“Here is the artist Zharov. He sticks on a mustache and a beard, but all the same I see that it is Zharov. And Ranevskaya is always different, ”Stalin said in an interview with a famous writer. “Always, always different,” the writer began to drown Ranevskaya. - Either she, you know, is of poor origin, then her father is a rich manufacturer ... "-" So what would you advise us? " Stalin asked sternly. - “Shoot! Both! " (From the unpublished notes of Gleb Skorokhodov about Faina Ranevskaya.)

The famous book by Gleb Skorokhodov about Faina Ranevskaya has gone through many reprints, but its first release was painful. “Trying to please Faina Georgievna, my brother rewrote the manuscript many times,” says the sister of the writer Inga Sidorova (nee Skorokhodova - Ed.). - I used to remove whole chapters. So much has remained unpublished. But it was preserved in the archives. Now, when 120 years have passed since the birthday of Faina Georgievna, her name belongs to history. And the people that were discussed in her conversations with Gleb are no longer alive. Perhaps the time has come to acquaint the readers of 7 Days with those episodes that, for various reasons, were not included in my brother's book. "

Ranevskaya was not poor

Faina Georgievna told how a director Mikhail Romm called her and said only one word: "Dead!" "What does this mean, I understood instantly!" - said Ranevskaya. And this meant that Stalin had died ... At the same time, she reacted with unexpected sympathy to the leader's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva, whom she was introduced to at some official event. A year after the death of her father, Svetlana's position became unenviable, she was sometimes afraid to appear in public. Apparently, Faina Georgievna's heart trembled with pity for this woman, whose attention people used to eagerly seek, but now they avoided her in every possible way. Maybe it was a kind of challenge. I think that during Stalin's life, Ranevskaya would hardly have supported this acquaintance. Now she considered it unworthy to turn away from the "leper." Faina Georgievna took her new friend to visit. A completely ordinary, inconspicuous woman appeared in front of the audience, very modest, at first glance unsure of herself, especially if someone from the victims during the reign of her father was nearby. People in the presence of Svetlana, as Faina Georgievna recalled, sometimes had a painful, dejected state ... What kind of table conversations are there? But Ranevskaya did not give up. She did not bring her except to Akhmatova, who still had her son. In the end, Alliluyeva herself stopped their communication, not wanting to put Faina in an awkward position.

Faina Georgievna was not familiar with Stalin himself. I recalled only one story, retold to her at different times by several colleagues. Allegedly, after the release of the film "Spring", Joseph Vissarionovich started talking about Ranevskaya with one writer who was trying his best to please the leader. "And what, this one ... uh-uh ... Ranevskaya is a good artist?" - "What are you, what an artist she is, so, actress ..." - "Well, don't tell me! Here is the artist Zharov. He sticks on a mustache and a beard, but all the same I see that it is Zharov. And Ranevskaya is always different. " “Always, always different,” the writer began to drown Faina. - Either she, you know, is of poor origin, then her father is a rich manufacturer ... "-" So what would you advise us? " Stalin asked sternly. "Shoot! Both! " - the writer "joked" without batting an eye.

Of course, no one touched Ranevskaya. Moreover, she was awarded the Stalin Prize three times: two times second degree, once - third. She also had other awards, for example, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, "Badge of Honor", several medals. Faina Georgievna never wore any of this and kept the awards in a box with the inscription "Funeral accessories". Once I asked her to show me "Stalin": this is what the people called the medal of gold, which was awarded to the laureate along with a cash prize. Ranevskaya brought out a piece of fabric on which all the awards were pinned. There were only two “Stalin” there. “But there should be three,” I said. - "One disappeared ..." - "Stole?" - "No, what are you," Ranevskaya replied. And she told how, together with her neighbor, Galina Ulanova, she was invited to a strange event, provoked, apparently, by the XX Congress of the CPSU, at which the personality cult of Stalin was condemned.

