Uzbekistan, Parkent

A month and a half ago, I found a cycling company on a local forum, and now I ride out of town with it. For 20 years I have been living in Uzbekistan, only now all are at home, but the maximum is around the corner, and it turns out that tourists who come here mostly know about interesting places)))

Correcting the situation :-) I'll start with a story about a bike ride, or rather about an excursion to the Great Solar Furnace (hereinafter referred to as BSP), it is also the "Sun" Heliocomplex.

The structure is impressive, I would even say grandiose! Both the dimensions and the design are impressive!

For ease of reading, I divide the story into two parts: the first part is about the BSP itself, the second is about how we rode to it. So, part one:

Large Solar Oven

The Big Solar Furnace is located in the Parkent region, in the foothills of the Tien Shan. In the early 70s, Sadyk Azimov (Soviet physicist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR; there is a street named after him in Tashkent) made a proposal to build a Large Solar Furnace with a thermal capacity of 1 megawatt. It was built in just 6 years (1981-87).

Heliostation, concentrator "from the back". Martian landscape ...

Photos can be enlarged by clicking on them.

Hub, processing tower and cooling system:

The Concentrator (a large concave mirror) consists of 10,700 mirrors and has a size of 54x47 m. The highest point of the Concentrator is 1,100 m above sea level. The weight of the metal structure is 200,000 tons. The height of the building is about 20 standard floors!

BSP gives a temperature of up to 3,500 C °, it is intended to obtain in a completely pure form (still not in a pure form, all the extra fucking burns out) refractory metals and heat-resistant materials: all kinds of ceramics are melted, aluminum dioxide (super-refractory ceramic material). There they made heat-shielding tiles for Buran. Also, a solar oven allows you to synthesize hydrogen, convert solar energy into electricity, infrared and laser radiation.

There are two similar structures in the world: we have one in Uzbekistan,
the second - in France, Odeilo:

Solar oven, France, Odeilo

The excursion began with the traditional demonstration "trick" of burning a pine cone. The concave mirror is set on fire by the sunbeam reflected in the beam!

The mirror burns!

So, how does it all work:

Opposite this mirrored parabola is the heliostat field - a system of free-standing heliostats. Each heliostat (square mirror installation) automatically turns to follow the sun (just like a monument to Turkmenbashi :-D)

Heliostat field:

When there is no need for melting, the mirrors (note) are turned in different directions so that they do not burn the system for nothing.

Heliostats:

Each controlled mirror has a size of 7.5x6.5 m and is made up of 195 small mirrors, 50x50 cm in size. There are 62 such mirrors in the complex - a heliostat. As a result, 12,090 mirrors collect the sun's rays, which, being reflected, in a single stream rush to the concave composite mirror of the Concentrator.
A focused concentrated solar beam is sent to the receiver tower (oven), and there the same oven is the final stop of the sun hares)))

Hub and technology tower in action:

Furnace gate:

The gates are usually closed. They open them only when you need to melt something. Enlarge the photo, notice how the special protective refractory plates melted! And all this is the Sun, the same Sun that shines on our heads every day!

Open oven gates:


In the photo below, the oven itself is the very place where the beam of light is directed, which is collected at a focal point with a diameter of only 45 cm! Such a number of mirrors, such bulky equipment, they managed to adjust so as to collect all the reflected light into such a narrow beam, into a spot of 45 cm !!!

Furnace, inside the technological tower:

Crucible - 300 liter! It's a pity I can't see it in the photo, I couldn't see him live either ...
It is very interesting what it is made of? .. In theory, if materials with a melting point of 2000-3000 C ° are melted in it, then the crucible must withstand at least 4000 C ° ...

The working surface of the technological tower (including the furnace gate) is constantly cooled by circulated water inside and outside.

Cooling system:

The smelting process is monitored and controlled by an operator from the pyrometric laboratory.

Pyrometric laboratory. The operator is on guard!

And here is what they get with the help of the oven:

Samples of raw materials, obtained alloys and finished products from aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide:

From the language and breaks down - Che for the garbage? .. For this, they threw off such a bandura ?! .. o_O Just kidding, of course, probably very important and necessary garbage!)))

The project of the scientific and industrial metallurgical solar complex "Solntse", at the II All-Union competition for the best project of the year, received the highest assessment of the jury and was awarded a gold medal. At the III World Biennale "Interarch-85" in Sofia, the project became a laureate and awarded a medal and a diploma of the ISA!

