Electronic nose: scientists have created a compact sensor of smell. Faculty of Chemistry and Biological Sciences. The history of the institution and its rating

The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (German Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Latin Fridericiana (Fridericiana) is the oldest technical institution of higher education in Germany and the fourth in Europe after the Prague, Paris and Vienna technical universities.

The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, briefly called KIT, was created by the merger of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH and the University of Karlsruhe (TH) on 1 October 2009. KIT combines the tasks of the University of Baden-Württemberg with the tasks of the research center of the Helmholtz Association in the fields of research, teaching and innovation.

The merger of KIT represents a consistent continuation of the longstanding close cooperation between two scientific and educational institutions rich in tradition. The University of Karlsruhe was founded in 1825 as the Polytechnic School and has developed a modern seat of study and research in the natural sciences, engineering, economics, social sciences and humanities, which is organized into eleven departments. The Karlsruhe Research Center was founded in 1956 as a company for the construction and operation of a nuclear reactor and has become a multidisciplinary large research center of the Helmholtz Association, which conducts research within eleven scientific and engineering programs.

In 2014/15, KIT focused on a comprehensive strategic process to further develop its corporate strategy. This mission statement as a result of the participatory process was the first element to be included in the strategy process.

More about Karlsruhe Institute of Technology:

The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) combines the tradition of a well-known technical university and a major large research institution in a very unique way. In research and education, KIT takes responsibility for contributing to the sustainable solution of the enormous challenges facing society, industry and the environment. To this end, KIT uses its financial and human resources with maximum efficiency. KIT scientists communicate the content and results of their work to the public.

Engineering sciences, natural sciences, humanities and social sciences form the scope of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. In highly interdisciplinary collaboration, scholars from these disciplines explore topics ranging from fundamentals to applications, and from the development of new technologies to reflecting the relationship between man and technology. To do this in the best possible way, KIT research spans the full spectrum from basic research to near-industry, applied research, and from small research partnerships to long-term, large-scale research projects. Scientific sincerity and striving for excellence are the main principles of our activity.

The worldwide exchange of knowledge, large-scale international research projects, numerous global joint ventures and cultural diversity characterize and enrich life and work at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Academic education at KIT is guided by the principle of science-based learning. Early integration into interdisciplinary research projects and international teams and the opportunity to use unique research facilities provide our students with exceptional development opportunities.

The development of sustainable technologies and their use in industry and society are the cornerstones of the activities of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. KIT supports innovation and entrepreneurial culture in many ways. Moreover, KIT supports a culture of creativity where staff and students have time and space to develop new ideas.

Cooperation between employees, students and members of KIT is characterized by mutual respect and trust. The achievements of each person are highly valued. KIT staff and students are offered equal opportunities regardless of the individual. Family friendship is the main goal of KIT as an employer. KIT supports work-family compatibility. As a consequence, KIT's leadership culture is also characterized by respect and cooperation. Personal responsibility and self-motivation of KIT employees and members are encouraged by transparent and participatory decisions, open communications and various lifelong learning options.

The structure of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology is adapted to its goals in research, education and innovation. It supports flexible, synergistic collaboration across disciplines, organizations, and hierarchies. Efficient services are provided to support KIT employees and members in their work.

Youth is our future. Reliable offers and career opportunities perfectly support young scientists and KIT professionals in their professional and personal development.

Useful information about Karlsruhe Institute of Technology:

General information about:

The cost of studying at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology:

Type: State

Most study programs are free, students pay only a semester fee.

Semester fee: 153.69 EUR
Details and requisites for the transfer of the semester fee:

Karlsruhe

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A type:

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Free education

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Karlsruher Institut für Technologie) is the oldest technical educational institution in Germany. It was founded in 1825 and today deservedly occupies the highest positions in the world rankings. Among the specialties, engineering and technical sciences are considered a priority here, but if you want to study some kind of humanitarian or social field, then this is also possible in Karlsruhe.

Tuition here is free, but there are still some fees to consider:

• administrative fee - 60 euros / semester;
• student union fee - 77.70 euros / semester;
• student fee - 5.99 euros / semester;

In any case, free education in Germany is a unique chance to get a diploma that is valued all over the world. Even taking into account all the fees, in terms of the cost of studying, this university wins among most educational institutions in Europe.

Popularity and connections:

Karlsruhe is extremely popular with students from abroad. With 18,000 students and 3,600 foreign students, this is an amazing figure for Germany. A feature is close long-term ties with other educational institutions: in the Far East, in both parts of America, Eastern and Western Europe.

University structure:

Today the university consists of 120 institutes and 11 faculties. The most popular of them are:

• machine-building;
• economic;
• informatics;
• architectural;
• technological;
• physical;
• mathematical.

At the university, you can enroll in one of the bachelor's, master's or doctoral study programs. At the same time, training takes place not only in German, but also in English, which significantly expands the circle of potential students.

It is worth noting that such faculties as engineering chemistry and computer science appeared in Karlsruhe earlier than in other German universities. At the same time, the quality of education on them is still considered higher than anywhere else in Europe or the world, which provides a huge number of employers who are ready to employ Karlsruhe students.

