Nikita Khrushchev is one of the most controversial figures in the history of the USSR. He was the "peasant son", rising to the top of the authorities, which did not prevent politics to celebrate the achievements in the "reorganization" of the Soviet society after the dead ideological schemes of his predecessor. Nikita Sergeevich became the brightest reformer of the Soviet Union, the failures and achievements of which and today are discussing historians.

Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev was born on April 15, 1894 in the village of Kalinovka Kursk province in a poor mining family. Nikita childhood cannot be called happy, since from the young age the future chapter of the USSR had to work to help parents to reduce ends meet.

The initial education of Khrushchev received in church-parish school, where he studied. On the summer vacation, the boy worked as a shepherd, and in the winter he studied to write and read. In the early 1900s, the State Worker's family moved to Yuzku, where Nikita Sergeevich began to work on a machine-building plant since 14 years old. Here, the young man was taught a locksmith. After 4 years, Nikita moved to work at the coal mine and joined the Bolsheviks party, in the ranks of which participated in the Civil War.

In 1918, Nikita Khrushchev received membership in the Communist Party, and in two years he became the political head of the Donbas Rutchenkovsky mine. At that time, the future leader of the Soviet Union enters the Donbass industrial technician at the working faculty and in the walls of the educational institution begins to lead party activity, which allows us to receive an appointment to the post of partiescet.


In 1927, Nikita Sergeyevich was lucky enough to get into the real political "cuisine" - as a representative of the UZovka was invited to the CSP congress, where he had a fateful acquaintance with the "gray Cardinal Stalin". He saw political potential in Khrushchev and contributed to his rapid career.

Politics

The serious political biography of Nikita Khrushchev begins in 1928. Then Kaganovich advanced it to the central office of the Communist Party of Ukraine. In this regard, Nikita Sergeyevich had to enter the Moscow Academy, as secondary education was not enough for the republican official.


At the Academy of Khrushchev began actively engaged in party activities and soon led the politburo of the educational institution, since his policy was more attracted than the educational process. The clarity and diligence of Nikita Sergeyevich in party cases were appreciated by the Soviet authorities, and soon he was appointed by the second secretary of the Moscow City Mountain of the WCP. In 1934, Khrushchev becomes the head of the Moscow party organization, having changed Kaganovich's lasquarters on this post.

In 1938, Nikita Khrushchev returned to Ukraine and appoint the first secretary of the Ukrainian SSR. Having received the first honorary "official trophy", Nikita Sergeevich began to restore the management office in Ukraine, which was destroyed by repressions of 1937. At the same time, he manifested himself as a merciless wrestler with "enemies" - just 120 thousand people with Western Ukraine, sent to their reprints, literally over the year.


For the years of the Ukrainian government, Khrushchev had the Great Patriotic War, during which the politician was also not sat planned. He led the partisan movement behind the front line and to the conclusion of the war, he was accustomed to the title of Lieutenant General, although historians are responsible for a number of defeats in the Red Army in the Ukrainian territory in Nikita Sergeevich.

After the war, Nikita Khrushchev remained the leader of the Ukrainian SSR, but in 1949 he went to an increase - he was transferred to Moscow for the position of head of the largest party organization of the USSR.


In 1953, Nikita Khrushchev reached the vertex of power. Then, when the whole country plunged into mourning on the occasion of Stalin's death, he together with comrades, among whom was the Marshal Zhukov, virtuoso beat rivals to the post of head of the USSR. Khrushchev eliminated the main challenger to the post of head of the Union of Lawrence Beria, who accused the enemy of the people and shot the espionage.

In September 1953, Khrushchev was elected first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, which became an unexpected turn for the Soviet population, since during the reign of Stalin always put Nikita Sergeyevich with a small spacecraft.


The years of the Khrushchev reign were marked by serious breakthroughs and dips in the economy of the Soviet Union. The loudest of them was the "corn epic" - the Soviet leader decided to make the "queen of the fields" the main cereria of the USSR, ordered to grow corn everywhere, even where it in principle could not give a harvest, for example, in Siberia.

Among the "achievements", the Khrushchev reforms who beat the key from it are not to be noted. They got the name "Khrushchev Thaw" and were more associated with the exposure of the cult of Stalin's personality.


The reforms of Nikita Khrushchev are characterized by the elimination of the catastrophic consequences of the Stalinist repression of the 1930s, the release of thousands of political prisoners, the emergence of partial freedom of speech, openness to the Western world and the introduction of relative democratization into the public and political life of the country.

