A correct, rational and carefully balanced diet is a key factor in maintaining systemic stable compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. Unfortunately, at the moment there are no effective drugs that could completely rid a person of diabetes, so it is the diet, along with the correct daily routine and, if necessary, taking medications, that can help the patient live life comfortably and without fear of health.

Health food

Doctors have known about the need for a diet for diabetes for a long time - it was therapeutic nutrition in the pre-insulin era that was the only effective mechanism to deal with the problem. The diet is especially important for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, where the likelihood of coma during decompensation and even death is high. For type 2 diabetics, therapeutic nutrition is usually prescribed for weight management and a more predictable stable course of the disease.

Basic principles

  1. The basic concept of a therapeutic diet for any type of diabetes is the so-called bread unit - a theoretical measure of the equivalent of ten grams of carbohydrates. Modern nutritionists have developed special sets of tables for all types of products indicating the amount of XE per 100 grams of product. Every day, a patient with diabetes is recommended to take products with a total "value" of 12-24 XE - the dosage is selected individually, depending on the patient's body weight, age and level of physical activity.
  2. Keeping a detailed food diary. All foods consumed must be recorded so that, if necessary, the nutritionist makes a correction of the nutrition system.
  3. The frequency of receptions. Diabetics are recommended 5-6 times a meal. At the same time, breakfast, lunch and dinner should account for 75 percent of the daily diet, the remaining 2-3 snacks - the remaining 25 percent.
  4. Individualization of medical nutrition. Modern science recommends individualizing classical diets, adjusting them to the patient's physiological preferences, regional factors (a set of local dishes and traditions) and other parameters, while maintaining a balance of all components of a rational diet.
  5. Replacement equivalence. If you change the diet, then the selected alternative products should be as interchangeable as possible in terms of calories, as well as the ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates. The main groups of components in this case include products containing mainly carbohydrates (1), proteins (2), fats (3) and multicomponents (4). Substitutions are possible only within these groups. If the replacement occurs in (4), then nutritionists make adjustments to the composition of the entire diet, while replacing the elements from (1) it is necessary to take into account the equivalence in terms of the glycemic index - the XE tables described above can help with this.

Products strictly prohibited in diabetes

Modern dietetics, armed with advanced diagnostic methods and studies of the effects of substances and products on the body, has significantly narrowed the list of products absolutely prohibited for use by patients with diabetes in recent years. At the moment, meals based on refined refined carbohydrates, sweets and sugar, as well as foods containing refractory fats and a lot of cholesterol are absolutely contraindicated.

There is a relative ban on white bread, rice and semolina porridge, as well as pasta - they can be consumed strictly limited. In addition, regardless of the type of diabetes, alcohol is completely contraindicated.

In some cases, strict adherence to a diet for type 2 diabetes helps to fully compensate for carbohydrate metabolism and not use drugs. For diabetics with type 1 and other types of diabetes, therapeutic nutrition is considered and is an important element in the complex therapy of the problem.

Types of diets for diabetes

  1. Classic. This type of therapeutic nutrition was developed back in the 30-40s of the twentieth century and is a balanced, albeit strict type of diet. A prominent representative of it in domestic dietology is "Table number 9" with numerous, later variations. It is this type of therapeutic nutrition that is suitable for almost all diabetics with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  2. Modern. The principles of individualization and the peculiarities of the mentality of certain social groups have given rise to a wide variety of menus and modern diets, with less strict prohibitions on certain types of products and taking into account new properties found in the latter, which made it possible to introduce previously conditionally prohibited products into the daily diet. The main principles here are the factor of the use of "protected" carbohydrates containing a sufficient amount of dietary fiber. However, it should be understood that this kind of medical nutrition is selected strictly individually and cannot be considered as a universal mechanism for compensating carbohydrate metabolism.
  3. low carb diets. Designed primarily for type 2 diabetics with increased body weight. The basic principle is to exclude as much as possible the consumption of foods high in carbohydrates, but not to the detriment of health. However, it is contraindicated for children, and it should not be used for people with kidney problems (advanced nephropathies) and diabetics with type 1 diabetes and severe hypoglycemia.
  4. Vegetarian diets. As experimental studies at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries showed, vegan types of diets with an emphasis on a significant reduction in the consumption of foods rich in fats not only contribute to a decrease in body weight, but also lower. A large amount of whole vegetation, rich in dietary fiber and fiber, in some cases is even more effective than recommended specialized diets, especially since a vegetarian diet implies a significant reduction in the total caloric content of the daily diet. This, in turn, significantly reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome in pre-diabetic conditions, is able to act as an independent prophylactic agent and effectively fight against the onset of diabetes.

Menu for every day

Below, we will consider the classic diet menu for type 1 and type 2 diabetics, which is optimal for patients with mild to moderate forms of diabetes. In the case of severe decompensation, addiction and hyper- and hypoglycemia, an individualized therapeutic nutrition regimen should be developed by a nutritionist taking into account human physiology, current health problems and other factors.

Base:

  1. Proteins - 85-90 grams (sixty percent of animal origin).
  2. Fats - 75-80 grams (a third - vegetable base).
  3. Carbohydrates - 250-300 grams.
  4. Free liquid - about one and a half liters.
  5. Salt -11 grams.

The nutrition system is fractional, five to six times a day, the daily maximum energy value is no more than 2400 kcal.

Prohibited Products:

Meat/cooking fats, harsh sauces, sweet juices, muffins, rich broths, cream, pickles and marinades, fatty meats and fish, preservation, salty and rich cheeses, pasta, semolina, rice, sugar, jams, alcohol, ice cream and sweets sugar-based, grapes, all raisins and bananas with dates/figs.

Allowed foods/dishes:

  1. Flour products - rye and bran bread is allowed, as well as non-rich flour products.
  2. Soups - borscht, cabbage soup, vegetable soups, as well as stews in low-fat broth are optimal for therapeutic nutrition. Sometimes - okroshka.
  3. Meat. Low-fat varieties of beef, veal, pork. Limited chicken, rabbit, lamb, boiled tongue and liver are allowed. From fish - any low-fat varieties boiled, steamed or baked without vegetable oil.
  4. Milk products. Low-fat cheeses, dairy products without added sugar. Limited - 10% sour cream, low-fat or semi-fat cottage cheese. Eggs should be consumed without yolks, in extreme cases, in the form of omelettes.
  5. Cereals. Oatmeal, pearl barley, beans, buckwheat, yachka, millet.
  6. Vegetables. Recommended carrots, beets, cabbage, pumpkin, zucchini, eggplant, cucumbers and tomatoes. Potatoes are limited.
  7. Snacks and sauces. Fresh vegetable salads, tomato and low-fat sauces, horseradish, mustard and pepper. Limited - zucchini or other vegetable caviar, vinaigrette, jellied fish, seafood dishes with a minimum of vegetable oil, low-fat beef jelly.
  8. Fats - limited vegetable, butter and ghee.
  9. Other. Drinks without sugar (tea, coffee, rosehip broth, vegetable juices), jellies, mousses, fresh sweet and sour non-exotic fruits, compotes. Very limited - honey and sweets with sweeteners.

Individual components of the menu below are subject to replacement according to the principles of equivalent substitution within the above groups.

Monday

  • We have breakfast with two hundred grams of low-fat cottage cheese, in which you can add a few berries.
  • The second time we have breakfast with one glass of one percent kefir.
  • We have lunch with 150 grams of baked beef, a bowl of vegetable soup. For garnish - stewed vegetables in the amount of 100-150 grams.
  • We have an afternoon of fresh cabbage and cucumber salad seasoned with a teaspoon of olive oil. The total volume is 100–150 grams.
  • We have dinner with grilled vegetables (80 grams) and one medium baked fish weighing up to two hundred grams.

