What are the flies - nasty and annoying. From the beginning of spring until late autumn, there is no life from flies. In the spring, as soon as the sun warms up, these creatures crawl out of nowhere and bask under the first hot rays. At this time, the flies are lazy, few in number, they are reluctant to fly, and even then for short distances. But after a few days, there are more flies.

This is where the suffering begins. These arrogant, annoying insects penetrate everywhere. You left a piece of meat or bread open for five minutes, and you can be sure that flies are sitting on it. You opened a pan with compote, grab a spoon as soon as possible - to save floating flies, and if you get lost and fall asleep on the street, the fly will calmly sit on your face, or maybe crawl into your open mouth.

The closer to autumn, the more impudent the flies begin to bite. There is absolutely no life for them. Why is this happening? Maybe the flies are attacked by some kind of disease? Or maybe something changes in the structure of their mouth? Why don't flies bite in summer and sting in autumn?

Do not blame the house fly for what it cannot do if it wants to. There are many sins behind the house fly, but it cannot sting. Other species bite.

What are the flies on the territory of Russia - there are over twenty thousand species of flies, many of which are so similar to each other that only an experienced specialist can distinguish them.

At the end of summer and autumn, the autumn stinger stings, the female of which must definitely drink blood in order to continue her race.

Housefly

In addition to house flies and zhigalki, what are the flies in human homes - you can often meet other representatives of the family of flies. So, a small house fly, or fania, differs from an ordinary fly in size: it is half the size. The following flies are larger: these are calliphora, or meat, sarcophagus, or carrion, and bazaar.

The meat fly is large with a blue, blue or green metallic sheen: it can often be found near cesspools and garbage dumps, it flies into the house to the smell of meat. Carrion fly gray; her specialty is animal carcasses and rotting refuse. These two flies often hit the windows with a strong buzz, trying to fly out into the street.

wolf fly

In the southern regions of our country, in bazaars and markets, a frequent visitor, if not the owner, is the bazaar fly, somewhat larger than our house fly. The most dangerous for humans, perhaps, is the Wolfart fly.

It differs from other flies in that it does not lay eggs, but packs of live larvae, and tries to lay them in various wounds, as well as in the eyes and ears of a wide variety of vertebrates. In the three to four days that the larvae spend in the body of the animal, they have time to thoroughly eat away living tissues.

Let's watch a video - how to expel a fly

The fly is a two-winged, annoying arthropod insect.

It was this name that she received from the ancient Slavic times from the word "mus", which translates as "gray".

What does a fly look like?

Everyone probably knows what this insect looks like, but it’s still worth taking a look at the presented photos of various flies.

The length of her body ranges from a millimeter level to two cm. The hairy body of a fly has two wings with membranes, a fairly voluminous head and a belly with three pairs of paws.

The mouth is arranged like a proboscis that sucks liquid food. The legs of the fly have rather developed sharp segments and sticky pads, which allow it to stay upside down on any surface.

The eyes of the insect are especially unique, they contain thousands of hexagonal crystals, which allows the fly to simultaneously see what is happening from absolutely any side (even the background), that is, it has a circular field of view. The mustache is capable of catching and recognizing many different scents.

Habitat and food for flies

The insect fly is a very heat-loving arthropod and does not tolerate a drop in temperature at all. Its habitat is almost the entire globe, excluding cold Antarctica.

They prefer residential areas, closer to people and animals. The fly can be observed in the dwelling during the warm season, where it takes root from early spring to late autumn.

The life of an insect is rather short - a maximum of 2.5 months.

Flies eat almost any organic food that is pre-soaked with their saliva. Sweets occupy the first place in her diet, but there are also exceptional individuals who choose raw vegetables.

Common subspecies of flies

At first glance, it seems that the flies are all the same - such as we are used to chasing them around the house. But their population has exceeded 3,600 species!

Here are the most common types of flies:

Housefly or housefly

It is the most common insect living near people. Such an instance is not blood-sucking and practically does not bite, which still does not make it safe.

The body is painted dark gray, on the belly there are limbs with tentacles that actively carry bacteria and dirt dangerous to humans, which provokes infection with various infections.