Khrushchev then ridiculed the numerous Stalin prizes, noting that "even the tsars did not give out awards named after themselves." As a result, invitations to the “solemn delivery of the laureate's badges” were sent out to cultural figures. It was suggested that all the awarded to gather and, in a solemn atmosphere, throw their medals into a huge box depicting a coffin, and not remember them again. So Ranevskaya took one Stalin's badge there. She recalled this event: “It was strange to see all this. After all, once the same people proudly received it all! Look at this idiotic film, "The Bright Path" at your leisure, where Lyubochka Orlova was forced to work on 150 machines at once: how worried she is when her heroine is awarded the order ... "

August 27, 2013 marks 117 years since the birth of the remarkable theater and film actress, witty woman Faina Georgievna Ranevskaya. Fate did not spoil her, and her life could have turned out differently if she had not sacrificed herself on the altar of art. Read the curious facts of her biography below.



Origin

Faina was born on August 27, 1896 in Taganrog. Her father, Girshi Feldman, was a local rich man, "the owner of factories, newspapers, ships", having made a decent fortune in the real estate trade and the production of paints and varnishes. He was respected in the city's Jewish community and was an honorary member. Girshi Feldman owned not only a few houses and a shop, he even owned a steamer (on which the family emigrated abroad in a revolutionary chaos). Mom Milka Rafailovna gave birth to four children - two boys and two girls. Truth,
the younger brother died when little Faina was 5 years old.

Compared to her older sister, she did not have a "pleasant expression", she stuttered, was too shy and took everything to heart.

Training and talents

When the time came, the parents assigned Faina to the Taganrog Mariinsky Gymnasium, but her studies were difficult for the girl: she wrote with mistakes, was not friends with numbers. In addition, relations with classmates were strained. Maybe that's why she asked her father to pick her up from this educational institution. But at home, Faina was happy to read, study foreign languages, sing. Her desire to always achieve what you want, and determined her fate in the future.

Faina was very observant, noticing in a person his characteristic features, manner of looking at the world, style of behavior, and tried to show her “copy”. The first objects of imitation are usually people who are around most of the time or stand out in some way from others. Such were for the girl a Tatar janitor with his colorful appearance, beggars begging for alms, petty traders. And once she even staged a whole performance, the heroes of which were her dolls Petrushka, Baba and Gorodovoy. Moreover, all the roles were performed by Faina herself in a manner characteristic of each character, noticing speech features. The performance went off with a bang, but the parents did not share the hobbies of their daughter, considering it a child's play that will pass over time.

The gap

In the summer of 1910, the Feldmans were vacationing in Crimea, where 14-year-old Faina met the famous actress Alisa Koonen, who lived next door. And a year later, being at a performance at the Taganrog Drama Theater, she was so shocked by the play of Pavel Wulf that she finally decided for herself to become an artist. To dispose of her own life for a decent girl from a Jewish family in those days meant at least the same as becoming a woman of easy virtue. Naturally, this aroused the anger of Girshi Feldman, who delivered an ultimatum to his daughter: either the scene or the family.

History did not preserve the torment of young Faina, weighing what is more important for her: family ties or passionate impulses, one thing is clear: the theater filled all her imagination, she dreamed of becoming an actress and was ready to sacrifice everything for the sake of calling, even close people. Then she could not even imagine how tragic it would all turn out. Since 1915, Faina left for Moscow, and so far her dream was not destined to come true. The girl was not accepted into any educational theater institution, as incapable. What was then put into this concept, it is difficult to say. But the fact that none of the examiners Faina could catch on with her appearance, her nature, is obvious. The girl had a very difficult time, but she was eager to learn. She sometimes starved, badly needed funds. Despite the fact that Faina broke up with her family, her father could not afford to have his beloved youngest daughter in poverty, and sent her to life. Mother also sent her translations. And soon this thread was cut off. Revolutionary events were approaching, sweeping away the old happy life on their way and giving no hope for the future. Girshi Feldman and his family are sailing abroad on a steamer, Faina again refused to follow her relatives.

Career

To make her way onto the big stage, Faina had to get a job in the troupe of Madame Lavrovskaya "on the role of coquette heroines with singing and dancing for 35 rubles with her wardrobe." They successfully toured the Crimea, in particular in Kerch. It was at this time that the stage name Ranevskaya stuck to Faina Feldman. Once falling in love with this heroine, the girl found many common features (perhaps the same nostalgia for the past, which is so hard to admit even to herself).

Without graduating from a private theater school, Fiana played in many theaters, starting with the provincial (Malakhovsky Dacha Theater, Moscow Region, 1915), Kerch, Feodosia (1915-1916), Rostov-on-Don (1916-1917). And after the October Revolution, she performed for 6 years in the traveling theater "The First Soviet Theater". Then there was the Baku Workers' Theater, in which Ranevskaya served Melpomene from 1925 to 1927 and from 1929 to 1931, the Arkhangelsk, Smolensk and Stalingrad drama theaters. And finally, she was noticed by the Moscow stage: the Theater of the Moscow Department of Public Education, the Chamber Theater, the Central Theater of the Red Army, the Drama Theater, the Theater. A.S. Pushkin Theater. Mossovet.

Teachers and attachments

Faina Georgievna was a complex person, sharp-tongued. For a graceful actress, she was too uncomfortable: cumbersome, with an awkward figure, and her appearance did not catch her charm. But it was precisely this “ugliness” of her that was compensated for by her gestures, her ability to behave with dignity and to be in harmony with her partners in the stage or film, her skill in improvisation, especially in speech, made Ranevskaya the most memorable actress of her time.

The first teacher in the acting path (and the closest person in life) was Pavel Leontievna Wulf. She agreed to study with Faina, seeing her craving for the theater. Faina literally fell in love with this actress, following her everywhere. In fact, she became a member of the family of the actress Wulf, even her grandson called Ranevskaya Fufa.

Kinoroli

Most of all, Faina Ranevskaya was remembered for her colorful heroines. She has been on the big screen since 1934, when she appeared in the guise of Madame
Loiseau in the silent film "Donut".





And in 1939, a real triumph came.



Her Lyalya in "Podkidysh" with the famous phrase: "Mulya, don't make me nervous!" - so loved by the audience that this line of hers was played constantly, as soon as the actress appeared on the horizon. Moreover, not only ordinary boys, but even representatives of the authorities suffered from this "disease". Once Secretary General Brezhnev himself, presenting the Order of Lenin to Ranevskaya, named her Mule.
She brilliantly played Rosa Skorokhod from Dream (1941). The image of the owner of a small fruit shop, renting furnished rooms, appears in all its power and tragedy.

Everyone remembers the colorful image of the tailor's wife Ida Gurevich in the detective story "Engineer Kochin's Mistake" (1939), the wife of the gymnasium inspector "The Man in the Case" (1939), the mother of the bride in the comedy "Wedding" (1944), the evil stepmother in "Cinderella" (1947) ), Margarita Lvovna in "Spring" (1947).

This is Ida Gurevich, the tailor's wife from "Engineer Cochin's Mistake"

Inspector's wife to match her husband from the movie "Man in a Case"

The mother of the bride from Svadba appears so discouraged.

Ranevskaya as an evil stepmother in "Cinderella"

Ranevskaya in the image of Margarita Lvovna in "Spring"

Comic role of the actress:

- kind aunt Adele from Schweik's New Adventures (1943),


- director of the circus Ada Konstantinovna Brand from the comedy "Today is a new attraction" (1965),

- grandmother from the comedy film "Beware, grandmother" (1960).

Caustic, apt phrases involuntarily bring a smile: "They also give the rights to these club-handed ones!", "Mobilize, reincarnated!", "Sentimentality is a sign of sclerosis!"

Children fell in love with the wise grandmother from the film "The Elephant and the Rope" (1945), listened to the amazing timbres of Freken Bok (Ranevskoy) from the cartoon "Carlson is Back" (1970), perceived her as a matchmaker to Baba Babarikh in "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" (1943).


Attitude towards yourself and others

Ranevskaya was a vulnerable person and did not tolerate criticism, perhaps due to the fact that she treated herself with irony, and sometimes even ruthless sarcasm, teased her figure, an overly big "well ...", with a wrinkled face over the years, bad habits ... And this was forgiven her, and the audience went to her performances with her participation in order to admire precisely the characteristic gestures, to get permanent jokes that were born exclusively on this stage, at that very moment.

But if on stage she was a queen, then in everyday life she was completely unadapted and lonely. Despite the fact that among her friends were the greatest women of our time: the poetess Anna Akhmatova, the writer Tatyana Tess, the artists Maretskaya and Orlova, she felt uncomfortable. And especially in those periods when she was not allowed to play. But this is very insulting! Only in 1961 her talent was appreciated by the Government of the USSR at its true worth, when Ranevskaya was awarded the honorary title of "People's Artist of the USSR".

Family meeting


When Ranevskaya became famous, her older sister, who lived in Paris at that time and was widowed, decided to reunite with her. She thought that Faina enjoyed all the benefits and privileges, and dreamed of moving to her in the Soviet Union.

The then Minister of Culture Ekaterina Furtseva showed incredible agility and extraordinary nobility, it was she who helped the meeting of the sisters. However, in those days, the KGB's watchful eye was watching everything, and these connections could come in handy in the future (Ranevskaya was very afraid that she would be recruited for espionage activities). When Faina from the bottom of her heart wanted to thank Furtseva for her trouble, calling her a "good angel," she snapped back that she was just a "Soviet party worker." Isabella did not live in the Soviet Union for long, she was buried in the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery, where the great artist herself would later rest in 1984.

Affection

Ranevskaya was saved from loneliness by her beloved dog Boy, named after Stanislavsky, whom Ranevskaya idolized, a passion for drawing in the fields and a passion for the epistolary genre - in caustic letters to Tatyana Tess.


Memory of Ranevskaya today

In Tyumen, a "Tea Room at Ranevskaya" was opened, decorated with her quotes. The names of the dishes on the menu are from films with her participation. There is also an amazingly looking incense house.


In 1986, a monument to Ranevskaya was unveiled in Taganrog, and a memorial plaque was installed on the house where she lived.


In May 2008, the First International Theater Festival named after Faina Ranevskaya "Great province".

In 2009, the Freken Bock coffee shop was opened in Taganrog, the design of which is dominated by photos of the great artist. Specialty buns are served with hot drinks.

One of the streets of Taganrog is named after Faina Ranevskaya.

In 1990, the documentary "Remembering Ranevskaya" was released, and in 2004 the brilliant artist was recalled in the program "Silver Ball" by Vitaly Wulf. The image of Faina Ranevskaya is also immortalized in the feature films Star of the Era (2004) and Anna German. The Secret of the White Angel "(2012).

Ranevskaya's grave

As already mentioned, the sisters were reunited in the Soviet Union and rested in one cemetery - Donskoy. It was Faina who bequeathed to bury
himself next to Isabella, and not on Novodevichy, where at that time all famous personalities were buried. Dozens of people with fresh flowers come to her grave every day to bow. But few people pay attention to the fact that a small bronze dog is attached to the very top of the monument.

But how and why did she appear there? They say that when Faina Georgievna passed away, her setter became so depressed that he began to visit her grave. How much he visited his beloved mistress is unknown. But when he disappeared, one of Ranevskaya's acquaintances, touched by such an animal's devotion, decided to immortalize the actress and her faithful friend at the burial place. This is how a sculpture of a dog appeared on Ranevskaya's tombstone.

In order not to tire you with a selection of quotes, we bring to your attention a potpourri "Sweetheart Faina Ranevskaya".



Faina has always been self-critical, she owns the famous saying: "Talent is self-doubt and painful dissatisfaction with oneself and one's own shortcomings, which I have never met with mediocrity." Arts councils and commissions, in the presence of which you had to play, at that time were commonplace, when instead of an audience loving an artist, "arbiters of destinies" looked at him. Often, after such performances, the artist was "in a pinch", but not Ranevskaya: “I play badly, the Stalin Prize Committee is watching. Disgusting examination feeling. "


Ranevskaya was very afraid that she might be offered to cooperate with the KGB - at that time this was common. One of her acquaintances advised, if such an offer was received, to say that she was screaming in her sleep. Then it will not be suitable for cooperation and the offer will be withdrawn. Once, when Faina Georgievna was working at the Mossovet Theater, the party organizer of the theater approached her with a proposal to join the party. “Oh, what are you, my dear! I can't: I scream in my sleep! " - exclaimed poor Ranevskaya. Whether she sly or really confused these departments - God knows.


Ranevskaya experienced the tragic death of Solomon Mikhoels, they were bound by a sincere friendship. In her memoirs, the actress describes one dialogue in which, with humor inherent only to her, she told Mikhoels: “There are people in whom God lives, there are people in whom the devil lives, and there are people in whom only worms live. God lives in you! " To which the director replied: "If God lives in me, then He is exiled to me." (January 14, 1948).


Ranevskaya was in Lviv several times.

Lvov was very dear to Ranevskaya. On that arrival in Lviv, Ranevskaya, however, as usual, had insomnia. She talked about one of the episodes of her night vigils: once leaving the hotel balcony, Faina Georgievna was horrified to find an obscene noun with the letter "e" glowing in huge neon letters. Shocked by the nocturnal order of her beloved city, which respectfully observed the moral Soviet code during the day, Ranevskaya could no longer fall asleep and only at dawn saw the extinct first letter "m" on the sign of a furniture store, written in Ukrainian: "Furniture". (Shcheglov A. Faina Ranevskaya. All life. - M .: Zakharov, 2003.)

1. Theater Faina fell in love with in childhood. The first performance that impressed her was Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard", from where she later took the pseudonym Ranevskaya. Although, as the actress herself says, it was a rather strange story - she was returning home from another performance, and money flew out of her purse. "They fly beautifully," the woman noticed, to which a casual passer-by answered her: "You are just like Ranevskaya!"

2. In the family, the hobby of the future great actress was treated very condescendingly, not giving much importance to this "hobby". However, when Faina announced her desire to seriously engage in theater, this caused a real shock among the family. The girl had to completely break ties with her family.

3. Despite the zeal of Ranevskaya, at first she faced major setbacks. She could not act anywhere as incapable of acting. She hardly got into a private school, from which she later flew out, not having the means to pay for it. The acting career of the actress also began far from brilliantly: in one letter of recommendation, signed by the entrepreneur Sokolovsky, it was said that Faina Ranevskaya was an absolute mediocrity and she played all her roles in the same way.

4. Despite her stunning acting career and worldwide recognition, Faina Ranevskaya never became either a wife or a mother. Ranevskaya says jokingly about her first love: “I got into a provincial group and fell in love like a cat with the main handsome man. Once he announced that he would come to me. I bought wine and fruit, powdered and waited for him. And he fell into a drunken embrace with some beauty and asked me to take a walk for an hour or two ... This was my first and last love. " The brilliant actress believed that her personal life was ruined by her awkward appearance and complete dedication to her career. When Ranevskaya was once asked about what love is, she replied: "I forgot."

5. A distinctive feature of this extraordinary woman was her sense of humor. Collections of Ranevskaya's aphorisms have always been immensely popular with the public. Her exceptional intelligence and cheerful disposition still make her one of the most interesting actresses in history.
Here are some examples of Faina Ranevskaya's sparkling humor:
The fan persistently begs for the actress's phone number. To which she replies, “Are you crazy? Well, how do I know my phone number? I don’t call myself. ”
Yuri Zavadsky once says to Ranevskaya: "Faina Georgievna, you ate my entire director's idea with your acting!" To which this wonderful actress retorted: “That’s what I have a feeling that I ate shit!”.
The actress was asked if she knew the reason for the divorce of one couple. Ranevskaya replied: "They just had different tastes: she loved men, and he loved women."


6. Ranevskaya was often asked to write an autobiography, memoirs. She always refused, explaining that she did not know how to write about herself: good or bad, a lot or a little. But one day she said a very entertaining thing: “If I were to write a book about myself, it would be a plaintive book. And there would be one line in it: Fate is a whore. "


7. Favorite words of the inimitable Faina Ranevskaya were "g * vno" and "zh * pa". She actively used them in all cases of life: in the theater, when she gave interviews, on live radio.

Faina Georgievna Ranevskaya(nee Fanny Girshevna Feldman; 1896-1984) - Russian and Soviet theater and film actress. Laureate of three Stalin Prizes (1949, 1951, 1951). People's Artist of the USSR (1961). Chevalier of the Order of Lenin (1976). Is rated as one of the greatest Russian and Soviet actresses, "the queen of the second plan."

The viewer remembered Ranevskaya not only as a brilliant artist, but also as a person with a sharp mind and a wonderful sense of humor. She owns many, which often became. Ranevskaya had great charisma and extraordinary artistry.

However, in fact, every day Ranevskaya fell more and more in love with.

One day she came home, she told her parents that she was going to become an actress. This news plunged my father into a rage. A serious scandal began, but Faina continued to stand her ground.

Ultimately, this led to a break in relations with her parents, and especially with her father, with whom she then did not communicate for many years.

At the age of 19, the future actress left for.


Special signs of Faina Ranevskaya

Creative biography

Upon arrival in the capital, Ranevskaya experienced financial difficulties, since her father flatly refused to give her daughter any.

And although the mother was also against her departure, she nevertheless gave her a small amount secretly from her husband.

In Moscow, Faina began renting a small room on Bolshaya Nikitskaya. This housing was far from being as luxurious as in Taganrog, but she was happy that now, at last, no one would stop her from becoming an actress.

From that moment on, many significant events took place in the biography of Ranevskaya. She managed to get to know such famous poets as, and (see).

When she saw the actor Vasily Katchalov, his performance on stage amazed her to the core. Judging by the memoirs of Ranevskaya, she was truly in love with him.

Finally it was time to enter the drama school. The girl spent days and nights preparing for exams, not thinking about anything else.

However, when they began to announce the lists of those who entered the school, her name was not there. And although Ranevskaya was very upset about this, she did not give up.

Soon she got a job in a private school, but there was no money to pay her labor. At that moment, the famous artist Geltser extended a helping hand to Faina, who made sure that Ranevskaya was taken to one of the theaters.

Having started working at the Malakhovsky Summer Theater, she managed to study the play of many famous actors. At that time, Ranevskaya did not trust any roles, so she had to be content with extras.

In 1917, after the Bolsheviks came to power at the head, 2 important changes took place in Ranevskaya's biography.

The sad news was that her parents emigrated, never wanting to meet their daughter.

But there was good news: the girl was admitted to the Moscow Actor's Theater. Finally, her talent was appreciated.

The first performance in Ranevskaya's biography was "Roman", in which she played the role of Margarita. Every year her acting became better and brighter, thanks to which more significant roles began to be entrusted to her.

In 1931, Ranevskaya was invited to work at the Chamber Theater, where she performed for 4 years. After that, she begins to work in the theater of the Red Army.

Faina continues to demonstrate great acting, and gains audience sympathy.

At that time, she managed to masterfully play the main role in the play "Vassa Zheleznova", conveying the difficult fate of her heroine.

In the early 50s, when Ranevskaya was already a popular actress, she moved to the Theater. Mossovet. There she often clashed with directors, because she had her own vision of playing out certain scenes.

There is a known case when Faina Georgievna completely rewrote her role in the production of "Storm", and played it the way she thought was more correct.

In addition, Ranevskaya allowed herself to argue with authoritative artists, telling them the truth in person.

Due to clashes with colleagues and directors, catch phrases and aphorisms were often born from her lips. Despite this, it was in the Mossovet theater that Ranevskaya worked for more than 30 years, playing her most famous roles there.

At the end of her creative activity, she worked for a short time in Kamerny, from which her theatrical biography once began.

Ranevskaya's films

The first film in which Faina Ranevskaya starred was "Pyshka" (1934). It is fair to say that during her life she played not so many roles in cinema, giving preference to theatrical activities.

However, her every appearance in the films could not go unnoticed.

In the 30s, she starred in 3 films: "The Man in the Case", "The Mistake of the Engineer Cochin" and in "The Foundling." The last film brought her overwhelming popularity throughout the Soviet Union.

Ranevskaya managed to perfectly convey the character of the main character. It was in this tape that she uttered the famous phrase "Mulya, don't make me nervous."

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