However, the economic policy of Khrushchev was not just a failure, but catastrophic for the Union. The ambitious leader of the USSR decided to "overtake America" \u200b\u200band increase the economic indicators of the country several times, which led to an unexpected collapse in agriculture and hunger.


At the same time, among the achievements of Khrushchev, it is possible to note indisputable success - he rapidly developed construction and raised millions of Soviet citizens to their own apartments. Apartments "Khrushchev" were and remain small and unsuccessfully planned, but at times exceeded the comfort of the communal, which was satisfied with the population.

Also Khrushchev initiated the development of the space industry - in the years of his rule, the first satellite in space was launched and the famous flight took place. In addition, Nikita Sergeevich earned glory and as a patron of art. He loosened censorship in the literature, launched a telecast program for most of the Union and activated the film industry. The first films of the Khrushchev thaw "Spring on Zarechnaya Street", "Carnival Night", "Amphibian Man" and others.


The foreign policy of Khrushchev led to strengthening the Cold War, but at the same time strengthened the situation of the Soviet Union in the international arena. First of all, having come to power, Khrushchev initiated the creation of the organization of the Warsaw Agreement (ATS), which was supposed to withstand the North Atlantic Alliance of Western powers. The new treaty united the USSR, the countries of Eastern Europe and the GDR. A year later, the first uprising against Soviet power took place in Hungary.

In 1957, by order of Khrushchev, the World Festival of Youth and Students took place in the capital of the USSR, where participants from 131 countries gathered. The event has a positive effect on the image of a Soviet person in the eyes of foreigners, but a decrease in tension in relations with the United States did not help.


In 1961, the political crisis was called in Germany, which led to the emergence of the Berlin Wall. In the same year, the only meeting of Khrushchev and. In the year of the United States and the USSR exchanged threats - America posted nuclear warheads aimed at the Soviet Union, in Turkey, and the USSR - in Cuba. A caribbean crisis has begun, which almost overgrowed in the third world war. But diplomatic negotiations helped to remove tension. In 1963, both sides signed an agreement on the prohibition of nuclear tests in the air, space and under water.

Sunset of political career Nikita Khrushchev fell in 1964. Against the background of mistakes and miscalculations, the politician was removed from the power of the Communists. He came to shift. Nikita Sergeevich became the only Soviet leader who left the post of chapter of the USSR alive.


Nikita Khrushchev entered the Soviet history in an ambiguous political image. Nevertheless, even more than 70 years after his Board of the USSR, the winged phrases policies remain on the lips of modern society. "We buried you" and "Kuzkin Mother" Nikita Khrushchev is well remembered in the USA, since in the direction of the West, the Soviet leader was given such "threats". The second phrase brought the delegation of Americans headed by the vice-president into confusion, since the translation of this idiomatic expression sounded literally: "Mother Kuzma."

And the photo of Nikita Khrushchev, swinging the shoe, even received the status of caricature in the Western media. Although later this picture of the son of Khrushchev, Sergey called the photo montage. In fact, Nikita Sergeyevich shakeped out the pebble boot, being at the UN meeting, when the issue of the Hungarian Agreement was considered.

Personal life

Nikita Khrushchev's personal life is no less interesting than his political career. The third head of the USSR was married twice and had five children.


For the first time Nikita Sergeevich married at the very beginning of the party activity for Efrosini Pisareva, which in 1920 died of typhus. For six years of marriage, the first wife of Khrushchev gave birth to him two children - Leonid and Julia. In 1922, Khrushchev began living with a girl named Marusya. Relationships launched no more than two years. The girl has already raised the child from the previous marriage, to whom Khrushchev continued to help materially.

The second wife Nikita Sergeyevich became Nina Kukharchuk, Ukrainian by nationality, which entered the story as the first spouse of the Soviet leader, accompanying him at official events. With Nina Petrovna, the head of the USSR lived for more than 40 years in civil marriage and only in 1965 officially registered relations.


Nina was a daughter of the peasants, in Yuzovka worked as a party school teacher, where he met Nikita Khrushchev. Despite the origin, Nina Petrovna spent fluently in Russian, Ukrainian, Polish and French, as he was educated in the Mariinsky Women's School. Nina Petrovna's self-education did not stop during marriage. In the late 1930s, being already the mother of three children, she began to learn English. In the second marriage in the family of the Soviet leader, three children were born - Rada, and Elena.

