The Paleozoic era (the era of ancient life) is distinguished by several stages of powerful mountain building,. In this era, the Scandinavian mountains, the Urals, Altai, arose. At this time, animal organisms with a solid skeleton appeared. For the first time, vertebrates appeared: fish, amphibians, reptiles. In the Middle Paleozoic, terrestrial vegetation appeared. Arboreal ferns, plum ferns, etc. served as material for the formation of coal deposits.

The Mesozoic era (era of middle life) is also characterized by intense folding. Mountains formed in areas adjacent to. Among animals, reptiles dominated (dinosaurs, proterosaurs, etc.), birds and mammals appeared for the first time. The vegetation consisted of ferns, conifers, angiosperms appeared at the end of the era.

In the Cenozoic era (the era of new life), a modern distribution takes shape, intensive mountain-building movements take place. Mountain ranges are formed on the shores of the Pacific Ocean, in the south of Europe and Asia (Coast Ranges, etc.). At the beginning of the Cenozoic era, the climate was much warmer than today. However, the increase in land area due to the uplift of the continents led to a cooling. Extensive covers appeared in the north and. This led to significant changes in the flora and fauna. Many animals died out. Plants and animals that were close to modern ones appeared. At the end of this era, a man appeared and began to intensively populate the land.

The first three billion years of the Earth's development led to the formation of land. According to scientists, at first there was one continent on Earth, which later split into two, and then there was another division, and as a result, five continents have been formed to date.

The last billion years of Earth's history has been associated with the formation of folded regions. At the same time, several tectonic cycles (epochs) are distinguished in the geological history of the last billion years: Baikal (end of Proterozoic), Caledonian (early Paleozoic), Hercynian (late Paleozoic), Mesozoic (Mesozoic), Cenozoic or Alpine cycle (from 100 million years to present tense).
As a result of all the above processes, the Earth has acquired a modern structure.

The origin of life on Earth took place about 3.8 billion years ago, when the formation of the earth's crust ended. Scientists have found that the first living organisms appeared in the aquatic environment, and only a billion years later the first creatures came to the surface of the land.

The formation of terrestrial flora was facilitated by the formation of organs and tissues in plants, the ability to reproduce by spores. Animals also evolved significantly and adapted to life on land: internal fertilization, the ability to lay eggs, pulmonary respiration appeared. An important stage in development was the formation of the brain, conditioned and unconditioned reflexes, survival instincts. Further evolution of animals provided the basis for the formation of mankind.

Dividing the history of the Earth into eras and periods gives an idea of ​​the peculiarities of the development of life on the planet at different time intervals. Scientists identify especially significant events in the formation of life on Earth in separate periods of time - eras, which are divided into periods.

There are five eras:

  • Archean;
  • proterozoic;
  • paleozoic;
  • Mesozoic;
  • Cenozoic.


The Archean era began about 4.6 billion years ago, when the planet Earth was just beginning to form and there were no signs of life on it. The air contained chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen, the temperature reached 80 °, the radiation level exceeded the permissible limits, under such conditions the origin of life was impossible.

It is believed that about 4 billion years ago, our planet collided with a celestial body, and the result was the formation of a satellite of the Earth - the Moon. This event became significant in the development of life, stabilized the axis of rotation of the planet, and contributed to the purification of water structures. As a result, the first life was born at the depths of the oceans and seas: protozoa, bacteria and cyanobacteria.


The Proterozoic era lasted from about 2.5 billion years to 540 million years ago. The remains of unicellular algae, molluscs, annelids were found. Soil begins to form.

The air at the beginning of the era was not yet saturated with oxygen, but in the process of vital activity the bacteria inhabiting the seas began to release more O 2 into the atmosphere. When the amount of oxygen was at a stable level, many creatures took a step in evolution and switched to aerobic respiration.


The Paleozoic era includes six periods.

Cambrian period(530 - 490 million years ago) is characterized by the emergence of representatives of all species of plants and animals. The oceans were inhabited by algae, arthropods, mollusks, and the first chordates (haikouichtis) appeared. The dry land remained uninhabited. The temperature remained high.

Ordovician period(490 - 442 million years ago). The first lichen settlements appeared on land, and the megalograpt (a representative of arthropods) began to go ashore to lay eggs. Vertebrates, coral, and sponges continue to develop in the ocean.

Silurian(442 - 418 million years ago). Plants emerge on land, and the rudiments of lung tissue form in arthropods. The formation of the bone skeleton in vertebrates is completed, sensory organs appear. Mountain building is in progress, different climatic zones are being formed.

