Moammar Gaddafi (Moammar Gaddafi) manages Libya over 40 years. Now he rigorously suppresses the actions of the opposition, while anti-government demonstrators continue to demand his resignation.


Moammar Gaddafi (Moammar Gaddafi) manages Libya over 40 years. Now he rigorously suppresses the actions of the opposition, while anti-government demonstrators continue to demand his resignation.

In this photo of 1970, the Libyan leader Moammar Gaddafi is depicted in Uniform. He rules the country since he came to power as a result of a bloodless coup in 1969

Colonel Gaddafi - Furious Bedouin Son

Muammar Kaddafi's name (Muammar Kaddafi) has not seen from Pages of Libyan newspapers and magazines. It was an integral part of art films and theatrical performances.

When foreign journalists asked Colonel-Bedouin, as he belongs to the actual deification of his person, he said modestly:

- What can I do?! My people insist on this ...

Libyan leader smelled. He loved to glance, and was constantly concerned about how he looks like. When Yugoslav filmed a short film about him, one and a half hours left only to choose the most successful surveillance.

Moammar Gaddafi (Moammar Gaddafi), the head of the Libyan Revolutionary Command, appeals to the crowd at the stadium of Bengja, Libya, 1970. The appeal is timed to the conclusion of US troops from Libya.

From the tent to the top of power

His full name - Muammar Ben Mohammed Abu Mirolyar Abdel Salam Ben Hamid Al-Gaddafi. The exact date of birth continues to be a mystery. Many of his biographers argue that the ex-leader of Libya was born in 1940. Gaddafi himself wrote everywhere, which was born in the spring of 1942 in the Bedouin Tent 30 kilometers south of Sirtry.

His father is a leaving from the al-Gaddaf tribe - roamed from place to place, pass camels and goats. Mother with three older daughters was engaged in household.

But the son of a simple Bedouin claims (for him, of course, repeat the media) that he is a descendant of ancient noble Bedouin tribes who came from Iraq. However, is it worth wondering?! Especially after he declared himself a few years ago, "the Messia of the Arab world, the successor of the business and the prophet Mohammed, and Jesus, and Moses."

Egyptian President Anvar Sadat (Anwar Sadat) (On the left), Moammar Gaddafi (center) and Syrian General Hafez Assad during a meeting in Damascus, 1971.

Remembering your childhood and youth, he admitted one day ...

- I grew up in a pure environment, not infected with infections of modern life. I realized the conditions in which my people lived, and suffered the suffering he was tested under the oppression of colonialism. Young people in our society respected old people, we could distinguish good from evil.

When Muammar was nine years old, parents gave it to primary school. He finished her after four years and entered the middle, which was located in Cechka. In school years, he loved books about the heroes, sacrificing in the name of freedom. Who knows, maybe it is these books that pushed Gaddafi to the fact that he was still at school created an underground youth organization.

It must be said that the years of studying the future colonel coincided in time with the period of the origin of the opposition movement in Libya. At the same time, the beginning of greater dissatisfaction with the royal regime among the urban and rural poor, middle layers, student and students of young people. In the largest cities and provincial centers began to appear opposition royal regime of the group. One of them was led by Muammar Gaddafi in 1956-1961.

In early October 1961, a youth demonstration in support of the Algerian revolution began in Cechka. She immediately turned into a mass antimonarhist performance. The organizer and head of the demonstration was Gaddafi. For this he was arrested, and then expelled from the city. We had to continue their studies in the Misunder. There he entered the local lyceum, which successfully finished in 1963.

- Upon arrival of Gaddafi in Misuita, "Muhammad Halille said later," we decided to continue what they started in Celm. That is, to attract a large number of like-minded people to your side, to find those who believed in the Arab unity in the principles of freedom, in the need for radical change in the country.

President of Libya Moammar Gaddafi (Moammar Gaddafi) welcomes the crowd, driving a horse on a horse during a ceremony in Advibia, Libya. The celebration in 1976 marks the 6th anniversary of the expulsion of Italians from Libya.

In 1963, at a meeting of three underground groups from Cechi, Tripoli, Misarata was decided to create a unified illegal organization, including two sections - military and civilian. Members of the first group, led by Muammar Gaddafi, left in Benghazi for admission to a military college. The second participants entered various higher education institutions.

From the first days of study, Gaddafi has proven itself to be the most exemplary cadet. No one in college could suspect the enemy of the regime in it. He never gave himself a word or actions. Therefore, the case, headed for him in Cela, so did not replenished. And his evening visits to lectures on history in the Benghazian University were perceived as quirks ...

In 1964, a small village of Telmeit, a few tens of kilometers from Benghazi, was held the first congress of the organization. At the proposal of Gaddafi, her motto became the slogan "Freedom, socialism, unity!" A group of young, revolutionary military military, began to be called "Organization of free officers of the Socialist Unionists" (OCO). At the congress, the Code of Conduct was developed and the Central Committee was elected. Its members "in the name of the implementation of revolutionary ideas" were forbidden to play cards, drinking wine, attend entertainment institutions, prescribed strictly observe all religious rites. The Central Committee was instructed to conduct targeted preparation of the uprising.

Committee members were going first monthly. Then, for the purpose of conspiracy, it was divided into groups that were operating autonomously. The composition of the groups and their tasks knew only Gaddafi.

Of course, the "free officers" had no experience of political work, nor a certain social transformation program, not to mention solid ideological beliefs. Nevertheless, they set out clearly formulated objectives: the overthrow of the monarchist regime, the eradication of the age-old backwardness, the exemption from the military-political and economic domination of imperialism, the achievement of genuine national independence, the establishment of social justice of broad masses, the struggle for Arabic unity, for ensuring legal The rights of the Arab people of Palestine.

The Libyan leader Moammar Gaddafi (Moammar Gaddafi) appeals to the crowd during a rally on Tripoli Square.

After graduating from members of the military college, the connection between the underground groups was complicated. Yesterday's cadets were sent to troops for further service. The head and coordinator of the underground workers remained Gaddafi, who began service in communication troops in the military camp Gar Unes, four kilometers from Benghazi. It was reported information on the activities of the Group, on the situation in the troops, from it - instructions on illegal work, the definition of the places of the appearance, meetings. In fact, in 1966, the stage of direct preparation of a military coup was beginning.

The influence of underfloor officers grew not only in the ground forces, but also in other types of armed forces. It was worse with work among the intelligentsia, bureaucratism and in the business world. A significant part of the local bourgeoisie, not to mention the feudal and highest official circles, quite satisfied the royal regime.

The June war of 1967 became a kind of catalyst for the revolution. The defeat of the Arabs in this war, which caused a spontaneous tide of patriotic sentiment in the whole Arab world and nationalist emotions, had a wide public resonance in Libya. Discontent mature and in the army. The patriotic feelings of military personnel, especially officers, were vulnerable because the monarchical government did not allow the army to take part in the reflection of Israeli aggression.

However, with general discontent with the royal regime and the transition to the opposition of most officer corps, there were other trends in the army, which expressed the interests of various social forces. Including feudal circles. The most right of them was headed by Colonel Abdel Aziz Shelli, the brother of the King Advisor. In 1969, he was appointed Deputy Head of the General Staff and Chairman of the Committee on the Reorganization of the Royal Army. The last position, as it turned out later, was invented as shirma to cover the preparation of a military coup.

Leaders of "free officers" decided to intercept the initiative. By the time they had enough of their supporters not only in the army, but among the civilian population to decide on a precistentcy. The course was taken to the overthrow of the royal regime with the help of military counterpart. A detailed plan of armed military speech was developed. At the same time, not only internal political factors were taken into account, as I wrote later Gaddafi, but also a foreign military presence in Libya.

Chairman of the liberation of Palestine Yasser Arafat (Yasser Arafat) (on the right), its leader George Khabash (Moammar Gaddafi) (in the center) of Libya Moammar Gaddafi (center) greet the delegates of the League Summit of Arab States.

An armed performance was planned before September 1969 in order to overthrow the royal regime was canceled several times. Gaddafi and his associates believed that hasty actions were tali in themselves too much risk and unpredictable consequences.

In the summer of 1969, another campaign of movements of the officers began in the army. She touched Gaddafi, who received an order to immediately go to the further passage of service in Tripoli. These movements demanded the introduction of the necessary adjustments to the plans of "free officers". The tension reached the climax ...

In the second half of August, it became known that King Idris goes on the treatment abroad. The rumors crawled in the army that the Colonel Shell decided to send a large group of officers to an internship abroad. Among them were a lot of members of the underground organization, including Gaddafi.

The incoming information indicated that Colonel Shelli, together with his supporters, a group of senior officers - intended to seize the power on September 15 and proclaim the republic with the parliamentary form of government.

To implement the long-developed plan of the rebellion of Gaddafi, it was necessary to urgently leave Tripoli and return to Benghazi, where the general headquarters were located and the main military institutions were located.

Early on the morning of September 1, 1969, the detachments of the members of the OSIU under the leadership of the Revolutionary Command (CRC) created during the preparation for the uprising of the Council of the Revolutionary Command (CRC) at the same time began performances in Benghazi, Tripoli and other cities of the country. They quickly set control over the main state and military facilities. All entrances to American bases were blocked in advance.

September 1, 1987
Gaddafi at the list of Libyan troops during the 18th anniversary of the Libyan revolution in Tripoli.

On the same day, Gaddafi, speaking on the radio, announced the overthrow of the monarchy in the country.

"The revolution," he said, "the principles of freedom, unity, social justice and equality of all citizens will be guided.

At the same time it was reported that temporarily supreme power would be carried out by CRC. However, its quantitative and the haugh was long did not declare. No one also knew who heads this top authority.

Only two weeks after the revolutionary coup, the 27-year-old Muammar Gaddafi was announced by the head of the revolution and Chairman of the SRC. At the same time, it was reported about the assignment of the head of the colonel (in the days of the coup he was the captain of communication troops).

Handwood colonel He is still wearing, although in fact is commander-in-chief. The general titles he distributes extremely reluctantly, since it is convinced that this is "not the most important thing for the revolutionary army."

For several weeks, the new regime was strengthened and the names of his leaders accredited in Libya, journalists, as well as representatives of foreign business and military circles, put forward a variety of versions and guesses (one fantastic than the other) regarding the "genuine patrons" of the revolutionary organizers coup. Called Russians, the CIA, the numbers ...

Here it is necessary to emphasize that Washington and its allies have seen in Gaddafi and his associates of provincial officers who did not have a serious long-term program, no wide social base within the country or political authority in the Arab world. The United States and England intended to use these passing, temporary factors along with the military and economic presence in Libya to give pressure on young inexperienced Libyan leaders. It is on this basis that they hoped to find with them "Common Language".

But these calculations were insolvent.

Gaddafi asks journalists to take their places at a press conference in Tripoli. He called for more than 100 foreign journalists to condemn the US invasion into the Persian Bay.

The anti-imperialist orientation of the Libyan Revolution manifested itself quite clearly in the first months of the existence of a new regime.

On October 7, 1969 at the 24th session of the UN General Assembly, the Permanent Representative of Libya announced the intention of Libyans to eliminate all foreign bases on its land. Following this, the Libyan leadership informed US and England ambassadors to terminate the relevant treaties. Almost simultaneously began the offensive and on the position of foreign capital in the economy of the country.

The first results and the nearest tasks of the Libyan revolution were enshrined in the temporary constitutional declaration published on December 11, 1969. Islam was announced by the official state religion. One of the main goals of the revolution was proclaimed construction of socialism based on "religion, morality and patriotism". To achieve this Gaddafi and his associates intended to "ensure social justice, a high level of production, the elimination of all forms of operation and the equitable distribution of national riches."

The Council of the Revolutionary Command was vested with the functions of the General Region of the Political Organization of the Company with the right to appoint the Cabinet of Ministers, declare war and enter into contracts, issuing decrees of decrees who had the power of laws that concerned the main aspects of the internal life and foreign policy of the state. The Chairman of the CRK Gaddafi was appointed head of the Libyan Arab Republic.

October 4, 1995
Gaddafi is waving to Palestinian workers expelled from Libya, during his visit to the camp on the border with Egypt. Gaddafi forced the police to evict the Palestinian workers and their families in response to the Israeli Agreement and the organization of the liberation of Palestine.

Father Jamahiriya

The ideology and political structure of Libya defined the peculiar concept of social development, put forward by Gaddafi and formulated in his "green book", the first part of which was published in early 1976. She was called "the solution of the problem of democracy (the power of the people)" the book was immediately announced (obedient Gaddafi to the propaganda apparatus) "the main ideological document" of the state.

The colonel himself believed that his work was a "final theoretical solution of human problems." I'm in 1986, he spoke ...

- I want the Green Book to become the Gospel of Contemporary Humanity.

According to the designs of Gaddafi, the Socialist Society of Jamahiriya (translated from Arabic - "democracy") should be based on three principles.

First. The implementation of the people's masses through the national assembly, where everyone participates in decision-making and the implementation of power.

Second. Possession by the people of public wealth, which is considered as the property of all members of society.

Third. Transfer to the people of weapons and training for its use in order to end with a monopoly on army weapons.

Hence the slogan: "Power, wealth and weapons - in the hands of the people!"

I want to recall that the beginning of the "People's Revolution" period is usually associated with the program speech of the Libyan leader, which he said in Zuwar in May 1973. In it, he first put forward the idea of \u200b\u200bthe transfer of all the completeness of the authorities to the people.

- All kinds of other ruling systems, "he said, - undiscrapically. Only Folk Congresses and Folk Committees are the final result of the fight for democracy.