Nowadays, the "Sun" solar complex is used for multipurpose observation of the Sun. The practical application of the complex, in addition to works directly related to science, is now aimed at obtaining special alloys of refractory metals, which, in combination with porcelain, make it possible to create products from cermets that are used in various fields of business. These are pipes, practically without wear, all kinds of units and joints, balls for covering the surface of oil, reducing evaporation.

P.S.

The use of solar energy in everyday life, in nature, you can boil a kettle, cook soup :)))

However, with us this summer it was possible to boil the kettle without any mirrors, just leave it under the sun
and that's it: -D

Americans are burning!
The use of solar energy in everyday life)))

Heliocomplex on the map.

Ecology of consumption. Science and technology: A large solar oven is a complex optical-mechanical complex with automatic control systems, consisting of a heliostat field and a paraboloid concentrator

Research and synthesis of refractory materials under the influence of concentrated solar radiation were started at the Physicotechnical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan (FTI) in 1976 and became the main scientific direction of the Institute of Materials Science, organized in 1993 on the basis of several laboratories of the FTI and BSP.

A large solar oven is a complex optical-mechanical complex with automatic control systems, consisting of a heliostat field and a paraboloid concentrator, which form a high-density radiant stationary stream in the focal zone of the concentrator (technological tower).

The furnace is located 45 km from Tashkent, in the Parkent district, in the foothills of the Tien Shan. Height above sea level is 1050 m. The heliostat field is formed by 62 heliostats placed on a gentle mountain slope in a checkerboard pattern, which provide illumination of the entire mirror surface of the concentrator in the mode of continuous tracking of the Sun during the working day. All 62 heliostats in the complex have the same design and dimensions. The reflecting surface of the heliostat measuring 7.5 x 6.5 m is flat, composite, includes 195 mirror elements - facet measuring 0.5 x 0.5 m and 6 mm thick. The reflective facet layer is formed by vacuum deposition of aluminum on the back side and is protected with EM AK-5164 acrylic paint. The total number of facets is 12090 pcs., The area of ​​the reflecting surface is 3022.5 m 2.

Alt-azimuth heliostat mount. The drive type is electromechanical. The kinematic diagrams of the elevation and azimuth angles allow with an error of no more than 1 arc. min to move the heliostat in the mode of tracking the sun.

The control of the drives is carried out according to the signals of the tracking system sensor, located in front of the central facet of the heliostat, the root-mean-square error of the surface of which does not exceed 30 arcsec. With.

A system is provided for the synchronous control of all heliostats located on one shelf, one leading heliostat of the shelf. The error of this control does not exceed 3 ang. min. In addition, all 62 heliostats in the automatic temperature control system (ASRT) mode, designed to provide various types of luminous flux distribution, have the ability to track with an angle of misalignment up to +25 arcsec. min.

The control can also be carried out with the help of an automated heliostat field control system (ACSG). The use of ACSG allows flexible control of the distribution of the radiant flux density in the focal zone of the furnace and opens up opportunities for conducting astrophysical studies at night, using the BLB as a unique astrophysical instrument.

The formation of the required radiant flux density is carried out by withdrawing individual heliostats from the tracking mode under the control of a radiometer with accompanying measurements of direct solar radiation on an actinometric stand using the AORT mode or by software (ACSG).

The reflecting surface of the concentrator is a rectangular-stepped carving made of a paraboloid of revolution with a focal length of 18 m. The height of the concentrator midship is 42.5 m, the upper edge is located at a height of 54 m from the ground, the width of the midship is 54 m. The total area of ​​the midship of the reflecting surface is 1840 m 2, and the area of ​​the surface itself is 2060 m 2. Solar energy can generate a controlled temperature of up to 3000 degrees Celsius in the oven during the day.

The concentrator is assembled from 214 blocks in the form of parallelograms, with side dimensions 4.5 x 2.25 m each, but with different angles at the vertices determined by the coordinates of the block. Each block has 50 reflective elements - a rhombic facet. The total number of facets is 10700 pcs. The blocks are attached to the frame by four nodal points, and the attachment points of the blocks make it possible to compensate for the low accuracy of the metal structure of the concentrator frame and to align the blocks into a single high-precision paraboloid surface. In addition, the installation and adjustment of individual facets on the block is carried out using special adjustment units. Such a system ensures the formation of a concentrating surface with an accuracy of at least 1 arcsec. min.