Devonian(418 - 353 million years ago). The formation of the first forests, mainly ferns, is characteristic. Bone and cartilaginous organisms appear in the reservoirs, amphibians began to emerge on land, new organisms - insects - are formed.

Carboniferous period(353 - 290 million years ago). The appearance of amphibians, the subsidence of the continents occurs, at the end of the period there was a significant cooling, which led to the extinction of many species.

Permian period(290 - 248 million years ago). The earth is inhabited by reptiles, therapsids appeared - the ancestors of mammals. The hot climate led to the formation of deserts, where only hardy ferns and some conifers could survive.


The Mesozoic era is divided into 3 periods:

Triassic(248 - 200 million years ago). The development of gymnosperms, the appearance of the first mammals. The split of the landmass into continents.

Jurassic period(200 - 140 million years ago). The emergence of angiosperms. The appearance of the ancestors of birds.

Cretaceous period(140 - 65 million years ago). Angiosperms (flowering) have become the dominant group of plants. The development of higher mammals, real birds.


The Cenozoic era consists of three periods:

Lower Tertiary or Paleogene(65 - 24 million years ago). The disappearance of most cephalopods, lemurs and primates appear, later parapithecus and dryopithecus. The development of the ancestors of modern mammalian species - rhinos, pigs, rabbits, etc.

Upper Tertiary or Neogene(24 - 2.6 million years ago). Mammals inhabit land, water, air. The emergence of Australopithecus - the first ancestors of humans. During this period, the Alps, Himalayas, and Andes were formed.

Quaternary period or anthropogen(2.6 million years ago - today). A significant event of the period is the appearance of man, first the Neanderthals, and soon Homo sapiens. The flora and fauna have acquired modern features.

The Paleozoic era consisted of a whole revolution in the history of the Earth: huge glaciation and the death of many animal and plant forms.

In the middle era, we no longer meet very many of those organisms that existed for hundreds of millions of years until then. Huge crayfish - trilobites, which raged in the seas of the Paleozoic, disappear, as if swept from the face of the Earth. Many echinoderms, whole families of sea urchins, sea stars, sea lilies, etc. share their fate. Other echinoderms, however, remain in the subsequent time, but they change greatly and develop in a completely new direction. Many coral species are disappearing. Big changes are also taking place in shellfish and fish. The land population is experiencing even more changes.

The flowering time of tree ferns and horsetails is over. Most of them did not survive the Paleozoic. Those species that still existed at the beginning of the Mesozoic era have retained faint traces of their former splendor. They are much less common, do not reach large stature, and often turn out to be completely small. But conifers and sago trees thrive, and after a while they are joined by numerous new species of flowering plants: palm trees are becoming widespread. By its nature, the Mesozoic forest differs sharply from the forest of the ancient era. There was a monotonous vegetation of gloomy tall-stemmed trees. Here, coniferous and sago trees, palms, and behind them flowering plants give bright colors and cheerful colors to the vegetation cover of the Earth. Flowers were in full bloom in the fields.

The Mesozoic era is divided into three parts: the initial time is the Triassic period, the middle time is the Jurassic period and the later is the Cretaceous period.

At the beginning of the Mesozoic, a dry but warm climate was established, then it became more humid, but continued to remain warm. The Mesozoic era lasted, according to many geologists, about 120 million years, and more than half of this time falls on the last, Cretaceous period.

Already in the first of these periods, a change in the animal world was sharply noticeable. In place of the disappeared inhabitants of the seas, a large number of long-tailed crayfish arose, similar to those that now live in the seas and rivers. On land, next to amphibians, many new animals appeared, developed from amphibians and called reptiles, or reptiles. We know that their origin from amphibians is associated with the need to conquer new land areas, far from water.

In our time, very few of the reptiles, or scaly reptiles, as they are sometimes called, live. We can meet relatively small lizards, turtles, snakes and crocodiles. In the Mesozoic time, too, one could see everywhere large and small lizards, similar to the inhabitants of our forests and rocks. Lived in those days and turtles; for the most part they were found in the seas. But in addition to rather harmless turtles and lizards, there was a terrible reptile-like crocodile, the distant descendant of which is the present crocodile. There were no snakes almost until the very end of the Mesozoic.

There were many other breeds of reptiles in the Mesozoic times, which have now completely disappeared.