The university has a computer center, which is recognized as one of the most modern in the world. It is here that the largest nanotechnology research center in Europe is located.

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT) was founded on October 1, 2009 as a result of the merger of the Karlsruhe Research Center and the University of Karlsruhe. The Karlsruhe Center was founded in 1956 as a multidisciplinary research center within 11 scientific and engineering programs, and the University of Karlsruhe has existed since 1825 and is engaged in education in the field of technology, economics, social sciences, humanities and natural sciences.

Infrastructure

The Institute has 2 locations - the northern campus is located in the administrative district of Karlsruhe near the commune of Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, the southern campus is located 10 km from the center of Karlsruhe. In addition, the institute has some buildings in the city of Karlsruhe, Dresden, Garmisch-Partenkirchen and Ulmi.

Reputation

Today, with more than 9,000 employees and an annual budget of approximately 785 million euros, KIT is one of the largest research and educational institutions in the world and has great potential to achieve first place in selected research areas at the international level. The main three strategic areas of the university are research, teaching and innovation. The excellent reputation and international recognition of the university is regularly mentioned in the annual rankings of German universities.

KIT offers more than 80 advanced educational programs in the field of engineering and economics, science and computer science, humanities and social sciences. The university encourages interesting student projects and fresh ideas. Thanks to cooperation with economic organizations and industrial enterprises, many lectures are read by successful employees of such companies.

Successful university students who are also socially active may qualify for scholarships. During the winter semester 2013-2014, 190 scholarships were awarded, funded half by private donors and half by the government.

Employment and internship

The university has a career and internship assistance service that provides qualified assistance to students in finding employment. The university has connections with many international partner companies: 1 & 1, ALTANA, BASF, Kärcher, Freudenberg, Siemens, Zalando, Telefónica, Pilz and others.

• BACHELOR - 6 semesters.

• MASTER - 3 or 4 semesters. Beginning of the winter semester - October, summer semester - April

You need to take care of finding accommodation in Karlsruhe in advance. Most students choose accommodation in hostels or private residential apartments. Due to the fact that dorm rooms are in great demand, especially during the autumn months, students need to apply in advance for the selection and reservation of this type of accommodation.

On average, the cost of housing in Karlsui will cost students €250-€350 per month.

Tuition at the university is free, but there are some fees:

• Administrative fee – €60 per semester;
• Fee to the students' union - € 77.70;
• Student fee - €5.99.

Additionally paid:

• air travel, transfer;
• consular fee;
• insurance;
• accommodation, meals;
• Pencil services.

The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology is one of the largest and most prestigious research and educational institutions in Germany, known worldwide for its high quality research and development work.

KIT was created in 2009 when the University of Karlsruhe ( University of Karlsruhe listen)), founded in 1825 as a public research university, and also known as "fridericiana", merged with the Karlsruhe research center Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, which was originally established as the national center for nuclear research (Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, or chamber) in 1956.

KIT is one of the leading engineering and natural science universities in Europe, ranking sixth in its citation impact. KIT is a member of the TU9 of the German Institutes of Technology e.V. As part of the RECRUITMENT of German Universities Excellence Initiative was accredited with the status of excellence in the field in 2006. In the 2011 performance ranking of scientific papers, Karlsruhe ranks first in Germany and among the top ten universities in Europe in engineering and natural sciences.

in 2015 QS World University Rankings Karlsruhe Institute of Technology reached 93rd in the world rankings in all disciplines and 62nd and 34th in engineering and natural sciences, respectively. in 2013 Taiwan rankings, SET (world ranking 61) remained the best German university in engineering and life sciences, ranking ahead of Aachen (world ranking 89), Technical University of Munich (world ranking 94) and Technical University Dresden ( in the world ranking 108). For the natural sciences, KIT (in the world ranking 51) provided an internal comparison with LMU Munich (in the world ranking 62), the University of Heidelberg (in the world ranking 72) and the Technical University of Munich (in the world ranking 81).

With over 9,000 employees and an annual budget of approximately EUR 785 million, KIT is one of the largest research and educational institutions worldwide and has the potential to achieve a top position in selected research areas internationally. The goal is to transform KIT into an institution of higher research, an excellent scientific education, and a prominent location of academic life, lifelong learning, comprehensive professional development, unrestricted exchange of know-how, and a sustainable innovation culture.

Story

The University of Karlsruhe was founded as polytechnic school, Polytechnic School, on October 7, 1825. He was embossed at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. In 1865, Grand Duke Friedrich I of Baden raised the school's status university, an institution of higher professional education. since 1902 the university was also known as fridericiana in his honor. In 1885, he was declared Institute of Technology, or Institute of Technology, and in 1967 it became university, a full university, which gave it the right to award regular doctorates. She has so far only been allowed to award doctorates in mechanical engineering, identified as doctor. Ing, the right vested in all technical institutes in 1899.

The University of Karlsruhe was one of the leading German institutions in the field of computer science. The Central Computer Laboratory was founded in 1966. The Department of Computer Science was established three years later, along with the first regular course in computer science. On August 2, 1984, the university received Germany's first letter. The Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research) was founded at the university in 1985.

In addition, the university cooperates actively with the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Research Center Karlsruhe), and this relationship was formalized on 6 April 2006 when Prof. Horst Hippler and dr. Dieter Ertmann of the University of Karlsruhe, and Prof. Manfred Popp and Assistant Jur. Sigurd Lettow from Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe was signed a contract for the foundation of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The name was chosen in imitation of the leading technical university in the United States. In February 2008, the merger of the university and the research center in the form of a recruitment was agreed by the state federal governments of Baden-Württemberg and Germany. The required state law was passed on July 8, 2009. KIT was formally established on October 1, 2009.

The main reason for the creation of KIT was to strengthen Karlsruhe's position in the Excellence Initiative, which offered grants of up to 50 million euros per year to elite universities. This goal was not achieved: while the University of Karlsruhe was chosen for the initiative in 2006/2007, KIT failed to secure a place for itself in 2012. It did, however, raise funds from other sources. In 2008, Hans-Werner Hector, co-founder of SAP, raised 200 million euros to support researchers at the institute. (Hector is the only SAP founder who did not graduate from the University of Karlsruhe; he received an honorary doctorate for his support of intellectually gifted children in 2003.)

Scientists from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, have created a new olfactory sensor for use in industry and everyday life. The sensor is able to capture the smell of spoiled food and detect the smell of smoke in the electrical wiring cable in time.

Various sensors, depending on the application, can determine the temperature, measure the speed of movement, pressure, light level and much more. In this way, one mechanism can be equipped with various functions using the built-in sensors. One of the functions for measurement, inaccessible to modern sensors until today, was smell. Scientists at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have taken up the development of a new sensor of smell, the so-called "electronic nose", which will soon be able to equip various devices. An electronic olfactory device called "Kamina", from abbreviations ("Karlsruher Mikronase" - "Karlsruhe micronose") will be available for everyday use and will be able to timely identify odors that threaten human life and health, earlier than the person himself: the smell of smoke and the smell of spoiled products.

Smell sensor: affordable and applicable in everyday life

The human nose consists of an average of more than ten million cells, with a range of up to four hundred different olfactory receptors. Each of the receptors perceives the smell and creates a special model of the intercellular signal. The human brain, perceiving a signal from the outside, defines these signals into different groups of odors. “We took the human nose as an example,” says Dr. Martin Sommer, head of the research project “Smelldect” at the Institute for Microinfrastructure Technology of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. “The analogue of the human nose that we have created also reacts to complex gaseous compounds - that is, smells, and sends a special signal to the sensor, which recognizes this signal as one or another smell.” The goal of the Smelldect project is to create an economical, compact and suitable odor sensor for everyday use.

The size of the "electronic nose" is only a few centimeters. This small device houses all the electronic elements including odor recognition technology. The "nose" consists of a chip with nanoreceivers made of tin dioxide attached to various types of recognition sensors. Chips recognize specific signals depending on the change in the resistance value of the receivers. This indicator depends on the molecules contained in the air surrounding the sensors: when different odors are manifested, the composition of the molecules changes, which makes the odors distinguishable from each other. And if the smell pattern was already programmed into the sensor, the chip will recognize this smell in a matter of seconds.

Smell is changeable

In order to put the whole mechanism into action, scientists focus on a special LED installed in the chip housing and illuminating the nanoreceivers with ultraviolet rays. As a result, the initially very high electrical resistance of tin dioxide drops to such an extent that its slightest changes caused by odor molecules deposited on the surface of the tin dioxide nanoreceiver can be determined with high accuracy. “If the detector has received an odor signal, then the electrical resistance readings continue to decrease. As soon as the smell disappears, the ratios of the electronic parameters again reach their original value and the “nose” is again ready to perceive new smells,” Sommer explains.

The sensor chip can memorize many different odors and can therefore become absolutely versatile in use: for example, in a household for monitoring indoor air quality or as a fire alarm; to determine the degree of freshness of fish or meat during the purchase of products; in quality control, for example, honey or as a nose for a robot. “The difficulty lies in the fact that the range of smells is very variable. For example, a rose smells completely different in sunny weather than in rainy weather,” explains the physicist. “Therefore, our task at the moment is to configure the electronic nose in such a way that it is applicable in various areas of life, but at the same time it is universal.”

Affordable and versatile olfactory sensor

Scientists at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology want to create a super-compact yet affordable olfactory sensor. “Thus, the “electronic nose” can be built into any electronic device in the future in order, for example, to recognize the smell of smoking wiring in time. Or we will integrate it directly into smartphones: then each customer in the grocery store will have their own “electronic nose.” Sommer adds.

At the production stage, the scientific project is supported by JVI-Elektronik and Fire Eater. Both companies already have a super-sensitive fire sensor based on an "electronic nose" called "Smoke Sense", which they developed in 2015 together with the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. It recognizes the smells of smoldering and burning and analyzes the ignited material.