Death

With Nina Kukharchuk Khrushchev lived until the end of his life. After the resignation of Nikitu Sergeyevich "removed" away from Moscow and moved to the cottage in Zhukovka-2 to Moscow region. Politician could not get used to forced ascetic. As a former manager of Khrushchev often scolded new orders, which led, in his opinion, to the gradual collapse of agriculture. Suddenly, for the Nikita Nikita, Sergeevich was addicted to listening to the programs of foreign radio stations "Voice of America", "BBC", "German Wave", began to build a garden. But at times, the former head of state fell into depression, which could not affect health.


He died on September 11, 1971 from a heart attack. I buried Nikita Sergeevich at the Novodevichy Mosch's Cemetery. After the death of Khrushchev, Nina Petrovna came telegrams with the words of condolences from around the world. Later on the grave of the head of the USSR, a monument was appeared created by Ernst Unknown.

Memory

  • 1989 - "Stalingrad"
  • 1992 - "On Deribasovskaya, good weather, or on Brighton Beach again come rain"
  • 1992 - "Stalin"
  • 1993 - "Gray Wolves"
  • 1996 - "Children of the Revolution"
  • 2005 - "Battle for Cosmos"
  • 2009 - "Miracle"
  • 2011 - "Clan Kennedy"
  • 2012 - "Zhukov"
  • 2013 - "Gagarin. First in space »
  • 2015 - "Main"
  • 2016 - "Mysterious Passion"
  • 2017 - "The death of Stalin"


H.rukhchenov Nikita Sergeevich - Soviet State and Party Worker, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Lieutenant-General.

5 (17) of April 1894 was born in the village of Kalinovka Dmitrievsky county of Kursk province, now the Kursk Region Kursk region, in the family family. Russian. Member of the RCP (b) / CPSU since 1918.

Since childhood, I bared at the landlord. Since 1909 - a student of a locksmith at the Boss plant in Yuzovka (now Donetsk), since 1912 - a mechanic at the mines in Yuzovka, from 1915 - a locksmith in the workshops in the same place. In 1917, he returned to his homeland, Chairman of the Poor Committee in his native village Kalinovka.

The participant of the Civil War, since 1918 in the Red Army: Red Army, Chairman of the Patcher of the Regiment, Commissar of the Battalion in the 9th Rifle Division of the 12th Army, Polytotel Instructor in the 9th Kuban Army, Polymatotamist in the Donetsk Labor Army. He fought on the southern front and in Kuban.

In 1922, demobilized, was an assistant manager of the Rutchenkovsky ore department in Yuzku.

In 1925 he graduated from Dreafak in Yuzovka, during his studies was there secretary of the Patcheri. From 1925 - the first secretary of the Petrovo-Marynsky district committee of the WCP (b) in Yuzovka, since 1926 - the head of the organizational department, then Deputy Secretary of the District Committee of the WCP (b) in Stalino. Since 1928, the Deputy Head of the Organizing and Management Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine in Kharkov and Kiev.

Since 1929 he studied at the Industrial Academy named after I.V. Stalin in Moscow. From January 1931 - the first secretary of Baumansky, from July 1931 - Krasnopresnensky district party in Moscow. From January 1932 - Second Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the WCP (b).

From January 1934 - the first secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the WCP (b). From March 1935 - the first secretary of the Moscow Committee and the Moscow City Committee of the WCP (b). From February 1938 - the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

During the years of the Great Patriotic War, N.S.xvechuyv - Member of the Military Sovieties of the South-Western Direction (10.08.1941 - 06/20/1942), South-West (09/26/1941 - 12.07.1942), Stalingrad (12.07.1942 - 31.12.1942 ), South (01.1943 - 28.02.1943), Voronezh (2.03.1943 - 10.20.1943), 1st Ukrainian (10/20/1943 - 1.08.1944) fronts. Participated in the Kiev and Sumy-Kharkov defensive operations, Bavenkovo-Lozovskaya and Kharkov (May 1942) offensive operation., The last of which ended with a catastrophic defeat of the Red Army, participated in the defensive and offensive stages of the Stalingrad battle, the Rostov offensive operation, in the Kursk battle and Battle for the Dnieper, in the Proskur-Chernivtsi offensive operation.