The size of a house fly, as a rule, does not exceed 8 mm. Oddly enough, males are usually much smaller than females. A distinctive feature of the domestic individual is a broken-shaped vein on the wings just before the edge.

Fly green or carrion

This unpleasant, but rather colorful creature can be found in garden plots, near peat or manure. They prefer habitats near sewage with a specific smell.

Ilyinitsa beekeeper

Quite a large specimen (1.5 cm) of dark color, covered with numerous fluffy hairs.

It is dangerous because if the larvae accidentally enter the human body, serious intestinal diseases are born.

Fly ktyr

A huge predator devouring midges, mosquitoes, etc. Unlike its counterparts, an insect brings great benefits to humans, exterminating unnecessary pests and dangerous insects.

Their habitat is any rotting food, where other small insects and larvae are found, which it feeds on.

Tsetse fly

It lives in the vastness of Africa and feeds on the blood of cattle and wild animals.

Representatives of this class suffer an incurable disease that gradually destroys all human organs and ends in death.


Hoverfly or sirfida

Very similar to a wasp. In the summer, you can see such a fly hovering over flowering plants, or near a cluster of garden aphids.

For humans, this individual is safe. It feeds on the nectar of inflorescences and spider mites. The buzzing of the fly resembles the sound of murmuring water, for which it received a beautiful name.

Fly breeding stages

Most fly species lay their eggs 3 days after mating on food or waste surfaces.

The possibilities of the female are great - during her existence she can lay up to three thousand eggs! Masonry occurs a maximum of 15 times during the life of the female.

The very next day, larvae appear from the eggs - maggots that grow instantly, increasing in volume by 800 times in seven days, depending on the air temperature.

A heat-loving larva can die already at + 8 degrees.

Then a pupa appears, which grows and develops for another week. After a couple of weeks, it turns into a full-fledged fly, which does not change its shape during a short life (3 weeks).

The fly brings dirt and unsanitary conditions into our lives, laying dangerous larvae almost everywhere. They are also carriers of many diseases and infections, able to survive on any living organism and adapt to any habitat.

fly photo

The fly (Musca) got its name from the Old Slavic word “mus”, meaning “gray”. Diptera belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, class Insects, order Diptera.

Fly - description and characteristics

The body length of a fly can be from a few millimeters to 2 cm. The insect has a pair of membranous wings, a rather large head, endowed with a mouth organ - a proboscis, designed to absorb liquid food. The body of the fly consists of three parts: the head, abdomen and chest, ending in three pairs of legs. Each leg of a fly is divided into five segments. One part is a foot, with two sharp claws and sticky pads. This feature allows the fly to move briskly along the ceiling and any vertical surfaces.

The fly's eyes are a unique organ. Thanks to several thousand hexagonal facets, the fly has a circular field of view, so its huge eyes can easily simultaneously see everything that happens to the side and even behind. The olfactory organ is the antennae, capable of recognizing odors at a great distance.

Types of flies, names and photos

There are 3,650 species of fly worldwide, some of which are particularly common:

  • room(house) fly

gray insect, native to the Asian steppes. It is distributed everywhere, most often near human habitation. Outwardly, many species are similar to the house fly, but it is distinguished by a special break at the edge of the wings. Under favorable conditions, the insect can live up to 2 months;

  • hoverfly (syrphid)

similar in appearance and habits to. The insect is distinguished by a black and yellow striped body and transparent wings. The hoverfly feeds on the nectar of flowering plants, it is absolutely harmless. The name of the fly was due to the murmuring sound made by the wings when hovering;

  • green(carrion) fly

An insect with a shiny emerald body that lives near sewage and carrion. In order not to be eaten after mating, the male fly brings some food to the female;

  • common silt (tenacious) or bee silt

considered a subspecies of hover flies. A large insect, up to 1.5 cm long, with a dark body covered with hairy pubescence. The larvae of the bee elnitsa that have entered the human body can cause serious intestinal disorders;

  • ktyr

a large predatory fly that poses a danger to midges, as well as flies of this kind. Killing various dangerous insects with a sharp sting and poison, ktyri flies bring significant benefits to mankind;

  • tsetse fly

inhabitant of the African continent. The main source of nutrition for this dangerous predator is the blood of wild mammals, as well as livestock and people. Tsetse flies are carriers of trypanosomes, which provoke an incurable disease that destroys the immune and nervous systems and leads to death.

