What does the coat of arms of Poland mean? Coat of arms of Poland: history and meaning. What do the national symbols of the state look like? Coat of arms of Poland: description, meaning

Almost the same in Minsk and in Moscow and Lvov. They concern the knowledge of history, traditions, religion, state structure. Thus, even by learning just some questions and answers to the Pole card, you will know a lot about. In this article we give questions about the State symbols of Poland.

Give a clear answer to the questions posed, as completely as possible, if you don’t even know the answer or don’t understand - don’t be silent - ask to ask the question again. Try to explain what was taught, but forgot from excitement. If you forgot a Polish word, say it in Belarusian or Ukrainian, if you know))).

Poland (Polska), official name - Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska). Rzeczpospolita is the Poles' interpretation of the name republic. If you (God forbid!) decide to say "Rebublika Polska" - then consider that you offended the Pole, and failed the exam!

Question - Jak wygląda flaga Polski?

The answer is Dwa poziome pasy: czerwony na dole, bialy na gorze.

— What does the flag of Poland look like?

— Two horizontal stripes: red — from below, white — from above.

Such a flag, in accordance with the law, is used by Polish representations abroad, in harbors, at civil airports and airfields, as well as by civil aircraft abroad. In Poland itself, the flag is simply without a coat of arms. By the way, the shade of red on the flag was officially approved by Polish law. It is useful to know that if the flag is turned over, it will already be the flag of Monaco or Indonesia, maybe that's why there is a coat of arms on the flag of Poland abroad?

Question – Jak wygląda godło Polski?

The answer is Bialy orzel na czerwonym tle ze złotą koronę.

What does the coat of arms of Poland look like?

- A white eagle on a red background with a golden crown.

A rare question - how many prongs are on the crown - the answer is 3. The first coat of arms of the Piasts depicted an eagle with a crown of 3 teeth. They may ask which way the eagle is looking. Moreover, the question sounded from the opposite - why is the eagle looking to the left? The answer is short - looks at the right shoulder.

Along with this, it is useful to know the legend of the flag (one might also ask what legends do you know?)

Według popularnej legendy, założyciel państwa Polan, Lech, podczas postoju w okolicach Poznania ujrzał pod wieczór sporych rozmiarów gniazdo na drzewie. Znajdował się w nim biały orzeł z dwoma pisklętami. Gdy Lech przyglądał się mu, orzeł rozpostarł skrzydła na tle nieba czerwonego od zachodzącego słońca. Lech zachwycił się, postanowił tam osiąść, umieścił orła w swym herbie, a miejsce na pamiątkę nazwał Gniezdnem (obecnie Gniezno) od słowa gniazdo.

According to a well-known Polish legend, the founder of the Polyan country, Lech, during a stopover in the vicinity of Poznań, saw a huge nest on a tree in the evening. An eagle with two chicks was sitting in the nest. When Lech looked at the eagle, he spread his wings against the background of the sky red from the setting sun. Lech admired, decided to settle there, placing an eagle on his coat of arms, and called the city Gniezn from the word nest.

Question - Hymn Poland?

The answer is Mazurek Dąbrowskiego.

— Anthem of Poland?

- Dąbrowski's Mazurka.

Hence the derivative question - who is the author of the anthem?

Author Joseph Rufin Wybicki(author Jozef Rufin Wybitsky).

Mazurek Dąbrowskiego - polska pieśń patriotyczna z 1797 roku, od 26 lutego 1927 oficjalny hymn państwowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Pierwotnie hymn nazywany Pieśnią Legionow Polskich we Włoszech

Dąbrowski's Mazurka is a Polish patriotic song from 1797, since February 26, 1927, the official anthem of the Republic of Poland. The anthem was originally called "The Song of the Polish Legions in Italy".

The question may also be asked in the reverse order - what is a mazurkaDombrovsky? The answer is the national anthem of Poland. Or, what is the "Song of the Polish Legions in Italy"?

Mazurek Dabrowskiego (Dąbrowski's Mazurka) — we give it with transcription, so it is easier to learn it for those who are still poorly oriented in Polish.