It was not just words. At the end of 1975, elections of the people's committees took place, the governing bodies of folk congresses were formed. In January 1976, the Universal People's Congress (VNK) was created. The Republican Stage of Development of Libya has entered the stage of completion. It began its intelligence into a fundamentally new "jamahirine", which has changed not only the nature of power in the country, but also its philosophy, socio-political and economic development.

Gaddafi, together with the President of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak (Hosni Mubarak) at Cairo Airport. Recent anti-government demonstrations in the Middle East displaced Mubarak from his post, forcing Gaddafi to grief.

In March 1977, a declaration was adopted at the Emergency Session of the ICC, which proclaimed the new name of the country "Socialist People's Libyan Jamahiriiria" (snow) that its legislation is based on the Quran, and its political system on direct democracy. The Council of the Revolutionary Command and the Government bloomed. Instead, they created new institutions corresponding to the "Jamahirine" system. The Universal People's Congress was announced by the highest body of legislative, and the Supreme People's Committee formed by him instead of the government is the Executive Committee. The ministries were replaced by people's secretariats, at the head of which the bodies of collective leadership were created - the Bureau. The Libyan Embassies in foreign countries also transformed into the People's Bureau.

In accordance with the populist principle of direct democracy, the role of the country's leader formally, as it were, beyond the framework of the political system. By the way, in 1974, Gaddafi was released from "political, protocol and administrative duties" to completely devote himself to "ideological and theoretical work in the development of masses." However, until 1977, he remained the head of state and the commander-in-chief armed forces. With the proclamation of Jamahiria, he formally could no longer carry out any government functions. After all, the "Jamahiri" system officially denied the state as a form of a political organization. From now on, Gaddafi was announced only by the leader of the Libyan Revolution. And this was supposedly determined by his true role in the political system of the country.

Nevertheless, the real ideological and guiding impact is not only Gaddafi, but also other former members of the CRC for the further development and operation of the new system of power even more increased.

Explaining the essence of changes in the political system of the Libya, Gaddafi in March 1977 on a mass rally in Tripoli pointed to the constantly retained danger of the conquests of the Libyan revolution. In this regard, he called for her defense to carry out the entire "armed people". However, the proclaimed goal of the "Army's replacement by the Armed People" was in practice impracticable.

Sekchsky Declaration of 1977, the actual replaced the previous Constitution of 1969, although herself did not carry a constitutional nature, since the Green Book generally denied the role of the Constitution as the main law of the Company.

Gaddafi, together with the Muslim Leader, Louis Farrakhan (Louis Farrakhan) (on the left) are present at the opening of a new hospital in Tripoli.

- A genuine law of society is custom, or religion, "says Gaddafi and necessarily clarifies: - Religion includes a custom, and the custom is the expression of the natural life of peoples. Laws that are not based on religions and customs are specially created by a person against a person. And because they are illegal, since they are not based on the natural source - custom and religion.

The political and legislative design of the "Jamahiri" system created only the superstructure of the new building on the old foundation. The economic structure remained at its basis the same thing that existed before the proclamation of Jamahiriya. The Libyan leadership was aware of this quite clearly and led the active training for the offensive and on the Economic Front. The introduction of "jamahirine" principles in this area was carried out long through complex experiments accompanied by an equally long number of samples and errors.

In September 1977, Gaddafi put forward the principle of "self-government in the economy" as the basis for the development of economic life, in accordance with this principle, the transition of enterprises in collective management of those who work there are envisaged. Subsequently proclaimed the slogan "Partners, not employees", found theoretical justification in the second part of the Green Book and since November of the same year began to be implemented on a number of manufacturing enterprises.

In the development of the same populist idea of \u200b\u200bKaddafi, he put forward a new slogan: "Dwelling - the property of his inhabitant." That is, a man living in the house, the owner, and not his tenant. In May 1978, the law was adopted, in accordance with which the delivery of residential premises for rent was prohibited, and former tenants became owners of rented apartments and houses.

Conducting the slogan "Partners, not employees", workers and employees under the leadership of the People's Committees seized enterprises and institutions in the field of not only production, but also trade, as well as various service services. Former owners received together with compensation and the opportunity to participate in the management of these enterprises, but on the rights of "equal partnership with manufacturers." This campaign of "folk seizure", as it was called in Libya, became a kind of shape of the elimination of private ownership of large and medium bourgeoisie.

The functioning of the political system of "Jamahiriiya" on the ground and especially in production was difficult both due to the sabotage of bourgeois layers, and because of the lack of preparedness of the activities carried out, the inability of the new management office to lead the economy. All this caused discontent and fermentation among the population. Some of the Muslim clergy appeared against the political and economic innovations of the Libyan leadership. She accused Gaddafi in the "retreat from the provisions of the Quran."

In response, the authorities went on serious measures aimed at limiting the influence of the clergy. Opposition-tuned "Ceavers of Purity Islam" Gaddafi made a public exam on television to know the Koran. The theologians could not answer the questions of the leader of the Libyan Revolution, and were compromised in the eyes of the believer. This gave Gaddafi reason to deprive some of them the right to lead a religious service.

In March 1979, Gaddafi put forward a new idea - "the separation of the revolution from power." The revolutionary leadership of the snow, which began to rely on the network of revolutionary and folk committees. According to Gaddafi, the creation of new committees should have involved in the functioning of the "jamahirine" system on the ground as many citizens as possible. The populist principle of direct democracy, therefore, acquired a comprehensive scale.

September 1, 1996
Gaddafi surrounded by guests during the celebration of the 27th anniversary of the coup, which led him to power in 1969.

Formally, the revolutionary leadership snow did not participate in the management of the state. In fact, it began to play an even more important role in the political system of Libyan Jamahiriya. Each member of the revolutionary leadership had a certain range of responsibilities. For example, Gaddafi, retaining the post of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, was simultaneously the Secretary General of the Universal Folk Congress.

Not finding in the so-called "Islamic socialism" of specific recipes for the transformation of society, Gaddafi constantly made amendments to his theory. If Islam was considered to be one of the ideological sources of official ideology before the Green Book, then in the summer of 1979, the third part of this book "The Trinity of the Third World Theory" was no longer measured by Islam's postulates. On the contrary, the "truth" of the Islamic positions themselves began to be assessed from the point of view of their compliance of this theory itself. The national and public struggle was announced by the driving force of history. At the same time, caddafi clarified, "if we were limited only to the support of Muslims, I would have shown an example of fanaticism and egoism: True Islam is the one who acts in defense of weak, even if they are not Muslims."

In subsequent explanations and comments to the Green Book, many of its provisions were subjected to significant adjustment. But this book remains as if the fundamental catechism of the official ideology in Libya.

The transformation of the Libyan Society into a modern political system, called Jamahiria, is accompanied by many zigzags and is slower than Gaddafi would like. But the system created by him, undoubtedly awakened the Libyan people to political activity. However, as he was forced to admit, "the participation of the people in the management of the country was not complete."

Therefore, on November 18, 1992, a decision on the creation of a new political structure in Libya was decided in the city of Sirty. She assumed the country's transition to the highest level of democracy - exemplary jamahiriya. We are talking about creating instead of the Primary People's Assembly One-and-a half communes, which are self-governed mini-states in the state with all the completeness of power in their district, including the distribution of budgetary funds.

The need to reorganize the previous political system, as explained Gaddafi, was explained, first of all, the fact that she could not provide genuine democracy due to the complexity of the structure, which created a gap between the masses and leadership, suffered from excessive centralization. "

In general, the Socialist People's Arab Jamahiriya continues the course to build a new "Islamic Socialist society", where the slogan dominates - "the power, wealth and weapons - in the hands of the people!"

Democracy does not exist for rich or for the strongest or for those
Who is engaged in terrorist activities.
All countries of the world should be equal
Muammar Gaddafi.

After the Muammar Gaddafi was overthrown as a result of rebellion and foreign intervention in Libya, a discussion immediately arose on how the inner storm was that the inner storm, which, with foreign support, crushed the colonel regime.

From a western point of view, built on the antagonism of freedom and non-free, the autocratic rule of Gaddafi sooner or later it was necessary to end the revolution and the "Arab Spring" only confirmed these expectations. But is it really really?

Considering the Middle Eastern and North African autocrats, we will easily see that during the "Arab Spring" the overthrow of the "rotational regimes" passed the differectly. The objective discontent of the citizens of the region was based on the socio-economic prerequisites of the global financial and economic system caused by increasing crisis phenomena. Unrest, rebellion and rebellion rose not only where Gaddafi, Mubarak, Ben Ali were overthrown, and not only where the Assad is trying to overthrow.

The unrest covered the countries of the Persian Gulf, which were generally supported, including the armed "revolution" in their colleagues on the "non-democratic" government. Already, it clearly suggests that the very discontent of citizens with their governments is systemic suprupliament.

But as shown by the events of 2011-2012, the West extremely selectively looked at how the processes of expression of this discontent developed. In some cases, he indirectly or directly contributed to the overthrow of the previous regimes, and in others, it closed his eyes to the cruel suppression of displeased in the Persian Gulf countries. Libya in this respect was a visual example of such double standards.

Muammar Gaddafi was a very peculiar revolutionary. Capturing the power, as it should be supposed to be a person with real ideals, Gaddafi tried to carry out fundamental socio-economic and political reforms in his country. The result was the creation of Jamahiria, the principles of which were set forth in the main theoretical work of Gaddafi - the Green Book.

It is worth understanding that Gaddafi did his revolution during the Cold War, when geopolitical bemarkund was determined by the rivalry of the United States and the USSR, which broadcast their ideologies into the world. Libya, was among the group of countries that tried to preserve some of the separation from this conflict, which at that time was expressed in the activities of the Non-Aligned Movement. With all the sympathies to the Soviet Union, which was perceived by the friendly force, Libya remained the country "herself on the mind", acting in the spirit of Yugoslavia in Tito.


Non-aligned movement.

Gaddafi due to the magnitude of his personality could not and did not want to be a puppet of Washington or the Kremlin, and every way demonstrated his independence. This independence was not based on scratch. Raising the standard of living of ordinary Libyans, getting rid of the remnants of the colonial domination and influence of Western monopolies, the growth of the international authority of Libya, all this increased the foreign policy capital of Gaddafi.


The most significant social benefits represented by Libya citizens.

On this basis, he was seriously engaged in an integration project on the basis of African countries designed to bring Africa from the role of an eternal supplier of resources for rich countries, and Libya himself, to make the regional leader and the main moral and political authority for North Africa.

In Libya itself, a peculiar version of socialism was formed, multiplied by the national characteristics related to the preservation of a plenty of tribal relations. The country actually implemented the project "Guaranteed Natural Ray Rent", when the country's citizens actually began to receive a peculiar margin from the foreign trade operations of Libya related to energy carriers. Cheap gasoline, affordable education and medicine, government aid to large families and many other social benefits - all this was formed due to accumulation in the hands of the state of oil revenues, which in other countries, as a rule, settle on the hands of owners of oil companies and processing infrastructure.


Libyan Jamahiriria built Gaddafi survived the Soviet Union for 20 years.

At the same time, it is impossible to say that socialism enthusiassed in Libya, there is no capitalist relations at all - the capitalist relations were quite peaceful with socialist institutions. This symbiosis in a brighter form we can see today on the example of China.

In this regard, Libya was a paradox country - Libyans lived better most of the neighbors, they did not directly enter into any of the blocks of the Cold War, they did not make an unambiguous choice between antagonistic ideologies. In fact, it was one of the options of the notorious "third path", which small countries tried to look for the USSR and the USA in the vice of the cyclopic confrontation. And the fact that the Gaddafi project survived this confrontation, clearly suggests that Jamahiriya was more than viable.

After the fall of the USSR and the collapse of the Soviet bloc, Gaddafi continued to bend his line, where independence adjacent to multi-vector. He quickly corrected his relationship with the West, agreeing to even recognize a fairly dubious results of the investigation into the case of an explosion of the aircraft over Lockerby and pay compensation to victims of the terrorist attack. Libya quite well fit into a new global global order in the form of one of the major energy suppliers, taking its place in the global division system. At the same time, Gaddafi continued to freed the West in questions of the future of Africa and even tried to influence the policies of France in the region through the financing of Sarkozy during elections.

This whimsical mixture of economic durability and political fronds was complemented by cooperation with Russia and China, which were admitted to the construction of infrastructure facilities and increased their presence in the Libya economy, which was strengthened at the expense of colossal projects like a great man-made river, designed to solve the problems of the country's water supply.

But in this cunning and long-term strategy, where Libya, at the expense of a solid state system and large oil reserves, tried to lavish between major countries and blocks, was one serious flaw.

During the Cold War, Libya type countries occupied a kind of buffer niche between antagonistic blocks. After the end of the Cold War, the Yalta-Potsdam system of the world order collapsed and gradually, the modern geopolitical jungle came to replace it, where naked power was ruled. The first call sounded in 1999, when aggression against Yugoslavia took place. Then there were Afghanistan and Iraq. The former mechanisms for the containment of aggression disappeared, and the new did not appear, with the result that only the presence of nuclear weapons can actually protect the country from unprovoked aggression. Libya has no nuclear weapon, because during the period of normalization of relations with the West, Gaddafi first stopped the program on the creation of a nuclear OMP, and then liquidated with the help of international intermediaries its results. It was a fatal mistake of Gaddafi, who believed that his new relationship with the West guarantees foreign policy stability around the system created by him.

In 2007, plans for the American establishment for the reorganization of North Africa and the Middle East were surrendered to the open seal, where Libya was among other countries to be restructuring.

The fate of North Africa depends on the successful destruction of the states of Libya, Algeria and Morocco. Instead, the Berberov State will be created, together with the Nubia mini-state, carved from Egypt, and the mini state of Polisario. The territories of modern Tunisia, Libya, Morocco and Algeria will dramatically be dedicated.

Gaddafi This danger, apparently underestimated, since in matters of its arms of his army showed a certain negligence, without purchasing the necessary weapons from Russia when she could sell them. It is difficult to say than this carelessness was caused by the age of a colonel or the underestimation of the intentions of the Americans. Maybe the belief was strong in his army and his people, as well as in defense from strong geopolitical players like Russia and China. One way or another, to the beginning of the insurgency, Libya approached an extremely unfavorable geopolitical position. By 2011, Gaddafi ruled with most autocratic colleagues and American satellites in the Persian Gulf. Russia and China were absolutely not ready to oppose the United States and their satellites in the Protection of Libya. One can only state that in the long term, the Faisco Faisco Faisco failed. In the "Beautiful New World" of the late-Washington system of the world order, the Small countries left two choices - either to completely bend under the world hegemon, or enter the "axis evil" and become a "country-outcast country". Gaddafi to the very end, even during the aggression, tried to lavish and preserve the real sovereignty of his country, but without the external guarantors of this sovereignty, these attempts were doomed to failure in the face of the ineumatured military force, which they wrapped in Libya.

It should also be said that the internal policy of Libya until the time before the time did not tales the threats to the rule of Gaddafi, since rare tribal troubles, the performances of Islamists or the demarchas of the pro-Western intelligentsia did not wear a threatening nature. Most of Libyans openly supported the Gaddafi Board, which increased their level of welfare.


The table is clearly visible to the stable purchasing power of the Libyan dinar before the 2008 crisis.

But the disturbing symptoms began to accumulate for Gaddafi since the end of the 90s, when the middle class of major cities like Misurata and Benghazi began to interpret social benefits provided by Gaddafi as insufficient, and the absence of a number of rights and freedoms began to use for accusations in direct dictatorship. During the period of economic growth and high prices for oil, it was not dangerous, but the financial collapse of 2008, shocked world markets and the outer conjuncture began to lay on the structural problems of the Libyan economy, causing a rise in tension in society.

A few years before the start of rebellion and aggression, a delegation from the DPRK was visited in Libya, one of whose members later shared his observations on the internal situation. Northern Koreans were noted both a high standard of living and the loss of the revolutionary spirit and the erosion of the socialist basis of the Gaddafi regime under the influence of quite trivial bourgeois values \u200b\u200blike thrust for increasing consumption, when the ideological foundations of the state begin to be perceived as an obstacle, and the government provided, which was in fact was conquering The Libyan Revolution, mistakenly begins to seem natural and independent of the ruling regime. The problem of Libyan insurrection is not that Libyans lived badly. They lived better most of their neighbors. The problem is that a rather high level of social benefits and guarantees began to be perceived as insufficient. There was a dangerous idea that "Gaddafi does not dod". It cannot be said that the family of Gaddafi did not use the fruits of long-term power - they lived quite luxuriously, but at the same time, it should not be noted that they did a lot for both the development of the state and for the growth of the welfare of citizens.


Democracy in Libyan.

At the same time, it is impossible to say that there was a direct dictatorship, a peculiar system of "People's Soviets", was quite efficient and ensured the access of simple citizens with different levels of management.

Gaddafi sincerely believed about what he wrote in the "green book" and tried to build his perfect society, believing that giving citizens more than in most other countries of the region, he guarantees himself from the inner rebellion, where the actor will not perform political marginal , and ordinary citizens. He did not take into account the global protest trend, which after the 2008 crisis shook the whole world with rallies and protests. He also did not take into account the fact that it is discontent that could not be dangerous in itself will be supported by the West and his opponents in the Arab world. As a result, discontent turned into a rebellion, which Gaddafi almost managed to suppress. But it is almost not considered with the first bombs of NATO aircraft, a countdown began to destroy Libya in the form in which Gaddafi was built.

The lesson of Jamahiriya is that it is quite realistic to build unique projects for the development of their people and the state without following obedient in the fairway of the primary ideologies. But at the same time, it is necessary to be able to effectively protect its vision of the future from the "bombing democracy". Libya in 2011 had no such opportunity.

But the death of Jamahiriya in the fire of aggression was not in vain - the heroic resistance of the Libyan army and the image of a non-worn old colonel, who was frantically threatened by the inerable strength of the world hegemon, struck the world. Died, Gaddafi won the time for other victims of the upcoming restructuring of the "Big Middle East" and the current struggle of Assad, would be impossible without this last gift that Gaddafi presented to the world. This is also part of his heritage, which will significantly and much later, when the Bloody Chaos of the Libyan War will lose its current relevance. The Great Dream Gaddafi died, but he himself entered the historical immortality, as his rich life and his heroic death, which reflected the spirit of our time.

Muammar Gaddafi became known to the general public after his death.

This extraordinary political leader, organizer and reformer of Libya is considered one of the largest political figures of the Middle East.

His political activity marked a new era in Libya's history. The ambiguous estimates of the period of its rule are still disputes among political scientists.

Some call him a bloody dictator, a usurper of power and a murderer, others consider the great leader of the revolution, which made a lot to improve the situation in their native country. Who really was Muammar Gaddafi?

Childhood. Study Muammar Gaddafi

Muammar Gaddafi was born in a simple Bedouin family. Later he repeatedly emphasized this fact and he was very proud. The date of his birth is exactly unknown, only a year is known - 1940. So the biographers think, the same as Gaddafi claims that he was born in 1942.

His family nomaded in the desert away from the sea in search of fertile land plots, and to be able to learn, Gaddafi often had to overcome long distances to the nearest school.

Gaddafi was the last child in the family and the only boy that could not not affect his character. His perseverance finally helped him finish school. In 1962, Gaddafi graduated from the Historical Faculty of University in Benghazi.

During his studies, it has repeatedly participated in various anti-government promotions, for which he was expelled from the city. He had to continue his studies in the mysteria. He successfully graduated from him, and later, in 1965, he graduated from a military school in Benghazi.

After studying Gaddafi passed internship in the UK. Already then, Gaddafi was released by simplicity of habits, strict consequences of Islamic traditions and communicability. These qualities later helped him in the formation of his own revolutionary movement.

Internal Policy Muammar Gaddafi

The largest political accomplishment of Muammar Gaddafi is the overthrow of the current Government of Libya led by King Idris I. The political coup in the country has been brewed for a long time. There were several reasons for this:

  • italian colonization;
  • the presence of many scattered nomadic tribes in the country;
  • severe economic situation with rich natural resources;
  • foreign intervention;
  • serious problems in the social sphere.

The uprising was needed by the leader, and it received it. While studying at the Military College, Gaddafi looked at the young officers who surrounded him, picked up like-minded people who shared his ideas. The Revolution plan was ready in early 1969. The speech itself, which was postponed three times, took place on September 1.

Gaddafi and other officers who managed by combat units at the same time began an offensive, capturing key objects in the country. To 7 o'clock in the morning, the main radio station was seized, on the air of which Gaddafi appealed to the country, declaring the creation of the Arab Libyan Republic (Jamacharia).

The internal policy of Muammar Gaddafi was, on the one hand, aimed at strengthening power through its centralization. This goal was achieved using authoritarian management methods, namely:

  • a complete change in the legislation (all laws that existed before the arrival of Gaddafi to power were canceled, and the laws based on Sharia were adopted instead of them);
  • full changes in the management system (instead of the ministries, people's secretariats were founded, the formal chapter of the country no longer existed);
  • the idea of \u200b\u200b"nationality" (according to the theory of Gaddafi, power should belong to the masses);
  • the suppression of dissent (political groups and meetings were banned in the country).

Despite the fact that the leader of the country was an opponent of the ideas of communism, in its reforms he clearly took an example from the political model of the USSR, which was unsafe during the Cold War. On the other hand, Gaddafi did everything possible to improve the situation in the country.

Huge funds that Libya received minerals from trafficking, he sent to an increase in the welfare of citizens. By the time he came to power, most of the population of Libya was illiterate. Gaddafi solved this problem by building schools and libraries.

Libyans could receive free education in their own country, and their training abroad was paid for by the state. In addition, Gaddafi maintained a small business. With it, profitable lending schemes of beginner businessmen were created.

Young families received a loan when buying housing. He also attracted attention to the problem of discrimination against women in the country. He stated that, in his opinion, each man must be content with one wife (which confirmed by a personal example, terminating the first marriage before joining the second). These measures made Gaddafi popular among the population of Libya.

Foreign policy of Gaddafi.

However, thus supporting the indigenous population of Libya, Gaddafi tried in every way to protect his country from the influence of the outside. So, among his first orders were the closure of the British and American military bases in Libya. In the short term, Gaddafi got rid of the presence of foreign military in the country.

In addition to the proclaimed idea of \u200b\u200bthe integrity of the Arab People's Republic, they also doubt the desire to avoid possible intervention. Gaddafi also sent from the country of all Italians who were there since the colonization times. He stated that this was done for their good, so that the people of Libya did not deal with them.

However, all the property expelled was confiscated. Gaddafi conducted a tough foreign policy, achieving the independence of the country on any issues. High oil prices gave Libya financial independence, which helped Gaddafi follow the selected course.

Results of the Gaddafi Board

  • improving the well-being of citizens;
  • the creation of a centralized state;
  • reducing the level of terrorism in the country;
  • reduced crime levels.

Muammar Gaddafi was killed on October 20, 2011 after the events during the so-called "Arab Spring". After his death, the country's territory actually broke into several independent territories fighting among themselves.

  • Gaddafi was married twice. He has a daughter and seven sons.
  • Once, Gaddafi collected young Italians in his residence and suggested them to switch to Islam.
  • Being a country leader with rich oil reserves, Gaddafi was very modest in everyday life.
  • Gaddafi retained the rank of Colonel to the whole life - there was no more of this title in Libya.

On June 7, 85 years old Muammar Gaddafi would be 85 years old - the leader of the Libyan Revolution, one of the most extraordinary and interesting politicians of the Arab world and the African continent. On the role of Gaddafi in Libya, the Arab East, Africa and the world as a whole, numerous researchers are still arguing. Estimates of his political activity fluctuate from absolute rejection and accusations in all mortal sins to complete delight. Who is he, Gaddafi? Terrorist or champion of peace and stability? Man who turned Libya into one of the most developed and rich states of the East, or a greedy corruptor? Supporter of the most radical version of the People's Democracy - Jamahiriiria, almost anarchist, or a cruel sole dictator?


Muammar Gaddafi to his brutal murder was one of the political long-livers of the world. He headed Libya on September 1, 1969, as a result of a military coup, called the Libyan Revolution. Organized the coup young officers adhered to nationalist and socialist convictions, admired the neighboring Egypt, in which Hamal Abdel Nasser has long been in power. In those years it was difficult to surprise the world about the next military coup in the next African country. But the military who came to power in Libya were able to truly change the country. For the first time, one of the first to the most backward states of Africa began to play an independent role in world politics. Libya to Gaddafi and during Gaddafi differed approximately as China before and during the Board of Communists. Even even stronger.

By 1969, Libya was a constitutional monarchy. The young state officially proclaimed independence in 1951. The royal throne took the emir of Kyrenaiki and Tripolitania Idris, more precisely - Muhammad Idris As-Sanushi (1890-1983). The grandson of the Muslim Order of the Muslim Order of Satarsitis Muhammad Ibn-Ali As-Sanushi, Idris became Emir of Kerenaiki in 1916, and in 1921 he was proclaimed with Emir of All Libya.

For a long time he led the resistance to Italian colonizers and since 1923 lived in Egypt. When Italy failed in World War II, Libya was given under the Office of England and France. In 1947, Idris returned to the country, who was proclaimed by the Emir of All Libya, and in 1950 - the king. By this time, Idris had already had strong connections with the UK, which collaborated in the 1930s - 1940s, during the struggle against the Italians. Although in 1951 the independence of the Kingdom of Libya was proclaimed, in fact, this poor desert state remained half colonias of the Western powers. Thus, the United Kingdom, according to the Agreement of July 20, 1953, received the right of unlimited use for military purposes of all ports and airfields of the Kingdom. The United States of America retained the largest and most powerful military aviation base of Willus-Field in the vicinity of Tripoli, which the US Air Force was searched back in 1945. King Idris in exchange for cash payments agreed with the presence of American aviation in his "sovereign" kingdom. France also retained its troops and military bases on the territory of South Libya - the historical province of Fetzsan.

Simultaneously with the use of Libyan territory for military purposes, the United States of America drew attention to the main wealth of the country - oil. American companies engaged in the development of petroleum fields. Funds from oil production treated in the United States, a smaller part got king Idris. Naturally, ordinary Libyans from oil production had no benefit. The country continued to live in poverty, with the lowest level of development of social infrastructure. At the same time, Idris did not seek to develop and armed forces - he was very afraid of a military coup. After all, before the eyes there was a visual example - the overthrow of the monarchy in neighboring Egypt.

Time showed - Idris was right. The Libyan monarchy was destroyed by the military, young officers in the titles from Lieutenant to Major, and inspired their Egyptian experience. He headed the military coup of the charismatic Bedouin Muammar al-Gaddafi, a leaving from Berber in origin, but long-adopted Arabic of the al-Gaddafa nomadic tribe. In 1969 he was only 27 years old. A young officer served as a captain in the engineering troops of the Libyan Kingdom. The date of the coup was selected very successfully. King Idris at that time was treated in Turkey and could not prevent the actions of the military. The entrances to the American military bases were blocked so that American soldiers could not quickly prevent the actions of revolutionaries.

In his appeal to the people, the coup was emphasized that the "reactionary and corrupt" regime of King Idris was overthrown for the sake of spiritual revival, Arabisma and Islam. With the help of religious slogans, officers sought to consolidate wide popular masses, poorly educated, but deep believers. Power in the country has moved to the advice of the revolutionary command. On September 8, 1969, the 27-year captain Muammar Gaddafi was awarded the title of Colonel and he was appointed the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the country. By the way, until 1979, Gaddafi remained the only colonel in the Libyan army.

For 42 years of staying in power, Gaddafi passed a big way and ideological, and political evolution. From the young fiery revolutionary, the idealist who was in constant search for the best development path for the Libyan People of Gaddafi turned into a "fox" of African politics. He skillfully lavaled between the socialist and capitalist camp, managed to maintain revolutionary movements around the world - from Latin America to Oceania. For several decades, Gaddafi turned into one of the key sponsors of the left-radical and national liberation movements of the world - it was used by Irish and Basque Nationalists, the Philippine Separatists of Muslim National Moro, a number of national movements in tropical Africa. Gaddafi managed to expand the political influence on many African countries and turn Libya to the regional power, actively participating in African politics. With the support of Gaddafi, the heads of state in Western, Central and East Africa were overthrowed. He supported the amazing revolutionary leader of Burkina Faso Tomas Sankaru and Iron Jerry Rollings in Ghana.

Oil revenues, unlike royal regime, during the reign of Muammar Gaddafi, were aimed, first of all, the development of the country - all directions of its livelihoods, from the armed forces and special services to social infrastructure. Of course, Muammar Gaddafi was not ascetic, especially in the second half of his life. He left a lot to himself, his children, relatives, representatives of the al-Gaddaf tribe were not distressed. But at the same time, in contrast to the monarchy period, under Gaddafi Libya achieved tremendous success precisely in the socio-economic and sociocultural spheres of the life of society. In Libyan Jamahiriya, there was no apartment fee, gasoline prices remained minimal, the country's citizens were provided with interest-free loans for the purchase of apartments and cars, one-time subsidies to the newlyweds. Large families received the right to heal in special stores with very cheap food prices. Education and health care in Libya was also free, and training abroad was paid to promising students.

Over time, Libya has turned into an African analogue of the states of the Persian Gulf, only with a completely different ideology. Gastarbaiters from the whole African continent flocked in Libya, first of all - from the poor countries of the Sahel - Niger, Mali, Chad, Burkina Faso. Gaddafi managed to "tame" the freedom-loving soldiers of the desert - Tuaregov, who served in the Libyan armed forces. Already later, when Jamahiriya fell, many taways from the Libyan army returned to their homeland - in Mali, where they raised the armed struggle for the liberation of Azavad - "Country Taaregov". At one time, Gaddafi has repeatedly spoke to European politicians that Libya performs the role of migration container from Africa to Europe. He was right. After the destruction of Jamahiriiria and the death of Gaddafi, Europe began to circle from the flow of African migrants, thousands of which are overcome by the Mediterranean Sea daily, going from the Libyan coast. Among them - people from the countries of the Sahel, as well as the Libyans themselves who had never left for Europe as migrant workers - it was possible to earn money in their homeland.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States of America took up the gradual elimination of secular nationalist regimes in the Arab East. The start was given by the famous Operation "Storm in the Desert", after which the Iraqi president Saddam Hussein took the place of one of the main "horror stories" of American propaganda. In the end, the United States and Allies undertook armed aggression against Iraq in 2003. The regime of Saddam Hussein was overthrown, and once the mighty Iraqi leader was caught, judging and demonstratively executed over his hanging. The execution of Saddam and the destruction of Iraq as a stable and strong state became anxious call for other Arab leaders.

Gaddafi perfectly understood the hint and tried to normalize relations with the West. He put into the country of foreign experts, even agreed to pay compensation to victims of terrorist acts organized from the submission of Libyan special services. Gradually, Gaddafi became increasingly visited to Europe, met with English, French, Italian leaders. But the "fox desert" calculated - he could never become "his" and even the desired junior partner for the United States and the European Union. Not helped and flattery at Barack Obama - "Son of Africa". In September 2009, Gaddafi spoke with a two-hour speech at the UN General Assembly, which emphasized that he would like to see Barack Obama by the US President "forever," and said that Obama was not at all such as previous American presidents. After only two years, "not the same as previous" American president Barack Obama welcomed the brutal murder of Muammar Gaddafi.

On the morning of October 20, 2011, when trying to escape from the besieged by the rebels and NATO special universities of Sirta, Muammar Gaddafi was captured. He was surrounded by a crowd of irresting rebels. It is well known about the last minutes of the life of the Libyan leader, it makes no sense to return to a detailed description of this terrible murder. Together with Gaddafi, his son was killed 36-year-old Mutazzym Bill Gaddafi (1974-2011), who held the position of security advisor under the leader of the Libyan Revolution, and the Minister of Defense and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Brigadier General Abu Bakr Unis Jabber (1940-2011) - Nearest Communimets of Gaddafi is still on the military coup in 1969, to the end remained with the colonel.

What is Libya today? The field of the "war of all against all", where numerous armed groups of political, religious and simply confront each other. The official authorities of Libya do not control the situation on most of the country. For example, rather extensive areas remain under the control of the militants of the IG (prohibited in Russia). Armed conflicts between tribes and clans are periodically flashing, and a formal reason for the start of shooting is always. So, in November 2016, there was a clash of two tribal groups due to monkey. A monkey belonged to the merchant from the Gaddadf tribe, threw a headscarf from a schoolgirl from the Avold Suleiman tribe. In response, the relatives of the girl killed a monkey and three members of the Gaddadf tribe. Bloody collision has begun with the use of gunshot, later mortars and even armored vehicles went into business. 16 people died, another 50 people were injured. Of course, an unfortunate monkey became just a reason to start the next phase of "disassembly" between the two largest clans of the Sabkhi, but the story itself is very significant for understanding what has become with the Libyan state after the murder of Muammar Gaddafi.

Since the death of Gaddafi, six years have passed, but the world never came to Libyan land. "Stability and democracy", which in words wanted to approve in Libya American and European "benevolences", actually turned around the bloody civil war, the end of which is not expected. The once prosperous country has become "Afghanistan" of North Africa, and now migrant workers from all over the continent, and from Libya, hundreds of thousands of people run to Europe, fleeing the horrors of war. The only one who attracts this ruined country - mercenaries and terrorists of all the masters for which the war is the main earnings. And who will say that the authoritarian style of the board and even corruption is more terrible evil than what is happening today in Libyan land?

The overthrow of Gaddafi and destabilization of the situation in Libya became only one of the links of the overall strategy of chaos, an exhaled United States and their satellites in the Middle and Middle East, on the African continent. The famous Arab Spring 2011 overaxed most of the secular nationalist regimes - Libyan, Tunisian, Egyptian, Yemensky. Blood civil war was unleashed in Syria, and Syrian President Bashar Assad after Muammar Gaddafi became the next "sacral enemy" of the United States and allies in the Middle East.