Tsetse fly. Alan R Walker, CC BY-SA 3.0

Where do flies live?

Flies live on all continents except Antarctica, near animal burrows and human dwellings. This heat-loving insect does not tolerate sub-zero temperatures: already at +8, the laid eggs of flies die.

What do flies eat?

Flies are omnivorous insects and can eat any organic food. The solid food of the fly is pre-soaked with saliva. Sweet liquids and foods are especially preferred. Some types of flies are true "gourmets" and eat only onions or. Pyophilids (cheese flies) breed only inside the head of cheese.

fly breeding

With the exception of some viviparous species, most flies lay eggs. Males lure females with a soft buzz. 2-3 days after mating, the female fly is ready to lay eggs in any food or organic waste.

One clutch contains approximately 150 eggs. During its existence, the female fly is able to lay up to 3 thousand eggs. A day later, fly larvae, maggots appear.

This stage of development lasts about a week, during this period the larva increases in size up to 800 times.

The larval stage passes into pupation and continues for another week. An adult fly, which does not change its size throughout its life, is born 12-14 days after laying eggs.

The first 2-3 days, until the wings are strong, the insect can only crawl. The average lifespan of a fly is 3 weeks.

Lecture: "Flies and their importance in animal pathology."

1. Characteristics of flies by groups.

2. Pathogenic effect of flies.

3. Measures to combat flies.

Literature:

1. Zakhvatkin Yuri Alekseevich "Course of General Entomology". M. Kolos, 2001

2. Kunichkin Gennady Ilyich. "Insects - causative agents and carriers of diseases of farm animals" Alma-ata, 1989.

3. Tolokonnikov Vasily Petrovich. Immunobiological bases, means and methods of combating myiasis in sheep. Abstract, 1995

Starting to study insects, we first of all pay attention to their appearance and external features, trying to understand at least the most general properties of their structure and organization. Our eyes perceive at least 90% of the information available to us about the world around us, so morphology has accumulated a huge number of obvious facts. It was morphology that began the systematization of these facts, their comparison and interpretation. It is quite natural that all existing systems and classifications are based on morphological facts.

Of the great variety of insects, flies inhabit almost the entire earth from the polar countries to the equator.

Many flies live in the wild, but some types of flies live near people and such flies are called commensal flies.

Flies that live on livestock farms or near animals are called zoophilic.

115 species of zoophilous flies are known. Most of them (92 species) live in pastures, while the rest are indoors.

According to modern taxonomy, flies are classified as:

Tipu Arropoda

Class Insecta

Neg. Diptera

P/neg. Brachicera

6 main families

1. Sem. Muscidae - real flies (3000 species)

main types:

Musca domestica - housefly

Musca autumnalis - field fly

Musca amica - Siberian field fly

Musca larvipara - viviparous field fly

Blood-sucking flies:

Stomoxys calcitrans - autumn stallion

Haematobia stimulans - cow's stallion

Haematobia atripalpis - horse stallion

Lyperosia irritans - small cow's fly

Lyperosia titilans - southern cow's fly

Sem. Calliphoridae - blue and green blowflies

Calliphora vicina - blue blowfly

Lucilia sericata – green blowfly

Family Sarcophagidae - gray blowflies

Wohlfahryia magnifica - Wolfart fly

Sem Hippoboscidae - bloodsuckers

Melophagus ovinus - sheep bloodsucker

Hippobosca eguina - horse bloodsucker

Sem. Ulididae - ulidids

Physiphora demandata - silage fly

Sem. Piophilidae - pyophilids

Piophila casei - cheese fly

Despite this diversity, all flies have some morphological features similar to each other. The massive body of flies is divided into 3 sections: head, thorax and abdomen.