Tuesday

  • We have breakfast with a plate of buckwheat porridge - no more than 120 grams.
  • The second time we have breakfast with two medium-sized apples.
  • We have lunch with a plate of vegetable borscht, 100 grams of boiled beef. You can drink food with compote without adding sugar.
  • We have an afternoon snack with a glass of rosehip broth.
  • We have dinner with a bowl of fresh vegetable salad in the amount of 160-180 grams, as well as one boiled low-fat fish (150-200 grams).

Wednesday

  • We have breakfast with cottage cheese casserole - 200 grams.
  • Before dinner, you can drink a glass of rosehip broth.
  • We have lunch with a bowl of cabbage soup, two small fish cutlets and a hundred grams of vegetable salad.
  • We have an afternoon snack with one boiled egg.
  • We have dinner with a plate of stewed cabbage and two medium-sized meat patties cooked in the oven or steamed.

Thursday

  • Breakfast is a two-egg omelet.
  • Before dinner, you can eat a cup of low-fat or unsweetened yogurt.
  • We have lunch with cabbage soup and two units of stuffed peppers based on lean meat and allowed cereals.
  • We have an afternoon snack with two hundred grams of low-fat cottage cheese and carrot casseroles.
  • We have dinner with chicken stew (a piece of two hundred grams) and a plate of vegetable salad.

Friday

  • We have breakfast with a plate of millet porridge and one apple.
  • Before dinner, we eat two medium-sized oranges.
  • We have lunch with meat goulash (no more than one hundred grams), a bowl of fish soup and a bowl of barley.
  • We dine on a plate of fresh vegetable salad.
  • We have dinner with a good portion of stewed vegetables with lamb, with a total weight of up to 250 grams.

Saturday

  • We have breakfast with a plate of porridge based on bran, you can eat one pear as a bite.
  • Before dinner, it is permissible to eat one soft-boiled egg.
  • We have lunch with a large plate of vegetable stew with the addition of lean meat - only 250 grams.
  • We dine on a few permitted fruits.
  • We have dinner with a hundred grams of stewed lamb and a plate of vegetable salad in the amount of 150 grams.

Sunday

  • We have breakfast with a bowl of low-fat cottage cheese with a small amount of berries - only up to one hundred grams.
  • For second breakfast - two hundred grams of grilled chicken.
  • We have lunch with a bowl of vegetable soup, one hundred grams of goulash and a bowl of vegetable salad.
  • We have an afternoon snack with a plate of berry salad - up to 150 grams in total.
  • We have dinner with one hundred grams of boiled beans and two hundred grams of steamed shrimp.

Useful video

Nutrition for diabetes

Content

Such a disease of the endocrine system as diabetes mellitus is associated with a lack of insulin in the human body. According to the WHO classification (World Health Organization), the disease is divided into 1 (insulin-dependent) and 2 (insulin-independent) types. Their symptoms are similar: constant thirst, increased appetite, frequent urination. The main cause of the disease is the consumption of large amounts of carbohydrates and fats for a long time. The main therapeutic factor at any stage of diabetes is dietary nutrition.

What is diabetes nutrition

A special menu for diabetics is developed at any stage of the disease, but nutritional recommendations may vary. Diet is especially important for patients with type 1 diabetes, because they have a high probability of coma during decompensation and even death. For type 2 diabetics, special nutrition is prescribed, as a rule, for weight correction and for a stable course of the disease. The basics of a dietary diet at any stage of the disease:

  • it is necessary to eat 5-6 times a day in small portions;
  • the ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates (BJU) should be balanced;
  • the amount of calories received should be equal to the energy consumption of a diabetic;
  • food should be rich in vitamins, so natural vitamin carriers should be added to the diet: dietary supplements, brewer's yeast, rosehip broth and others.

How to eat with diabetes

When a doctor prescribes a daily diet for a diabetic, he is guided by the patient's age, gender, level of physical activity and weight category. The basic principles of dietary nutrition are the restriction of sweetened foods and the prohibition of hunger strikes.. The basic concept of a diet for diabetes is a bread unit (XE), equivalent to 10 g of carbohydrates. Nutritionists have developed sets of tables indicating their number per 100 grams of any product. The diet for patients with diabetes mellitus provides for a daily meal with a total value of 12 to 24 XE.

The diet for type 1 and type 2 diabetes is different. In the first case, a low-calorie diet is needed to prevent the complication of the disease (25-30 kcal / 1 kg of weight). A strict dietary regimen must be strictly observed by a diabetic. Patients with type 2 diabetes are allowed a subcaloric diet (1600-1800 kcal / day). If a person is overweight, the number of calories decreases to 15-17 kcal / 1 kg of weight.

  • remove alcohol, juices, lemonade from the diet;
  • reduce the amount of sweeteners and cream when drinking tea, coffee;
  • choose unsweetened food;
  • replace sweets with healthy foods, for example, instead of ice cream, eat a banana dessert (beat frozen bananas with a mixer).

Diet for type 2 diabetes

Even at the initial stage of the disease, you need to follow the rules of nutrition. In diabetics who do not follow a diet, cells lose sensitivity to insulin as a result of consuming large amounts of carbohydrates. As a result, the level of glucose in the blood rises and constantly keeps at high rates. Dietary nutrition in type 2 diabetes helps restore the ability of cells to absorb sugar.

Basic rules of the diet:

  • replacing sugar with sweeteners in the amount allowed by the doctor;
  • preference for desserts containing vegetable fats (yogurt, nuts);
  • the same calorie meals;
  • eating more carbohydrates in the morning.

Type 2 diabetics are recommended a daily fluid intake of 1.5 liters. You can not load the digestive tract, so overeating is excluded. Do not think that a few glasses of alcohol and some sweets will not cause complications. Such breakdowns nullify all efforts, and can provoke a critical condition requiring resuscitation.

Approved Products

The diet of a type 2 diabetic is not difficult to understand. You just need to know which foods are allowed to be eaten in limited quantities, and which ones need to fill most of the diet. Knowing about the methods of preparing dietary dishes and the correct combination of permitted ingredients, it is easy to build a quality diet that is aimed at maintaining a stable condition of the patient. For convenience, a table should always hang in the kitchen of a diabetic:

Food

Allowed always

Allowed limited (1-3 times / week)

Boiled green buckwheat. You can 40 grams of dry cereal 1-2 times / week.

Root crops, greens, vegetables, legumes.

All vegetables growing above the ground, including any kind of greens and mushrooms.

Celery root. raw carrots, Jerusalem artichoke, turnip, sweet potato, radish. Lentils, black beans - 30 grams 1 time / week.

Berries, fruits.

Lemon, avocado, cranberry, gooseberry, red currant, raspberry, blackberry, strawberry. It is better to make fruit sauces and seasonings.

All other berries are not on an empty stomach and not more than 100 grams / day.

Olive, almond, peanut butter in salads. Fish oil, cod liver.

Linseed oil.

Fish, meat, eggs.

Small fish, seafood. Eggs - 2-3 pcs. / day. Veal, rabbit, chicken, turkey, offal (stomachs, liver, heart).

