demonstrates the release of a group of armed parachutes. The composition of the landing was twelve people who were divided into two groups of six paratroopers. Weapons and ammunition paratroopers envisaged to reset from aircraft on special cargo parasites.

After the successful landing of the paratroopers group, armed with rifles, manual machine guns and grenades, were ready to perform combat missions.

Perspectives

The main directions of construction and development of the forces of special operations of the Armed Forces:

- development and testing of new ways to perform tasks;

- optimization of the organizational and standard structure of the compounds and military units in accordance with the solutions, as well as taking into account changes in the forms and methods of military confrontation;

- modernization of existing samples of weapons, military and special equipment and equipping with new samples of both domestic and foreign production;

- improving the quality of training specialists for the forces of special operations;

- Improvement of military townships and the creation for military personnel of housing and living conditions complying with modern requirements.


Associated Alexander Makarov

What are the forces of special operations of the Republic of Belarus? "Protect Russia" looks at the nearest neighbor to find out.

Photo: Protect Russia

In addition to them, the CSO use the latest Russian automata - for example. This automaton is made of impact-resistant glass-filled polyamide, which clearly facilitates the weight of the weapon. It is a mass of 3.6 kg, rapidity - 650 shots per minute, aiming range - 50 m.

Photo: Protect Russia

Now the CSO has the latest sets of special clothing and weapons for different habitats of fighters. The "Underwater paratrooper" in a set of underwater equipment "Scuba" sits with the box Airborne Fluster. It is equipped with a breathing apparatus with buoyancy compensator, neoprene wetsuit with gloves and shoes, flippers and a diving mask. It is the "paratrooper" with a set of Diver Equipment SLI-71, allowing to work at a depth of up to 40 m.

Photo: Protect Russia

"Beekeeper" is clothed with the "Summer Special" kit.

Photo: Protect Russia

And the sniper is dressed in the masking "Leshgo". To the right of it is represented by the windproof set "Gorka-E".

Photo: Protect Russia

The lyrics of the army names continues the set of winter vestments of paratroopers "Milk Snow".

On March 20, 1992, a government decree "On the establishment of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus" was adopted. On the same day, the Parliament of the Republic adopted the law "On the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus", on the basis of which their formation began.
In November 1992, the Supreme Council adopted the laws "On Defense", "On Universal Military Duty and Military Service", "On the status of servicemen."
And on December 6, 1992, at the 10th session of the Twelfth convocation of the Parliamentarian of the republic, a military doctrine took. Among the states of the CIS, Belarus was the first to adopt this document.

In accordance with the legislative acts adopted by the former troops of the Belarusian Military District (BVO) were reformed into the Armed Forces of Belarus in two stages.
At the first stage (1992) They were reduced by almost 30,000 people, their operational purpose was determined, developed the main guidelines.
In the second stage (1993-1994) The reduction of the army was mainly completed, its structural transformations were carried out, the control system was reformed.

The concentration of military units and compounds in the republic was the highest on the European continent. One soldier accounted for 43 civilians. (For comparison: in Ukraine - by 98, in Kazakhstan - by 118, in Russia - by 634 people). For the republic with the ten millionth population, such exorbitantly large armed forces were not needed, the costs of their content and equipment - unacceptable. In addition, their total number in accordance with the final act of the Helsinki Agreement dated July 10, 1992 should not exceed 100,000 military personnel.
In this regard, in 1992-1996, over 250 military formations, which were seriously reformed, were seriously reformed, and the number of military personnel decreased three times and in 1997 stabilized at 83 thousand people.
At the same time, the arsenal of military equipment and weapons was significantly reduced. This reduction was carried out by the beginning of 1996.

By the same time, the process of structural reform of the army was mainly completed: the general and tank armies were transformed into army corps, motorized rifle and tank divisions - into separate mechanized brigades, and part of them-in the storage base of weapons and equipment, airborne division and separate airborne - Diable brigade - in mobile forces consisting of three mobile brigades, aviation divisions and shelves - to aviation bases.

Since December 2001, the transition of armed forces on the two-visited structure - land forces and air force and air defense troops are carried out.

The command of the ground forces, in addition to the tasks of maintaining at the required level of combat readiness and combat capability, subordinate to him compounds and parts, also entrusted the function of managing the preparation and management of territorial defense. Bobruisk city of Bobruisk became the place of deployment of the land forces.

On the basis of the 28th and 65th Army buildings, Western and North-West operational commands were created. By 2005, the total number of armed forces amounted to 65 thousand people (50 thousand military personnel and 15 thousand people of civilian personnel).