Facet glass mirror with a reflective back layer formed by an aluminum film applied by vacuum deposition. The dimensions of the mirror are 447 x 447 x 5. The facet reflective surfaces are formed by a deformation method and follow the curvature of the corresponding zone of the paraboloid on which they are installed. The facets have 10 standard sizes.

The technological tower houses various equipment with the necessary utilities for melting materials and special studies in the focal zone of the BSP.

Curtain and rotary-slot shutters provide light pulses of various shapes with a duration of 1 s or more. An automatic pulse registration system using a photometric meter allows you to measure the characteristics of the received pulses and examine samples up to 1 m in diameter. Samples can be exposed to complex effects of light flux, mechanical stress and airflow.

A focal spot analyzer, an automatic system for recording energy density using a radiometer, a television measuring system, and a vision system are used to carry out control and adjustment work on setting up individual elements of the BSP, to measure the energy and spectral characteristics of the focal spot.

Observations of the change in direct solar radiation over many years at the location of the "Sun" object show that the number of conditional sunny days during the year is 250-270 days.

The specular reflection coefficient of the optical elements of the installation, the average value of which is close to 0.7, drops over time due to the dustiness of the air and can drop to 0.5, therefore, regular maintenance work is required. The accuracy of the reflecting elements, taking into account the surface errors of the mirrors, fluctuates in the range of 35 arcsec. min. The total power of the furnace is about 0.7 MW, the maximum diameter of the focal spot is 1.2 m. Published

In the photo, one of two such objects located on our planet. The technologies and capabilities for its development and construction were possessed by two countries in the world, the USSR and France. These sophisticated experimental devices are intended for the development of fundamental science by conducting scientific experiments with their help.

The Soviet facility began to be built in the 80s and was erected in 1987 in the Uzbek SSR, not far from Tashkent, at an altitude of 1050 meters.

This object consists of a paraboloid concentrator of more than 10,700 mirrors, each 50x50 cm in size, a technological tower and 62 heliostats capturing sunlight, 6.5x7 meters in size, arranged in a staggered cascade. It is called the "Sun" optical-mirror complex with a large solar furnace with a thermal power of 1000 kW.


Paraboloid concentrator


Technology Tower with Large Solar Oven


Heliostats located on a cascade field

Heliostats are controlled by sensors, changing their position in the horizontal and vertical planes depending on the position of the sun.

Inside the technology tower is the Large Solar Oven. The Large Solar Oven is a complex optical-mechanical complex with automatic control systems, consisting of a heliostat field and a paraboloid concentrator, which form a stationary high-density energy flow in the focal zone of the concentrator. The area of ​​the reflecting surface of the heliostat field is 3020 m², of the concentrator - 1840 m². The temperature at the focus of the concentrator beams exceeds 3000 degrees Celsius. It is the largest solar oven in the world.

Briefly about the creation of the complex and the tasks for the development of fundamental science, which are carried out complex "Sun":

On the basis of departments of the Physicotechnical Institute in 1956. the Institute of Nuclear Physics was established, in 1967. - Institute of Electronics. In 1986, on the basis of the Institute, the Scientific and Production Association "Physics-Sun" was organized. In 1987. On the basis of scientific and technical developments of the institute, under the leadership of Academician S.A. Azimov, a unique optical-mirror complex with a Large solar furnace with a thermal power of 1000 kW was put into operation. On the basis of this complex in 1993. the Institute of Materials Science, which is part of the NPO "Physics-Sun" of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, was created. The Institute of Physics and Technology is currently carrying out fundamental research and carrying out scientific and technical developments in four areas:

High-energy physics - the study of the fundamental laws of interaction of particles and nuclei at accelerating energies and ultra-high energies of cosmic radiation;
- physics of semiconductors - the study of physical processes in semiconductor materials and structures in order to create technologies for effective photoconverters, photodetectors and various highly sensitive sensors;
- conversion of solar energy - development of the foundations of direct, thermodynamic and thermal conversion of solar energy and the development of designs for highly efficient solar installations.
- solid state theory - investigation of nonlinear wave excitations in condensed media and optical systems.