On the head are complexly arranged eyes, antennae (antennas) and mouth organs. The structure of the oral organs depends on the method of nutrition, but is designed to receive only liquid food.

The thoracic region consists of 3 parts, to which a pair of wings, 3 pairs of limbs are attached, and spiracles are located on the sides.

The abdomen has an oval shape, at the end of which are the genital organs - the copulatory organ of the male and the ovipositor of the female.

The entire body of insects is densely covered with hairs, the number of which and the location are strictly individual.

For a further story about the biology and pathology of flies, it would be advisable to characterize the flies by groups.

The housefly is no longer found in the wild. Manure, faeces, garbage are places. Where the larvae of the housefly develop - a constant companion of human settlements.

The reproduction rate of this species is amazing. At one time, the female on average lays about 100-150 eggs. With sufficient nutrition, oviposition is repeated at intervals of 2-4 days. During a hot summer, flies give 8-9 generations. If

if all the offspring of one fly survived, then by the end of the summer the total number would be more than 5 trillion individuals.

The full development cycle takes 10-20 days. It depends on the ambient temperature, at a temperature of 30C it lasts 8 days, at 35C - 6 days.

The most favorable environment for the development of the fly is pig manure, especially with an admixture of concentrated feed. In such manure there are up to 8 thousand larvae per 1 kg. The larvae hatch from the eggs in 1-2 days. They do not have a head and look like small worms. Larvae have extraintestinal digestion. They liquefy food by releasing digestive juices into it. After 7-10 days, the larvae begin to pupate; covered with a dense chitinous sheath. After 5-7 days, the imago emerges from the pupa. Within 1-2 hours, it should dry out, so the fly

runs fast, but can't fly yet. After 4-5 hours, the moss can take food, and after 5-6 days, the females will begin to lay eggs. Thus, the flies complete a complete metamorphosis. The fly lives on average 1 month. In warm rooms, flies overwinter in an active state and are even able to reproduce. In cold rooms, larvae and pupae overwinter.

The next group of flies are stingers. On the territory of Russia there are 5 types of zhigalki: autumn, horse, small cow, southern cow and just cow.

These flies are active bloodsuckers. They feed on animals and humans. The development of these flies (metamorphoses) follows the type of a house fly. The most active years of zhigalok begin from August to October. There is an opinion among the people that by the fall, house flies become "evil", i.e. begin to feed on blood, but this is not true. Although the flies are very similar in appearance, they have different types of food. After feeding on blood, after 6-7 hours, females lay their eggs either in fresh feces, or in rotting grasses or silage. Females can lay up to 500 eggs in their lifetime. 3-4 clutches are made per season. They live for about 1 month.

The larvae leave the eggs after 24 hours, after 5-7 days they turn into pupae. The pupal phase lasts 4-5 days, then the imago emerges. Flies also dry out within 2-3 hours and begin to feed on blood. Females begin laying eggs in 2-4 days. Full development takes 12 to 24 days.

Zhigalki attack mainly old, weakened animals, often with a dark coat.

Field flies. These include: Siberian field fly, viviparous field fly and simply field fly. In appearance, they are similar to houseflies, but they never fly indoors. Field flies are most observed in July-August. Their main food is discharge from the eyes and nose of animals, as well as droplets of blood from a wound or after bites from other insects. In addition to blood, they can feed on nectar and

plant juices, liquid manure. Favorite places of localization on animals are the nose and eyes. These flies are capable of flying up to 15 km in search of a host. The development cycle lasts 8-15 days. Flies overwinter in the adult and pupal stages.

Meat flies. These flies include carrion flies, green blowflies, blue blowflies, and gray blowflies.

Blue and green blowflies appear in early spring, in March or April. These flies have a characteristic coloration. The main place of breeding is the accumulation of garbage, meat waste, carcasses of animals and fish. Flies are highly prolific. The female blue fly during her life, which is 165 days, makes 17 clutches, each with 3 thousand eggs. At a temperature of 18-22 C, their cycle lasts about 20 days. Only larvae overwinter.