In February 1944 - December 1947 - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (since 1946 - Council of Ministers) of the Ukrainian SSR. From December 26, 1947 - the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Ukraine. From December 16, 1949 - Secretary of the Central Committee of the CSP (b) and at the same time (until March 10, 1953) First Secretary of the Moscow Committee of the WCP (b). From December 16, 1949 to January 25, 1950, at the same time the first secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the WCP (b).

In the future, taking the post of first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, N.S. Khrushchyv from March 27, 1958 was simultaneously chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

W.kasem of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 16, 1954 for outstanding services to the Communist Party and the Soviet people, in connection with the 60th anniversary of the birth Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevichawarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Medal "Sickle and Hammer" (№ 6759).

W.kazida of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 8, 1957, noting the outstanding merits of the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Comrade Khrushcheva N.S. In the development and implementation of measures to master the virgin and landlord land, the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Sickle and the hammer" was awarded.

W.kazDidium Kazidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 17, 1961 for outstanding services in the leadership of the creation and development of the rocket industry, science and technology and the successful implementation of the world's first space flight in the Satellite Satellite Satellite, which opened a new era in the development of space, He was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Third Gold Medal "Sickle and Hammer".

W.the Kazidium of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 16, 1964 for outstanding services to the Communist Party and the Soviet state in the construction of a communist society, strengthening the economic and defense power of the Soviet Union, the development of the fraternal friendship of the Peoples of the USSR, in conducting a Leninist peace-loving policy and noting exceptional merits in combating Hitler's invaders during the Great Patriotic War, in connection with the 70th anniversary of the birth Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevichthe title Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the medal "Golden Star" (No. 11220).

Member of the Political Bureau CCP (b) (03/22/1939 - 10/05/1952), Member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (10/16/1952 - 10/14/1964).

At the plenum of the CPSU Central Committee on October 14, 1964, N.S. Khrushchev was released from the duties of the first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and the members of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee. The next day, October 15, Khrushcheva was liberated from the duties of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

Personal pensioner of union value. Died on September 11, 1971. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Lieutenant General (12.02.1943). 7 orders of Lenin (13.05.1935, April 16, 1944, 01/23/1948, 04/13/19, 04/04/12, 06/14/1961, 04/16/17, 17.06.1961, 16.04.1964), Suvorov 1-th degree orders (2.05.1945), Kutuzov 1st degrees (27.08.1943), Suvorov of the 2nd degree (9.04.1943), the Patriotic War of the 1st degree (1.02.1945), a working red banner (7.02.1939), the medals "Partiz of the Patriotic War" 1st degree "For the defense of Stalingrad", "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.", "For valiant work in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", other medals, foreign awards: the orders of White Lion (Czechoslovakia, 1964 ), "Star of the Socialist Republic of Romania" (1964), George Dimitrov (Bulgaria, 1964), Karl Marx (German Democratic Republic, 1964), Suke Bator (Mongolia, 1964), "Necklace Nile" (Egypt, 1964), medal "20 years of Slovak National uprising" (Czechoslovakia, 1964). Hero of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (1964).

Honorary Citizen Cities Sofia (Bulgaria, 1962), Varna (Bulgaria, 1962). Monuments N.S. Khrushchev installed in the Krasnodar Territory and the city of Vladimir. In September 2009, the marble bust was established in his native village Kalinovka Khomutovsky district. At the building of the Donetsk National Polytechnic University, in which N.S. Khrushchev studied, a memorial plaque was installed.

The writing:
Memories. Selected fragments. - M.: "Vagribus", 1997.

First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee from 1953 to 1964, Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. Hero of the Soviet Union, three times the hero of socialist labor.


The cult of the personality of Stalin has developed a number of democratic transformations and mass rehabilitation of political prisoners. Improved the relations of the USSR with capitalist countries and Yugoslavia. His privacy policy and the refusal to transfer nuclear weapons led to a gap with Mao Zedong regime in China.

Began the first programs of mass housing construction (Khrushchevka) and the development of outer space by mankind.

Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev was born in 1894 in the village of Kalinovka Kursk province. In 1908, Khrushchev's family moves to Yuzku. From the age of 14 began to work at the factories and mines of Donbass.

In 1918, Khrushcheva is accepted into the Bolsheviks Party. He participates in the Civil War, and after graduation it is on business and party work.

In 1922, Khrushchev returns to Yuzvik and studying at the Sberbacker of Dontehnikum, where it becomes a part of the technical school. In July 1925, he was appointed by the party head of the Petrovo-Maryn district of Stalin's province.