In the process of using the complex, it was possible to solve a number of applied problems. Among practical developments NPO Physics-Sun:

Manufacturing of PN-2 type fuse cases for 100, 250, 400A, pilot batches of PKT-10 fuse cases;
Development of high-voltage electrical porcelain compositions;
On the basis of the developed ceramic masses, the production of pads for electric irons was debugged;
Development and creation of a combined system for producing hydrogen, electrical energy and high-temperature steam at the same time;
Development and creation of small solar furnaces with a power of 1500 W, which, within the framework of international agreements, were supplied to the Institute of Metallurgy in Cairo (Egypt) and the Institute of Powder Metallurgy in Hyderabad (India);
For the textile industry, more than 30 types of thread guides and thread guides are produced;
For medicine, infrared emitters have been developed, which are used in the treatment of various diseases, as well as for the sterilization of surgical and dental instruments;
For the oil and gas industry, ceramic pontoon elements are produced, which are used in the technological process of storing oil and oil products in order to reduce losses associated with the evaporation of volatile fractions. Porcelain balls for adsorbents of zeolite gas purification, experimental ceramic filters for purifying natural gas from various impurities are produced;
Ceramic tiles "stoneware" have been developed based on local raw materials and production waste;
Various types of energy-saving dryers with an efficiency of 30-50% have been developed and created.

The "Sun" complex is not only a unique high-tech facility, it is also a piece of architecture.

French solar oven.

Sun Laboratory v Font Romeu Odeillo, was the world's first solar oven with this size. Its construction was completed in 1962-1968. The whole complex was put into operation in 1970. The furnace consists of a parabolic concentrator with dimensions of 54x48 meters and 63 heliostats. The total reflective surface area of ​​the concentrator is only 10 square meters less than that of the BSP in Parkent, but due to the fact that the whole complex is located higher (at an altitude of 1600 meters above sea level) and higher quality mirrors are used - the maximum power of the French solar oven is higher and is 1 Megawatt.


Laboratory of the Sun in Font Romeu Odeillo, France.

Unlike the Soviet complex, the French architecture is utilitarian.

Here is such a "solar" symbol of the power of a single country, the power of its science and technological level of development.

Sources:

1. Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989, issue 33, Moscow, 1989.

2. FTI, NPO "Physics-Sun" of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan


No, this is not an alien base or a sci-fi movie set. This is the Large Solar Oven (BSP) with a capacity of 700 kilowatts, located in Uzbekistan. There are two such ovens in the world, the second is in France. I could not miss such a unique object, and during the expedition "Pamir - the roof of the world" we stopped at Parkent. Let's take a look at this unique building together.

The Large Solar Oven is a complex optical-mechanical complex with automatic control systems, consisting of a heliostat field and a paraboloid concentrator, which form a stationary high-density energy flow in the focal zone of the concentrator. The area of ​​the reflecting surface of the heliostat field is 3020 m², of the concentrator - 1840 m². The temperature at the focus of the concentrator beams exceeds 3000 degrees Celsius. It is the largest solar oven in the world.


2. The solar complex is located 45 km from Tashkent, in the Parkent district, in the foothills of the Tien Shan at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level. It was built between 1981 and 1987. The place for the construction was chosen very carefully: firstly, the whole complex is located on a single rock mass, which is very important because it is located in a seismically dangerous area, and secondly, the number of sunny days per year is at least 270.

3. Let's start our inspection with a small solar oven. It is a specular parabaloid with a diameter of about 2 meters, focusing the sun's rays to a point with a diameter of 2 centimeters.

4. The maximum temperature that can be obtained in this oven is 2000 degrees Celsius. An interesting visual effect can be observed with objects placed closer to the focal length. For example, here is the image netwind "and the one standing next to the mirror increases, and everything that is further is reflected in an inverted form.

5. "By the will of the party, the desire of the people, the Sun complex will be built here", May 1981. The bold project "Institute of the Sun" became possible thanks to the efforts and enthusiasm of Academician Said Azimovich Azimov. Trigonometric station and memorial plate at the highest point of the complex - 1100 meters above sea level.

The scientific solar complex includes 4 structural subdivisions: the main building, the heliostat field, the concentrator, and the technological tower.

6. The heliostat field consists of 62 heliostats, staggered (to reduce shading) on ​​the gentle slope of the mountain opposite the concentrator.