What foods can not be eaten

Inappropriate food will aggravate the condition of a diabetic, provoke a jump in sugar. A patient with type 2 diabetes should not eat:

  • Sweet. The black list includes sugar and all products containing it in excess. We must forget about ice cream, chocolate, marmalade, jam, sweets, preserves, halva and other sweets.
  • Bakery. Sweet bakery products are prohibited: muffins, cookies, rolls, white loaf and bread.
  • Fat containing foods. Fatty meals can greatly raise your glucose levels. For this reason, a diabetic should refuse duck, pork, lamb, lard, mayonnaise, cream. You should also exclude sweet yogurt, fatty cottage cheese and cheese.
  • Semi-finished products. In their composition they have a large number of flavors, stabilizers, flavor enhancers. You should not eat fish sticks, ready-made industrial cutlets, dumplings, sausages, sausages.
  • Trans fats. Their use will harm not only the diabetic, but also a healthy person. Prohibited foods include margarine, confectionery fat, spread, french fries, hot dogs, burgers, puffed corn.
  • Fruit. Some fruits and dried fruits are not recommended. Among them are dried apricots, dates, figs, raisins, persimmons, melons, grapes, bananas.

Menu for the week

For many patients, the transition to a low-carbohydrate diet becomes a test, especially if a person did not limit himself to food before the illness. You have to get used to it gradually. When switching to products for diabetics, you should first abandon the most harmful ones, reducing their number to a minimum. Sample menu for patients with type 2 diabetes:

Day of the week

First dinner

Second dinner

Monday

Oatmeal (150 g), black bread toast, carrot salad (100 g), green tea (200 ml).

Baked apple (2 pcs.).

Chicken fillet (100 g), vegetable salad (150 g), beetroot (150 g), compote (200 ml).

Fruit salad (200 grams).

Broccoli (100 grams), cottage cheese (100 grams) tea (200 ml).

Fat-free yogurt (150 ml).

Boiled fish (150 g), cabbage salad (150 grams), tea 200 ml.

Steamed vegetable mix (200 g).

Vegetable soup (200 g), steamed chicken cutlets (150 g), compote (200 ml).

Low-fat cottage cheese with raisins (150 g), rosehip broth (200 ml).

Baked rabbit (150 g), boiled egg, tea (200 ml).

Ryazhenka (150 ml).

Buckwheat (150 g), bran bread, tea (200 ml).

Apple (1 pc.).

Vegetable stew (150 g), boiled meat (100 grams), compote (200 ml).

Braised cabbage (200 grams).

Meatballs (150 g), Steamed vegetables (150 g), rosehip broth (200 ml).

Low-fat kefir (150 ml).

Rice porridge (150 grams), 2 slices of cheese (100 g), coffee (200 ml).

Grapefruit (1 pc.).

Ear (200 ml), stewed cabbage with mushrooms (150 g), compote (200 g).

Cabbage salad (150 grams).

Buckwheat (200 grams), rye bread, tea (200 ml).

Milk (200 ml).

Carrot and apple salad (150 g), cottage cheese (100 g), tea (200 ml).

Baked apple (2 pcs.).

Goulash (100 grams), vegetable stew (150 g), jelly (200 ml).

Fruit mix (150 grams).

Baked fish (150 g), millet porridge (150 g), tea (200 ml).

Kefir (200 ml).

Oatmeal (150 g), carrot salad (150 g), tea (200 ml).

Orange (1 pc.).

Stewed liver (100 g), vermicelli (150 g), rice soup (150 g), jelly (200 ml).

Apple (1 pc.).

Zucchini caviar (150 g), barley porridge (100 g), rye bread, compote (200 ml).

Homemade yogurt (200 ml).

Sunday

Stewed beets (150 g), 2 pieces of cheese (100 g), coffee (200 ml).

Grapefruit (1 pc.).

Pilaf (150 g), stewed eggplant (150 g), black bread, cranberry juice (200 ml).

Grapefruit (1 pc.).

Steam cutlets (150 g), pumpkin porridge (150 g), vegetable salad (150 g), tea (200 ml).

Kefir (200 ml).

Diet for type 1 diabetes

Insulin-dependent disease is diagnosed when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin. Nutrition for type 1 diabetes consists in the use of a certain ratio of BJU. An indicator of the choice of foods is their glycemic index, that is, an indicator of the effect on blood glucose levels. The daily rate of high-carb foods should be 2/3 of the entire menu.

Diabetics should choose slow carbohydrates that take a long time to digest. These include mushrooms, durum wheat pasta, cereals, legumes, and some vegetables. Protein foods should not exceed 20%, and fats - 15%. With concomitant obesity, it is necessary to enrich the food with root vegetables with a minimum calorie content. In case of liver damage, the consumption of extractive substances (soy, oatmeal, cottage cheese) is limited. If the cardiovascular system suffers, then the patient needs to give up salt.

What foods can be used for diabetes

A therapeutic diet for people with type 1 diabetes is not only aimed at lowering blood sugar, but also at reducing the likelihood of other pathologies. Patients are allowed to include in the diet:

The product's name

With bran, rye, whole grains.

Soups, broths.

Vegetable, low-fat fish, meat, chicken, okroshka, borscht, pickle.

Meat, poultry.

Rabbit, beef, chicken, skinless turkey.

Pike, pike perch, cod, ice, saffron cod, jellied dishes.

Any cabbage, beets, carrots, bell peppers, lentils, green peas, beans, cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, beans, eggplant, pumpkin, zucchini, potatoes (only for first courses).

Berries, fruits.

Strawberries, cranberries, mountain ash, raspberries, cranberries, currants, peach, plum, pomegranate, cherry, grapefruit, lemon, orange, apples, pears, quince.

Buckwheat, oatmeal.

Low fat dairy products and milk.

Sour cream, cottage cheese, kefir, curdled milk, milk.

Prohibited Products

As with type 2 disease, a diabetic diet involves restricting certain foods. Among them:

  • sugar-containing products;
  • strong broths, meat fats;
  • semolina, pasta, rice;
  • smoked meats, marinades, pickles;
  • conservation;
  • confectionery, pastries;
  • fatty dairy products;
  • sweet fruits, dried fruits;
  • alcohol, soft drinks.

Menu for the week

With diabetes, special attention should be paid to the preparation of products. It is allowed to boil, stew, steam them. In no case should you fry, it is not advisable to bake in the oven. Sample menu for the week:

Day of the week

Monday

Buckwheat porridge on water (150 g), cabbage salad (100 g), tea (200 ml).

Apple (1 pc.).

Borsch (150 g), boiled chicken (100 g), berry jelly (200 ml).

Cheesecakes (150 g).

Cabbage schnitzel (100 g), rye bread (1 pc.), Kefir (200 ml).

Barley (150 g), grated carrots (100 g), mineral water (200 ml).

Yogurt (150 ml).

Pumpkin soup (100 g), vegetable stew (150 g), asparagus salad (100 g), tea (200 ml).

Orange (1 pc.).

Rice casserole (150 g), boiled quail egg, fermented baked milk (200 ml).

Boiled fish (200 g), cottage cheese (100 g), tea (200 ml).

Grapefruit (1 pc.).

Ear (200 g), boiled broccoli (150 g), rye bread, jelly (200 ml).

Cottage cheese casserole (150 g).

Meatballs (100 g), vegetable stew (150 g), yogurt (150 ml).

Baked pumpkin (200 g), coffee with milk (200 ml), a slice of hard cheese (50 g).

Apple baked with honey (2 pcs.).

White mushroom soup (200 g), cauliflower salad (150 g), dried fruit compote (200 ml).

Yogurt (150 ml).

Boiled meat (100 g), vegetable salad (150 g), beetroot juice (100 ml).

Barley porridge (150 g), beetroot salad (150 g), whole grain bread, tea (200 ml).

Apple jelly (150 g).

Bean soup (200 g), stewed liver (100 g), brown rice (150 g), compote (200 ml).

Orange (1 pc.).

Zucchini pancakes (150 g), cottage cheese (100 g), chamomile tea (200 ml).

Lightly salted salmon (150 g), boiled egg, tea (200 ml).