In 1929 he received a study at the Industrial Academy in Moscow, where he was elected secretary of the partycom.

From January 1931 - Secretary of Baumansky, and then Krasnopresnensky district schools, in 1932-1934 he worked first by the second, then the first secretary of the MGC and the second secretary of the MK WCP (b). In 1938, it becomes the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Ukraine and the Politburo Candidate, and another year after a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPP (b). On these positions showed itself as a merciless fighter with the "enemies of the people."

During the Great Patriotic War, Khrushchev was a member of the military councils of the southwestern direction, the South-West, Stalingrad, South, Voronezh and 1st Ukrainian fronts. He was one of the perpetrators of the catastrophic environments of the RKKU near Kiev (1941) and under Kharkov (1942) fully supporting the Stalinist point of view. He graduated from the war in the rank of lieutenant-general. In October 1942, an order was issued for the signature of Stalin, which has been abandoned by a double command system and translated commissioners from the command staff in advisers. But it should be noted that Khrushchev remained the only political worker (by the commission), whose advice was listened to General Chuikov in the fall of 1942 in Stalingrad. The Xeruchev was located in the front team echelon behind the Mamaev Kurgan, then at the tractor plant.

In the period from 1944 to 1947, he worked as chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR, then once again elected the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Ukraine. Since December 1949, he is again the first secretary of the Moscow Regional and Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party.

In June 1953, after the death of Joseph Stalin, was one of the main initiators of bias from all posts and arrest of Lavrentia Beria. In September 1953, Khrushchev was elected first secretary of the Central Committee. At the XX Congress, the CPSU made a report on the cult of the personality of I. V. Stalin. On June 1957, the Central Committee of the Central Committee of 1957 won the group of V.Molotov, Malenkova, L. Kaganovich and who joined him D. Shepilov. From 1958 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. At these posts were until October 14, 1964. The October Plenum of the Central Committee, organized in the absence of Khrushchev, who was on vacation, freed him from the party and state positions "for health state." After that, Nikita Khrushchev was under actual home arrest. Khrushchev died on September 11, 1971.

After the resignation of Khrushchev, his name for more than 20 years was actually banned; In the encyclopedias, it was an extremely brief official characteristic: in his activities there were elements of subjectivism and voluntarism. In restructuring, the discussion of Khrushchev's activities was again possible; He emphasized his role as the "predecessor" of restructuring, at the same time appealed attention to his own role in repressions, and on the negative aspects of his leadership. The only case of perpetuating the memory of Khrushchev is still the assignment of its name in Grozny in 1991. During the lifetime of Khrushchev, his name was briefly called the city of the builders of the Kremenchug HPP (Kirovograd region of Ukraine), who, after his resignation, was renamed Kremgrant, and then to Svetlovodsk.

Family Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeevich was married twice. In the first marriage with Efrosiny Ivanovna Pisareva (mind in 1920) were born:

Khrushcheva, Yulia Nikitichna

Khrushchev, Leonid Nikitovich (1918-1943) - died at the front.

Secondly married in 1917 at Nina Petrovna Kukharchuk (1900-1984), which gave him three children:

Khrushcheva, Rada Nikitichna - was married to Alexey Ajube.

Khrushchev, Sergey Nikitovich (1935) - Specialist Racket, Professor. Lives in the USA since 1990, teaches at Brown University. Accepted American citizenship. Father TVURNALIST N. S. Khrushcheva (died in 2007).

Khrushcheva, Elena Nikitichna

Khrushchev reform

In the field of agriculture: increased procurement prices, reducing the tax burden.

The issuance of passports of collective farmers began - under Stalin, they did not have freedom of movement.

The resolution of dismissal from work on their own will (before that, without the consent of the administration, it was impossible, and for self-consuming care followed criminal punishment).

Resolution of abortions at the request of a woman and simplify the divorce procedure.

The creation of Sovvarkhozov - a failed attempt to change the departmental principle of management of the economy into territorial.

The development of virginity began, the introduction of corn in the culture. The passion for the corn was accompanied by extremes, for example, they tried to grow in Karelia.

Relocation of utility apartments - for this, the mass construction of "Khrushchevok" began.

Khrushchev announced in 1961 at the XXII Congress Congress, that by 1980 Communism will be built in the USSR - "The current generation of Soviet people will live with communism!" At that time, most people of the socialist bloc (together with China more than 1 billion people.) With an inspiration perceived this statement.