Gray blow flies. Flies of this family are viviparous. The most dangerous for animals is the Wolfart fly, the larvae of which cause myiasis.

Adult flies live in pastures, feed on plant sap. As the larvae mature, the female throws them out of herself into wounds, ulcers, eyes, ears and other natural openings. The larvae are mobile, on the front edge they have hooks for attachment. The larvae feed on living tissues, causing suffering to animals. They can eat away large areas of muscle, down to the bones. If the female does not throw out the larvae, they will begin to eat the female from the inside. There are many cases when a person became a victim of larvae.

Females lay 100 to 200 larvae. In the wounds, they develop for 3-5 days, then leave the animals, burrow into the ground to a depth of 15 cm and pupate. After 15-18 days, a fly emerges from the pupa, and after 10-15 days, the females become sexually mature.

Bloodsuckers. On horses and dogs, you can see large insects that move quickly through the body, bite animals and suck their blood. Sheep in wool can also

Many of you have seen a moose bloodsucker. It is erroneously called - moose louse. At the end of summer (August and September) there are especially many of them in the forest. These bloodsuckers have one feature. A winged insect hatches from the chrysalis, which flies in search of a host - a feeder. As soon as the bloodsucker attacks the elk, its wings break off and it becomes wingless.

So, we have considered the majority of representatives of zoophilic and synanthropic flies, and what is their danger to animals and humans.

Let's move on to the second question.

It is known that flies are carriers of many pathogens of infectious and parasitic diseases. It is estimated that the number of microbes on the surface of the body of flies reaches 6 million, and in their intestines 28 million. Most pathogens are able to retain their pathogenic properties in the body of flies for more than 5 months. It has been experimentally proven that the housefly can carry the anthrax microbe.

Bacilli of typhoid and paratyphoid, dysenteric bacillus, cholera vibrio, tubercle bacillus, diphtheria causative agent were found in flies.

Flies can be active carriers of germs that cause or exacerbate mastitis in cows. Licking flies are the most dangerous.

The role of zhigalok in the transmission of tularemia, swine erysipelas is known.

Why can flies carry such a large number of microbes? The ability of flies to carry infectious agents is largely determined by the fact that almost all microbes and viruses retain their pathogenicity while on the body of a fly for a long time.

Flies are capable of spreading protozoa, fungal spores, and mites.

Stinger flies are one of the main carriers of Su-aura, and the autumn Stinger is capable of transmitting 6 species of trypanos and 3 species of spirochetes.

Flies can mechanically transfer eggs and larvae of helminths. It has been established that roundworm eggs on the surface and in the intestines of houseflies remain viable for up to 2 days. In this regard, gray and blue carrion flies are especially dangerous.

It has been found that when feeding on trichinosis meat, flies will ingest trichinella larvae, and when these flies are ingested, trichinosis develops in animals, i.e. flies serve as reservoir hosts for Trichinella larvae.

Flies can spread taeniid eggs, including echinococcus.

Flies are of great danger as intermediate hosts of calves (cow flies).

The horse stallion is an intermediate host of the parafilaria nematode, the autumn stallion and the housefly are intermediate hosts of horse drashes and habronemes.

To date, about 200 helminths have been identified whose developmental cycle is associated with flies or other insects.

Flies can carry pathogens over long distances, as they fly from breeding sites to a distance of up to 20 km.

The mass attack of flies greatly disturbs the animals, interfering with their rest and eating food. Animals suffer especially from the attack of blood-sucking flies, which not only bite animals painfully, but also cause significant blood loss. On one

A cow can feed up to 1000 individuals. Milk yields are reduced by 10 to 40%.

A huge mass of flies near animals and on farms negatively affects the productivity of livestock breeders and blows. workers.

With open and free access to wet concentrated food, flies often repeatedly lay many eggs in them. Subsequently, a huge number of larvae hatch from the eggs, which fill the food, eat it and make it unsuitable for feeding. Especially often carrion flies spoil protein feeds (meat, fish).