Currently, the recruitment of the armed forces by sergeants and military service soldiers is carried out mainly on the territorial principle.
Since 1995, in the Belarusian army, the positions of the contract has been practiced in the posts and sergeant positions.

In the Belarusian army, the problem of training military personnel was solved. Created in 1995, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus on the basis of the Minsk Supreme Engineering Anti-Arising Rocket and Minsk Higher Military Command School, the Military Academy prepares officers for almost all types of armed forces and childbirth forces. The basis of the Chief Military University of the country is 10 faculties.
Along with this, Belarusian officers and cadets have the opportunity to receive education in the highest military educational institutions of the Russian Federation. Mostly there are training for military personnel of scarce specialties, the preparation of which is not conducted in Belarus.
To replenish the connections and parts by specialists and headlines in the Armed Forces there is a wide network of curriculum.

The status of a state secondary specialized educational institution with a military-professional direction of training and education of young men received the Minsk Suvorov Military School in 1995. His initial destination was returned to this educational institution - first of all, children of the dead military workers, orphans, guys from large families and poor families. The right of admission to the school has adolescents who graduated from 5 and 6 high school classes.

The difficult international situation demanded that at the end of the twentieth century, the creation of a fairly effective security system based on political, economic and military union with the Russian Federation.
Proclamation of a purely defensive nature of the military doctrine, the Republic of Belarus proceeds from the fact that none of the states are currently for her a potential opponent.

official website of the Ministry of Defense of Belarus http://www.mod.mil.by/


Tailing parts and connections

In the early 90s of the last century, in front of the military and political leadership of the country, the country had a difficult issue of preserving the 103rd Guards Airborne Division, the 38th Guards Assault Brigade and the 5th Separate Definition Brigade, which were part of the Armed Forces of the Republic Belarus, as well as rethinking the tasks that it is advisable to perform.
It was dictated by the proclamation of the Republic of Belarus of the military doctrine, which is purely defensive.
The reform of the armed forces of the country that followed this did not bypass the airborne parts.

In September 1995, on the basis of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division and the 38th Guards Assault-Storm Brigade, mobile forces were formed in the 38th, 317th and 350th separate mobile brigades. On the basis of the last two in 2002, a compound was formed to which the name of the 103rd Guards Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Kutuzov Ode of Cutuzov II degree separate mobile brigade.

Mobile forces were a generic forces intended to cover the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, the breakdown of special operations of the enemy and the fulfillment of other suddenly arising tasks.
The process of understanding the role of newly created formations in the system of the Armed Forces passed a difficult path. Initially, in the mid-1990s of the 20th century, these compounds were planned to be used similarly to general official. During the teachings of those years, the combination of mobile forces was most often used to maintain defensive and offensive actions, covering individual directions. Their main trumps: swiftness, onslaught and high maneuverability - remained unclaimed.

However, in the same period, the combination of mobile forces began to work out some of the tasks of special actions related, mainly with countering illegal armed formations and the ardent-sabotage forces of the enemy. Special intelligence units worked out issues of conducting special actions in the territory captured by the enemy. Further development the theory and practice of special actions received during the preparation and conduct of complex operational and operational and tactical teachings "Neman-2001", "Berezina-2002", "Clean Sky-2003", "Panel of Fatherland-2004", "Shield of the Union 2006 ", command-staff (tactical and special) teachings with the 38th Guards and 103rd Guards Individual Mobile Brigades, the 5th Separate Special Brigade.

In early 2004, in connection with the further increase in the role of the forces of special operations in modern wars, the management of the forces of special operations of the General Staff of the Armed Forces was created, fundamental changes in the organizational and staff structure of mobile compounds and parts were carried out.

In 2005, during the two-sided command-staff teaching with the troops of the North-Western operational command, a rather large spectrum was worked out on combat use of special operations.
The result of painstaking work was the further reform of mobile connections and guide systems. The first step on this path was the reorganization of the command of mobile forces and compounds, direct submission of mobile brigades to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus and the creation of special operations in the operational department.

To optimize the management of these compounds, the management of their combat and mobilization preparation, the organization of their construction and development, comprehensive support, coordination of actions during the fulfillment of the tasks, the implementation of planning activities of special operations in August 2007 in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, a command of the forces of special operations .