When you learn it is useful to listen to the national anthem of Poland.

Good to know: W średniowieczu hymnem Polski była "Bogurodzica". Na przestrzeni wiekow XIV-XVIII Bogurodzica w wersji starobialoruskiej Bagarodzitsa pełniła także rolę hymnu państwowego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego.

In the Middle Ages, the anthem of Poland was "The Mother of God", it was also performed before the battles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

By the way, Basya is possible, Dombrovsky's beloved, who in 1806 became his wife. And yet, do not confuse this Dombrovsky (he is the king's nephew!) with Yaroslav Dombrovsky, who fought in the Paris Commune and was one of the organizers of the Sichny Uprising!

Marieth Yuzefov Noah Konopnitskaya in 1908 wrote the poem "The Oath" ( Rota), which is still popular in Poland and has been seriously considered as the national anthem of Poland.

Questions on the Pole's Map with answers about the state symbols of Poland and not only are best "fixed" with such a small cartoon, at the same time you will improve the Polish language.

The coat of arms of Poland is a straight heraldic shield painted red. In the center of the coat of arms is the white eagle of the Piast king. Officially, the emblem is approved in article 28 of the country's Constitution, adopted in 1997. In Poland, there is a legend that tells about the origin of the eagle.

The legend tells of a peasant king named Piast. He was elected from among the simple plowmen of the Polyana tribes. This king laid the foundation for the Piast dynasty, which later adopted the image of a white eagle as its coat of arms.

The royal coat of arms was approved in 1295. The coat of arms of Poland is considered one of the most ancient in the world. Then Przemysl II was elected king. Later, this version of the royal coat of arms became the state one. Throughout history, rulers, kings, dynasties have changed, but the coat of arms has not been changed. It was still depicted as a straight red heraldic shield, in the center of which was placed the image of a white eagle. Her head was turned to the left edge of the heraldic shield. The bird's wings are outstretched. On the head is a royal golden crown. The beak, claws, tongue of the eagle were also traditionally golden in color. Each bird's feather is outlined with a thin black outline.

The modern state emblem of Poland combines the desire of the people of the country for progressive development and innovation, but at the same time it keeps the memory of the past and is intended to remind the Poles of their history. In the 20th century, after the communist party came to power, the coat of arms of the Polish People's Republic was slightly changed. It was still a straight heraldic shield painted red. In its center was also placed the image of a white eagle with a golden beak, tongue and claws, but there was no golden royal crown on her head. In 1989, the coat of arms changed again. The eagle was depicted again with a crown on her head.

Historical coats of arms of Poland

Initially, the eagle was used as an eagle on the coins and seals of Bolesław I. Later, the eagle would become the emblem of the representatives of the Piast dynasty.

Sometimes the eagle was used on seals along with the chase element.

Coat of arms of the Commonwealth from 1569 to 1795

The large coat of arms depicts a shield on which the symbols of Poland and Lithuania are depicted: an eagle and a chase.

Poland is a country with a rich, often warlike past. Its flag and coat of arms are quite simple to implement. But what does the Polish heraldic eagle mean? And why does her flag consist of these colors?

Coat of arms of Poland: description, meaning

The official Polish state includes the flag, coat of arms and anthem. The coat of arms of Poland was approved in 1997. On the red shield is the figure of a white or silver eagle. The shield tapers slightly downwards. On the head is a crown. Its beak and claws are also golden.

The image of an eagle is often used in heraldry; only the lion competes with it. In ancient times, the eagle personified the monarch or deity. Often in Greece, the bird was a symbol of Zeus, and in Rome - Jupiter. According to one version, the figure of an eagle adorns the coat of arms of Poland as a symbol of power and strength.