Of their remains, strange skeletons are especially interesting to us, in which the features of reptiles are mixed with the characteristics of mammals, that is, those animals covered with wool, the females of which feed their young with milk (such are, for example, cows, pigs, cats, dogs and in general all predatory , ungulates, rodents, monkeys, etc.). The amazing bones of animal-like reptiles have come down to us, in which the structure of legs and teeth was very reminiscent of mammals that did not yet exist on Earth at that time. For its resemblance to animals, this breed was called "animal-like".

Among them is the famous foreigners, which were armed with sharp claws and powerful fangs, similar to the fangs of such predators as the lion and the tiger.

Inistrantsevia was found in 1901 during excavations of Permian deposits on the banks of the Northern Dvina.

One can imagine the devastation caused by such predators among the population of the Mesozoic forests and steppes. They contributed to the death of ancient amphibians, thereby clearing the way for the unprecedented development of reptiles, which we see in the Jurassic and Cretaceous times.

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(era of average life) - from 230 to 67 million years - total length 163 million years. The uplift of land, which began in the previous period, continues. There is a single continent. Its total area is very large - much more than at present. The continent is covered with mountains, formed by the Urals, Altai and other mountain ranges. The climate is becoming more and more arid.

Triassic - 230 -195 million years. The tendencies established in the Permian period are being consolidated. Most of the primitive amphibians are dying out, horsetails, moss, and ferns are almost disappearing. Gymnosperms woody plants predominate, since their reproduction is not associated with the aquatic environment. Among animals on land, herbivorous and carnivorous reptiles - dinosaurs - begin their triumphant procession. Among them there are already modern species: turtles, crocodiles, and tuatara. Amphibians, various cephalopods still live in the seas, bony fish of a completely modern species appear. This abundance of food attracts predatory reptiles to the sea, and their specialized branch, ichthyosaurs, is separated. At the end of the Triassic period, a small group separated from some early reptiles, giving rise to mammals. They still reproduce with the help of eggs, like modern echidna and platypus, but they already have an important feature that will give them advantages in the further struggle for existence. Mammals, like birds, which also originate from reptiles, are warm-blooded animals - for the first time they acquire the mechanism of temperature self-regulation. But their time is still ahead, but for now, dinosaurs continue to master the terrestrial space.

Jura - 195 - 137 million years. Gymnosperms predominate in the forests, among them there is already a sequoia, which has survived to this day. The first angiosperms (flowering) plants appeared. Giant reptiles dominate, having mastered all habitats. On land these are herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs, in the sea - ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, in the air - flying lizards hunting numerous insects and their smaller counterparts. The first birds, the Archeopteryx, separated from some of them. They had a skeleton of lizards, although very lightweight, but already covered with feathers - modified skin scales. In the warm seas of the Jurassic period, in addition to marine reptiles, bony fishes and various cephalopods - ammonites and belemnites, similar to modern nautilus and squid thrive.

In the Jurassic period, a split of a single continent takes place and the divergence of continental plates begins to their present state. This led to the isolation and relatively independent development of fauna and flora on different continents and island systems. Australia became especially quickly and radically isolated, where the animal and plant composition as a result was very different from the inhabitants of other continents.

Chalk - 137 - 67 million years old. The leading form in paleontological samples are foraminifers - shell protozoa that underwent mass extinction during this period and left huge sedimentary layers of chalk. Angiosperms quickly spread and dominate among the vegetation, many of them are quite modern and already have a real flower. Giant reptiles are being supplanted by new dinosaurs that walk on their hind legs. Pioneer birds are quite common, but real warm-blooded birds with a characteristic beak, without a long tail, also appear. There are also small mammals; in addition to marsupials, placentals also appeared, carrying babies for a long time in the mother's womb in contact with blood through the placenta. Insects master the flower, which has benefited both insects and flowering plants.

The end of the Cretaceous period was marked by a significant general cooling. The complex food chain of reptiles, built on a limited circle of producers, collapsed "overnight" (by the standards of our conventional calendar). In just a few million years, the main groups of dinosaurs became extinct. There are different versions of the reasons for what happened at the end of the Cretaceous period, but, apparently, the matter is primarily in climate change and the destruction of food chains. In the colder seas, large cephalopods, the main food of sea lizards, disappeared. Naturally, this led to the extinction of the latter. On land, there was a reduction in the growth zone and biomass of soft succulent vegetation, which led to the extinction of herbivorous dinosaurs, followed by carnivorous dinosaurs. The food supply for large insects has also decreased, and behind them flying lizards, both insectivores and their predatory cousins, began to disappear. It should be borne in mind that the reptiles were cold-blooded animals and were not adapted to existence in a new, much more severe climate. In this global biological catastrophe, small reptiles - lizards, snakes - survived and were further developed; and large ones - such as crocodiles, turtles, and tuataras - survived only in the tropics, where the necessary food supply and a relatively warm climate remained.