7. Each heliostat measuring 7.5x6.5 meters consists of 195 flat mirror elements called "facets".

8. The reflecting area of ​​the heliostat field is 3022 square meters.

From the archive. Longitudinal section of the concentrator and heliostat field.

9. Sensors automatically adjust the position of each heliostat according to the movement of the sun. Each heliostat can be rotated both vertically and horizontally.

10. The size of a separate mirror is 50x50 centimeters.

11. The reflective facet layer is formed by vacuum deposition of aluminum on the back side and protected with acrylic paint.

12. A total of 12090 mirrors are used on the heliostat field.

13. The control of the mirrors is fully automated and ready-made programs are used every day, taking into account the position of the sun in the sky.

14. And here is the main object - a parabolic solar concentrator. It is the world's largest helicopter concentrator with an area of ​​1,840 square meters. For an estimate of the scale, look at the people in the lower left of the frame.

From the archive. Sketch of the concentrator and heliostat field.

15. The hub uses 10,700 mirrors with a total area of ​​1,840 square meters. The mirrors are collected in 214 blocks, measuring 4.5x2.25 meters, 50 mirrors in each.

16. The concentrator is stationary and oriented in the north-south direction.

17. The flow of solar energy, directed by the heliostats, is reflected from the mirror parabolic surface of the concentrator and is focused into one point on a technological tower with a diameter of 40 centimeters.

18. In the center of the parabolic surface of the concentrator, at a height of the 6th floor, there is a pyrometric laboratory, from where the operation of the furnace is controlled.

19. Panoramic view of the technology tower and hub.

20. The top point of the concentrator is at 1100 meters above sea level, which coincides with the point of installation of the memorial plate at the top of the heliostat field. The size of the "mirror" of the concentrator is 47x54 meters. And each individual mirror measures 45x45 centimeters.

21. Weight of metal structures of the concentrator - 200 thousand tons. To the very top (12th floor) there is a cargo-passenger elevator. And this is how the hub looks from the inside.

22. South side of the hub. To protect it from sunlight and temperature deformation of metal structures, the concentrator is covered with special sun screens. In the foreground is the simplest experimental solar furnace assembled from steel sheets.

23. Pyrometric laboratory on the 6th floor of the concentrator. Its windows overlook the technology tower. The operation of the oven is controlled from here.

24. There is an observation deck at the top of the concentrator. Below is the village of Solntse, with multi-storey buildings for the staff of the institute.

25. Even higher up are the red target marks for aligning all 62 heliostats.

26. From here a panoramic view of the heliostat field opens.

27. Matrix of target marks.

28. The focal length of the concentrator is 18 meters; it is at this distance that the technological tower with the furnace is located. When not in operation, the oven doors are closed and forcibly cooled.

29. Staircase and elevator block on the south side of the hub.

30. The advantage of solar ovens is the immediate achievement of a high temperature, which allows you to get clean materials without impurities (including due to the purity of the mountain air). Therefore, metals and alloys in it are characterized by extremely high purity and the absence of impurities. And one more important argument - you do not need to pay for solar energy.

Well, of course, one cannot ignore the second Large Solar Oven in the world.

Large Solar Oven in Font Romeu Odeillo (France)
The Sun Lab was the world's first solar oven with this size. Its construction was completed in 1962-1968. The whole complex was put into operation in 1970. The furnace consists of a parabolic concentrator with dimensions of 54x48 meters and 63 heliostats. The total reflective surface area of ​​the concentrator is only 10 square meters less than that of the BSP in Parkent, but due to the fact that the whole complex is located higher (at an altitude of 1600 meters above sea level) and higher quality mirrors are used - the maximum power of the French solar oven is higher and is 1 Megawatt.

© jluismreyero (panoramio)

© wikipedia

BSP can be used to obtain pure zirconium metal without any impurities. The melting point of zirconium oxide is 2700 degrees Celsius! The furnace productivity in this case can be almost 2.5 tons of zirconium per day.

© promes (france)

Agree that solar complexes are very similar to each other.

Summarizing

Currently, they are engaged in scientific and technical developments in the field of high energy physics, semiconductor physics, solar energy conversion, solid state theory.

