Hare Tola, Talai, Tulay or Sandstone (from Latin Lepus Tolai) [Kingdom of Animals\u003e Type of Horde\u003e Mammallizing Class\u003e Infrared Placentant\u003e Title-shaped detachment] - mammal, representative of the Zaitsev family.

This species in Central Asia lives (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan), in desert, semi-desert or mountainous areas. Also, this type of hares can be found in Southern Siberia, Transbaikalia, Mongolia and some regions of China. In Russia, Tolai hares live only in Buryatia, Altai, Chui steppe and the Astrakhan region.

Externally, these hares are not very large, especially compared to the Rusakov. Body length reaches from 39 to 55 cm; Mass can reach 1.5-2.5 kg. At the same time, the ears and the tail are longer than the Rusak: the length of the ears is 8.3-11.9 cm, the tail lengths - 7.5-11.6 cm. The paws are quite narrow, therefore they are not adapted to moving in deep snow. The coloring also has a lot of similar from the color of Rusakov, but the hare is more so monophonic. Summer gray fur with ohloid nozzle. Fur on the head, ears and tail always remains dark, and on the stomach and throat - white.

Like all other types of hares, Zayats-Tolay lines twice a year: in spring and autumn. The migrant period can vary significantly from year to year due to weather conditions and habitats. But if we speak in general, but the spring molting lasts from the end of February and before the beginning of June, and the winter - from September to December.

Representatives of this type of hares are inhabited, mainly on plain localities - deserts and semi-deserts. But in Central Asia, they can be found in quite high mountains - 3000 m above sea level. To constant habitat, Tolai choose the plains on which there is a small number of trees or shrubs that serve as shelter. The most favorable places for the life of Tolaev are places located near the lifting. Zayats-Tolay leads a settling lifestyle and practically does not make migrations, the only cases in which it can migrate is a lack of feed or a sharp deterioration of weather conditions. For example, in the winter they are quite close to settlements or if these are mountainous inhabitants, they descend from the mountains for the winter. These hares live singly, although sometimes they can collect in fairly large groups - up to 30 individuals, the territory of which will be enough for the life of one individual is just two hectares.

Tolas feeds mainly at night, in the same places. Unlike other types of Zaitsev, Tolay himself very rarely dig holes, although even if it is digging, then very shameful - up to 50 cm. More often they find refuge in abandoned nonorah other animals - foxes, surs, gophers or turtles. The diet Zaita-Toliya also has a lot in common with the diet of Rusak. They prefer herbaceous plants, seeds, roots and bulbs of various plants.
Also, Tolai can feed with cereals and cultural plants: corn, wheat and barley. In winter, the most part of the diet is solid feed, such as the bark and shoots of trees and shrubs. Due to the fact that at the place of habitat, the fat snow cover is completely shallow, it does not stop looking for the rest of the plants under the snow.

Tolai multiplies a little less than the other types of hares - only 1-2 times a year, although sometimes it happens 4 times a year. Bunny on average brings from 1 to 9 will be engaged. Mass will be engaged in the fatal at birth reaches 85-110 g, they are also vigorous and covered with thick fur. First, they feed on Mother's milk, and after a few weeks, they absolutely feed on herbaceous plants. Sexual maturity is raised at 6-8 months.

To date, the hares of this subspecies are distributed in Asia quite widely and the reasons for reducing the population are not observed.

Appearance

Neuruple hare, in appearance resembling a small rusak: body length 39-55 cm, weight 1.5-2.8 kg. Ears and legs are long, more relative size is even longer than Rusak. The length of a wedge-shaped tail is 7.5-11.6 cm, the ear length is 8.3-11.9 cm. The feet of the hind legs are quite narrow, this hare is not adapted to move in deep snow. Fur painting, in general, resembles a color of a light rusta, but the fur does not have a characteristic waviness. Summer fur gray with brownie or oath noise; The alternation of dark and light-pitched hair creates a pronounced fine hatch. Dark head, throat and white stomach; Top Top Dark, with a brush of rigid white hair at the end. Ears have dark tips. Winter fur is a little lighter summer, with severe pendins. Lines tool in spring and autumn. Spring molting begins in February-March and continues until May - June; Autumn in different parts of the range lasts from September to December. Because of the significant scattering of the habitat, the line timing can be strongly stretched. In karyotype 48 chromosomes.

Spread

It dwells in deserts, semi-deserts and mountains of Central Asia (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan), Kazakhstan, Southern Siberia and Transbaikalia, Mongolia and Northeast China. The northern border of the range passes by about 48 ° C. sh. On the territory of Russia, the area consists of several isolated plots in the dry steppes and mountains of Southern Siberia from Altai, Chui steppe, the south of Buryatia and the Chita region to the basin of the Upper Amur. In addition, occasionally meets in Northeast Caspiani, in the south of the Astrakhan region.

Lifestyle

The most typical habitats are deserts and semi-deserts. Sens like plains and in the mountains, where up to 3000 m above the UR. m. (Central Tien Shan, Pamir). Prefers protected places with shrub and high herbal vegetation, including bugish sands with Saksaoul's thickets, sandy acacia and Tamaris, interbugural beams, valleys of rivers and lakes, tugai forests. Meets on irrigated lands. In the mountains, keeps the valleys of rivers, in the Nagornaya steppes, by forest edges. In the mountain forest belt, the most favorable conditions for it are in Archev and Orekhovo-fruit forests. It takes to reservoirs, although a long time can do without water. In the clay desert, on salt marshes and fruitless tactics of rare. On the territory of Russia, Zayats-Tolay is found in dry steppes, shrub (Karagan, Chii), with rocks or rocks of stones. Very characteristic of the valleys of rivers and lakes, Kotlovin, where it keeps on the outskirts of shrub thickets. Seats inhabit the edges of dry larch forests. In Altai and in Sayanov rises in the mountains to the golts belt, where it also keeps close to the currency scales.

Tolai leads a settling lifestyle, making only short nomads associated with searching for feed, reproduction, press of predators or adverse weather conditions. For example, snow winters, he moves into place with shallow snow cover, closer to settlements. After establishing a deep snow cover in the mountains of Tola and move down the slopes or make daily convements in the valleys, where they feed on the snow free from snow. In favorable conditions, Tolai constantly lives on the same site, within which there are several layers and feed (fat) sections. The area of \u200b\u200bthe individual area is about 2 hectares. Single; Temporary groups up to 30 individuals forms only during Gon and sometimes in the winter period in comfortable habitats. Active primarily at dusk and at night, but during the periods of Gon and the resettlement of young people also in the bright time of the day. Sometimes it can be fed to cloudy weather, especially in highland areas where it is less worried. Heldings suits in pits 5-15 cm (less often up to 60), dumped under the cover of bushes and stones; They are similar to the keenship of Rusak, but slightly smaller in size. Sometimes resting in abandoned Norah Surkov, Suslikov, Lisiza, Turtles. Young animals are often hiding in the Norah rodents. Tolas himself, as a rule, does not dig, exceptions are found in the sandy deserts, where it digs the shallow holes about 50 cm long. The siblings are sometimes located at a considerable distance from the layout and, walking on a fat, the hares sometimes natapotuate well-visible trails. Returning to the laying, Tolai, like all the hares, confuses the traces.

Food

By the nature of the nutrition of Tolai look like a hare-beyak. The main feeds to him serve green parts of plants, as well as roots and bulbs. Spring is powered by roots and tubers of grassy plants and young grass; In the deserts - juicy vegetative parts of ephemers. In the summer feeds with a variety of herbaceous plants, preferring cereals and sump, less often eats wormwood. In the late summer and autumn, the seeds begin to play a prominent role in nutrition; Eats on the fields corn, barley and wheat. By winter, goes to young shoots and bark of various trees and shrubs. Tamarisk, Chingil, whose branches at high numbers of Tolaev are eagerly eagerly eager for large numbers. Less willingly eats Saksaul and Sand Acacia branches. In places where snow covers are low, Tolai continues to eat grassy plants, digging them from under the snow.

Reproduction

Young hare-toli

Gon flows in different parts of the range at different times: in the deserts, valleys and foothills - in January - February and continues until July, in the mountain and high-mountainous areas - from March to August. During Gon, 3-5 males run, between which there are fights, often accompanied by a shrill cry. On the territory of Russia, in the north of the range, Tolai multiply 1-2 times a year. The first Gon is held here at the end of February - March. Bare is born in 45-50 days, in April - early May, after which the second Gon is starting immediately. In Central Asia, the amount of mesh reaches 4 per year, and reproduction ends in September. The amount will be engaged in litter 1-9, in Russia, usually 4-6; As in other hares, the bulk of the brood depends on the weather conditions, habitat, the age of females, etc., at the first time there is more often 1-2 bunny, in the second and third - 3-5. Bare is born in a fossa or in a shallow hole; Often, the sores of Surkov occupy the holes of the females. Newborn (weighing 85-110 g) Pious, covered with thick wool of a dark stripe on the back. The growth and development of the cubs Tolnaya is similar to the development of cubbing hares - Rusakov. Tolnaya's hawk are rapidly become the next year, at the age of 6-8 months.

Number and value for man

Tola is a hunting-fishing view. Previously, it was mined not only for meat, but also for the sake of fur, which was mainly used in the fetal industry. In a number of seats, it hurts sowing bread cereals and mesh cultures, sand-crept landings. In Transbaikalia is under guard.

Notes

Links

  • Mammals of the fauna of Russia and adjacent territories: Kapsky hare

Categories:

  • Animals by alphabetics
  • Views out of danger
  • Hares
  • Animals described in 1778
  • Invasive species of animals
  • Mammals of Asia

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For lovers of hunting hare-tall, or sandstone, a decent trophy. In Uzbekistan, it is common on all attached sands. In the regional plan, it is the territory of Kizilm from the drying of Aral to the coast of Aydarkul, as well as the expanses of Western regions of Kashkadarya and Bukhara Vilotes. The number of animals in these areas is low: 0.5-1.0, less often 2.0-2.5 copies per square kilometer.

In the conditions of almost year-round moisture deficit, Tolai prefers to hold on at least with a minimum number of plants.

Minor slides and hollows, paintings of tactics, small valleys between the fights in the clay-sand steppe - here's a favorite paradise of a hare in anhydrous districts.

In other areas, he mastered other biotopes.

In the floodplain part of the Tolai rivers live on dry areas, often on dotted pebbles with small bushes of Loch, Tamariks and sea buckthorn.

Where the river left or where water only happens in the winter-spring period, Tolay lives on sandy or pebble sediments with preserved cane curtains, sources, kendyr, and airstrike ...

It comes across on the eyes and in areas with a small number of people, next to the villages on the cast lands, by rare thickets of Diharos along the canals, Arykov, collectors.

Garden areas are rarely used by the hare. Preference is given to young plantings under the age of 5-7 years. Old landings are coherent in the event that they are cut and have an addition in the form of bushes or roasting rigs.

The favorable habitat of Tolay finds in the foothill areas of the republic. Despite the strong food competition with numerous herds of sheep and goats, he manages to survive both on the gear ray lands and at the Adyar Square, which has a significant slication of ravines and soybeans.

Natural entities named after the latter are interesting as the habitat of many animals, ranging from insects and ending with mammals.

These canyons, most of the year dry, quite wide and extended, with sand-clay or rubbed-sandy lie, as a rule, have a herbaceous and shrub vegetation in the form of a single or growing group of amber, wormwood, harmala, capers, a bush brush, and -Where and Tamariks, almond, cane, Selitryanok.

Currently, there are no accurate data on the density of Tolta in various natural zones of the Samarkand region.

But the surveys of hunters make it possible to talk about lands adjacent to the mountains as typical of the habitat of this animal.

In the seventies of the last century, on a ten-faculter route for the foothills of the Zeravshan Range in the autumn-winter period, it was possible to raise from 5 to 10 cases of the hare.

At the same years, taking part in accounting Tolta in the territories of hunting farms, the author noted the stable number of hares in the steppe areas adjacent to the Aidarkul coast (2.5-3.0 individuals per square kilometer), and planting pistachios on the shores of the catcurgan reservoir (3.0-3.5 individuals per square kilometer) in the autumn period.

It dwells the long rodent and in the mountains. In a number of Central Asia regions, it is found to a mark of 4000 meters above sea level.

Within the limits of the Samarkand region, it does not rise above 1500-1800 meters, which is due to the physico-geographical features of the terrain. In the Nuratina, Turkestan and Zeravshan mountain ridges, as a rule, are represented by stony ridges and rocks that do not meet the biology of the species.

The stations are tall here - a gentle slope where the greatest bias can be 40 °.

They meet the demands of rodent and sections without significant cluster of stones, but necessarily with rare shrub vegetation.

In whatever natural zone, the hare did not dwell, its vital activity is tied to shrub-wood communities.

That is why in the Central Asian mountain landscapes of Tlai is the most numerous in the juniper palpal, where there may be a number of up to 5.5 individuals per square kilometer.

Herbal vegetation occupies a hare in nutrition is not the main place, its share is increasing, it decreases at different times of the year.

The maximum consumption of soft feed falls on spring-summer time. From the vegetation manifold of Tlai willingly eats the sprouts of cereal, moored, cruciferous.

Where the choice of herbaceous plants is limited by natural factors or blewing, the animal is satisfied with the sprigs of thermopsychies, wormwood, saltwall.

The main food specialization of the hare is based on nutrition with wood and shrub breeds. At all times of the year, this is the bark and small shoots of Saxaulov, almonds, bubbles, Alyci, hawthorn, juniper, etc.

Widely Tolai eats the roasting shoots of IV and Topolev, which, with adverse abiotic factors or under the influence of a person, form a plant in the form of a bush.

In the locations of the exit of a tract in the foothills, the hare is kept in rare thickets of Tamariks-Grebenchuk, which also uses in food.

In the mountainous areas of the stage of feeding and life, Tolta are always located near or overlap each other.

To a lesser extent, this refers to the valleal territories. The weather factors have a significant impact on the choice of lying. Life under the dictation of meteo conditions in the rodent begins with December and continues until March.

The sediments in Uzbekistan come with Western winds, bringing from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean rain, snow.

The movement of large air masses covers extensive territories and continues from several days to week. A longer exposure to the atmospheric front on the region is extremely rare.

The maximum precipitation occurs in mountainous areas. After a rainfall or snowfall, the time of stabilization occurs when sunny weather is installed.

Then the local formation of meteorological conditions begins. Neighborhood of extensive steppes, deserts and mountain systems creates a pronounced daily shift of the winds.

In the pool of the Zeravshan River, this is manifested in the following. In the morning hours of the night current from the east, from the mountains, after some calm is replaced by a steady day, from the West.

Ascending air flows with plains weakening in the evening clock and closer to midnight replaced by descending from the mountains. With clear weather, snow in the valleys does not lie for a long time. Other matter of the mountain.

If the steppe residentials of the fatty are exempted from the snow cover for two to four days, then the melted melting is stretched for weeks.

The first to be exempt from the snow against the foothill, and then even a minor increase in daytime temperatures in the valley causes everyday displacement of the snow line above and above to the vertices.

The movement of snow cover vertically forces the lots of periodically changing the spices of feeds and a day. Constantly adhering to the habitat, the hare in the winter-spring time prefers the south-western, southern and southeastern slopes of the yocks and saubs, that is, those sites where the snow disappears rather.

Miscellaneously rodent falls on the day in the places of aging of almonds. As a rule, the bush does not exceed the height of one meter, although barbed instances come across a height of up to two meters.

Almonds with success grows both on sandy and clay and on stony soils. For fatty it is valuable not only as a feed object, but also as a plant, providing protection and shelter at any time of the year.

It is satisfied with the bunny and near the stones, in niches, prominations and deepening caused by wind and aquatic erosion.

In the steppe, the animal uses for the shelter of the pits next to the bushes of the anchor, the adhesiveness, or the weathered side of compactly growing astragals, Solyanok, as well as the cluster of hollow thickets.

At the Bogar Lands, mastered by man, Tolai suits the lying on the smelting, in the outskirts of the fields, behind the major dumps of the Earth.

He threshers in the upper reaches of small ravines, often under the edge of the creaked edge or in a hollow, crumpled kapelov and amber bushes.

Methods of hunting for fatty

Hunting for animal from shelter is almost no applied. In the Samarkand region, this method of mining is hardly a dozen hunters.

The ambush is arranged next to the bridges, where Tolai tend to move from one coast of the collector or channel to another.

Excellent hunting in the evening hours, before the onset of dense twilight, and at night in a full-beard week.

This way hunt both black and white trail, but more often before the snow falls.

The chain of the contamizers from three to six and more people directs raised animals on the line of arrows, the number of which can be from one to three or four.

It is practiced in those areas where the hare is enough and where rodents adhere to certain stations.

An example of such a hunting can serve a hitch in planting pistachio along the shores of the catcurgan reservoir.

The green necklace of the artificial reservoir length of about 20 kilometers with a width of 50 to 100 meters - the favorite place of the day is Tolnaya.

Having placed the shooters on the site where open places are under control, the signboards go on the aisles of wood plantings, raising the attached animal.

Similar arrows make both squares with shrubs, cane, rogoz on the Aidarkul coast.

The scheme of hunting is as follows. It is selected by a large Peninsula with an area of \u200b\u200bthree - five hectares, at which most likely can be on the day of the hare.

The signboards, trying not to make noise, enter the peninsula to the trail, to the extreme land of the sushi, where it is organized in the chain.

The arrows are located on the Peninsula adjoining area to the mainland.

In the conditions of a large stencil of the coastline, it is not difficult to spend several corners in the daytime.

Often raise and shoot a hare in the mountains along the way - with a group hunt for a stone partridge with a route method. It is in this way that half of the animals shot after the season are mined here. Dogs at the hunt for a hare in the republic are not used.

The oldest hunt for sandstone hare using greyhound dogs, having a place in the steppe and desert areas, went into the past, as well as hunting with animal birds.

From the conversations with the hunters, I learned that about 50% of the animals taken over the season (and in the Samarkand region it is 200-300 goals) - the result of a random meeting with them in landmarks.

In the republic a lot of experienced hare hunting lovers. Even in the period of the complete absence of snow, these lifestyle connoisseurs are capable of raising and take two animals in decent land and take two animals on the daily rate of shooting.

In Russia, under the conditions of the black trail, this is a way of shooting a hare of a hare by advancely detection of it on a lying. In Uzbekistan, a similar hunt is carried out before snow falling, as well as in the snow in favorite habitats Tolnaya.

The color of the rodent skin does not have a determining value, and success accompanies the hunters that can rather identify the place of his day as much as possible.

The hunt for Chernotrotropo begins from October and in other misunderstanding winters continues until January.

But, of course, every self-respecting lover to drive the hares with impatience and hopefully waiting for poroshi.

When it appears, hunting from the approach is closed with the art of a tropping, when the day of the animal found in the footsteps after feeding, flow on her lying through the eyes, which happens rarely. On the snow, the host all night, the hare leaves a short trail, very valued by hunters.

Tolai long trail does if daylight ended in the evening or half a night. In this case, the traces of the animals of the animals and moves to the sides are so confused that the signs of the tropping are bred by their hands.

Typically, difficulties in unraveling traces appear when snow cover after the snowfall lies unequally on the habit of habit (the so-called motley trail) or on sites with a partial one of snow.

Unlike the Northern Soriodii - Rusak and Belyaka, Tolai, replacing summer clothes on the winter, does not ensure safety on the snow

A grayish yellow summer, with a brown strip on the back, in the winter the animal is dressed in a skirt of light gray tones, he has a white belly and a brown-gray strip on his back.

It is clear that in winter for disguise on the bed, the hare is trying to choose the fatal surfaces.

Strong from the day of Tolai, like his long-spirited relatives, a little looked around the surroundings, returns to the rest area.

The distance and the route of this stroke of the animal can be different. This is influenced by the relief of the habitat, the fright animal, its physiological state, as well as the weather factor.

The results of the tracking above when two hunters participate in them. So far, one raises the lace of hare traces, another, ready for a shot, controls long-range areas on both sides of the trace.

In a cautious hare, the lift from the bed occurs more often when the distance to the persecution of it is from 20 to 35 meters.

But curiosities occur when the rodent lies "to the last", watching the approaching hunters, and jumps out of the shelter literally five meters from them.

In a white trail, it is possible to hunt when one shooter remains at a suitable place in an abandoned day, and the second, performing the role of the hound, slowly pursues raised Tolta.

After watching the partner and determining where the hare went, the arrows select the place of ambushes from stones, bushes, the tree or in the arms and is patiently waiting.

The process from the beginning of the pursuit to the final shot takes from thirty minutes to one and a half hours and depends on the terrain, the thickness of the snow cover, the physical condition of the raised animal.

This method of hunting is more efficient in the foothill and mountainous habit of hare, since in such places the snow is preserved longer, and the sections where the animal is constantly located, is small in the area.

Success accompanies experienced in unraveling traces hunters knowledgeable.

In addition, the penalty must have good health, since the white trail and complex relief involve increased load on the human body.

Winter equipment of the hunter on Tolnaya is a sleeveless or jacket, suitable on a light sweater, woolen pants and short rubber boots, which can be replaced by Kizz or Army boots.

Some hunters use a white robe with a hood, which, of course, facilitates the approach to the flexible lying on an acceptable distance for the shot.

Fur hats for running hunting are not suitable. As a headdress, knitted woolen tight hats of non-labor tones are used everywhere.

Weapons and gear

For firing, rifles use rifles with different characteristics of combat. But it is preferable to bunching trunks.

The appearance of the goal at the distance further than twenty meters does not leave time on the meditation, so for the right shots, the right barrel is used under the cartridge with a fraction number 4, the left - under the cartridge with the fraction number 3. A good result gives the use of fractions No. 5 and No. 4 in containers.

When driving a hunt for fatty, many cartridges do not take. On the day there is enough six - eight pieces. Especially hard to wear full patrontas in the mountains.

So that at the time of the shot did not happen, and also to eliminate poor-quality battle, brass sleeves of old equipment, or with a broken ok, under the "Centroba" try not to use.

Experienced Thai shooting hunters are preparing cartridges in folder or plastic sleeves with a cape "chewor".

For a year living during the year, Tolai for a short period of breeding is collected by groups of several heads on a relatively small area.

It can be both the righteous of shallow ravines in steppe areas and a rare, low-speed strip of trees and shrubs in the foothill zone or a gentle splashing with boulders on a watershed between the Says in the mountains.

Some of them are becoming the extraction of terrestrial and large feathered predators during the spring migration of the latter to the sites of the nesting.

Similar natural selection is observed in the autumn generation of long animals.

The essential pressure of Tlai is experiencing from poaching, especially using vehicles at night on the plain and foothill areas.

Reducing the size of the hare contributes from time to time arising epizootia among rodents.

The hunters of the Samarkand region are memorable in the outbreak of Tularemia in 1990-1992, which led to almost the complete disappearance of Tolnaya in the steppe and foothill areas of the Zeravshan Valley.

The recovery of the number of long rodents occurred only after five - six years.

In the experienced misstainers, extraction of 8-10 animals per season becomes the norm.

Hare Tolai, he is sandstone, looks like a small rusak. These hares are common in Central Asia, in Altai, in Kazakhstan, Transbaikalia, Chui Steppe, Chita, Ulan-Ude, Mongolia, China, Afghanistan, North-West India, Iran and Northeast Africa.

Description Zaita-Patty

Body length ranges from 39 to 55 centimeters, body weight is 1.5-2.5 kilograms. Long ears are rented forward so that they go beyond the nose.

The tail has a wedge-shaped form, like the Rusak, its length is 75-115 millimeters, the upper part of it is black. The feet of the hind limbs are narrow, so sandstones cannot move in deep snow.

The overall colors of the Buo-gray or oath-gray with small strokes. Large difference in seasonal coat of fur is not observed. Only hares, living in the northern parts of the range and in the mountains, in the winter are a little lighten, but they do not become white. Tolas living in Transbaikalia and Mongolia have larger sizes than hares from Central Asia, and the flowing of fur in winter they have brighter.

Tolnaya habitat

The habitats of these small hares are very diverse, but preference they give desert areas with high grass and shrubs. They are equally often living in sandy and clay deserts. Also found on the plains and in the mountains.


In Mountain locations, Tolai is kept through the valleys of rivers, and in the steppes they live near the edges of the forest. In Tian-Shan, they are at an altitude of up to 3 thousand meters, and on the Pamir rises even higher.

These hares are preferred to shave nearby water, although they can not drink at all for a long time. They try to avoid deep snow, so in the mountains fall into less snow-covered belts.

Sandstone diet

The nature of the nutrition of these hares is similar to the diet of Belyakov Zaitsev. In the summer, they eat various herbs, giving preference by the Osks and cereal cultures, and the wormwood they eat infrequently. In the fall, they go to the bark of trees and branches. With special zeal, they eat Chingil and Grebenchuk, so when Tolai multiply multiply, they can almost completely destroy them.


Sandstones prefer branches with a thickness of less than 1 centimeter, and from larger branches they remove the bark. The branches of sand acacia and Saksaul they eat not with such an appetite. In some places, the main winter food of Tolaev is wormwood.

In the spring, they can dig roots and tubers of plants, so you can often meet the pits made by hares.

Sandstones feed mainly at night, and they spend the days on sun beds. In the mountains, they feed in the daytime or twilight.

Lifestyle Tolaev

In Central Asia, these hares, as a rule, do not dig holes, they only do it in hot deserts. Nora, a depth of no more than 50 centimeters, serve them by protection from the heat. Young individuals are often hiding in any other animals. For example, in Central Asia, they use the holes of Surkov or Suslikov.


The period of breeding in Tolaev begins early - in January-February. One female pursues 3-5 males, while they arrange fights between themselves and shout shrill. When the hares are fighting, they are raised on the hind legs, and strikes are applied to the front limbs. Rivals often bite each other for the uplifts and ears.

Pregnant bunnies are very frightened, from the holes are far away during the feeding. When a person approaches them, they keep very quietly and literally jump out of her legs.

The number of litters in Central Asia can be 3 or 4, and in Central Asia, the female has time to make 2-3 litters. In the deserts, the first worshes are born in March, and in the mountainous areas much later - in May.


The period of reproduction ends in September. At once, the female gives rise to 9 tie. But if the childbirth happens for the first time, then there may be 1-2 kids, at the second birth, it is already 3-5.

The pregnancy period is approximately 45 days. Kids have vision and wool, their weight is 65-95 grams. Paul ripening in Tolaev occurs in 6-8 months.

Number of Zaitsev-Tolayev

The number of sandstones is extremely unstable. For example, during certain years in the desert near Lake Issyk-Kul, there are so many hares that several dozen individuals can be seen at the dawn. And in Central Asia in some years you can not meet any believer in a few days.


Close species

On Tibet, in Nepal and Kashmir in the mountainous areas, a Tibetan curly hare is common at an altitude of 3-5 thousand meters, which is a close relative Tolnaya. The name of this species is justified.


Total fur color of the curly hare is brown with a pink tint or oath pink with a large motley pattern. The bottom of the body is white. In different seasons, the color is practically not changed, only a significantly brightened area of \u200b\u200bthe sacrum. Curly hares live among stones and shrubs on stony slopes.

Also close species are some African hares, such as shrub, caps and redhead hare. These hares live in the southern regions of Africa among the thickets of shrubs and on forest edges. There are African types of hares from southern to the northern regions of Africa. In size, they are slightly less sandstones, their length ranges within 35-54 centimeters. They have rather long ears - up to 13 centimeters. The limbs are short with curly thick hairs.


In North America there are also several species are systematically similar to Tolnaya. They live in Texas, Mexico, Colorado, California, Washington, Oregon, Kansas, Nebraska and Arizona. This is California, black and brown, Mexican hare and others. The dimensions of these hares are slightly larger, in comparison with Tolaya. They have a brown-gray color, he does not change in different seasons. Ears are very broad, normal length.

Black-minded hares live in grassy plains, deserts and steppes, but they can also rise to hilly and mountainous areas to a height of 2000 meters. They run quickly, for example, California hare can run at a speed of about 40 kilometers per hour. But at the same time they do not migrate. The reproduction occurs over most of the year. There are 2-3 bunny in the sump, and a year can be 5 broods. In the northern part of the female range, there is less frequently, but the sizes will be engaged in the same larger.

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An unrigible hare, according to an appearance resembling a reduced rusta body length 39-55 cm, mass 1, 5-2, 5 kg. The flowing of fur is varied in animals living in different territories, but in general, he shall be distinguished by the color of the light rusta. But the thick fur does not have an appropriate tail for Rusak, the tail on top of the black ears and legs are long, relative to the sizes are even longer than the Rusak. The outer edge of the ear does not have a dark stem. In winter, painted somewhat lighter than in summer
On the terrain of the Russian Federation, Tolaya's area consists of several isolated areas, which occupy the dry steppes and mountains of the south of Siberia from Altai to the basin of the Upper Amur. In addition, it can be met in Northern Caspiani, in the south of the Astrakhan region.
Dispatching this hare in habitats is in a significant extent depends on the presence in their shelters. On the territory of the Russian Federation, Zayats-Tolay lives to a greater extent in dry steppes, usually in such places where shrub vegetation (Karagan, Chii) is represented, there are rocks of rocks or mosted pebbles. Very characteristic of the valleys of rivers and Kotlovin Lakes overgrown with a dense shrub, where he keeps in the main in the outskirts of the thickets. Mosts inhabit the edges of dry larch forests in the mountains in Altai and in the Sayan rises to the goltsy belt, here Tolai also keeps nearby currency scaldings, in the lakes and in the plains of rivers and streams.
In the appropriate criteria, Tolai consists inhaps on the same site, in the boundaries of which there are several layers and living areas. But with a deterioration in the criterion of feeding, for example, with heavy snowfalls, local movements can occur to places with shallow snow, to populated PT, etc.
Tolas are active to a greater extent at twilight and night, but in the period of Gon and in the bright time of the day. Also with a day, they can eat in cloud weather, especially in those areas where they are not disturbed. For a lying, it is usually digging a small hole or a shallow hole near Kusta, on the slope or under stone. Such lying are similar to the lysak, but little less in size. In the habitats of Surkov often resting in their abandoned badges, and from time to time and in earlier expanded Norah Suslikov. Facilities from time to time are located on a meaningful distance from shelters and in such cases, going for fat, the hares natapotuate perfectly noticeable trails threaded on the ly hot, Tolai, like other types of hares, confuses the traces. He raised from the bed, but does not give a circle, but runs in straight and reappears in a suitable shelter on the territory of the Russian Federation Power base, both in summer and in winter make up herbaceous plants, since snow cover in its habitat is usually not happening Highest. Often digs the roots, rhizomes and lows from under the ground. At the end of summer and in the fall, the seeds of the branks and the bark of shrubs and trees are played by seeds and trees only with the deficiencies of the main feed
Coolness occurs on the next year after birth. On the area of \u200b\u200bthe Russian Federation, the northern limits of their own propagation, Tolai is frozen 1-2 times a year 1st Gon is held in late February - March. Its deadlines are usually stretched due to the time-based entry into the reproduction of females of different ages. Run appear in 45-50 days, in April - early May, and in May, the 2nd Gon is observed in May. The amount will be engaged in litter 1-9, on the territory of the Russian Federation, usually 4-6. Like the other hares, the magnitude of the brood is depends on the weather criterion, the age of females, etc. It is raised to appear in a specially arranged bunch of shelter - a pit or a shallow hole with a litter of grass. Often, "nests" are arranged in the old Norah Surkov. Newborn Tlajes, their body is covered with wool, on his back a black strip growth and development of them takes place similar to the development of hares - Rusakov.
Usually, in the spring of Tolay lins from March to May, and in the fall from September to November. But due to the significant range of habitats at the height, the timing of molts can be very stretched. The flow sequence of fur as a whole is the same as the other hares.
Traces of Tolta look like traces of Rusak, but noticeably smaller in size, differing only in size, and their litter. When nutrition, underground plants leaves the corresponding heights.