Grapefruit (1 pc.).

Stuffed cabbage without rice (150 g), borscht (200 g), rye bread, jelly (200 ml).

Yogurt (150 ml).

Chicken fillet (100 g), green peas (150 g), stewed eggplant (150 g), milk (150 ml).

Sunday

Buckwheat porridge (150 g), stewed chicken (100 g), rye bread, tea (200 ml).

Baked apple (2 pcs.).

Shchi (150 g), chicken cutlet (100 g), vegetable salad (150 g), compote (200 ml).

Cottage cheese casserole (150 g).

Pumpkin puree soup (200 g), chicken cutlets (100 g), tomato salad (150 g), kefir (150 ml).

During pregnancy and lactation

While expecting a baby, a woman can develop gestational diabetes. The cause of the disease is a genetic predisposition to reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin. After delivery, carbohydrate metabolism often normalizes, but there is a risk of diabetes in a woman and a child. To prevent danger, during pregnancy and lactation, you must strictly monitor your diet:

  • exclude simple carbohydrates, limit complex ones;
  • pasta and potatoes eat in small quantities;
  • remove fried, fatty foods from the diet, refuse semi-finished products, sausages;
  • cook food for a couple, bake, stew;
  • eat every 2-3 hours;
  • drink up to 1.5 liters of plain water per day.

Recipes

Do not think that diet food will necessarily be tasteless. There are many recipes for diabetics that people who do not suffer from this pathology will use with pleasure. Many dishes that are intended for patients suffering from insulin deficiency are used by nutritionists in weight loss programs. Below are a few recipes.

  • Cooking time: 1 hour.
  • Number of servings: 6 persons.
  • Calorie content of the dish: 195 kcal / 100 g.
  • Purpose: dessert for breakfast.
  • Cuisine: English.
  • Difficulty: high.

Pumpkin for diabetes is necessary, because this product has many useful elements and low calorie content. Thanks to its low calorie content, the orange vegetable helps to normalize and control body weight. The use of pumpkin improves the functioning of the digestive tract, helps cleanse the intestines of toxic substances, and stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin.

Ingredients:

  • pumpkin - 300 grams;
  • flour - 3 tbsp. l.;
  • honey - 3 tbsp. l.;
  • eggs - 3 pieces;
  • salt - 1 pinch.

Cooking method:

  1. Cut pumpkin pulp into small pieces, boil. When ready, let cool, puree.
  2. Mix pumpkin puree with honey and egg yolks. Sift flour and add gradually.
  3. Beat egg whites until stiff, add salt. The mass should be thick.
  4. Fold the beaten egg whites into the dough. Put the pumpkin mass in a mold greased with sunflower oil.
  5. Preheat the oven to 200 degrees. Bake the pudding for 30 to 40 minutes.

  • Cooking time: 20 minutes.
  • Number of servings: 8 persons.
  • Calorie content of the dish: 86 kcal / 100 g.
  • Destination: for lunch.
  • Cuisine: Russian.
  • Difficulty: low.

The use of beans in diabetes reduces glucose levels, improves metabolic processes at the cellular level. Legumes consist of a variety of nutrients, enzymes, amino acids and do not put a strain on the pancreas. Reducing blood sugar levels is achieved through a unique ratio of carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids. This type of legume has the same properties as insulin.

Ingredients:

  • white beans - 1 cup;
  • dried mushrooms - 200 g;
  • carrots - 1 pc.;
  • onion - 1 pc.;
  • sunflower oil - 1 tbsp. l.;
  • low-fat cream - 100 g;
  • cloves - 2 pcs.;
  • salt - a pinch.

Cooking method:

  1. Soak beans in cold water 8 hours before cooking. Then drain the liquid, pour 1.5 liters of water and bring to a boil.
  2. Pour dried mushrooms with water 30 minutes before cooking. After swelling, cut into plates and cook in the same liquid.
  3. After boiling the beans, remove the foam with a slotted spoon, add salt and spicy spice, reduce the heat. After 15 minutes, add finely chopped vegetables to the soup.
  4. When the beans are ready, add half a serving of boiled mushrooms to it. The second half must be sautéed with butter, but not combined with the rest of the ingredients.
  5. Remove the cloves and puree the soup with a blender until smooth. Fried mushrooms, cream and greens will decorate the dish.

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21.02.2020


The importance of diet therapy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Many underestimate the importance of proper nutrition in the complex treatment of any disease. In the case of diabetes mellitus, especially type 2, this should not be disputed at all. Indeed, it is based on a metabolic disorder, which is primarily caused by malnutrition.

Therefore, it is safe to say that in some cases of this disease, diet therapy may be the only correct method of treatment.

The diet for diabetes mellitus should be aimed at reducing carbohydrates in the diet, which are quickly absorbed, as well as fats, which are easily converted into carbohydrate components or compounds that aggravate the course of diabetes and its complications. If these basic conditions are met, this will partially or completely normalize metabolic processes and blood glucose levels. So it will be eliminated, which is the main pathogenetic link in the development of manifestations of diabetes mellitus.

What do people with diabetes eat?

The very first interest of most diabetic patients is to ask the doctor about foods that can be consumed daily. It is necessary to focus on vegetables, fruits, meat and dairy products. After all, if you exclude the use of glucose as the main source of fast energy, this will lead to a rapid depletion of the natural reserves of the body's energy substances (glycogen) and protein breakdown. To prevent this from happening in the diet, there should be a sufficient amount of protein food, vitamins and trace elements.

Beans for diabetes

Refers to one of the most powerful sources of these substances. Therefore, the main emphasis should be placed on it as the main donor of protein and amino acid components. It is especially worth noting the healing properties of white. Many diabetics are very indifferent to it, because they do not know how many interesting dishes can be prepared from this product. They will be not only useful, but also tasty. The only restriction for the use of beans can be considered its ability to powerful gas formation in the intestines. Therefore, if a person has a similar tendency, it is better to use beans as a nutritious product in a limited way or combine them with the intake of enzyme preparations, which will almost completely eliminate gas formation.

With regard to the amino acid composition of beans, its most valuable components are tryptophan, valine, methionine, lysine, threonine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine. Some of these amino acids are essential (those that are not synthesized in the body and must be supplied with food). Among the trace elements, the main importance belongs to vitamins C, B, PP, zinc, potassium, phosphorus and iron. All of them are very important for the normal functioning of the body in conditions of high blood glucose levels. Beans also have a positive effect on carbohydrate metabolism, since these compounds are mainly represented by fructose and sucrose.

Porridge for diabetes

The densest place in the diet of a diabetic belongs to buckwheat. It is consumed in the form of milk porridge or as a component of the second course. The peculiarity of buckwheat is that it has practically no effect on carbohydrate metabolism, since it maintains the level of glucose at a constant level, and does not cause it to rise abruptly, as happens with the use of most products.

Other cereals that are recommended for diabetes are oatmeal, wheat, corn and pearl barley. In addition to the richest vitamin composition, they are very easily digested and processed by digestive enzymes. As a result, a positive effect on carbohydrate metabolism with the normalization of glycemic levels. In addition, they are a good energy substrate and an indispensable source of ATP for cells.

What fruits can be eaten with diabetes?


This group of foods in diabetes should have a special place. After all, it is in fruits that the most fiber, vital vitamins and minerals are concentrated. Their concentration is several times higher than that in other foods. Carbohydrates are represented mainly by fructose and sucrose, they practically do not contain glucose.

With regard to specific fruits that are recommended for diabetes, it is worth pointing out the special value of only a few of them. After all, not everything is allowed to be consumed. The favorite fruits of diabetics include apples and peaches, dried fruits (dried apricots, prunes, dried apples), berries (, all kinds,). and sweet melon contain slightly more carbohydrate components, so should be consumed in moderation.