During the Board of Khrushchev, the preparation of "Kosyginsky reforms" was begun - attempts to introduce individual elements of the market economy into the planned socialist economy.

A significant moment in the development of the USSR economy was also a refusal to introduce a nationwide automated system - a system of centralized computer management of the entire economy of the country developed by the USSR Academy of Sciences and brought to the step of pilot introduction in individual enterprises.

Despite the proceedings, a significant increase in the economy and its partial turn towards the consumer, the welfare of most Soviet people left much to be desired.

Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev. Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich (1894 1971), politician. From the peasants. From 1909, the locksmith at the factories and mines of Donbass. In 1928, Head of the Organizational Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1894 1971), political and statesman, Hero of the Soviet Union (1964), Hero of Socialist Labor (1954, 1957, 1961). From the peasants. From 1909, the locksmith at the factories and mines of Donbass. In 1928, the Head of the Organizational Department of the Central Committee of the CP (b) ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Soviet state and party leader. Member of the CPSU since 1918. Born in the family of Shakhtar. From 1908 worker at the factories and mines of Donbass. Civil War Member 1918-20, then ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

N. S. Khrushchev. Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich (1894, Valinovka village of Kursk province - 1971, Moscow), political and statesman, Hero of Socialist Labor (1954, 1957, 1961), Hero of the Soviet Union (1964). Born in the peasant ... ... Moscow (Encyclopedia)

Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich - Nikita Sergeevich (1894-1971), polit. and state Worker, Hero Sov. Union (1964), Hero Soc. Labor (1954, 1957, 1961). From the peasants. From 1909, the locksmith at the factories and mines of Donbass. In 1928 head. Organizer Department of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Ukraine, from 1929 he studied in ... ... Biographical Dictionary

Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev Date of birth: 1960 Date of death: February 22, 2007 Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich (1960 2007) Journalist of the Moscow News newspaper, grandson ... Wikipedia

Wikipedia has articles about other people with the surname Khrushchev. Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich (journalist) Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev Russian: Soviet and Russian journalist Date of birth ... Wikipedia

The request "Khrushchev" is redirected here. Cm. Also other values. Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev ... Wikipedia

The request "Khrushchev" is redirected here. Cm. Also other values. Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev ... Wikipedia

Books

  • Khrushchev N. S. Memories. Time. People. Power in 2 kN. Kn. 2, Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich. The second book of memories N. S. Khrushchev is dedicated to the relationship with the outside world, primarily with the nearest allies - East European countries and the main rival - ...
  • Khrushchev N. S. Memories. Time. People. Power in 2 kN. Kn. 1, Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich. Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev (1894-1971) headed the Soviet power in 1953-1964. He began to dictate his memories in 1965, almost immediately after the resignation, and continued to work on them to ...

Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich - Soviet state and party leader. 1st secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Lieutenant-General.

Born April 17, 1894 (5th under Art. Style) in the village of Kalinovka now Dmitrievsky district of the Kursk region in the family of the worker. Member of WCP (b) / CPSU since 1918. Participant of the Civil War, then on the economic and party work in Ukraine. He graduated from Rabafak, in 1929 he studied at the Industrial Academy. Since 1931, on party work in Moscow, since 1935 - the 1st Secretary of the Moscow Committee and the Moscow City Committee of the WCP (b). Since 1938 - 1st secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

During the Great Patriotic War, N.S. Khrushchev is a member of the military councils of the south-west direction, the South-West, Stalingrad, South, Voronezh, 1st Ukrainian fronts. February 12, 1943 Khrushchev N.S. Awarded the military rank "Lieutenant-General".

In 1944-47, the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (since 1946 - the Council of Ministers) of the Ukrainian SSR. Since 1947 - 1st secretary of the Central Committee of the CP of Ukraine. Since 1949 - Secretary of the Central Committee and the 1st Secretary of the Moscow Committee of the WCP (b).

The ascent of the Khrushchev on the top of power after the death of I. V. Stalin was accompanied by a request for him and the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR G. M. Malenkov on the commander of the Moscow region (renamed to the district) of the police station General Colonel Moskalenko K.S. To pick up a military group, among whom Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov G. K. and Colonel-General Batitsky P.F. For the past 26 June 1953, they participate in the meeting at the meeting of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR, Marshal of the Soviet Union Beria L. P., who will later be accused of "anti-party and anti-state activities aimed at undermining the Soviet state" , deprive all the awards and ranks. On December 23, 1953, he was sentenced to shooting.