Five years ago, after taking the rebels of the city of Sirt, Muammar Gaddafi was brutally killed. Together with the leader of Libya, his son died. Over their bodies, rebels mocked for several days, exposing for everyone to see the supermarket. The rest of the children of Gaddafi became the targets of the rebels. How was their fate - in the material site

Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi was married twice and brought up deciduous children. In the first marriage, Gaddafi was born the son of Muhammad. In the second - seven sons and daughter. There were colonel and adoptive children - a Hannah girl and a boy Middle, a native nephew Gaddafi. After several bombing, only five of his children remained alive, three of them are in prisons.

1. Harves, defending father and Libya

The adopted children of Gaddafi Hannah and Mel. Abuseta died in April 1986 during the US military operation. 15 F-111 bombers on the night of April 14-25 staged raid on the residence of the Libyan leader. The purpose of a strictly classified operation was the elimination of Gaddafi, but he did not suffer, according to unofficial data, the father saved my father.

Two more sons of Colonel died during the 2011 Civil War. The 29-year-old Safe Al-Arab and three grandchildren of Gaddafi, the older of them was about three years old, the younger girl - a few months, became victims of NATO airplane to the House of Colonel. The incident occurred on April 30th. I buried the sixth son of Libyan Jamahiriya leader in Al-Hani cemetery. After the fall of Tripoli, the grave Saif al-Arab was desecrated, his body dug and burned the rebels.

On October 20, 2011, after taking the rebels of the city of Sirta, 36-year-old Muttazim was killed with his father. The fourth son of the Colonel, who led his own squad, tried to break away from the besieged city. According to international human rights defenders, the son of Gaddafi was captured, and after a few hours he was executed.

During the lifetime, Muttazim was in the nearest environment of his father and was the possible heir to power. In 2009, in Washington, Muttazim met with US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, which marked the highest level of bilateral Libyan-American relations since their establishment. Later he was appointed State Security Advisor.

Unknown remains the fate of the younger son of Gaddafi Khamis. He graduated from the Military Academy in Tripoli, receiving a bachelor's degree from the Military Sciences, and then studied in Moscow at the Frunze Military Academy. After returning to Libya, he headed one of the most combat and faithful Muammar Gaddafi of the Armed Divisions - the 32nd Special Force Brigade.

According to official data, Hamis died in battles for the city of Tarkhun in August 2011. However, the press periodically appears messages that the younger son Gaddafi is alive and continues to participate in battles with their soldiers from the elite division.

2. Found from the country

Muhammad is the eldest son Muammar Gaddafi, during the reign of Father, was the chairman of the General Companies and Telecommunications of Libya, which manages the relationship in the country, and is the main Internet provider of the republic. Muhammad was considered a possible successor of the colonel.

However, in August 2011, during the civil war, the Sala of Gaddafi captured the forces of the Transitional National Council in his house in Tripoli. The next day, Muhammad managed to escape with the help of supporters of Gaddafi regime. A week later, on August 29, he headed to Algeria with his family. From there, Muhammad moved to Oman, where he received shelter. At the same time, Oman's authorities put forward a condition - the son of Gaddafi should not participate in political activities.

Also during the 2011 Civil War from Libya, the fifth son of Gaddafi Hannibal fled, known for supervised the oil sector of the republic and fell into scandalous chronicles. In October 2012, he lived in Algeria with his family, after emigrated to Lebanon. However, on December 12, 2015, Hannibal was kidnapped by the Shiite grouping figures. After a few hours, he was released, but already on December 14, Hannibal was detained by the Lebanese service of internal security. He was accused of concealing information about the disappearance of 37 years ago in Libya Shiite spiritual and political leader Imam Musa As-Sader. On the same day, the Lebanese court issued an order for the arrest of 40-year-old Hannibal Gaddafi.

3.Aysh Gaddafi

The only mother's daughter Muammar Gaddafi Aisha has always attracted public attention. She was educated in Europe (studied the right in Sorbonne), was military training, becoming a lieutenant colonel of the Libyan army. The charming and intelligent girl was often called one of the main beauties in Middle Eastern politics, Arab journalists called it Claudia Schiffer North Africa.

Aisha led an active political on social activity: he performed as a defender of Saddam Hussein, engaged in problems of HIV-infected and AIDS patients, was the Ambassador of the UN Good Will. For a long time, she was considered one of the possible successors of the Father as a leader of Libyan Jamahiriya.

From the very beginning of the excitement in Libya Aisha supported the Father. She filed NATO for the bombing of the Gaddafi residence. Aisha argued that the attack contradicted the norms of warfare, as shells were purposefully flying to a civil building. She herself lost a lot on that day - during the bombing, her two children and her husband died.

When the battle for Tripoli was lost, Aishe together with Brother Hannibal and other relatives managed to flee to Algeria. At this time, the daughter of the Libyan leader was pregnant, the rebels were hunted behind her, in the case of his arrest, he would have suffered a fate of the elder brother Muttazim - painful death without any court.

Algerian authorities allowed daughters Gaddafi to arrive in the territory of their country. Being in exile, Aisha gave birth to a girl. In 2013, she and the child provided a political asylum of Oman, according to other data, Eritrea. Currently, the exact location of the daughter of Gaddafi is unknown, but from time to time in the media, allegedly appeal to Ashi Gaddafi to the Libyan people with a call to the resistance of NATO invaders and terrorists.

4. In prison

In 2015, the Libyan court sentenced to the death penalty of the second son Muammar Gaddafi. Saif Al-Islam was considered the right hand of his father and enjoyed the support of many Libyans. The formation of Saif received in England (studied in the London School of Economics and Political Sciences, having received the degree of Doctor of Science), after studying created the International Cooperation Fund in the field of charity. In 2003, he participated in negotiations with Britain, the result of which was the resumption of trading ties of Tripoli and London.

After the death of Father Saif, he headed the strength of the resistance of Libya and promised to take revenge on the death of Colonel Gaddafi, but a month later, in November 2011, the rebels grabbed him. Saif Al-Islam was recognized as guilty of corruption and crimes against civilians, sentenced to execution. International human rights organizations expressed concern about the decision of Tripoli's court, doubting the honesty and competence of the Libyan judicial system.

But the verdict was not appealed. In addition, Libyans refused to issue Saif Al-Islam International Criminal Court in the Hague. Now the son of the Colonel in anticipation of the shooting is in the prison of the city of Zictan.

Also, the third son of Muammar Gaddafi Saadi was taken into custody - in the past, professional football player. He fled to Niger in 2011, but was extradeaded in Libya in 2014. Since then, Saadi is in one of the metropolitan prisons. He is accused of suppressing popular speeches, corruption, as well as in the murder, perfect in 2005.


After the folk unrest and civil war, which led to the overthrow and murder of Muammar Gaddafi, Libya turned out to be fragmented. In the republic's tighted military conflict, there is no single power - political groups were mired in civil workers, the economy collapsed, the volume of oil production was falling, terrorism flourishes, trafficking in people, weapons, and no one even tries to stop the flow of refugees and drug trafficking. Complete Tirana, giving Libya stability, succeeded in a few months. Five years caught in a confused country for five years.