Tangerines, grapefruit and lemon

Here is the set of fruits that should be the main focus of every diabetic.

Firstly, they are all very rich in vitamin C. This compound is one of the most important in the functioning of enzyme systems and strengthening the vascular wall.

Secondly, all citrus fruits are very low. This means that the content of carbohydrate components in them, which affect blood glucose levels, is very small.

Their third advantage is the presence of the strongest antioxidant abilities, which prevents the negative effect of hyperglycemia on the cells of the body, slowing down the progression of complications of diabetes.

Regarding tangerines, there are small remarks for their consumption. First of all, the fruits must be fresh. They are used raw or fresh is prepared from them. It is better not to buy juices, especially in regular stores, as they contain sugar and other carbohydrate components that can increase glycemic levels. Lemon and grapefruit are also consumed as a separate product or freshly squeezed juice, which is added to water or other foods.

What can not be eaten with diabetes?

The most important thing that every diabetic should remember is what he should not eat as a food product. It is better not to use those that are not known to be safe. Otherwise, such actions can lead to the development of hyperglycemia with the transition to hyperglycemic and other types of coma, or accelerate the progression of complications of diabetes. The list of prohibited foodstuffs is clearly shown in the form of a table.


Is it possible to honey, dates and coffee with diabetes?


These foods are among the favorites of many people. Naturally, with the development of diabetes, it is very difficult to give up those irreplaceable "life partners" that accompanied a person on a daily basis. Therefore, it is very important to shed light on the true impact of coffee, honey and dates on the course of diabetes.

Honey

First of all, it is worth dwelling on the role of honey in carbohydrate metabolism and its effect on glucose levels. A lot of contradictory and ambiguous data is published in various publications and articles. But it is worth noting the main points from which logical conclusions will follow. By itself, honey contains a very large amount of fructose. This carbohydrate component does not have the ability to greatly affect glucose levels. It should also be noted that for the absorption and metabolism of fructose, insulin is needed, which in type 2 diabetes is not able to fully fulfill its main function. This can lead to an increase in glycemia in diabetics, which is not characteristic of a healthy person.

Based on the above data, we can draw the following conclusions about honey in diabetes:

    Honey can and should be consumed daily;

    The daily amount of this food product should not exceed 1-2 tablespoons;

    It is best to consume honey in the morning on an empty stomach with a glass of water. This will promote its conversion into glycogen, which will become the main source of energy and nutrients for the body for the whole day.

Dates

Dates are another controversial food for a diabetic diet. On the one hand, the high content of easily digestible carbohydrates and the high calorie content of this food product should cause a strict refusal to use them. On the other hand, a rich vitamin composition, especially vitamin A and potassium, are very important for preventing diabetic complications.

Therefore, in relation to dates, the following recommendations can be made:

    You should not use them at all for diabetics with a severe course of this disease;

    With a mild course of diabetes or its good adjustment with a diet and tableted hypoglycemic drugs, a limited number of dates is allowed;

    The daily number of fruits in the case of permitted intake should not exceed 100 grams.

Coffee

Its useful properties no one can dispute. But we must not forget about its harm. It is better to give up coffee with diabetes at any stage of the development of this disease. First of all, this applies to a strong drink or any concentration of it in severe diabetes during insulin therapy.

And although coffee practically does not directly affect carbohydrate metabolism, it stimulates the vasomotor center and has a direct relaxing effect on the vascular wall, which leads to the expansion of the vessels of the heart, skeletal muscles and kidneys, while the tone of the cerebral arteries increases (causes a narrowing of the vessels of the brain, which accompanied by a decrease in cerebral blood flow and oxygen pressure in the brain). The use of weak coffee in a small amount of great harm to the body with moderate diabetes will not bring.

Nuts for diabetes


There are foods that are literally a concentrator of certain nutrients. Nuts are one of them. They contain fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D-3, calcium and a lot of potassium. In the treatment of diabetes, these substances occupy a special place, as they directly affect carbohydrate metabolism, reducing the level of glycemia.

In addition, under their action, the damaged cells of the internal organs are restored, which stops the progression of complications of diabetes. Therefore, any nuts are vital foods for diabetes. It is advisable to consider the influence of certain types of nuts on this disease.

Walnut

It is an essential nutrient for the brain, which is deficient in energy compounds in diabetes. After all, glucose, which is the main source of energy for brain cells, does not enter them.

Walnut is enriched with alpha-linolenic acid, manganese and zinc. These trace elements play a major role in lowering blood sugar levels. Essential fatty acids slow down the progression of diabetic angiopathy of internal organs and atherosclerotic lesions of the lower extremities.

A meager carbohydrate composition in general should close all questions about the advisability of eating walnuts in diabetes. You can eat them as an independent dish, or include them in various vegetable and fruit salads.

Peanut

This nut is distinguished by a particularly concentrated amino acid composition. However, it is known that vegetable proteins are characterized by an insufficient content of essential amino acids, and especially lysine, threonine and tryptophan, which makes them insufficiently complete to ensure the synthesis of the body's own proteins. The only exceptions are the proteins of legumes and algae, where these amino acids are still present.

Therefore, the use of peanuts in diabetes can partially fill the body's daily need for proteins and amino acids. The proteins contained in peanuts are quickly included in metabolic processes and are used for the synthesis of high-density glycoproteins in the liver. They remove from the vessels and contribute to its decay.

Almond

It is literally the champion in calcium content among all nuts. Therefore, it is indicated for progressive diabetic osteoarthropathy (bone damage and). The use of 9-12 almonds per day will bring various microelements to the body, which have a beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism and the course of diabetes in general.

Pine nuts

Another interesting product for a diabetic diet. First, they have very interesting taste qualities. In addition to this, they have very useful properties due to the high content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, vitamins B and D, ascorbic acid.

*When a food is assigned a low glycemic index, it means that when it is consumed, blood sugar levels rise slowly. The higher the glycemic index, the faster the rise in blood sugar after eating the food, and the higher the immediate blood sugar level after eating the food.

Therefore, all high GI foods should be excluded from the diet! The only exceptions are those products that, in addition to influencing carbohydrate metabolism, have good healing properties in the treatment of complications of diabetes. In this case, despite the glycemic index, which is slightly above average, their use is not prohibited, but only limited. At the same time, it is advisable to reduce the overall glycemic index of the diet at the expense of other, less important foods.


According to the generally accepted classification of the glycemic index, it can be divided into the following types:

    Low - the indicator is from 10 to 40 units;

    Medium - fluctuation of numbers from 41 to 70 units;

    High - the index numbers are above 70 units.

Thus, thanks to the glycemic index, you do not need to deal with nutritionists and endocrinologists for a long time to select the right nutrition. Now each diabetic, with the help of specially designed tables, which indicate the glycemic index of each food product, is able to choose the diet that suits him specifically. This will take into account not only the benefits for the body, but also the desire of the patient to eat a particular food product at a certain moment.

A person himself can regulate his diet, taking into account the indicators of the glycemic index and the increase in blood glucose levels against the background of their use. After all, diabetes is not a disease of one day, but of a lifetime. You need to be able to adapt to it, primarily through the correct selection of dietary nutrition.

Table (list) of products with a high and low glycemic index

Foods with a low glycemic index

Foods with an average glycemic index

Foods with a high glycemic index


Diet number 9 for diabetes

The basic diet for type 2 diabetes is. The main purpose of its appointment is the correction of carbohydrate metabolism, the prevention of deviations in lipid and protein metabolism in the body against the background of elevated glucose levels.