Thus, the Mesozoic era is rightfully called the era of reptiles. For 160 million years, they have experienced their heyday, the broadest divergence in all habitats and died out in the fight against the inevitable element. Against the background of these events, warm-blooded organisms - mammals and birds - have gained tremendous advantages, which have moved on to the development of liberated ecological spheres. But this was already a new era. There were 7 days left before the "New Year".

Cenozoic era(era of new life) - from 67 million years to the present. This is the era of flowering plants, insects, birds and mammals. In this era, man also appeared.

The Tertiary period is divided into Paleogene (67 - 25 million years) and Neogene (25 - 1.5 million years). There is a wide distribution of flowering plants, especially herbaceous plants. Vast steppes are being formed - the result of the retreat of tropical forests due to a cold snap. Animals are dominated by mammals, birds, insects. Separate groups of reptiles and cephalopods continue to disappear. About 35 million years ago, a detachment of primates (lemurs, tarsiers) appeared in the mammalian class, which later gave rise to monkeys and humans. The first people appeared about 3 million years ago (7 hours before the "New Year") in the eastern Mediterranean.

The Quaternary period, or anthropogen, includes the last 1.5 million years of the development of life. The modern flora and fauna has been formed. There is a stormy evolution and human domination. There are four periodic glaciations in the northern hemisphere of the Earth. During this time, mammoths, many large animals, ungulates became extinct. A large role in this was played by people who were actively involved in hunting and farming. Periodic freezing and melting of water changed the level of the seas, then directing, then destroying bridges between Asia and North America, Europe and Britain, Indochina and the Islands. These circumstances allowed animals and plants to migrate, supporting their evolutionary changes in small adaptive traits. Australia has complete isolation from other continents, which has created special directions and rates of evolution there. The absence of predators made it possible for the ancient marsupial and oviparous mammals to survive, long extinct on other continents. There have been changes in the family of people, but we will talk about them in a separate topic. Here, we note that a modern-type man was formed only 50 thousand years ago (at 23 hours 53 minutes on December 31 of our conditional year of the development of life on Earth; we exist this year for only its last 7 minutes!).

Scientists who study the ancient world argue that our ancestors lived much less than modern humans. No wonder, because before there was such a developed medicine, there was no knowledge in the field of our health that allows a person today to take care of himself and portend dangerous diseases.

However, there is another opinion that our ancestors, on the contrary, lived much longer than you and me. They ate ecologically clean food, used natural medicines (herbs, decoctions, ointments). And the atmosphere of our planet was much better than it is now.

True, as always, somewhere in between. This article will help you better understand what was the life expectancy of people in different eras.

The oldest world and the first people

Science has proven that the first people appeared in Africa. Human communities did not appear immediately, but in the process of a long and painstaking formation of a special system of relationships, which today are called "public" or "social". Gradually, ancient people moved from place to place and occupied new territories of our planet. And by about the end of the 4th millennium BC, the first civilizations began to appear. This moment became a turning point in the history of mankind.

The times of the primitive communal system still occupy most of the history of our species. This was the era of the formation of man as a social being and as a biological species. It was during this period that the ways of communication and interaction were formed. Languages ​​and cultures were created. The person learned to think and make reasonable decisions. The first rudiments of medicine and healing appeared.

This primary knowledge became a catalyst for the development of mankind, thanks to which we live in the world that we have now.

Ancient human anatomy

There is such a science - paleopathology. She studies the structure of ancient people from the remains found during archaeological excavations. And according to the data obtained during the research of these finds, scientists have found that ancient people were sick just like us, although before the advent of this science everything was completely different... Scientists believed that prehistoric man was not at all sick and was completely healthy, and diseases appeared as a result of the emergence of civilization. Thanks to knowledge in this area, modern scientists have found that diseases appeared before humans.

It turns out that our ancestors were also endangered by harmful bacteria and various diseases. From the remains, it was determined that tuberculosis, caries, tumors and other diseases were not uncommon among ancient people.

The way of life of ancient people

But not only diseases caused difficulties for our ancestors. The constant struggle for food, for territory with other tribes, non-observance of any hygiene rules. Only during the hunt for a mammoth from a group of 20 people could return about 5-6.

Ancient man completely relied on himself and on his abilities. Every day he fought for survival. There was no question of mental development. The ancestors hunted and defended the territory in which they lived.

Only later did people learn to pick berries, roots, and grow some kind of grain. But from hunting and gathering to an agrarian society that marked the beginning of a new era, humanity went for a very long time.

Life span of primitive man

But how did our ancestors cope with these diseases in the absence of any medicines or knowledge in the field of medicine? The very first people had a hard time. The maximum, to which they lived, was the age of 26-30 years. However, over time, a person has learned to adapt to certain environmental conditions, and to understand the nature of certain changes in the body. Gradually, the life expectancy of ancient people began to increase. But this happened very slowly as the healing skills developed.

There are three stages in the formation of primitive medicine:

  • Stage 1 - the formation of primitive communities. People were just beginning to accumulate knowledge and experience in the field of healing. They used animal fats, applied various herbs to wounds, prepared decoctions from ingredients that came to hand;
  • Stage 2 - the development of a primitive community and a gradual transition to their disintegration. Ancient man learned to observe the processes of the course of the disease. I began to compare the changes that took place during the healing process. The first "drugs" appeared;
  • Stage 3 - the collapse of primitive communities. At this stage of development, medical practice finally began to form. People have learned to treat certain ailments in effective ways. They realized that death can be deceived and avoided. The first doctors appeared;

In ancient times, people died from the most insignificant diseases, which today do not cause any concern and are treated in one day. A man died in the prime of his strength without having time to live to old age. The average human duration in prehistoric times was extremely low. For the better, everything began to change in the Middle Ages, which will be discussed further.

Middle Ages

The first scourge of the Middle Ages is hunger and disease, which still migrated from the ancient world. In the Middle Ages, people not only starved, but also satisfied their hunger with terrible food. Animals were killed on dirty farms in complete unsanitary conditions. There was no question of sterile cooking methods. In medieval Europe, the swine flu epidemic claimed tens of thousands of lives. In the 14th century, the plague pandemic that broke out in Asia wiped out a quarter of Europe's population.

Medieval man's lifestyle

What did people do in the Middle Ages? The eternal problems are the same. Diseases, the struggle for food, for new territories, but to this were added more and more problems that a person had when he became smarter. Now people began to wage wars for ideology, for an idea, for a religion. If earlier man fought with nature, now he fought with his fellows.

But along with this, many other problems went away. Now people have learned how to make fire, build reliable and durable dwellings for themselves, and began to observe primitive rules of hygiene. Man learned to hunt skillfully, invented new methods to simplify everyday life.

Life expectancy in antiquity and the Middle Ages

The wretched state in which medicine was in ancient times and the Middle Ages, many incurable diseases at that time, poor and terrible nutrition - all these are signs that characterize the early Middle Ages. And this is not to mention the constant strife between people, the conduct of wars and crusades, which claimed hundreds of thousands of human lives. The average life expectancy still did not exceed 30-33 years. Forty-year-old men were already called "mature husband", and a man of fifty was called "elderly" at all. Inhabitants of Europe of the XX century. lived to be 55 years old.

In ancient Greece, people lived for an average of 29 years. This does not mean that in Greece a person lived to be twenty-nine years old and died, but this was considered old age. And this despite the fact that at that time in Greece the first so-called "hospitals" were already formed.

The same can be said about Ancient Rome. Everyone knows about the powerful Roman soldiers who served in the empire. If you look at the ancient frescoes, then in each of them you can recognize some god from Olympus. Immediately one gets the impression that such a person will live a long time and will remain healthy throughout his life. But statistics suggest otherwise. The UOJ in Rome was barely 23 years old. The average duration throughout the Roman Empire was 32 years. So the Roman wars weren't all that healthy? Or are incurable diseases to blame for everything, from which no one was immune? It is difficult to answer this question, but data taken from more than 25,000 epitaphs on the gravestones of cemeteries in Rome speak of just such numbers.

In the Egyptian empire, which existed before the beginning of our era, which is the cradle of civilization, the UOJ was no better. She was only 23 years old. What can we say about the less civilized states of antiquity, if the life expectancy even in ancient Egypt was negligible? It was in Egypt that people first learned to heal people with the venom of snakes. Egypt was famous for its medicine. At that stage in the development of mankind, it was the foremost.

Late Middle Ages

What about the later Middle Ages? In England, from the 16th to the 17th century, the plague was raging. Average life expectancy in the 17th century. reached only 30 years old. In Holland and Germany in the 18th century, the situation was no better: people lived up to an average of 31 years.

But life expectancy in the 19th century. began to increase slowly but surely. Russia of the XIX century was able to increase the figure to 34 years. In those days in the same England lived less: only 32 years.

As a result, we can conclude that life expectancy in the Middle Ages remained at a low level and did not change over the centuries.

Modernity and our days

And only with the onset of the 20th century, mankind began to level out the indicators of average life expectancy. New technologies began to appear, people mastered new methods of curing diseases, the first drugs appeared in the form in which we are used to seeing them now. AOJ began to increase dramatically in the middle of the twentieth century. Many countries began to develop rapidly and improve their economies, which made it possible to increase the living standards of people. Infrastructure, medical equipment, everyday life, sanitary conditions, the emergence of more complex sciences. All this has led to a dramatic improvement in the demographic situation around the planet.

The twentieth century heralded a new era in the development of mankind. It was truly a revolution in the world of medicine and an improvement in the quality of life of our species. For some half a century, the life expectancy in Russia has almost doubled. From 34 to 65. These figures are striking, because for several millennia a person could not increase his life expectancy even by a couple of years.

But the sharp rise was followed by a similar stagnation. From the mid-twentieth century until the twenty-first century, no discoveries were made that radically changed the concept of medicine. Certain discoveries were made, but this was not enough. ALE on the planet did not increase as rapidly as it did in the middle of the 20th century.

XXI Century

The question of our connection with nature has arisen sharply before mankind. The ecological situation on the planet began to deteriorate sharply against the backdrop of the twentieth century. And many were divided into two camps. Some believe that new diseases appear as a result of our disregard for nature and the environment, while others, on the contrary, believe that the more we move away from nature, the more we extend the period of stay in the world. Let's consider this issue in more detail.

Of course, it is foolish to deny that without special achievements in the field of medicine, mankind would have remained at the same level of knowledge of itself, of its body at the same level as in the Middle and even later ages. Now humanity has learned to cure diseases that have destroyed millions of people. Whole cities were taken away. Advances in various sciences such as biology, chemistry, physics allow us to open up new horizons in improving our quality of life. Unfortunately, progress requires sacrifice. And as we accumulate knowledge and improve technology, we inexorably destroy our nature.

Medicine and healthcare in the 21st century

But this is the price we pay for progress. Modern man lives many times longer than his distant ancestors. Medicine works wonders today. We have learned to transplant organs, rejuvenate the skin, delay the aging of body cells, and identify pathologies at the stage of formation. And this is only a small part of what modern medicine can offer to everyone.

Physicians have been valued throughout human history. Tribes and communities with more experienced shamans and medicine men survived longer than others and were stronger. The states in which medicine was developed suffered less from epidemics. And now those countries in which the health care system is developed, people can not only be treated for diseases, but also significantly prolong their lives.

Today, the overwhelming majority of the world's population is free from the problems that people faced before. No need to hunt, no need to make fire, no need to be afraid of dying of a cold. Today man lives and accumulates wealth. Every day he does not survive, but he makes his life more comfortable. He goes to work, rests on weekends, has a choice. He has all the means for self-development. People today eat and drink as much as they want. They don't have to worry about getting food when everything is in stores.

Life expectancy today

The average life expectancy today is approximately 83 years for women and 78 years for men. These figures cannot be compared with those that were in the Middle Ages, and even more so in antiquity. Scientists say that biologically, a person is allotted about 120 years. So why are older people who turn 90 still considered centenarians?

It's all about our attitude to health and lifestyle. After all, the increase in the average life expectancy of a modern person is associated not only with the improvement of medicine. Here, the knowledge that we have about ourselves and the structure of the body also plays an important role. People have learned to follow the rules of hygiene and body care. A modern person who cares about his longevity, leads a correct and healthy lifestyle, does not abuse bad habits. He knows that it is better to live in places with a clean environment.

Statistics show that in different countries where the culture of a healthy lifestyle is instilled in citizens from childhood, the mortality rate is significantly lower than in countries where this is not given due attention.

The Japanese are the longest-lived nation. People in this country have been accustomed to the correct way of life since childhood. And how many examples of such countries: Sweden, Austria, China, Iceland, etc.

A person has long walked to this level and life expectancy. He overcame all the trials that nature threw him. How many we suffered from diseases, from cataclysms, from the realization of the fate that is in store for all of us, but still moved on. And we are still moving towards new achievements. Think about the path we have traveled through the centuries-old history of our ancestors and that their legacy should not be wasted, that we should only continue to improve the quality and duration of our lives.

Life expectancy in different eras (video)