There is also a more fabulous version of the image of an eagle. It refers to the legends about three brothers: Czech, Lech and Rus - the progenitors of the Slavic peoples. According to one legend, three brothers wandered with their people in search of a place to settle, but then decided to split up. So, brother Rus decided to go to the east, and brother Czech to the west towards Bohemia, until he reached Mount Rzhip. Lech decided to go north. On the way, Lekh met a flyer flying over a nest in an oak tree. The flight of an eagle in the rays of the setting sun delighted Lech so much that he decided to settle in this place, and chose the eagle as a symbol on his coat of arms. He named his city the Nest.

Coat of arms of Poland: photo, history

Everyone likes beautiful and romantic stories, but officially the eagle was not depicted on the Polish coat of arms for a long time. Initially, it was present on the personal badges of Przemysl II in the 13th century, and only after his coronation did the figure of the white eagle become the symbol of the entire state. The silver eagle meant a lot to the Polish people: being an image of not only strength, but also purity, it symbolically opposed the black double-headed German eagle - the sign of the hostile at that time fight.

It changed when it was formed. Then it took the form of a shield, and its composition included the Lithuanian coat of arms. The space of the shield was divided into four parts: a Polish white eagle was placed in the upper left and lower right corners, and a Lithuanian knight on a horse was placed in the upper right and lower left.

In the period from the 18th to the 19th century, due to the frequent change of power, the crown on the bird's head was often absent, and in 1943 it was officially removed. The crown was present only on the coat of arms of the exiled Polish government (supporters of the king).

At the end of the 20th century, a new, democratic path of development began in Poland's politics. In confirmation of this, the type of coat of arms changes again, and the eagle acquires its crown.

Polish flag

A symbol no less important for the Republic of Poland than the coat of arms is the flag. His canvas is divided into two identical horizontal stripes. The upper stripe of the flag is white, which often symbolizes purity, spirituality, purity. On the Polish flag, this color is also the symbol of the eagle depicted on its coat of arms. In the center of the white stripe is a miniature coat of arms. The bottom stripe of the flag is red. Usually it is the color of aggression, militancy, courage and correlates with the image of fire. The red stripe on the flag of Poland, as well as the white one, corresponds to its coat of arms.

In the Middle Ages, on the white stripe of the flag there was an image of a coat of arms with an eagle. Later, another red stripe appeared on the flag at the top. And in the days of Jan Casimir, the flag consisted of four stripes.

The modern look of the flag was officially approved in 1980.

Conclusion

The coat of arms of Poland was often modified, but the figure of a white eagle always remained on it. Recalling the legendary historical past, the eagle personified the purity and strength of the Polish state, supporting the spirit of the people.

Coat of arms of Poland - the official state symbol of the Republic of Poland. The image is a white eagle with golden claws and a beak, wearing a golden crown, on a red background.

The appearance of the coat of arms was approved by the constitution of the Republic of Poland (1997).g.), is described in detail in Article 28.

Polish coat of arms, white eagle on a red background- one of the oldest state symbols of the world. The image of an eagle appeared on the coins of the first Polish king- Boleslav I the Brave (X century). First a symbol of the royal Piast dynasty and Greater Poland - a historical region in the west of Poland in the basin of the Warta River. The official state symbol of the whole country c Přemysl II (1295).

Coat of arms of the first Polish princely and royal Piast dynasty

Coat of arms of the Commonwealth - the Polish-Lithuanian state at the end XVI - XVIII centuries: Polish eagle and Chase - the coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

The state emblem of the Kingdom of Poland - the Polish eagle against the background of the coat of arms of Russia

Coat of arms of the Polish People's Republic (1944 - 1990) - an eagle without a crown

National flag of Poland consists of two equal horizontal stripes, the upper stripe is white and the lower one is red. The aspect ratio of the flag is 5:8 (width:length).

The national flag of Poland also has a coat of arms in the center of the upper stripe.

Initially, in the Middle Ages, a red flag was used with a white eagle depicted on it. The Polish troops of King Vladislav Jogaila fought under such a banner in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410.

Banner of SigismundIII The vase consisted of three stripes (upper and lower - red and white in the middle). Banners of Vladislav IV and Jan II Casimir consisted of four stripes (the first and third from the top are red, the second and fourth from the top are white). On the banners was the state emblem.