The general characteristics of diet number 9 look like this:

    Reducing the calorie content of food by reducing carbohydrates and lipids (fats) of animal origin;

    Exclusion of sweets and sugar as the main sources of easily digestible carbohydrates;

    Limiting the use of kitchen salt and spices;

    Preference for boiled and stewed dishes instead of fried and smoked ones;

    Dishes should not be too hot or cold;

    Fractional and most importantly regular meals at the same time;

    Use of sweeteners: sorbitol and xylitol;

    Moderate fluid intake (daily amount 1300-1600 ml);

    A clear use of permitted foods and the exclusion of prohibited foods based on their glycemic index.

Recipes for diabetes

In fact, there are so many of them that a separate book is needed to describe them. But some of them can be stopped in the framework of the introductory article.



In fact, there is no need to resort to any standardized dishes. After all, you can invent them yourself. The main thing is that they are prepared from approved food products.

Approximate weekly menu for diabetes

Education: Diploma of the Russian State Medical University N. I. Pirogov, specialty "Medicine" (2004). Residency at the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, diploma in Endocrinology (2006).


In addition to treating the underlying disease - type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is very important for patients to protect small and large vessels that the disease can affect.

This threatens with quite serious chronic complications: diseases of the cardiovascular system, eyes, kidneys and other organs. Only under one condition can you cope with this task - it is necessary to normalize fat and carbohydrate metabolism, that is, nutrition in diabetes should meet all the needs of the patient.

Therefore, without following a diet, quality treatment of type 2 diabetes is simply unthinkable. Moreover, it does not depend on whether the patient takes hypoglycemic drugs or does without them, such a diet is mandatory for diabetics.

Basic principles of the diet

Often type 2 diabetes is accompanied by obesity, so the very first steps should be dietary adjustments, and proper nutrition in diabetes takes all this into account.

They should be aimed at reducing excess weight, especially for abdominal obesity.

Such a patient should lose weight by at least 6 kg, and ideally by 10% of the total body weight and never return to the previous weight, this is how the diet works, and its basic principles.

If the patient's body weight does not exceed the permissible norms, the energy value of the food he eats must comply with physiological nutritional standards, which take into account the age, gender and physical activity of the patient.

Special care must be taken with the quantitative composition of fats, and products for type 2 diabetes should take this into account.

Type 2 diabetes is known to be more likely to develop:

  1. atherosclerosis of large and small vessels;
  2. ischemic heart disease;
  3. cerebrovascular diseases (destroying the vessels of the brain).

That is why the diet for diabetes should have an anti-atherosclerotic focus.

It is necessary to sharply limit the consumption of fats, because they are rich in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. As studies in recent years have shown, such nutrition in diabetes reduces the sensitivity of cells to insulin.

How much fat is acceptable in food and does not lead to obesity

A healthy person who is not overweight and active enough throughout the day can afford to consume 1 gram of fat per 1 kilogram of his own weight with different foods. To calculate your ideal weight, subtract 100 from your height in centimeters.

If the patient's height is 170 cm, then his ideal weight should be 70 kilograms, and subject to good physical activity, such a person is allowed to eat up to 70 grams of fat per day.

For example:

  • 1 tbsp is enough to prepare a fried dish. tablespoons of vegetable oil, which contains 15 gr. fat;
  • in 50 gr. chocolates is 15-18 gr. fat;
  • 1 cup 20% sour cream - 40 gr. fat.

If obesity is already present, then the amount of fat consumed per 1 kg. body weight should be reduced.

Even such a slight, but regular abstinence in the end will be beneficial. Moreover, with daily small restrictions, the effect will be more stable than from drastic weight loss using fashion recommendations, nutrition for diabetes should be rational.

To make it easier to keep track, you can use the table of products containing a large amount of fat.

What foods should be excluded from your diet

Contains a lot of fat

  1. in mayonnaise and sour cream;
  2. in sausages and any sausage products;
  3. in lamb and pork;
  4. in fatty cheeses, these are almost all yellow cheeses;
  5. in fatty dairy products.

But no less important is the way of culinary processing of products, the diet always emphasizes this. Fat and fat must be removed from meat, skin should be removed from bird carcasses, if possible, fried dishes should be excluded, replacing them with baked, boiled, steamed, stewed in their own juice.

It is recommended to exclude from the diet products containing a large amount of trans fats. Recent medical studies have shown that an excess amount of trans fats in the body disrupts the normal functioning of the immune system, and this leads to rapid weight gain and the development of cancer.

Foods that are high in trans fats to avoid from your diet include:

  1. margarine;
  2. low-quality butter substitutes;
  3. oil and fat products from vegetable fat - spreads;
  4. cocoa butter substitutes - confectionery fats;
  5. any fast food (hamburger, hot dog, french fries, etc.);
  6. popcorn.

It is very important that a sufficient amount of plant products (fruits and vegetables) be present in the diet. Scientists have found that if one serving of food for 2/3 consists of plant foods, and the rest is proteins (fish or meat), then the risk of developing cancer is significantly reduced, and the diet should take this into account.

For patients suffering from diabetes, it is very useful to use fructose products in the diet, including sweets.

However, regular consumption of fructose can lead to obesity. This happens because the body loses resistance to leptin, a hormone that regulates appetite.

This fact, combined with a high-calorie diet, can cause obesity. Therefore, overweight patients are not recommended to consume fructose products.

Quality carbohydrates

Since carbohydrates are considered the only resource capable of raising blood sugar levels, their amount in the diet (in the absence of obesity in the patient) should be sufficient, the diet takes this into account.

The modern diet for type 2 diabetes, which includes nutritional correction, refutes the recommendations that took place in the past: without exception, all patients with type 2 diabetes were advised by doctors to consume as little carbohydrates as possible. It turns out that the qualitative composition of carbohydrates is of great importance.

Sugar and foods that contain this element, the diet of diabetics completely excludes:

  • jam;
  • marshmallow;
  • marmalade;
  • chocolate;
  • caramel.

All this is possible for a diabetic only to a minimum, but these products can be completely replaced with those that have a large amount of dietary fiber and a low glycemic index. These include most fruits, vegetables, berries, legumes, nuts, some cereals, wholemeal baked goods, and other foods.

Food pyramid and diet for diabetes

What should a person eat to maintain his body?

This question is answered by the food pyramid, which is equally acceptable for both healthy people and type 2 diabetics.

This pyramid clearly explains how many servings can be eaten from each food group.

At its top are foods that you can eat, but rarely:

  1. Alcohol, fats, vegetable oils, sweets.
  2. Liquid dairy products, milk, chicken, meat, fish, nuts, eggs, legumes. All this can be done in 2-3 servings.
  3. Fruits - 2-4 servings, vegetables - 3-5 servings.
  4. At the base of the pyramid are bread and cereals, they can be consumed 6-11 servings.

For example, 30 g of sugar contains 115 kcal. The same exact calorie content, but more healthy carbohydrates can be obtained by eating about 35 g of pasta or 50 g of rye bread. Each person who has mastered the principle of the pyramid can build his own diet.

Features of nutrition in accordance with therapy

The patient should eat regularly, at least 5-6 times a day, but portions should be small. After filling the plate with food, you should leave only half on it, and put the rest back or leave it for later.

Much attention should be paid to controlling the amount of fat and blood sugar. The patient must have full knowledge in order to recognize and prevent the development of hypoglycemia in time, for example, when drinking alcohol or during physical exertion.

If a patient with type 2 diabetes is on intensive insulin therapy, he needs to adhere to the same nutritional conditions as for type 1 diabetes:

  1. strict regime;
  2. distribution of carbohydrates per reception;
  3. counting "bread units".