In addition to concentrates and protein foods, flies can also spoil plant foods. The most favorable environment for the development of fly larvae is silage, especially from sunflower and corn. Up to 85 larvae can be contained in 100 g of such silage.

Flies significantly reduce the sanitary quality of meat and dairy products, making them completely unsuitable for consumption. Most often this is due to the free access of flies to livestock products when they are stored improperly. Blue carrion flies lay their eggs on meat. At meat processing enterprises, in case of violation of the regime of cooling and storage of carcasses, losses can reach 10%.

The cheese fly, which lays eggs not only on cheese, butter, but also on ham and other products, spoils the products especially badly. The larvae of this fly are extremely resistant. They remain viable in dry salt and strong saline (brine), in gastric juice for up to 120 hours.

Being in cowsheds, flies prefer to feed mainly on milk, reducing its sanitary quality, since a lot of microbes get from the surface of the body of flies. Flies do not lose the opportunity to bathe in milk.

walk 10 cm long and up to 2.5 cm deep. Such wounds are filled entirely with a swarming mass of larvae. Cases are described when the larvae of the Wolfart fly completely destroyed the eyes and head covers.

Having considered briefly the pathogenic effect of flies on the organism of animals and humans, we turn to the consideration of the last issue - the fight against flies.

The fight against flies has an ancient history, although the term “disinfestation” itself was first used by N.R. Gamaleya in 1910. In the same year, Porchinskiy proposed a scheme for the destruction of the larvae of the autumn zhygalka and houseflies in manure and garbage.

The success of the fight against flies is based on the knowledge of their biology, the ability to prevent their mass reproduction using various methods.

The most rational and justified in practice are complex measures, including preventive and extermination measures.

In the fight against flies, preventive measures are decisive. Their goal is to create conditions by all available means under which flies are deprived of the opportunity to eat and breed. This group includes the following activities:

1. general sanitary

2. special veterinary.

General sanitary measures include: maintaining the cleanliness of the premises and territories of the farm with daily cleaning and removal of manure to storage facilities, maintaining sanitary order in settlements.

The implementation of sanitary measures is facilitated by the correct planning and placement of livestock buildings (in a high place, so that there is a good flow of slurry, concreting and closing the manure storage). Summer camps for animals are placed no closer than 5 km from the farm.

The work must be carried out throughout the calendar year. It is necessary to remove manure in a timely manner: with a mechanical manure removal system - daily, with a hydro-alloy - at least 1 time in 2 weeks. In addition, with the onset of the warm season, farms must be cleared of manure, subjecting it to mandatory biothermal treatment. Sometimes it is advisable to dry it, scattering it in a thin layer, followed by plowing. Walking areas are asphalted and cleaned every 3-5 days.

Particular attention should be paid to the sanitary condition of maternity rooms, milking parlors and feed kitchens. Do not allow the accumulation of food residues, as flies can lay eggs there.

On farms, sanitary days are mandatory, when dust and debris are removed, surfaces are whitewashed, cracks and potholes are repaired.

Extermination activities.

The volume of extermination measures and methods of their implementation depend on the sanitary condition of the farm, climatic conditions and the characteristics of the biology of flies that prevail in a given period of time in a particular area. These measures include the treatment of breeding sites for flies, the destruction of larvae and adults.

Flies breeding sites are treated with insecticide emulsions:

Karbofos-0.2%

Cyodrin - 0.2%

Creolin -10%, and also use microbial preparations:

Bitoxibacillin

Turigin consumption is 1-5 liters per 1 cubic meter.

Bleach is sprinkled on the breeding grounds of flies at the rate of 1 kg per 1 sq.m.

In May, September and October, treatments are carried out 1p in 2 weeks, and in the summer after 5-7 days.

Extermination of the imago.

For wet disinsection of premises, the following are used:

Chlorophos -1% with soda ash-0.5%

Karbofos -0.5%

Neocidol-0.5%

Permethrin - 0.05%

Cypermethrin - 0.05%

The consumption rate of these funds is 50-200 ml per 1 sq. m.

For disinfection of premises in the presence of animals, aerosols obtained as a result of a chemical reaction are used. To do this, take equal amounts of KOH, chlorophos and water, at the rate of 1 kg per 1000 cubic meters. meters. The exposure is 30 minutes. The preparations are applied using autodeinstallations.

When fighting flies, one should always remember that extermination measures only supplement and strengthen sanitary and preventive ones.

In addition to sticky tapes, insecticidal solutions can be prepared, which are placed in various containers. Such baths are called "puddles of death." An example of such a solution: 1% of any insecticide is added to sweet syrup, or 1% of insecticide is added to kvass.

You can prepare dry mixes, for example, sugar is mixed with an insecticide.

As with other insects, various chemical insecticides are used against flies.

The most common are preparations from the group of FOS, pyrethroids and carbamates.

FOS: chlorophos, trichlormetafos, karbofos, cyodrin, neocidol,

Dursban, dichlorvos. Preparations are used in concentration

from 0.5 to 3%.

pyrethroids: stomozan, neostomozan, ectamine, cymbush, ambush,

Byticol, hinmix. The preparations are used in concentrations from 0.025 to 0.075%.

Carbamates: Sevin is used at a concentration of 0.5 to 1%.

All of these drugs are used in different forms:

water and oil solutions, suspensions, emulsions, powders.

Aerosols are widely used, such as,

Wolfazol

dichlorvos

Akrodex

Preparations can be applied to environmental objects, i.e. carry out disinfestation using special automatic de-installations such as LSD, AG-16 aerosol generators, etc.

The treatment of the skin of animals is done using a veterinary disinfection machine (VDM), a collapsible spray boom (SHRR), a prefabricated automatic sprayer (OSA-1), etc.

To protect animals, ear tags and collars impregnated with insecticides are used.

In milk receivers, feed shops, where spraying is undesirable, poisoned baits are used, consisting, for example: they take molasses or meat or fish waste and add 0.5% chlorophos and 0.5% ammonium carbonate to them. Baits are placed in places of accumulation of insects. Update baits every 10-15 days.

Pheromone baits containing tricosene are also used.

In order to achieve the maximum effect of the drugs, the following conditions must be observed:

1. Before choosing an insecticide, it is necessary to determine the species composition of flies, the degree of their distribution in a given area.

2.Based on the characteristics of the biology of the predominant species of flies, determine the timing of treatments for animals and environmental objects.

3. Use drugs strictly according to the instructions.

4. To avoid the emergence of drug resistance in insects, drugs from different chemical groups should be alternated.

Promising ways to deal with flies include the following:

In 1975, Canadian scientists proposed the use of an artificial analogue of the housefly sex attractant (cis-9-tricosene). When it is sprayed in negligible amounts in the air, male flies become excessively excited and lose their ability to fertilize. In this way, in 2 months, a decrease in the population was achieved, and in some regions, their complete absence.

Entomologists are of great interest in the use of chemical preparations for the sexual sterilization of insects. Additives and baits of 10% aqueous solutions of thiophosfamide and dipin were tested with a positive result. The potency of males does not decrease, but the larva does not develop from eggs. Experiments were carried out on carrion flies and autumn stingers.

In conclusion, I would like to say that it will never be possible to completely get rid of flies, and this should not be achieved. Our task is to reduce the number of flies within reasonable limits so as not to disturb the ecological situation.

Flies are among the common insects almost all over the world; there are a great many of their species. These unpleasant creatures often become a real problem, settling in dwellings in the warm season. Consider what flies eat in nature and in human habitation, what foods are their favorite.

Classification

Annoying insects can live both in nature, independently obtaining food for themselves, and settle closer to human habitation and use those products that people forget to remove or throw away. Consider what flies eat, and what groups are divided into science depending on the organization of nutrition. The information is presented in the table.

Fly classification

Group

a brief description of

Examples

Hematophagous

Adults are blood-sucking, they also consume ichor, sweat. The larvae feed on excrement.

Bazarnaya

autumn zhigalka

coprophages

Food is food waste and excrement of people and animals. In nature, they can use plant juices

Polyphages

Omnivorous: they feed on waste, food, and excrement

room

Most often, house and house flies can be found in houses and apartments, but autumn stingers and some other species often fly in.

house fly

These insects are omnivores, so feeding is not a problem for them. How do these insects feed?

  • Taste buds are located on the paws, thanks to which the fly tastes the selected food.
  • They suck up food with the help of a special forked proboscis tongue, which simultaneously softens it.
  • The food then enters the digestive system.
  • Due to the lack of teeth, they prefer liquid food.

What do house flies eat? Their favorite treats include:

  • Sweet tea.
  • Juices and lemonades.
  • Fruit juices.
  • Jam, jam.

Often, these insects are also interested in solid food, but it needs abundant moisture with saliva, so most often the fly will opt for a sweet liquid. However, if necessary, insects will feed on fresh or decaying fruits and vegetables.

Housefly

What does a housefly eat as a larva? During this period, sewage is food for her. For development, the larvae need protein, so they prefer to feed on decaying meat or fish.

Adult insects can sometimes find their food by smell or see something tasty with their complex eyes, but more often they accidentally discover food. So, crawling on the surface of the table, the Diptera can "stumble" on a drop of cooking, which will become food. Unlike bees, a well-fed fly will not call on relatives, preferring to feed alone.

meat flies

As the name implies, these insects prefer meat food, so the basis of their diet is carrion and the flesh of dead animals, lard. Also, these types of flies, both larvae and adults, can eat other foods:

  • Rotting vegetables and fruits.
  • Larvae of beetles and grasshoppers.

Such insects are carriers of dangerous diseases, but they help speed up the decomposition of carrion.

Autumn zhigalki

These insects are not picky, so their food is varied. What do these flies eat?

Most often, they can bite through the skin with the blood of animals or people thanks to special chitinous teeth. Being carriers of serious diseases, such insects can create many problems for people, because through their bites you can become infected with an ulcer, trypanosomes.

Other types of Diptera

What the fly eats, its favorite treats, depends on the specific species. For example:

  • Drosophila feed on rotten fruits, while laying eggs in them.
  • Fruits are found in those apartments where sour foods are found. These are small midges that multiply very quickly. They can also start up in baskets where onions, carrots, and other vegetables are stored.
  • Carrion eats decaying food.

Thus, the question of what the fly eats cannot be answered unambiguously, it all depends on the specific species.

Some interesting facts

Among these insects there are many species with unusual food preferences. Consider what flies eat in natural conditions:

  • There is a special species, cheese flies, that can breed and feed inside a cheese head. They are called pyophylides.
  • A striped yellow-black syrphid, or hoverfly, diptera, similar in appearance to a wasp, eats flower nectar.
  • The larvae of hoverfly flies are distinguished by an enviable appetite: during their development to an adult, each of them eats more than 2 thousand aphids.
  • The dangerous tsetse fly prefers the blood of wild animals, cattle, and humans as food. The bite of this African inhabitant can cause incurable diseases of the nervous system and immunity.

There are real predators among the flies, for example, ktyrs, owners of a sharp poisonous sting. They feed on mosquitoes, midges, even bees and flies. Interestingly, some types of flies are cultivated by fishing enthusiasts. So, the blue spring fly is specially bred on bird droppings, pig manure, rotting organic remains serve as food for it, insects are also fed with sugar and powdered milk.

Life span

We examined what the Drosophila fly and some other species of these Diptera eat. We will find out how long they live and whether they can live without food.

The average lifespan of Drosophila under favorable conditions is short, only 10-20 days. However, if the temperature is up to +18 ° C, and there is a lot of food, pests can live for more than 2.5 months. Diptera almost never remain without food, since they find food everywhere both in human dwellings and in nature. If necessary, they can eat food in garbage dumps and landfills. In winter, the insect falls into suspended animation and can do without food until the first warm days. It should be remembered that newly awakened flies are very lethargic and it will not be difficult to kill them.

Diptera have a lot of natural enemies in the forests (birds, frogs, spiders), so they rarely live more than 10 days.

We examined what flies eat, made sure that these creatures are able to survive almost everywhere, because they are not picky about food.