Currently, the total number of forces of special operations is about five thousand people. They are intended to perform intelligence, special and organizational tasks both at the temporarily captured by the enemy and on their territory. An equally important task is to fight terrorism.
In modern conditions, mobile brigades that make up the basis for the forces of special operations of the armed forces are not considered as mechanized compounds, but as special troops capable of conducting highly melanized, secretive and efficient combat operations with specific (non-traditional) methods. They suggest actions with small divisions in combination with active exploration, effective application of existing weapons, technology, engineering ammunition, stealth action.
One of the features of the preparation of units of the forces of special operations (CSO) of the Armed Forces is the mixed system of their acquisition - servicemen of the urgent and contract service. This allows us to prepare a trained reserve for the completion of divisions to military time and replenish divisions when restoring combat ability.

The preparation of units of special operations today is carried out directly on the teaching basis of the compounds and military units of the CSO of the Armed Forces.
Until the end of 2010, on the basis of the 103rd Guards Separate Mobile Brigade "Losvido" it is planned to create a training center for the preparation of special operations forces. This center will ensure that measures to improve the special training of the CSO of the Armed Forces are performed.
In the Belarusian CSO, when conducting special actions, there is a widespread use of regular armored vehicles, heavy weapons.
That is why mobile compounds and military units in Belarus are also called "heavy special forces".

The composition, structure and number of individual mobile brigades are practically the same type, with the exception of the combat technology of individual mobile battalions.
The 38th Guards Single Mobile Brigade is in service with armored personnel carriers of the BTR-80, and the 103rd Guards Single Mobile Brigade - Battle Machines of the BMD-1 landing machine.
In the organizational structure of the compounds and military units of special operations, almost all issues may depend on the fulfillment of the combat mission, while the rate is made on mobility (reducing the "summits"), the continued autonomy of the actions of parts and units without reducing their combat capability.
In addition, the main divisions are in a state of readiness and are able to perform combat missions without dustcoming personnel and technique in peacetime.

In the preparation of UNCD units of the Armed Forces, joint training activities with other troops and military formations of other powerful structures of the Military Organization are widely used.
At the same time, during the training of units, the CSO is widely studied and the experience of combat use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the forces of special operations of foreign states in modern military conflicts is taken into account. The content of the training of military personnel of the Armed Forces as close as possible to the actual conditions of modern hostilities. The CSO divisions are constantly in readiness to perform suddenly emerging tasks, in close cooperation with other power structures and local administrative and executive bodies.
Currently, a slender system of views on conducting special actions and the application of the forces of special operations of the Armed Forces has been developed, although theoretical and practical development in this field of military art continues.

Based on the analysis of the trends in the development of the armed forces of foreign countries, the experience of maternity conflicts of the last decade and conducted exercises, it was determined that the forces of special operations of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus are intended to perform various tasks with special methods and methods in order to prevent escalation or termination of armed conflict in relation to Of the Republic of Belarus on the part of any aggressor and are one and basic elements of strategic deterrence.



REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

At the turn of 80-90. The last century rapidly developing instability was greatly affected by all parties to society. One of the important tasks began to bring down the crime wave, ensure order in society. Therefore, in the Republic of Belarus there are many special detachments, and with every force ministry.

Army special forces

5th Separate Special Brigade

HISTORY

Formed in 1962 as a reconnaissance airborne part, has a high level of combat training and a huge combat experience. It is housed in Marnaya Region Pukhovichi district of the Minsk region. Participated in hostilities as part of a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan, specialized in Transcaucasia during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

The emergence of such military units and compounds in the Soviet Army is caused by the presence of it, as was customary to call, our likely opponent in Europe of nuclear tactical weapons. The tasks of the airborne brigades included the destruction of command points and launching plants of missiles, the supply bases of flammable and ammunition, collecting intelligence, sabotage on communications, in the future - and the organization of the partisan movement in the enemy. Special forces was designed to carry out operations in the deep rear of small groups. All brigades directly submitted to the General Intelligence Department of the General Staff. Soon there was a unique division - the company, which consisted only from officers and ensigns, well-trained professionals. The best of the best was selected, flawlessly mastered various martial arts styles, shooting from all types of small arms, including Western samples. There was a prerequisite for knowledge of foreign languages. The servicemen also passed the course of light-volume training under the program of sea special forces, mountaineering and piloting of the motodeltaplan. The company was intended to fulfill particularly important tasks in the interests of the Human Staff.

PREPARATION

The main direction of training is intelligence and sabotage activities. Scouts teach to overcome the swamps, water obstacles. "Field - Academy of Soldier" - fighters are carried out at the landfill about seven months a year.