In the treatment of hypoglycemic drugs

Although hypoglycemia occurs much less frequently with this treatment than with insulin injections, one should be aware of the interaction of hypoglycemic drugs with food.

And your diet must be built based on the food pyramid system.

The hypoglycemic drugs, due to the use of which hypoglycemia may occur with a high probability, primarily include glinides and sulfonylurea preparations:

  • repaglinide;
  • nateglinide;
  • glimepiride;
  • gliclazide;
  • glibenclamide.

The main mechanism of action of these drugs is to stimulate beta cells to produce insulin. The higher the dose and the stronger the drug, the stronger the stimulation, and, therefore, the higher the release of insulin into the blood.

Therefore, if the patient is prescribed these drugs, he must eat regularly. Otherwise, a large amount of insulin can greatly reduce blood sugar levels.

Food Processing Methods for Diabetic Patients

For diabetics it is preferable:

  1. Cooking in vegetable broth, on water, in other liquids.
  2. It is used to process products that have a delicate juicy texture: vegetables, fish, dumplings.
  3. Steam cooking.
  4. Cooking followed by baking in the oven.
  5. Quenching, but it is used much less frequently.

Cooking food "by eye" is undesirable. To be able to take into account the amount of carbohydrates eaten, it is recommended to use household scales, measuring utensils and food composition tables. One such table, as an example, is presented here.

Table of food groups depending on the content of carbohydrates

Products made from puff and pastry, milk soups with noodles, rice, semolina, fatty strong broths, fatty fish, canned food, most sausages, smoked meats, fatty meats and poultry, cream.
Sweet cottage cheese curds, salty cheeses, caviar, canned food in oil, salted fish, as well as:

Pasta, semolina, rice.

All cooking and animal fats.

Salty and spicy sauces.

Pickled and salted vegetables.

Sweet dishes: sugar lemonade, sweet juices, ice cream, sweets, jam, sugar.

Sweet fruits: dates, figs, bananas, raisins, grapes.

flour

Flour products and bread: wheat 2 grades, bran, rye (about 300 g per day).

By reducing the amount of bread, unsweetened and inedible flour products.

Soups

Vegetable: meat and vegetable okroshka, beetroot, borscht, cabbage soup.

Weak low-fat: fish, meat, mushroom, vegetable, potato with meatballs, cereals (oatmeal, pearl barley, millet, barley, buckwheat). Borscht and sorrel soups for obesity and diabetes are simply irreplaceable.

Oatmeal and buckwheat are very useful, they contain a large amount of dietary natural fiber, in addition, they are minimally converted into fats.

Meat products

Cut veal, lean beef, lean lamb and pork, rabbit.

Turkey, chickens stewed, boiled or fried after cooking, in pieces or chopped.

In limited quantities, liver, boiled tongue, dietary sausage.

A fish

Only its low-fat varieties in baked, boiled, less often fried form: silver hake, navaga, perch, bream, cod, pike perch. Canned fish in tomato or own juice.

Dairy products

  1. Dairy drinks.
  2. Milk.
  3. Bold and low-fat cottage cheese and dishes from it: lazy dumplings, soufflés, casseroles.
  4. Low-fat, unsalted cheese.

Sour cream should be limited.

Eggs, cereals, fats

Yolks should be limited, 1-1.5 soft-boiled eggs per day are allowed.

Cereals can be consumed within the normal range of carbohydrates, it is recommended:

  • buckwheat;
  • millet;
  • barley;
  • oat;
  • barley.

From cooking fats + to meals (at least 40 grams per day):

  • vegetable oils: sunflower, olive, corn.
  • melted butter without salt.

Vegetables

Vegetables such as: potatoes, green peas, beets and carrots should be consumed with carbohydrates in mind.

  • spinach;
  • eggplant;
  • tomatoes;
  • cucumbers;
  • salad;
  • pumpkin;
  • zucchini;
  • cabbage.

As a low-carb product, lettuce can stand out. All in all,

When blood sugar is regularly elevated, it is necessary to radically change the nutrition system. For type 2 diabetics, the diet will serve as the main therapy and in old age will save a person from the negative consequences of a "sweet" disease. Often, a person encounters this type of diabetes after the age of 40, and then the question arises - what to eat with diabetes? First you need to know the principle of choosing products.

There is a special table of products with a low glycemic index (GI), which do not affect the increase in blood glucose concentration. The GI measures how quickly glucose enters the body from eating a food or drink. The list of products allowed in the patient's menu is extensive, which allows you to prepare a variety of delicious dishes every day.

Since diet therapy plays an important role in the life of a diabetic, you should thoroughly study the information about what to eat with type 2 diabetes, the list of allowed and prohibited foods, which menu will help reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood.

Glycemic index of foods

If you have diabetes, you need to eat foods with a glycemic index of up to 49 units inclusive. It is these products that should be included in the daily menu of the patient. Food and drinks, whose index ranges from 50 to 69 units, are allowed in the diet up to three times a week, and not more than 150 grams. However, if the disease is in the acute stage, then they will need to be excluded until the state of human health stabilizes.

It is strictly forbidden to eat foods with diabetes mellitus 2 with a high glycemic index, from 70 units and above. They dramatically increase blood sugar, provoking the development of hyperglycemia and other dangerous complications in various body functions.

In some cases, the GI may increase. For example, during heat treatment, carrots and beets lose their fiber, and their index increases to a high one, but when fresh, they have an index of 15 units. It is contraindicated for diabetics to drink fruit and berry juices and nectars, even if they had a low index when fresh. The fact is that with this method of processing, fruits and berries lose fiber, and glucose enters the bloodstream very quickly. Just 100 milliliters of juice can increase performance by 4 mmol / l.

But GI is not the only criterion for choosing products on the patient's menu. So, you need to pay attention to:

  • glycemic index of products;
  • caloric content;
  • content of nutrients.

The choice of products for diabetes according to this principle promises the patient to reduce the disease to “no” and protect the body from the negative effects of endocrine system failure.

Choice of cereals

Sugar level

Cereals are healthy products that saturate the body with a vitamin-mineral complex and give a feeling of satiety for a long time, due to the presence of complexly digested carbohydrates. However, not all cereals can benefit a diabetic.

You also need to know how to cook them properly. First, the thicker the porridge, the higher its glycemic value. But it rises by only a few units from the declared indicator in the table.

Secondly, it is better to eat porridge with diabetes without butter, replacing it with olive oil. If milk cereals are being prepared, then the ratio of water and milk is taken one to one. This will not affect the taste in any way, but the calorie content of the finished dish will decrease.

The list of varieties of croup acceptable for SD:

  1. barley grits;
  2. pearl barley;
  3. buckwheat;
  4. bulgur;
  5. spelt;
  6. wheat porridge;
  7. oatmeal;
  8. brown (brown), red, wild and basmati rice.

Corn porridge (mamaliga), semolina, white rice will have to be abandoned. These grains have a high GI and can cause an increase in blood glucose.

Pearl barley has the lowest index, about 22 units.

The varieties of rice listed in the list have an index of 50 units, while they are much healthier than white rice due to the fact that such a cereal contains a grain shell rich in dietary fiber and minerals.

Meat, fish, seafood

These products for diabetes are important due to the content of easily digestible animal proteins. They give the body energy, contribute to the formation of muscle mass and are involved in the interaction of insulin and glucose.

Patients eat lean meats and fish, after removing the remnants of fat and skin from them. Seafood should be eaten at least twice a week - there are no restrictions on their choice.

For the preparation of broths, it is better not to use meat, but to add it already ready to the dish. If, nevertheless, soups are prepared on meat broth, then only on a lean second, that is, after the first boil of the meat, the water is drained and already on the second the process of preparing the soup begins.

The permitted types of meat include the following:

  • chicken;
  • quail;
  • turkey;
  • beef;
  • rabbit meat
  • veal;
  • venison.

Meat products excluded from the diet of patients with diabetes mellitus:

  1. pork;
  2. duck;
  3. mutton;
  4. nutria.

An adult with a "sweet" disease needs to fully saturate the body with iron, which is responsible for the process of hematopoiesis. This element is found in large quantities in by-products (liver, heart), which are not prohibited in diabetes.

In type 2 diabetes, the body receives less vital vitamins and minerals due to metabolic failures. Fish will help you get saturated with phosphorus and fatty acids.

It is boiled, baked, used for cooking first courses and salads. Although endocrinologists insist on choosing lean varieties, fatty fish is occasionally allowed on the menu, as it is rich in fatty acids, therefore it is indispensable for women's health.

  1. limonella;
  2. perch;
  3. pollock;
  4. Pike;
  5. flounder;
  6. cod;
  7. saithe;
  8. mackerel;
  9. zander.

It is useful to eat boiled seafood at least once a week - shrimp, mussels, squid.

Vegetables

What to feed a diabetic is not an easy question, but patients need to know for sure that vegetables should take up to 50% of the total amount of food. They have a large amount of fiber, which slows down the absorption of glucose.

You need to eat vegetables for breakfast, lunch and dinner, fresh, salted and thermally processed. It is better to choose seasonal products, they contain vitamins to a greater extent. With diabetes, the table of vegetables with a low index is extensive and this allows you to cook many delicious dishes - salads, side dishes, stews, casseroles, ratatouille and many others.

What is forbidden to eat with diabetes is pumpkin, corn, boiled carrots, celery and beets, potatoes. Unfortunately, the favorite potato is unacceptable for a diabetic diet due to an index of 85 units. To reduce this indicator, there is one trick - cut the peeled tubers into pieces and soak in cool water for at least three hours.

List of allowed products:

  • zucchini, eggplant, patisson;
  • leeks, onions, purple onions;
  • all varieties of cabbage - white, red, Chinese, Beijing, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kohlrabi;
  • legumes - peas, beans, asparagus, chickpeas;
  • garlic;
  • green, red, Bulgarian and chili peppers;
  • any varieties of mushrooms - oyster mushrooms, boletus, chanterelles, champignons;
  • radish, Jerusalem artichoke;
  • a tomato;
  • cucumber.

You can add herbs to food, their index is not higher than 15 units - parsley, dill, basil, cilantro, lettuce, oregano.

Fruits and berries

What to feed those with type 2 diabetes for dessert? Fruits and berries will help solve this issue. They are used to prepare the most healthy natural desserts without sugar - marmalade, jelly, jam, candied fruits and much more.

Patients with diabetes must be fed daily with fruits, they will increase immunity, help normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract. But with this type of product, be careful, because with their increased consumption, blood glucose can rise.

In type 2 diabetes, a number of berries and fruits should be excluded due to their high GI. It is also necessary to know how many times, and in what quantity, these products are allowed to be taken. The daily norm will be up to 250 grams, it is better to plan a meal in the morning.

A complete list of "safe" foods for diabetes:

  1. apples, pears;
  2. blueberry, blackberry, mulberry, pomegranate;
  3. red, black currant;
  4. strawberries, strawberries, raspberries;
  5. Cherry;
  6. plum;
  7. apricot, nectarine, peaches;
  8. gooseberry;
  9. all types of citrus fruits - lemon, orange, tangerines, grapefruit, pomelo;
  10. rosehip, juniper.

What foods cause an increase in blood glucose:

  • watermelon;
  • melon;
  • persimmon;
  • banana;
  • a pineapple;
  • kiwi.

All allowed and prohibited foods for diabetes of any type are described above.

Healthy Recipes

These recipes for diabetics with the first and second type can be prepared daily. All dishes consist of products with low GI, which made it possible to use them in diet therapy.

The most common question is if diabetes is what to eat for snacks, because food should be low-calorie and at the same time, satisfy the feeling of hunger. Usually, they eat vegetable or fruit salads, sour-milk products, sandwiches from dietary bread for an afternoon snack.

It also happens that there is no time to fully eat all day, then high-calorie, but at the same time low GI nuts - cashews, hazelnuts, pistachios, peanuts, walnuts and pine nuts will come to the rescue. Their daily norm will be up to 50 grams.

Salads that reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood can be prepared from Jerusalem artichoke (earth pear). For the salad "summer mood" you will need the following ingredients:

  1. two Jerusalem artichokes, about 150 grams;
  2. one cucumber;
  3. one carrot;
  4. daikon - 100 grams;
  5. a few sprigs of parsley and dill;
  6. olive oil for salad dressing.

Rinse Jerusalem artichoke under running water and rub with a sponge to remove the peel. Cucumber and Jerusalem artichoke cut into strips, carrots, rub the daikon like Korean carrots, mix all the ingredients, salt and season with oil.

Having made such a salad once, it will forever become a favorite dish of the whole family.

Menu

Back in Soviet times, endocrinologists developed a special diet therapy for diabetes mellitus, it was followed by people prone to high blood glucose and already suffering from type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Below is an indicative menu for diabetes, which should have a beneficial effect on the course of the disease. Vitamins and minerals, proteins of animal origin play an important role in protecting the endocrine system. All these criteria are taken into account when compiling the menu.

Also, these diets are suitable for those whose non-insulin-dependent type of diabetes was caused by the presence of overweight. If the patient still feels hungry, then you can expand the menu with light snacks (food attachments), for example, 50 grams of nuts or seeds, 100 grams of tofu cheese, tea with diet bread will be a good option.

First day:

  • for breakfast, serve a slice of rye bread, coffee with cream.
  • snack - tea, two dietary loaves, 100 grams of tofu;
  • lunch - pea soup, boiled chicken, pearl barley, cucumber, oatmeal jelly;
  • snack - two dietary loaves, 50 grams of slightly salted red fish, coffee with cream;
  • dinner - milk oatmeal with dried apricots, 150 grams of cherries.

Second day:

  1. breakfast - stewed cabbage, liver cutlet, tea;
  2. snack - fruit salad (apple, strawberry, orange, pomegranate), serving will be 200 - 250 grams;
  3. lunch - soup with wheat groats, durum wheat pasta casserole with chicken, tomato, coffee with cream;
  4. snack - 50 grams of walnuts, one apple;
  5. dinner - steamed limonella, buckwheat, tea.

Third day:

  • breakfast - seafood and vegetable salad, a slice of rye bread, tea;
  • snack - 200 grams of any fruit, 100 grams of fat-free cottage cheese;
  • lunch - borsch on tomato without beets, basmati rice pilaf, herbal decoction;
  • snack - vegetable salad with Jerusalem artichoke, coffee with cream;
  • dinner - an omelette with vegetables, a slice of rye bread, tea.

Fourth day:

  1. breakfast - barley porridge, boiled beef, cabbage salad, tea;
  2. snack - 150 grams of cottage cheese, pear;
  3. lunch - hodgepodge, vegetable stew, turkey cutlets, a slice of rye bread, tea;
  4. snack - an apple, two fructose cookies, coffee with cream;
  5. dinner - milk oatmeal with prunes and dried apricots, a handful of cashews or other nuts, tea.

In order to bring blood sugar back to normal, in addition to the nutrition properly selected by the endocrinologist, take time for any of the types. Regular moderate physical activity perfectly fights high concentrations of glucose in the blood. If there is an exacerbation of the course of the disease, then sports should be agreed with the doctor.

The video in this article provides information on diet #9 for high blood sugar.