During the reign of AugustusII Strong white ribbons began to be attached to the helmets of the Polish uhlans. During the Four Years Diet (1788-1792), red and white ribbons appeared.

The national flag was formally approved by the Sejm on February 7, 1831. Red and white flags and ribbons were used as symbols of national uprisings inXIX century. After the restoration of Poland's independence in 1918, the red and white flag was officially approved by the Seimas on August 1, 1919 as a national flag and has not been changed since then.

The white color on the flag symbolizes the white eagle wings, the red color represents the crimson sunset. The State Emblem of Poland is depicted in the form of a figured shield, on a red background of which is the white eagle of the Piast king. Tradition says that King Piast was a legendary peasant king of the ancient Polan tribes. He was a simple farmer. The people elected him king, and he laid the foundation for the historical Piast dynasty, which had the image of a white eagle as its coat of arms. Thus, the coat of arms of Poland, along with the progressive aspirations of the Polish people, also combines its ancient traditions. In this case, the eagle on the coat of arms is a symbol of ancient folk traditions. The coat of arms without a crown was adopted in 1955, in 1990 the crown was returned to the white eagle.

1956 - 1990
government flag

The flag of Poland consists of two equal horizontal stripes: white and red, which are a reflection of the color of the state emblem - a white eagle on a red field. The aspect ratio (width:length) is 5:8. In accordance with the rules of heraldry, the upper band represents the White Eagle, and the lower band represents the red field of the coat of arms. These colors, according to the symbolism used in heraldry, have a certain meaning.

White is used in heraldry as a representation of silver. It also means water, and in relation to spiritual values, purity and purity. Red is a symbol of fire, and of the virtues it means courage and military prowess.

Initially, the Polish national color was purple, which is a symbol of greatness and wealth, and was considered the noblest of colors. But due to the high price of paint - carmine, obtained from the larvae of the cochineal insect, few could afford it, so purple was used only by the richest nobles and state dignitaries.

The first flags and banners representing the Kingdom of Poland featured a crowned white eagle on a red background. Jan Długosz, describing the preparations for the Battle of Grunwald, writes about “a large flag, on which was skillfully embroidered a white eagle with outstretched wings, an open beak and a crown on its head, as the emblem and coat of arms of the entire Kingdom of Poland.”

Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Both Nations

The colors white and red were first recognized as national on May 3, 1792. During the celebration of the first anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution on May 3, the ladies appeared in white dresses girded with a red ribbon, and the men put on white and red scarves.

The heraldic national colors of Poland come from the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of the Both Nations, which is a red heraldic shield divided into four parts, in which the White Eagle and the white Lithuanian Pursuit are depicted alternately.

For the first time, Polish national colors were codified by a decree of the Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland of February 7, 1831:

“The Senate and the Posolskaya Izba, having heard the conclusions of the Sejm Commission, taking into account the need to introduce a common feature under which the Poles should unite, decided:
Article 1
The national cockade will be the colors of the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, namely the colors white and red.

The coat of arms of Poland is a white single-headed eagle in a golden crown, with golden claws and a beak facing right. The coat of arms is placed on a red field in the form of a shield, slightly tapering towards the bottom.

The white eagle is symbolically displayed in the white upper part of the Polish flag, which consists of two horizontal stripes.

THE LEGEND OF THE EAGLE

According to a popular legend, the founder of the state of Polan, Lech, during his stay in the vicinity of Poznań, saw a large nest in a tree in the evening. It contained a white eagle with two chicks.

As Lech watched him, the eagle spread its wings against a sky red with the setting sun.

Lech was so impressed by what he saw that he decided to settle there, and placed an eagle in his coat of arms, and named the place as a keepsake Gniezno, from the word nest. This story is part of the "Legend of Lech, Czech and Rus".

A less romantic version suggests that the Polans may have adopted the eagle emblem as a symbol of power.

Husarz z 1605 roku na koniu pomalowanym w biało-czerwone barwy narodowe z Białym orłem na tarczy Pieczęć Władysława Łokietka