Once upon a time, testing of the skin of spacecraft and military equipment was carried out here, and now, on the basis of the institute, a production line of ceramic products has been created, based on materials synthesized in BSP. In particular, these are fuse boxes and high-voltage porcelain. Small solar ovens with a capacity of 1500 watts have also been developed and created here, which are already operating in Egypt and India. BSP can also be used as an astrophysical instrument for studying the starry sky at night.

The unique technical base of the Physics-Sun complex allows for multipurpose observations of the Sun and not only theoretical, but also experimental research.

No, this is not an alien base or a sci-fi movie set. This - Large Solar Oven(BSP) with a capacity of 700 kilowatts, located in Uzbekistan. There are two such ovens in the world., the second is in France.

Solar ovens are huge structures that focus solar energy into one point. They allow you to instantly reach high temperatures and obtain pure materials and alloys without impurities. Another important argument is that you don't have to pay for energy.

Let's take a look at this unique building together. It will be interesting for fans of unusual "technical gizmos".

In general, there are solar ovens in everyday life. They are simple devices for using sunlight to cook food without using any fuel or electricity.

But today we will talk about completely different solar ovens.

Our Large Solar Oven is a complex optical complex for focusing a high-density solar energy flow. The diameter of the parabolic mirror is 47 meters, the power is 1,000 kW, the area of ​​the mirror surface is 3,020 sq.m., the concentrator - solar energy storage device - 1840 sq.m. The temperature at the focus of the rays exceeds 3000 degrees Celsius.

This heliocomplex (note Helios - the God of the sun or the sun itself) is located 45 km from Tashkent, in the foothills of the Tien Shan at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level. It was built between 1981 and 1987.

The place for the construction was chosen very carefully: firstly, the whole complex is located on a single rock mass, which is very important because it is located in a seismically dangerous area, and secondly, the number of sunny days per year is at least 270.



Let's start our inspection with small solar oven... It is a parabaloid with a mirror surface about 2 meters in diameter, focusing the sun's rays to a point 2 cm in diameter. The maximum temperature that can be obtained in this oven is 2000 degrees Celsius. An interesting visual effect can be observed with objects placed closer to the focal length. For example, the image of a person standing next to the mirror is enlarged, and everything that is further is reflected in an inverted form.

The heliostat field consists of 62 heliostats (parting consisting of rotating mirrors), placed in a checkerboard pattern on the gentle slope of the mountain:

Each heliostat measuring 7.5 × 6.5 meters consists of 195 flat mirrors:

The reflecting area of ​​the heliostat field is 3,022 square meters:

The sensors automatically rotate the mirrors so that the sun's rays are constantly directed in one direction in accordance with the movement of the sun. Each heliostat can be rotated both vertically and horizontally.

The size of a separate mirror is 50 × 50 centimeters. A total of 12,090 mirrors are used on the heliostat field.

The mirror control is fully automated and ready-made programs are used every day, taking into account the position of the sun in the sky.

And here is the main object - the solar concentrator. This the world's largest helicopter- a solar energy storage device with an area of ​​1,840 square meters. For an estimate of the scale, look at the people in the lower left of the frame:

The hub uses 10,700 mirrors with a total area of ​​1,840 square meters:

The concentrator is stationary and oriented in the north-south direction:

The flow of solar energy directed by the heliostats is reflected from the mirror surface of the concentrator and is focused into one point with a diameter of 40 centimeters.

Panoramic view of the technology tower and hub:

The highest point of the concentrator is 1,100 meters above sea level. The size of the mirror surface is 47 × 54 meters. And each individual mirror measures 45 × 45 centimeters.

The weight of the metal structures of the concentrator is 200 thousand tons! To the very top (12th floor) there is a cargo-passenger elevator. And this is how the hub looks from the inside:

An observation deck is located at the top of the concentrator. Below is the village of Solntse, with multi-storey buildings for the staff of the institute.

From here, a panoramic view of the "mirror" heliostat field opens up:

The advantage of solar ovens is the immediate achievement of a high temperature, which makes it possible to obtain pure materials without impurities (also due to the purity of the mountain air). And one more important argument - you do not need to pay for solar energy.

Well, of course, you can't ignore it. second Large Solar Oven in the world located in France.

The Sun Lab was the world's first solar oven with this size. Its construction was completed in 1962-1968. The entire complex is located at an altitude of 1,600 meters above sea level and has a maximum capacity of 1 Megawatt.