Photographs of warships. Classification of sailing ships. a place. Remains free

The topic of this section of the Warspot portal is the navy - its history began about three millennia ago, and its new pages continue to be written today. The fate of many countries and their inhabitants is closely and inextricably linked with the sea - trade, sea transport, navy and overseas conquests. Exploration and then colonization by Europeans of the shores of North and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia and numerous islands of the Pacific and Indian oceans in the 15th-19th centuries were carried out by brilliant navigators of their time. By the 19th century, maritime communications formed the multinational societies of many colonies and independent states, and also became one of the determining factors in the development of the world economy. Later, the strongest navies of the world - British, German, French, American, Japanese, Russian and others - came together in fierce battles of two world wars.

With the development of shipbuilding and navigation, which continued for many centuries, warships gradually became an increasingly important type of weapons, and sometimes an indispensable condition for a successful war. Military history knows many cases when talented naval commanders took powerful fortresses without a fight, exposing an impressive formation of their ships to the enemy. To paraphrase the aphorism of the 18th century, known to modern historians from the words of the Russian Emperor Peter I, we add that in those days a state that did not have a navy was compared to a man who was deprived of one of his arms.
This phrase does not lose its relevance today, despite the fact that modern naval warfare is waged without any major battles - naval aviation and cruise missiles from ships are used primarily to strike ground targets and destroy enemy aircraft. Like the land army, the navy is one of the main military forces of almost every major modern state. Modern naval forces have an extensive organizational structure and enormous firepower, and the latest ships are characterized by unprecedented manufacturability, long cruising range and autonomy, high speed and are capable of performing a wide range of combat missions even in a military conflict using weapons of mass destruction.

The Russian Navy has 203 surface ships and 71 submarines, including 23 nuclear submarines equipped with ballistic and cruise missiles. Russia's defense capability at sea is ensured by modern and powerful ships.

The heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser Peter the Great is the world's largest non-aircraft-carrying strike ship. Capable of destroying groups of enemy aircraft carriers. The only afloat cruiser of the famous Soviet project 1144 "Orlan". Built at the Baltic Shipyard and launched in 1989. Commissioned after 9 years. For 16 years, the cruiser has covered 140,000 miles. The flagship of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy, the home port is Severomorsk. With a width of 28.5 meters, it is 251 meters long. Full displacement of 25860 tons. Two nuclear reactors with a capacity of 300 Megawatts, two boilers, turbines and gas turbine generators are capable of providing energy to a city with a population of 200 thousand. It can reach speeds of up to 32 knots, the cruising range is not limited. The crew of 727 people can be autonomous for 60 days. Armament: 20 SM-233 launchers with P-700 Granit cruise missiles, firing range - 700 km. Anti-aircraft complex "Rif" S-300F (96 vertical launch missiles). Anti-aircraft system "Kortik" with a stock of 128 missiles. Gun mount AK-130. Two anti-submarine missile and torpedo systems "Waterfall", anti-torpedo system "Udav-1M". Rocket launchers RBU-12000 and RBU-1000 "Smerch-3". Three Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopters can be based on board.

Heavy aircraft carrier "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (project 11435). Built at the Black Sea shipyard, launched in 1985. He bore the names "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Since 1991 it has become a member of the Northern Fleet. He served in the Mediterranean and took part in the rescue operation in the case of the Kursk sinking. In three years, according to the plan, it will be spent on modernization. The length of the cruiser is 302.3 meters, the total displacement is 55,000 tons. The maximum speed is 29 knots. A crew of 1960 can be at sea for a month and a half. Armament: 12 anti-ship missiles "Granit", 60 missiles "Udav-1", 24 air defense systems "Blade" (192 missiles) and "Kashtan" (256 missiles). It can carry 24 Ka-27 helicopters, 16 Yak-41M vertical takeoff supersonic aircraft and up to 12 Su-27K fighters.