In the future, taking the post of the 1st secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, N.S. Khrushchev in 1958-64 is simultaneously chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

One of the initiators "thaw" in the internal and foreign policy, rehabilitation of victims of repression, N.S. Khrushchev took an unsuccessful attempt to modernize the party-state system, dividing party organizations to industrial and rural. It was announced an improvement in the living conditions of the population in comparison with the Freights. At the XX-M (1956) and XXII-M (1961), the CPSU congresses, he made a sharp criticism of the so-called "cult of personality" and the activities of I. V. Stalin (see the report "On the cult of personality and its consequences"). However, building in the country of the nomenclature regime, the suppression of dissent, the power dispersal of demonstrations (Tbilisi, 1956; Novocherkassk, 1962), exacerbation of the military confrontation with the West (Berlin crisis of 1961 and the Caribbean - 1962) and with China, as well as political frequency (calls "Catch up and overtake America!" Promises to build communism by 1980) made it a policy of inconsistent. The discontent of the state and party apparatus led to the fact that the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee on October 14, 1964 N.S. Khrushchev was released from the duties of the 1st secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and the member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee.

As reported in the only necrologist published in the Pravda newspaper: "On September 11, 1971, the former first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Ministers, Personal Pensioner Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev died in 78 years after a heavy, long-term disease. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery. A monument to the work of the sculptor E. Unknown is installed on the grave.

N.S. Khrushchev was a member of the CPSU Central Committee in 1934-64, a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee in 1939-64 (a candidate since 1938). He was elected by the deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1-6th convocations.

He was awarded the family of Lenin orders, the orders of Suvorov of the 1st degree, Kutuzov of the 1st degree, Suvorov of the 2nd degree, the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, a working red banner, medals, foreign awards.

Awards N. S. Khrushchev

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 16, 1954 "For outstanding services to the Communist Party and the Soviet People, in connection with the 60th anniversary of the birth, the 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and Gold medal "Sickle and Hammer" (№ 6759).

April 8, 1957 for "Outstanding Merit of the 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Comrade Khrushcheva N.S. In the development and implementation of measures for the development of virgin and lower lands, "N. S. Khrushchev was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal" Sickle and Hammer ".

Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Sun of June 17, 1961 "For outstanding services in the leadership of the creation and development of the rocket industry, science and technology and the successful implementation of the world's first space flight in the world of the East Satellite, which opened a new era in the development of space" 1st secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Third Gold Medal of Sickle and Molot.

On April 16, 1964, "For outstanding services to the Communist Party and the Soviet state in the construction of a communist society, strengthening the economic and defense power of the Soviet Union, the development of the fraternal friendship of the Peoples of the USSR, in conducting a Leninist peaceful policy and noting exceptional merits in the fight against Hitler's invaders during the Great Patriotic War, in connection with the 70th anniversary of the birth of birth, "The 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Golden Star Medal (No. 11220).

Used materials from the book: Khrushchev. Memories. Selected fragments. - M.: "Vagribus", 1997. Article N.V. Ufarkin on the site http://www.warheroes.ru.

Events during the Board of Khrushchev:

  • 1955 - Signed Warsaw Treaty.
  • 1956 - XX Congress of the CPSU with the condemnation of the cult of the personality of Stalin
  • 1956 - Suppression of the uprising in Budapest, Hungary
  • 1957 - Unsuccessful attempt by the displacement of Nikita Khrushchev "Anti-Partisian Group" led by Malenkov, Molotov, Kaganovich and "pinned to them" Shipilov
  • 1957 - October 4 launched the world's first artificial satellite of the Earth (satellite-1)
  • 1958 - Nourishness
  • 1959 - VI World Youth Festival and Students
  • 1960 - Khrushchev announces that communism will be built by 1980
  • 1960 - Stalin's removal from Mausoleum.
  • 1960 - Successful flight of dogs proteins and arrow into space
  • 1961 - Denomination 10 times and introducing a new sample money
  • 1961 - Renaming Stalingrad to Volgograd
  • 1961 - the world's first flight in space; The first cosmonaut became Yuri Gagarin
  • 1961 - Erectation by the GDR authorities of the Berlin Wall
  • 1962 - "Caribbean crisis" almost led to the use of nuclear weapons
  • 1962 - Shot of a rally in Novocherkassk
  • 1963 - Building Khrushchevok
  • 1964 - October. Shooting Khrushchev at the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU