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Sugar analysis is a necessary procedure for people who have diabetes mellitus, as well as for those who have a predisposition. For the second group, it is equally important to regularly carry out blood tests in adults and children in order to prevent the development of the disease. If in the blood of a person the content of glucose compounds is exceeded, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor. But in order to do this, you need to know what kind of sugar has a person.

Conducting research

With age, the effectiveness of insulin receptors is reduced. Therefore, people after 34 - 35 years old need to regularly monitor the daytime oscillations of sugar or at least carry out one measurement during the day. It also applies to children who have a predisposition to the first-type diabetes (over time, the child can "erase" it, but without sufficient control of the content of glucose in the blood from the finger, prevention, it can go into a chronic form). Representatives of these groups also need to do during the day at least one dimension (better on an empty stomach).

To change the easiest way from the finger on an empty stomach with a homemade glucometer. Glucose in the blood capillary has the greatest informativeness. If you need to measure with a gluchmetra, act as follows:

  1. Turn on the device;
  2. With the help of a needle, which they are now equipped almost always, pinched the skin on the finger;
  3. Apply a test strip;
  4. Insert the test strip into the device and wait for the result.

The numbers that appeared are the amount of blood sugar. Control by such a method is quite informative and sufficient to not miss the situation when the glucose readings are changing, and the norm in the blood in a healthy person can be exceeded.

The most informative indicators can be obtained from a child or adult, if measured on an empty stomach. There is no difference in how to donate blood on glucose compounds on an empty stomach. But in order to get more detailed information, it may be necessary to pass blood on sugar after meals and / or several times a day (morning, evening, after dinner). At the same time, if the rate increases slightly after eating, it is considered the norm.

Decoding results

Received readings when measuring the homemade glucometer, it is enough to simply decipher yourself. The indicator reflects the concentration in the sample of glucose compounds. Unit of mmol / liter measurement unit. At the same time, the level of level may vary slightly depending on which the glucometer is used. In the US and Europe, the units of measurement other, which is associated with a different calculus system. Such equipment, often complements the table, which helps to translate the blood sugar level in the patient in the Russian units of measurement.

Emptyling level is always lower than the level after meals. At the same time, on an empty stomach, the sample from veins sugar shows a little lower than an empty stomach from the finger (let's say the spread of 0, 1 - 0, 4 mmol per liter, but sometimes blood glucose may differ more and more significant).

Decryption from a doctor should be carried out when more complex tests are surrendered - for example, a glucose-bearing test of an empty stomach and after receiving a "glucose load". Not all patients know what it is. It helps track how dynamically changing the level of sugar after some time after receiving glucose. It takes a fence to be taken before taking the load. After that, the patient drinks 75 ml of load. After that, the content of glucose compounds should be increased in the blood. The first time the glucose is measured in half an hour. Then - an hour after eating, one and a half hours and two hours after eating. Based on this data, it is concluded about how sugar in the blood is being absorbed after meals, what content is permissible, what are the maximum levels of glucose and after what time after meals they appear.

Diabetic testimony

If a person has diabetes level changes sufficiently sharply. The permissible limit in this case is higher than in healthy people. Limit permissible readings before meals, after eating each patient is established individually, depending on its health status, the degree of compensation of the SD. For one, the limit level of sugar in the sample should not exceed 6 9, and for the other 7 - 8 mmol per liter is normal or even a good level of sugar after meals or on an empty stomach.

The content of glucose after meals in diabetics is raised faster, that is, sugar rises intensively than in a human body healthy. Therefore, the testimony of glucose in the blood after meals is also higher. What an indicator is considered normal, the doctor will make a conclusion. But to control the patient's condition of the patient often asked to measure sugar after each meal and on an empty stomach, and the results are recorded in a special diary.

Testimony in healthy people

Trying to control your level in women and men, patients often do not know how the norm in a healthy person should be before and after eating, in the evening or in the morning. In addition, the correlation of normal sugar is traced and the dynamics of its changes 1 hour after eating the patient's age. In the general case, the older man, the higher the permissible indicator. The numbers in the table clearly illustrate this correlation.

Permissible glucose content in the sample by age

Age, years On an empty stomach, mmol per liter (maximum normal level and minimum)
Infants Froze the glucometter is almost never carried out, since the blood sugar is unstable and has no diagnostic value
From 3 to 6 Sugar level should be entered within the limits of 3.3 - 5.4
From 6 to 10-11 Content standards 3.3 - 5.5
Adolescents up to 14 years Normal sugar indicators within 3.3 - 5.6
Adults 14 - 60 Ideally, an adult in the body of 4.1 - 5.9
Elderly from 60 to 90 years Ideally at this age 4.6 - 6.4
Old men older than 90 years Normal value from 4.2 to 6.7

With the slightest rejection of the level from these numbers in adults and children, you need to immediately consult a doctor who will say how to bring a sugar in the morning on an empty stomach and prescribes treatment. Additional research may also be appointed (on how to hand over the analysis to obtain an extended result will also be ignited by health workers and will be given a direction to it). In addition, it is important to take into account that the presence of chronic diseases also affects what sugar is considered normal. The conclusion of which the indicator should also determine the doctor.

-FOOTNOTE-

Separately, it should be remembered that the blood sugar is 40 - summer and older, as well as pregnant women can slightly fluctuate due to hormonal imbalance. However, at least with three measurements of four sugar should be within the limits of permissible.

Raising level after meals

Normal sugar after meals from diabetics and healthy people can be different. It differs not only how much he increases after eating, but also the dynamics of changes in content, the norm in this case is also different. The table below shows the data on what is the norm within some time after meals in a healthy person and diabetics according to WHO (data for adults). This figure is equally universal for women and men.

Norm after eating (for healthy people and diabetics)

Sugar limit on an empty stomach Contents 0.8 - 1.1 hours after meals, mmol per liter Blood indicators 2 hours after meals, mmol per liter Patient condition
5.5 - 5.7 mmol per liter (Sugar Natoskom) 8,9 7,8 Well
7.8 mmol per liter (increased adult rate) 9,0 – 12 7,9 – 11 Violation / lack of tolerance to glucose compounds is predominant (it is necessary to consult a doctor, for a glucose-bearing test, and pass the overall blood test)
7.8 mmol per liter and higher (such tests should not be in a healthy person) 12.1 and more 11.1 and above Diabetic

In children, often, the dynamics of the digestibility of carbohydrates are similar to the correction on the initially lower indicator. Since initially the testimony was lower, it means that the sugar will rise not as much as in an adult. If on an empty stomach sugar 3, then checking the testimony after 1 hour after meals will show 6.0 - 6.1, etc.

Sugar rate after eating in children

It is most difficult to talk about how the level of glucose in the blood is considered admissible in children. Normal in each case the doctor will call. This is due to the fact that more often than in adults, oscillations are observed, sugar rises and decreases during the day more sharply. Normal level after a different time after breakfast or after sweet can also be changed significantly depending on age. Indications during the first months of life is not at all unstable. At this age, sugar should be measured (including after meals after 2 hours or sugar after 1 hour) only according to the testimony of the doctor.

Substabiring

As can be seen from the tables above, the sugar rate during the day varies depending on food eating. Also during the day, muscular tension and psycho-emotional state are influenced (sports is recycled carbohydrates into energy, so sugar does not immediately increase, and emotional shocks can lead to his jumps). For this reason, the sugar rate after a certain period of time after consuming carbohydrates is not always objective. It is not suitable for tracking whether the sugar rate is supported in a healthy person.

When measured at night or in the morning, the norm is the most objective to breakfast. After eating it rises. For this reason, almost all analyzes of this type are prescribed on an empty stomach. Not all patients know how much ideally, a person should have glucose on an empty stomach and how to measure it correctly.

Take a sample immediately after the patient got out of bed. Do not clean your teeth or chew a chewing gum. Also avoid physical activity, as it can cause a decrease in blood indices in humans (why this is described above). Pass the sample on an empty stomach of your finger and compare the results with the table below.

Indications in a healthy man diabetics

The norm in women after eating the same as in men. Therefore, regardless of the floor, if the indicators are exceeded, it is necessary to refer to the doctor to appoint treatment. It must be remembered what such a state can threaten health.

Correct measurements

Even knowing how the indicator should be, it is possible to make an erroneous conclusion about its state, if it is incorrectly measured sugar on a glucometer (immediately after eating, exercise, for the night, etc.). Many patients are interested in, after how much after meals you can perform measurements of sugar? The testimony of glucose in the blood is always growing (then how much depends on the state of human health). Therefore, after eating sugar is non-informative. To control it is better to measure sugar before meals, in the morning.

But this is true only for healthy people. Diabetes often need to be traced, for example, whether the blood sugar is maintained in women after eating against the background of receiving saccharincing drugs or insulin. Then you need to do measurements after 1 hour and 2 hours after glucose (carbohydrate use).

It is also necessary to take into account where the sample is taken from, for example, an indicator 5 9 in the sample from the vein can be considered exceeded with prediabet, whereas in the sample from the finger, this indicator can be considered normal.

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Glucose is a compound from a group of sugars contained in the body of each person. It is necessary for nutrition of absolutely all cells and body tissues (it has a particular importance for the brain) and almost any carbohydrates that fall into the organism from food are converted into this substance.

Glucose, like blood glucose level in children in men and women is the most important and indispensable component of blood both human and animals. It is largely contained in many sweet fruits and vegetables, and especially it is in grapes.

Normal blood sugar content

In adults (at least women, at least men), the blood glucose level should always be held at one level and do not rise more than 5.5 mmol / liter. These numbers characterize the upper limit that is indicated by the norm, if a man or woman gives an analysis on glucose in the morning on an empty stomach.

That the result of the study was reliable, it is necessary to properly prepare for the procedure. The last meal before visiting the clinic should be no later than 8 - 14 hours, and you can drink any liquids.

The normal content of glucose in the blood should be in the range from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / liter if the blood is rented on an empty stomach, and the analyzed material is taken from the finger (capillary blood).

This is important because the results of the analysis of the plasma of capillaries and blood from the veins will differ. In the venous blood of men and women, glucose value is higher than in 12 percent capillary and is 6.1 mmol / liter.

There are no differences between the normal concentration of sugar in men and women (it should not exceed 5.5 mmol / liter), but depending on the age category of the person there are some criteria.

The blood glucose level is divided into the following groups depending on age:

  • Newborn children (from two days to four weeks) - 2.8-4.4 mmol / liter.
  • Children aged from one month to fourteen years - 3.3-5.6 mmol / liter.
  • Teens from fourteen years old and adult people up to 60 years - 4.1-5.9 mmol / liter.
  • People of retirement age from 60 years to 90 years - 4.6-6.4 mmol / liter.
  • Age category from 90 years - 4.2-6.7 mmol / liter.

There is such a situation where the concentration of sugar ranges from 5.5 to 6.0 mmol / liter. In this case, they are talking about the border (intermediate) state, which is called prediabet or, in a different way, violation of glucose tolerance.

You can also meet such a term as the violation of the glycemia on an empty stomach.

If the blood glucose level of men or women is equal to or exceeds a value of 6.0 mmol / liter, then the patient is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.

Depending on when a person has taken food, the amount of sugar in the blood of male or female people, non-diabetes, is:

  1. - in the morning on an empty stomach - 3.9-5.8 mmol / liter;
  2. - to lunch, as well as dinner - 3.9-6.1 mmol / liter;
  3. - after one hour after meals - not higher than 8.9 mmol / liter - this is the norm;
  4. - two hours after eating food - no higher than 6.7 mmol / liter;
  5. at night, between two to four hours, the norm is at least 3.9 mmol / liter.

Research on the definition of glucose

There are two ways to determine the concentration of sugar contained in the blood, and determine the norm or not:

  • On empty stomach.
  • After the body loads glucose.

The second method is called an oral glucose-beast test. The method of this analysis lies in the fact that the patient is given a solution consisting of 75 grams of glucose and 250 milliliters of water. After two hours, it gives blood to sugar and it turns out normal levels.

The most reliable results are really obtained only when these two studies spend one after another. That is, first measure the glucose concentration in the blood from the morning on an empty stomach, and in five minutes the patient drinks the above solution and then it once again defines the level on which sugar is located.

After that, you can relate the result and.

In cases where a man or woman is diagnosed with diabetes diabetes or have a positive tolerance test (stability) to glucose, the level on which sugar should be monitored regularly.

The same applies to children. It is necessary to do this, because it is possible to track the beginning of serious pathological changes in time in time, which may later bear the threat not only to health, but also a person's life.

How to measure the content of glucose in the blood independently

Currently, it is possible to conduct analysis on sugar not only when visiting the clinic, but also at home. For this purpose, special devices were created, which are called glucometters. Included with the device itself, sterile lancets are immediately offered for a finger puncture and getting a drop of blood, as well as special diagnostic test strips that are detected by sugar and its normal level in men and women.

A person who wants to determine blood sugar on his own, should pierce the skin on the end of the finger and the resulting drip of the blood to the test strip. It often helps to determine.

After that, the strip is placed in a glucometer that will show a concentration of glucose on the screen after a few seconds.

Implemented in this way the analysis allows you to obtain more accurate results, and find out at what level sugar, and it is normal in men and in women than those techniques in which capillary blood is taken from other places or diagnostics is carried out at all without taking blood.

Glucose value in human life

After eating food, the concentration of sugar in the blood necessarily becomes much higher and this is no longer the norm, but during starvation or during exercise, glucose is reduced in blood.

When inserted into the intestines, sugar stimulates the release of a large amount of insulin into the blood, as a result of which the liver begins to actively absorb the surplus of sugar and converts it into glycogen.

Previously, it was common that with such a diagnosis, like diabetes, adults and children strictly contraindicated with glucose.

But today it is proved that sugar and glucose are necessary for the body, and it is also known that it is impossible to replace them with anything impossible. It is glucose that contributes to the person to be hardy, strong and active, and all vital organs and systems functioned as it should have been normal.

The low level of blood sugar in the language of the physicians is called hypoglycemia and its causes are varied. In the source lexicon patients with diabetes mellitus, the abbreviated term "hypo" is also used to designate this state.

This topic is very important and concerns all people with a diagnosis of "diabetes" and even completely healthy people for a short time may arise such a problem in a light form, and it means that the symptoms of low blood sugar must be familiar to everyone.

Danger of reduced sugar for adults

The fall of glucose in the blood, its disadvantage is an acute complication of diabetes. The question arises: is there always low blood sugar carries danger and what is worse - a permanent high sugar rate or the periodic state of hypoglycemia?

Signs and low levels of sugar can manifest themselves to varying degrees - from insignificant to severe, both in an adult and a child. An extreme degree is the hypoglycemic coma, to which low sugar leads.

Recently, the criteria for compensation for diabetes are strongly tightened, so it is now very often the likelihood of hypoglycemia occurs. If these states are noticed in time and competently stop, then nothing dangerous in them will be.

Low sugar in the blood of an easy degree, hypoglycemia, repeated several times a week, has no effect on the development and overall health of children. In the 2000s, many children with diabetes were examined and it was established that the periodic light episodes of reduction of glucose concentrations do not affect school academic performance and intelligence of such children no difference from the intelligence of their peers, not ill-suffering diabetes.

The reduced value of blood sugar content occurs as a certain payment for the need to maintain glucose concentration close to normal to prevent the development of more dangerous complications of the disease and the causes not only in diabetes.

Each person has an individual sensitivity threshold to the low content of glucose, and when it falls, the threshold depends on:

  • age;
  • the duration of the disease and the degree of its correction;
  • sugar drop speed.

The child has

In people in different age groups, the feeling of a reduced level of glucose is observed at different values. For example, children do not feel so much low sugar as adults. Several regularities can be noted:

  1. A child has a glucose concentration of 2.6 to 3.8 mmol / liter may simply worsen a general state, but there will be no signs of hypoglycemia.
  2. The first symptoms of sugar drop in the child will begin to appear at the level of 2.6-2.2 mmol / liter.
  3. In newborn kids, these numbers are even lower - less than 1.7 mmol / liter.
  4. In premature babies less than 1.1 mmol / liter.

The child sometimes the first signs of hypoglycemia are not noticeable at all.

In adulthood, everything happens differently. At the concentration of glucose, even 3.8 mmol / liter of the patient may already feel the first signs that sugar is lowered.

Especially strongly feel if the sugar falls older people and patients of senile age, especially if they have suffered a stroke or heart attack. This is due to the fact that the human brain at such age very painfully tolerates the lack of oxygen and glucose and the risk of vascular catastrophes increases significantly. Therefore, such patients have no requirement to ensure that the carbohydrate metabolism is ideal.

  • elderly people;
  • patients with heart disease and vessels;
  • patients with diabetic retinopathy and increased risk of hemorrhage in retina;
  • people who do not notice a slight decrease in blood sugar, as they have the development of a sudden coma.

Such people must support the level of glucose on a slightly higher value than the recommended norms (approximately 6-10 mmol / liter), and more often measure measurements in order to notice that sugar is lowered.

The ideal option is a system of constantly monitoring that allows you to monitor the level of glucose in real time and make measurements.

Duration of diabetes and its compensation

It has long been known for such a fact that the more time a person is ill with diabetes, the lower its ability to feel the early symptoms of hypoglycemia.

In addition, when sugar diabetes is not compensated for a long time (glucose content is always above 10-15 mmol / liter), and if the sugar concentration drops into several values \u200b\u200bbelow (for example, up to 6 mmol / liter), may cause hypoglycemia.

Therefore, if a person wants to bring the level of glucose to normal, then it is necessary to do it smoothly to enable the body to adapt to new conditions.

The rate of reduction of blood sugar concentration

The brightness of the manifestation of hypoglycemic symptoms is also determined by how quickly it can be reduced and glucose in the blood. For example, if sugar kept at the level of 9-10 mmol / liter and at the same time they made insulin injection, but incorrectly selected a dose, then approximately forty minutes levels will be reduced to a value of 4.5 mmol / liter.

In this case, hypoglycemia will be due to a rapid decline. There are such cases when all the signs of "hypo" are present, but the concentration of sugar is in the range from 4.0 to 4.5 mmol / liter.

Causes of reduced sugar levels

Low glucose concentration is determined not only in diabetic patients, but also in the development of other diseases or pathological conditions. For diabetics are characterized by the following causes of hypoglycemia:

  1. Overdose insulin or other drugs.
  2. Insufficient number of accepted food or passing one reception.
  3. Causes in chronic renal failure.
  4. Unplanned physical exertion or planned, but unaccounted.
  5. Transition from one drug to another.
  6. Adding a single preparation to the treatment diagram to reduce sugar.
  7. The use of other methods of treating diabetes without correction (reduction) of the dosage of the main drug.
  8. Alcohol abuse, and, it is always instantly manifested.

How to understand that blood sugar fell

Hypoglycemia is easy or severe. With a light condition, the patient has a cold sweat in the direction of hair growth (more on the back of the neck), there is a feeling of hunger, anxiety, the tip of the fingers is cold, the body passes a light trembling, the man is illuminating and sick, he hurts and spins his head.

In the future, the condition may deteriorate. The orientation is broken in space, the gait becomes unstable, the mood changes dramatically, even intelligent people can begin to scream and shave, unreasonable crying can begin, the consciousness is confused, the speech slows down.

At this stage, the patient resembles a drunken man, which carries a lot of danger, as those surrounding believe that he really just drank, and do not seek help to help him. At the same time, the man himself is no longer able to help himself.

If you do not take action on time, the patient's condition will become even worse, convulsions begin, consciousness is lost and in the end begins. In the comatose period, the brain swelling is developing, which leads to a fatal outcome.

Often hypoglycemia may arise at the most inconvenient time, for example, at night, when a person is completely not prepared. If the reduction of sugar occurs at night, then characteristic symptoms appear:

  • - drop from bed or attempt to get up;
  • - nightmares;
  • - walking in a dream;
  • - anxiety, the work of unusual noise;
  • - Potion.

Very often in the morning after this patients suffer from headaches.

Greetings, regular readers and guests blog "Sugar is normal!" Today there will be a very important article after a long lack of new publications. You will learn what content of blood sugar in men and women is normal, on admissible, normal glucose indicators on an empty stomach and after eating veins and from the finger.
This article will give you more information and understanding about the diagnosis of carbohydrate disorders than, perhaps, your endocrinologist at the reception.

The level of glucose in blood is interested in all who suspected a violation of carbohydrate exchange, and this is not only diabetes. In order not to worry in vain, you need to know which blood sugar level is normal. This post will not be very long today, because the topic is not so voluminous, but very important.

You already have already donated blood from the finger or from the veins on tests, and among the indicators there was blood glucose. What is the value: normal or not? Do you know the exact figures that are accepted in medicine and on the recommendation of WHO? Let's compare them with yours!

Why know blood sugar rate

Dear readers, this article is not designed for doctors, but on you, potential patients. Why do I post ideal glucose indicators in human blood? The fact is that, as it turned out, some therapy doctors, and endocrinologists, work on old algorithms, in which the permissible values \u200b\u200bof glycemia are somewhat overestimated.

Therefore, many cases where elevated blood sugar is ignored, and the patient remains without due attention. And about the diagnosis of prediabet, when glycemia reaches the limit values, but there are no clinical signs yet, they forget at all.

I have already written in the article, and therefore I will not be repeated. If it is relevant for you today, then you will read it.

Therefore, I ask you to follow your blood sugar parameters, and if you have found changes in your analyzes, immediately apply for medical care, since the prevention of the development of the disease at an early stage will save from severe complications in the future.

From which glucose is depends on men and women

When scientists worked on the creation and development of regulatory documents on the level of glycemia in a healthy person, they found out that it could be different depending on some factors. What are these factors?

Blood fence on body

Blood can be closed from a vein or from the finger. As a rule, the amount of glucose in the blood, taken from Vienna somewhat higher than from the finger. By the way, I will say that the venous blood is centrifuged, as a result of which it is placed on plasma and cell elements. So sugar is determined in plasma.

And blood taken from the finger, this process does not pass and glucose is determined in solid blood from small capillaries of the lower layers of the skin. Therefore, such blood will be called capillary. We remember that the plasma values \u200b\u200bare higher than in the capillary blood by about 11 percent.

Age

The upper and lower boundaries of the level of glucose levels also depend on the age of a person. In adults, it will be some indicators, in children others. For pregnant women, their limit values \u200b\u200bof glycemia are also provided.
In this article we will touch only healthy indicators of adult women and men, including the elderly. And about children and women in the position I will speak in the future. To not miss.
As for the differences in the testimony of laboratory research between men and women, the normal limits are not completely different in gender. And also the blood glucose rate is not different in the elderly and people of working age. And it doesn't matter how old you are 20 or 55-65, you should always have sugar within normal quantities. The girl and a mature woman sugar meets the standards specified below in the table.
Therefore, do not believe those who argue that with age sugar in the blood becomes higher and this is natural. No, it is unnatural, since the older person without diabetes is even useful to the lower level of glycemia in terms of preventing cognitive thinking disorders, Alzheimer's diseases and other senile brain disorders.

Difference measurements with glucometter and in the laboratory

Many people do not suspect that the difference in indicators may be due to how the analysis was made. The normal range of sugar levels in men and women was found out on laboratory equipment, and not on the home appliance. By the way, there were no them at all.

All glucometters allowed for sale have a significant error that can mislead both the doctor and the patient. If the question is about the diagnosis of carbohydrate violations for the first time, it is necessary to base on only the testimony of the laboratory. Another question is that not all laboratories work honestly, but this is the ethical side that does not concern the topic of this article.

Those numbers that you get on the home appliance can differ significantly from these polyclinic or private laboratory, since the permissible error is 20% permissible. The lower the blood sugar in the patient, the less this error, the higher sugar, the higher the error.

Why then, at all, it is necessary this device, since he is such a lie? This device needs people with the diagnosed diagnosis for frequent self-control at home. You can take blood from the finger, for example, using the device, which is famous for German quality. Or reliably proven glucometters Accum Check, for example, Akku Check Actor or Nano.

In this case, the error does not have a special role. For example, a patient has a blood sugar 6.1 mmol / l, then it can be assumed that the real value, taking into account the maximum error, somewhere in the range from 4.8 to 7.3. These are numbers with a maximum error, which may not be.

I agree that it is very nervous, but what to do, because today there is absolutely accurate devices. It is good that there are still such, and after all, they did not exist at all 20 years ago. Let's hope that technology will be improved.

I believe that you have understood the fact that diagnosis is based only on laboratory analyzes.

What sugar is considered normal in adults (table)

So we approached the answer to the main question of the entire article. Before lighting the numbers, I want to convey to you another important idea.
The fact is that the concentration and the amount of glucose in the blood is inconsistently during the day and night, that is, during the day. Its level is constantly hesitated and in the morning it will not be that yesterday before bedtime, and at lunchtime it will not be like in the morning or in the evening. It all depends on what we eat and how we move.
And since we do not behave monotonous life, we do not eat one day a day, and we do not repeat the same gestures, then the blood glucose will be different all the time.
And even if we ate and moved the same, you still do not achieve the same sugar in the blood all the time. Because there is another hormonal reaction to the environment and living situations that change daily.

Every new day is unique and not similar to the previous one. And the hormones can very much to influence the metabolism.
Therefore, do not expect with a new measurement of repetition of numbers. That is why doctors prescribe a biochemical analysis not only on an empty stomach in the morning, but after breakfast or are asked to pass the analysis at another time of day to identify possible disorders. There is even a special test with carbohydrate load - glucose-bearing test (GTT). Below you will learn the rules for its holding.
Sugar is an empty stomach and sugar after meals (carbohydrate load) can be both practical identical, differing only in tenths and different, having a difference of several units.
As a rule, doctors are interested in the glycemic indicator 2 hours after eating or receiving glucose, and not immediately or after 1 hour. Immediately after eating or in an hour, blood sugar can be high and at a completely healthy person. It all depends on what he ate and the nature of nutrition in his life.
Usually after the sweet or with predominantly low-car power supply, sugar in the first hours increases high, but it is not a pathology if it returns to normal to the normal two hours.

Table with glycemia indicators in healthy

How do you see good sugar, taken from the finger, is considered from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l. And do not believe who will say the opposite. All that is above is a dangerous, critical zone and risk of diabetes mellitus.

Test rules with load

For testing, a pure glucose powder is used in the amount of 75. First, the patient gives sugar on an empty stomach, then dissolves glucose, in a predetermined warm water, and drinks. After that, it expects for 2 hours and again gives blood on sugar.

During waiting, it is impossible:

  • walk and go in general
  • smoking
  • nerve
  • sleep well
  • hungry gap at least 10 hours
  • do not smoke
  • lack of exercise and stress
  • no restriction (diet) in nutrition for the past three days
  • consumption of carbohydrates at least 150 g per day
  • on the eve of the evening, the consumption of carbohydrates is at least 30-50 g

The test is postponed at:

  • acute diseases (after a heart attack, stroke, ORVI, etc.)
  • taking drugs that increase the level of glucose

The fulfillment of all tips is the key to the adequate results of the experiment with a sugar curve.

Thus, to judge the carbohydrate exchange, you need at least two indicators: the level of sugar on an empty stomach and blood sugar 2 hours after eating or load. There is another third indicator that helps the doctor to decide on the final diagnosis. This is, but about him already in a separate article.

I have everything on this. Click on the buttons of social. Networks, if you like the article, share comments. I'm saying goodbye to you, but I hope not for a long time. Soon the cycle of articles on the connection of cholesterol and blood sugar, you will learn about the norms and criteria that are adopted by the Medical Association.

With warmth and care, endocrinologist Lebedev Dilyar Ilgizovna

The blood sugar rate is equal for both men and women. Multiple factors affect the change in the level of absorption glucose. Deviation from the norm in a large or smaller side may have negative consequences and requires correction.

One of the main physiological processes in the body is the absorption of glucose. In everyday life, the phrase "blood sugar" consumes, in fact, blood contains dissolved glucose - simple sugar, main blood carbohydrate. Glucose plays a central role in metabolic processes, representing the most universal energy. Finding into the blood from the liver and intestines, it is distributed with blood flow to all organism cells and supplies the tissue energy. With increasing glucose levels in the blood, an insulin production is increased - the pancreatic hormone. The insulin effect consists in the process of transition of glucose from the intercellular fluid inside the cell and its disposal. The mechanism of glucose transport inside the cell is associated with the effect of insulin on the permeability of cell membranes.

The poor piece of glucose is converted into glycogen, which reserves it to create an energy depot in liver cells and muscles. The process of synthesis of glucose from non-reliable compounds is called glucongenesis. Disintegration of accumulated glycogen to glucose - glycogenolysis. Maintaining blood sugar norms is one of the main mechanisms of homeostasis, in which the liver, extrahepatic fabrics and a number of hormones (insulin, glucocorticoids, glucagon, steroids, adrenaline).

In a healthy body, the number of glucose entered and the response share of insulin always correspond to each other.

Long-term hyperglycemia leads to severe lesions of organs and systems as a result of violation of metabolic processes and blood supply, as well as a significant decrease in immunity.

The consequence of absolute or relative insulin deficiency is the development of diabetes.

Blood sugar rate

The blood sugar level of 7.8-11.0 is characteristic of predominates, increasing the level of glucose over 11 mmol / l indicates diabetes mellitus.

The blood sugar rate is an empty stomach of both men and women. Meanwhile, the indicators of the permissible norm of sugar in the blood may differ depending on age: after 50 and 60 years, there is often a violation of homeostasis. If we talk about pregnant women, then they have a blood sugar level can be slightly deviated after eating, with an empty stomach it remains normal. Increased blood sugar levels in pregnancy indicates the development of gestational diabetes.

Hypoglycemia entails the energy starvation of cells, including cerebral cells, the normal functioning of the body is broken. A symptom complex is formed, which is called hypoglycemic syndrome:

  • headache;
  • sudden weakness;
  • feeling of hunger, reinforced appetite;
  • shivering in limbs or in the whole body;
  • diplopia (shots in the eyes);
  • violation of behavior;
  • convulsions;
  • loss of consciousness.

Factors provoking hypoglycemia in a healthy person:

  • irrational nutrition, diets leading to a pronounced shortage of nutrients;
  • insufficient drinking mode;
  • stress;
  • predominance in the diet of refined carbohydrates;
  • alcohol abuse;
  • intravenous introduction of a large volume of saline.

Hyperglycemia serves as a symptom of violation of the exchange and indicates the development of diabetes or other diseases of the endocrine system. Early symptoms of hyperglycemia:

  • headaches;
  • enhanced thirst;
  • dry mouth;
  • student urination;
  • the smell of acetone from mouth;
  • itching the skin and mucous membranes;
  • progressive reduction of visual acuity, outbreaks before eyes, loss of fields;
  • weakness, increased fatigue, reducing endurance;
  • problems with focus;
  • rapid decline in body weight;
  • increased frequency of respiratory movements;
  • slow healing of wounds and scratches;
  • worsening leg sensitivity;
  • next to infectious diseases.

Long-term hyperglycemia leads to severe lesions of organs and systems as a result of violation of metabolic processes and blood supply, as well as a significant decrease in immunity.

The blood sugar level can be measured at home with an electrochemical instrument - a homely glucometer.

Analyzing the above symptoms, the doctor prescribes blood test for sugar.

Methods for measuring blood sugar levels

Blood test allows high accuracy to determine the blood sugar. Indications for the appointment of blood test on sugar are the following diseases and conditions:

  • symptoms of hypo- or hyperglycemia;
  • vision disorders;
  • early (in men - up to 40 years old, women - up to 50 years) development of arterial hypertension, angina, atherosclerosis;
  • thyroid diseases, liver, adrenal glands, pituitary glands;
  • elderly age;
  • signs of diabetes or prediabetic state;
  • burdened family history of diabetes;
  • suspicion of the development of gestational diabetes. Pregnant women are checked for gestational diabetes between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy.

Also, the analysis on sugar is carried out in preventive medical examinations, including children.

The main laboratory methods for determining the level of sugar in the blood are:

  • measuring blood sugar levels on an empty stomach - the general level of blood sugar is determined;
  • glucosotolerant test - Allows you to identify hidden violations of carbohydrate exchange. The test is a threefold measurement of glucose concentration with an interval after carbohydrate load. Normally, blood sugar indicators should be reduced in accordance with the time interval after receiving the glucose solution. When the sugar concentration is detected from 8 to 11 mmol / l in the second analysis, a violation of tissue tolerance to glucose is diagnosed. Such a state is a precursor of diabetes (predominant);
  • determination of glycated hemoglobin (The compound of hemoglobin molecule with glucose molecule) - reflects the duration and degree of glycemia, allows you to identify diabetes at an early stage. The average blood sugar content is estimated for a long period of time (2-3 months).
Regular self-controlling blood sugar helps maintain blood sugar levels normally, on time to determine the first signs of increasing blood glucose and prevent the development of complications.

Additional studies on blood sugar levels:

  • fructzamine concentration (glucose and albumin compound) - allows you to determine the degree of glycemia for the previous 14-20 days. The increase in fructosamine may also testify to the development of hypothyroidism, renal failure or ovarian polycystosis;
  • blood test on C-peptide (protein part of the proinsulin molecule) - Used to clarify the causes of hypoglycemia or evaluating the effectiveness of insulin therapy. This indicator allows you to evaluate the secretion of own insulin in diabetes;
  • lactate level (lactic acid) in blood - shows how much tissue is saturated with oxygen;
  • blood test on antibodies to insulin - Allows you to distinguish diabetes 1 and 2 in patients who have not received treatment with insulin preparations. The autoantibodies generated by the body against its own insulin are a marker of type 1 diabetes. The results of the analysis are used to compile the treatment plan, as well as the forecast for the development of the disease in patients with a burdened hereditary history of type 1 diabetes mellitus, especially in children.

How blood test is performed on sugar

The analysis is carried out in the morning hours, after 8-14-hour starvation. Before the procedure is allowed to drink only simple or mineral water. Before studying, the reception of some drugs is excluded, cease therapeutic procedures. A few hours before the sample, it is forbidden to smoke, in two days - to use alcohol. It is not recommended to carry out an analysis after operations, delivery, in infectious diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with impaired glucose, hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, stressful effects, supercooling, during menstrual bleeding.

The blood sugar rate is an empty stomach of both men and women. Meanwhile, the indicators of the permissible norm of sugar in the blood may differ depending on age: after 50 and 60 years, there is often a violation of homeostasis.

Sugar level measurement at home

The blood sugar level can be measured at home with an electrochemical instrument - a homely glucometer. Special test strips are used, which is applied with a drop of blood taken from the finger. Modern glucometters automatically carry out electronic quality control of the measurement procedure, count the measurement time, warn about errors during the procedure.

Regular self-controlling blood sugar helps maintain blood sugar levels normally, on time to determine the first signs of increasing blood glucose and prevent the development of complications.

Patients suffering from diabetes are recommended to keep the diary of the control, according to which it is possible to track the change in blood sugar levels for a certain period, to see the body's reaction to the introduction of insulin, to record the dependence between blood glucose levels and food intake, exercise and other factors.

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