To make a loss to fulfill the task away from the fixed forces, the special forces must be a universal soldier. In his arsenal - tactics of secretive movement, knowledge of engineering, knowledge of hand-to-hand combat and first aid skills. Distinctive features are the skillful management of all kinds of army transport and the ability to shoot from various samples of small arms, including trophy.

There are no mountains in Belarus, but there are many high-rise buildings. Therefore, the basis of the skill is urban mountaineering. Classes are held not only on the territory of the brigade, they are organized and together with colleagues from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB. Conditions for diving training are carried out.

The special forces are packed with the sky, and in a largest way. Landing with high accuracy day and night, in all weather conditions. For this, new parachutes were admitted here, which allow scouts to perform jumps from any height and at any speed of the aircraft. In addition to the parachutes, there are special forces and motor-trap plans in the arsenal.

Armament

Like many special forces of the former republics of the USSR, the Army special forces of Belarus is equipped with weapons and equipment of Soviet and Russian production.

Special Forces KGB "Alpha"

The Alpha Group under the Committee of State Security of the USSR was established in 1974. In March 1990, the then Chairman of the KGB V. Kryuchkov signed an order to create the 11th group of KGB of the USSR with a deployment in Minsk. The document lists the tasks of the established operational combat unit: Localization and suppression of terrorist and extremist shares, especially dangerous criminal manifestations. The area of \u200b\u200bactivity is Belarus and the Baltic Republic.

From October 1991 to January 1992, the Group was at the disposal of the General Protection Office under the President of the USSR President. Then he entered the structure of the central office of the KGB of the Republic of Belarus. The fighters of the group performed special operational tasks, and in 1992-1994. It was brought to ensure the physical protection and security of the leadership of Belarus and members of foreign delegations. The range of tasks gradually expanded; Now it also includes the struggle with organized crime, as well as the illegal export of precious metals, material and historical values \u200b\u200boutside the country.

SELECTION

When creating Alfa, preference was given to officers who had combat experience, former paratroopers, professional athletes. Today, candidates must be a higher education and service in the army. Special attention is paid to the ability to make large psychological and physical exertion. The average age of fighters is 30-35 years old.

For a while there were rumors that Alpha fighters received military experience in Chechnya, but the Group's leadership persistently denies it.

Special forces of border troops

A separate service of active events (OSAM) is a division into whose task is an anti-terrorist activity in the border strip.

The history of the special forces of the KGB border troops under the Council of Ministers of the USSR began in 1981. The target of the group operating in Afghanistan was the struggle against the counter-revolutionary underground and the agent of enemy special services.

The Osia appeared after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1993 his first commander was Gennady Neelylaks. One of the primary tasks of the special unit was the fight against illegal migration. Later, new tasks appeared - the fight against economic crime and drug smuggling, countering terrorism and human trafficking.

On the shaped chevron of the soldier Osama - two crossed ball and wind rose against the background of the country contour.

At one time, the Osam was headed by the Chairman of the Border Committee Igor Rachkovsky. And served in the special division of the eldest sons of the President of the country - Victor and Dmitry Lukashenko.

TASKS

The following tasks are assigned to the special forces of the border service;

Conduct operations related to the implementation of operational information on hostile activities at the state border and in the checkpoints of the special services of foreign states, extremist and criminal groups;

Protection in extreme conditions of premises, vehicles and other objects of operational organs;

Implementation of reconnaissance and search activities;

Ensuring the safety of activities conducted by the Border Guide;

The liberation of hostages from the number of servicemen of troops, organs and organizations of the border service;

Study of the operational situation in areas (places) of the intended actions of the Group, carrying out the reconnoitions of the specified areas (places);

Participation in conducting special events related to the implementation of specific operational information, information of interacting law enforcement agencies;

Participation in wanted and detention of armed groups and persons crossed or trying to cross the border;

Ensuring the safety of the guide to the border service during travel around the country and abroad;

Ensuring the safety of the operational composition of the border service when carrying out activities at the state border;

Ensuring personal security of PS military personnel and their families in cases provided for by law;

Providing the security of the group.

Armament and equipment

Armament is predominantly Soviet and Russian production. The division is equipped with modern radio stations. In high-pass vehicles, it is additionally strengthened by bumpers rails, weld steel bottom, poured a rubber mixture into the tires.

Special forces of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

3rd separate red-known special-purpose brigade

The third separate red-known team of special forces (V / h 3214, Uruchye) was formed on the basis of the 334th regiment of the 120th division. It is prepared both for overclocking street shares and to participate in special operations. This is the shock part of the internal troops. The number of personnel is 1500-2000 people. As part of a brigade - special purpose battalions, a special rapid response (samp) and supply units.

The main tasks of the brigade are the fight against terrorism, actions in case of emergency situations, preparation for the occurrence of military hazards.

In peacetime, the brigade fighters are involved in the protection of public order in the capital of the republic, often go to tasks and beyond Minsk. During street shares, the brigade is usually kept in reserve and use only in the most extreme cases.

Fighters get comprehensive and diverse training. The program includes acrobatics, hand-to-hand combat, power training, athletic gymnastics, cross. Very much attention is paid to shooting from different types of weapons, as well as tactical and special training in various situations.

In fact, the Diamond and the special forces of the Ministry of the Interior began. True, then this division was called "Berkut", and its main appointment was the organization of prison anti-terror. Such detachments were created in other Soviet republics.

To date, this is a quick response detachment. In 1994, the then head of the "Berkut" and the future Minister of Internal Affairs Vladimir Naumov made an initiative to rename special uniforms in Almaz. On the basis of the management of the former republics of the USSR urgently began to form a division of prison anti-terror. The order was signed on January 2, 1992. Vladimir Naumov was appointed the first commander of the division, then another patrol commander.

The main tasks solved at that time were:

Liberation of hostages;

Detention of armed criminals;

Elimination of unrest in places of imprisonment.

Forces then, a number of minor special forces were conducted a number of investigations on the search and detention of dangerous criminals who accomplished the escape from the investigators of Minsk and Brest. The hostages captured by recidivists in the correctional colonies of Orsha and Minsk were prevented, a massive escape from the colony in Shklove was prevented.

A division was changed with a change in the nature of crime. At this time, many different criminal groups appeared. They spoke about mafia, thieves, authorities, about the section of territories and spheres of influence. Not limited to the walls of colonies and Belarusian terrorism. There was a wider use of special forces. The question arose about the reorganization. There was a review of all units of special purpose, and chose the best-"diamond".

Since the fall of 1994, the division is transformed into a special unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus with submission personally to the Minister. On the shoulders of the fighters lies with the responsibility for the fulfillment of the most complex tasks: the elimination of terrorist attacks, the liberation of hostages, the detention of various criminal armed groups.

The history of the Name of Special Forces is unique - in many countries, such formations are still called "Berkut" or "Falcon", and Belarusians went on another way. The new name was chosen not by chance - diamond symbolizes hardness, purity, nobility. In a memo for the fighters, their commander once wrote: "Always remember that the employee of the special unit should be clean and firm as a diamond."

During the years of the existence of SPBT "Almaz", a huge practical experience has been accumulated, the terrorist attacks are stopped and about 100 hostages are exempted, together with the operational units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, more than five and a half thousand special operations for the search and suppression of the activities of organized criminal groups and organizations. One of the most resonant events "Almaz" was the detention in Minsk suspects in the murder of the Russian journalist Paul Khlebnikov.

TASKS

The main tasks are:

Preventing terrorist acts;

Detection and neutralization of explosive devices;

Conducting special measures to detect and detention of dangerous armed criminals, on the withdrawal of fake monetary signs, narcotic, chemical and radioactive substances and ammunition;

Ensuring the physical safety of the operational composition of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;

Conducting search and intelligence activities;

The protection of judges and persons by the controlling composition of the republic, the highest persons of the state and foreign delegations.

About the combat readiness of the unit says such a fact: in the case of anxiety, the Almazmen must arrive at the base for 5-7 minutes. And within 20 minutes, intelligence and combat group are sent to anywhere in the country. Another 20 minutes follows the second group.

Mostly in Almaz, officers come from similar units of the Ministry of Defense, Militia Special Forces, the Head Services of the Head of State, border troops. As a rule, these are people who spent at least five years and have already participated in special operations. Serve in "Almaz" and women - negotiations and snipers.

Armament corresponds to the arming of other special units of Belarus.

Minsk Police Regiment Special Forces

The regiment was formed in the fall of 2005 on the basis of a special purpose police squad. Both then, and now the main task of the regiment - the protection of public order during various mass shares.

Other tasks were:

Providing personal and property safety of citizens on the streets and in other public places;

Prevention and suppression of offenses, group disorders of public order and mass riots;

Participation in conjunction with other services and divisions of the internal affairs bodies in the detention of armed criminals, the preventiveness of the activities of organized groups and criminal organizations;

Participation in special events and operations conducted by the internal affairs authorities.

In addition, the division fighters should be prepared for cataclysms, catastrophes, disassembled and man-made accidents.

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