"Moscow"

"Moskva", guards missile cruiser. Multipurpose ship. Built at the shipyards of the 61 Communards plant in Nikolaev. It was originally called "Glory". Commissioned in 1983. The flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. Participated in the military conflict with Georgia, in 2014 he carried out the blockade of the Ukrainian Navy. With a width of 20.8 meters, it has a length of 186.4 meters and a displacement of 11,490 tons. The maximum speed is 32 knots. Cruising range up to 6000 nautical miles. The crew of 510 people can be in "autonomous" for a month. Armament: 16 P-500 "Basalt" launchers, two AK-130 gun mounts, six 6-barrel gun mounts AK-630, B-204 S-300F "Rif" air defense systems (64 missiles), Osa-MA air defense missile launchers (48 missiles), torpedo tubes, RBU-6000 rocket launchers, Ka-27 helicopter. A copy of "Moscow" - the cruiser "Varyag" is the flagship of the Pacific Fleet.

"Dagestan"

The Dagestan patrol ship was commissioned in 2012. Built at the Zelenodolsk shipyard. In 2014 transferred to the Caspian Flotilla. This is the second ship of Project 11661K, the first - "Tatarstan" is the flagship of the Caspian fleet. "Dagestan" has more powerful and modern weapons: the universal RK "Caliber-NK", which can use several types of high-precision missiles (firing range is more than 300 km), ZRAK "Palma", AU AK-176M. Equipped with stealth technology. With a width of 13.1 meters, "Dagestan" has a length of 102.2 meters, a displacement of 1900 tons. It can reach speeds of up to 28 knots. A crew of 120 people can be autonomous for 15 days. Four more such ships have been laid down at the shipyards.

"Persistent"

The flagship of the Baltic Fleet, the destroyer Nastoichivy, was built at the Leningrad shipyard named after Zhdanov and launched in 1991. Designed to destroy ground targets, anti-aircraft and anti-ship defense of formations. With a width of 17.2 meters, it has a length of 156.5 meters and a displacement of 7940 tons. The crew of 296 people can sail without calling the port for up to 30 days. The destroyer is carrying a KA-27 helicopter. Equipped with twin gun mounts AK-130/54, six-barreled AK-630 mounts, P-270 "Mosquito" mounts, six-barreled rocket launchers, two "Shtil" air defense systems and torpedo tubes.

"Yury Dolgoruky"

The nuclear submarine Yuri Dolgoruky (the first submarine of Project 955 Borey) was laid down in 1996 in Severodvinsk. Commissioned in 2013. Home port - Gadzhievo. It is part of the Northern Fleet. The length of the boat is 170 meters, the underwater displacement is 24,000 tons. Maximum surface speed - 15 knots, underwater - 29 knots. The crew is 107 people. It can carry out combat duty for three months without entering the port. Yuri Dolgoruky carries 16 Bulava ballistic missiles, is equipped with PHR 9R38 Igla, 533-mm torpedo tubes, and six REPS-324 Shlagbaum acoustic countermeasures. In the coming years, six more submarines of the same class will be built on the lines of Russia.

"Severodvinsk"

The multipurpose nuclear submarine Severodvinsk became the first submarine of the new Russian project 855 Yasen. The quietest submarine in the world. Built in Severodvinsk. In 2014 she became a member of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy. Home port - Zapadnaya Litsa. With a width of 13.5 meters, it has a length of 119 meters, an underwater displacement of 13,800 tons. The surface speed of Severodvinsk is 16 knots, and the underwater speed is 31 knots. Navigation autonomy - 100 days, crew - 90 people. Has a modern silent nuclear reactor of a new generation. The submarine is equipped with ten torpedo tubes, cruise missiles P-100 Onyx, Kh-35, ZM-54E, ZM-54E1, ZM-14E. Carries strategic cruise missiles X-101 and can hit targets within a radius of up to 3000 kilometers. By 2020, Russia plans to build six more Yasen-class submarines.

Maritime peoples have a long tradition of naval design aesthetics. In addition to their main role in warfare, warships served as a political instrument for the effective projection of sea power, prestige and influence of the nation ... "

The design of a warship is a problem of the layout of various kinds of payloads. In the design process, “lines of force” are born that unite the visual composition of an object and project its power into the surrounding space. They are set by the lines of the frontal projection of superstructures and the side ledge, the size of the horizontal interval between the lines of decks and superstructures, the depth of the side, the longitudinal deflection of the hull.

Verticals help to make the subject static, while tilt lines from the visual center towards the bow and stern add dynamism to the silhouette. The external perception of the ship's appearance is determined by the degree of its superstructures moving forward and upward, which creates a general impression of impetuosity and readiness for action. The relatively large horizontal spacing between the lines of the decks and superstructures creates a sense of bulky stability, while the small ones emphasize the strength and dynamism of the ship. The power of the power lines further enhances the slope of the freeboard and stem of the ship.

Having identified the criteria for analysis and studied the external appearance of ships of different countries according to their method, the specialists of the US Navy Engineering Center unanimously recognized the best Soviet school of shipbuilding ... Ships of the "red" have always been distinguished by their unique charisma and the most sinister silhouette.

“The warship is an instrument of politics, the main of which is effective persuasion. Aesthetic perfection enhances the credibility of the warship, enhancing the credibility of national politics. The appearance of the Soviet warships was a deliberate attempt to ensure the maximum propaganda effect of the application, thanks to the use of an artistic design style ”.

I bring to your attention a selection of the most beautiful surface warships, covering the time interval over the past 70 years. The power, beauty and pride of all the fleets of the world.

10th place - Teutonic knight

The armored fat men did not like to be shot in full face: their body deeply planted in the water with huge clumsy boules became visible. Disgusting view! The Scharnhorst-class battlecruisers were the only battleships that retained their outward swiftness at least a little.

Long, relatively narrow, for its displacement hull, ending with a high "Atlantic" bow (just ending; the numbering of the frames for the Germans was carried out from the stern).

Glittering metal blisters of fire control systems. The sinister shape of the main caliber turrets, somewhat reminiscent of a fascist helmet in shape. And protruding, along most of the length of the hull, a strip of the armor belt. All this made the Scharnhorst and Gneisenau the most charismatic battleships, whose hull lines confirm the seriousness of their intentions.

9th place - "Misl Sponge" (missile catcher)

Hounds of the North Atlantic. A series of 50 Oliver H. Perry-class missile frigates promising to be a reliable and cheap means of controlling sea communications around the world. Sharp, swift stem, entering the waves like a knife. Long solid superstructure. Two helicopter hangars and an elegant "one-armed bandit" in the bow of the hull (universal launcher Mk.13).

"Perry" resembles tea clippers of bygone eras. And his modern nickname is a reflection of the fact that all missile weapons have been dismantled. In its current form, the frigate is suitable only for chasing drug couriers' boats, because it cannot perform any more serious tasks. What will happen to him in the event of an enemy attack? Missile catcher.

However, that doesn't stop Perry from being a fantastically beautiful frigate.

8th place - Skinny American

Unlike battleships of the "armor and steam" era, the missile cruiser "Ticonderoga", on the contrary, should be photographed exclusively from the bow angles. In this case, the bulk of a modern ship will rise in front of us, in whose guise lies the entire power of the Pentagon's defense technologies.

The American is proud of her graceful bow with a 40-meter bulwark. But it is worth changing the angle - and before us appears a lanky barge, decorated with 83 antennas. The vulgar appearance of "Ticonderoga" is complemented by two huge "towers", on the walls of which are hung radar grilles.

7th place - Pyramid

The most modern warship, the stealthy missile and artillery destroyer Zamvolt. The floating pyramid, the height of a 16-storey building, ushered in a new era in the history of the fleet. An era of amazing layout and bold technical solutions.

Everything here is unusual - from the strange blockage of the sides to the inclined stem-breakwater, reminiscent in shape of the destroyers of the Russo-Japanese War. An extremely large, high-tech destroyer, whose appearance fully reflects the technical advantage and ambitions of the country in which this ship was built.

6th place - "Berkut"

A masterpiece of domestic shipbuilding. A mighty cruiser that surpassed any of her foreign peers for a whole decade (1970-80).

The large anti-submarine ship of project 1134B "Berkut-B" (also known by the name of the lead ship, "Nikolaev") impresses with the number of weapons and antenna posts installed on it. In a modest but surprisingly elegant hull with a displacement of 8 thousand tons, four anti-aircraft missile systems were able to accommodate, backed up by the power of anti-submarine weapons and auxiliary equipment.

According to analysts of the US Navy, the large anti-submarine ship (BOD) "Nikolaev" gave the impression of a "ready-to-fight fighter". The superstructures and the hull of the cruiser "demonstrated coordinated and targeted lines of force."

5th place - "Udaliy"

Swan song of the Soviet shipbuilding. Large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155, which replaced the Berkuts, became a worthy continuation of the class of Soviet destroyers with hypertrophied anti-submarine weapons.

BOD pr. 1155 "Udaloy" deservedly fall into this list for the unbearably beautiful curves of the lines of their hull. The impression is enhanced by the traditional, for Soviet ships, layout with the placement of a large number of weapons on the upper deck.

4th place - "Orlan"

An atomic giant with a monumental appearance.

What was this ship built for? Even the creators of Orlan do not know the answer to this question. Crammed with missiles, he continues to plow the seas, bringing terror and awe to "likely opponents."

In the 250-meter body of the TARKR there is not a single free space where a missile, cannon or radar is not installed. However, due to its outstanding size, "Orlan", unlike "Berkuts", does not seem to be overloaded with weapons. On the contrary, a promising layout with the placement of weapons in the underdeck space gives the cruiser a polite and noble look.

The famous pirate and murderer Sir Francis Drake argued that the best emblem for a warship is an enemy corpse nailed to the stem. The bow of the new British destroyer is adorned with a red Welsh dragon. The symbol of the inviolability and safety of the protected object.

The excellent Daring broke all stereotypes about modern destroyers. The appearance determines its essence. Inside the towering pyramids, there is an unprecedented complex of airspace control equipment.

1st place. Remains free!

Everyone who is passionate about the topic of the Navy has their own ideas about the beauty of warships. I invite all readers to express their opinion in the comments!

The Russian Navy has 203 surface ships and 71 submarines, including 23 nuclear submarines equipped with ballistic and cruise missiles. Russia's defense capability at sea is ensured by modern and powerful ships.

"Peter the Great"

The heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser Peter the Great is the world's largest non-aircraft-carrying strike ship. Capable of destroying groups of enemy aircraft carriers. The only afloat cruiser of the famous Soviet project 1144 "Orlan". Built at the Baltic Shipyard and launched in 1989. Commissioned after 9 years.

For 16 years, the cruiser has covered 140,000 miles. The flagship of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy, the home port is Severomorsk.
With a width of 28.5 meters, it is 251 meters long. Full displacement of 25860 tons.
Two nuclear reactors with a capacity of 300 Megawatts, two boilers, turbines and gas turbine generators are capable of providing energy to a city with a population of 200 thousand. It can reach speeds of up to 32 knots, the cruising range is not limited. The crew of 727 people can be autonomous for 60 days.
Armament: 20 SM-233 launchers with P-700 Granit cruise missiles, firing range - 700 km. Anti-aircraft complex "Rif" S-300F (96 vertical launch missiles). Anti-aircraft system "Kortik" with a stock of 128 missiles. Gun mount AK-130. Two anti-submarine missile and torpedo systems "Waterfall", anti-torpedo system "Udav-1M". Rocket launchers RBU-12000 and RBU-1000 "Smerch-3". Three Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopters can be based on board.

"Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov"

Heavy aircraft carrier "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (project 11435). Built at the Black Sea shipyard, launched in 1985. He bore the names "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Since 1991 it has become a member of the Northern Fleet. He served in the Mediterranean and took part in the rescue operation in the case of the Kursk sinking. In three years, according to the plan, it will be spent on modernization.
The length of the cruiser is 302.3 meters, the total displacement is 55,000 tons. The maximum speed is 29 knots. A crew of 1960 can be at sea for a month and a half.
Armament: 12 anti-ship missiles "Granit", 60 missiles "Udav-1", 24 air defense systems "Blade" (192 missiles) and "Kashtan" (256 missiles). It can carry 24 Ka-27 helicopters, 16 Yak-41M vertical takeoff supersonic aircraft and up to 12 Su-27K fighters.

"Moscow"

"Moskva", guards missile cruiser. Multipurpose ship. Built at the shipyards of the 61 Communards plant in Nikolaev. It was originally called "Glory". Commissioned in 1983. The flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.
Participated in the military conflict with Georgia, in 2014 he carried out the blockade of the Ukrainian Navy.
With a width of 20.8 meters, it has a length of 186.4 meters and a displacement of 11,490 tons. The maximum speed is 32 knots. Cruising range up to 6000 nautical miles. The crew of 510 people can be in "autonomous" for a month.
Armament: 16 P-500 "Basalt" launchers, two AK-130 gun mounts, six 6-barrel gun mounts AK-630, B-204 S-300F "Rif" air defense systems (64 missiles), Osa-MA air defense missile launchers (48 missiles), torpedo tubes, RBU-6000 rocket launchers, Ka-27 helicopter.
A copy of "Moscow" - the cruiser "Varyag" is the flagship of the Pacific Fleet.

"Dagestan"

The Dagestan patrol ship was commissioned in 2012. Built at the Zelenodolsk shipyard. In 2014 transferred to the Caspian Flotilla. This is the second ship of Project 11661K, the first - "Tatarstan" is the flagship of the Caspian fleet.
"Dagestan" has more powerful and modern weapons: the universal RK "Caliber-NK", which can use several types of high-precision missiles (firing range is more than 300 km), ZRAK "Palma", AU AK-176M. Equipped with stealth technology.
With a width of 13.1 meters, "Dagestan" has a length of 102.2 meters, a displacement of 1900 tons. It can reach speeds of up to 28 knots. A crew of 120 people can be autonomous for 15 days.
Four more such ships have been laid down at the shipyards.

"Persistent"

The flagship of the Baltic Fleet, the destroyer Nastoichivy, was built at the Leningrad shipyard named after Zhdanov and launched in 1991. Designed to destroy ground targets, anti-aircraft and anti-ship defense of formations.
With a width of 17.2 meters, it has a length of 156.5 meters and a displacement of 7940 tons. The crew of 296 people can sail without calling the port for up to 30 days.
The destroyer is carrying a KA-27 helicopter. Equipped with twin gun mounts AK-130/54, six-barreled AK-630 mounts, P-270 "Mosquito" mounts, six-barrel rocket launchers, two "Shtil" air defense systems and torpedo tubes.

"Yury Dolgoruky"

The nuclear submarine Yuri Dolgoruky (the first submarine of Project 955 Borey) was laid down in 1996 in Severodvinsk. Commissioned in 2013. Home port - Gadzhievo. It is part of the Northern Fleet.
The length of the boat is 170 meters, the underwater displacement is 24,000 tons. Maximum surface speed - 15 knots, underwater - 29 knots. The crew is 107 people. It can carry out combat duty for three months without entering the port.
Yuri Dolgoruky carries 16 Bulava ballistic missiles, is equipped with PHR 9R38 Igla, 533-mm torpedo tubes, and six REPS-324 Shlagbaum acoustic countermeasures. In the coming years, six more submarines of the same class will be built on the lines of Russia.

"Severodvinsk"

The multipurpose nuclear submarine "Severodvinsk" became the first submarine of the new Russian project 855 "Ash". The quietest submarine in the world. Built in Severodvinsk. In 2014 she became a member of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy. Home port - Zapadnaya Litsa.
With a width of 13.5 meters, it has a length of 119 meters, an underwater displacement of 13,800 tons,
The surface speed of Severodvinsk is 16 knots, the underwater speed is 31 knots. Navigation autonomy - 100 days, crew - 90 people.
Has a modern silent nuclear reactor of a new generation. The submarine is equipped with ten torpedo tubes, cruise missiles P-100 Onyx, Kh-35, ZM-54E, ZM-54E1, ZM-14E. Carries strategic cruise missiles X-101 and can hit targets within a radius of up to 3000 kilometers. By 2020, Russia plans to build six more Yasen-class submarines.