The main purpose of multiple regression is the construction of a model with a large number of factors and the determination of the effect of each of the factors separately on the result, as well as the definition of the aggregate effects of factors on a modeling indicator.

The specification of the multiple regression model includes the selection of the factor and the choice of the species of the mathematical function (the choice of the form of the regression equation). Factors included in multiple regression must be quantitatively measured and should not be interconnected and even more so in exact functional communication (i.e., to a lesser extent to influence each other, but to a greater extent on the result).

Factors included in multiple regression should explain the variation of an independent variable. For example, if a model with a set of factors is built, then it contains the value of the determination indicator, which fixes the share of explained variations of an effective feature due to factors.

The influence of other unaccounted factors in the model is estimated as an appropriate residual dispersion.

When you turn on the additional factor model, the value of the determination should increase, and the residual dispersion value should decrease. If this does not occur, the additional factor does not improve the model and is practically superfluous, and the introduction of such a factor may lead to statistical not significance of regression parameters of the CTYUDENT criterion.

Selection of factors for multiple regression is carried out in two stages:

1. Factors are selected based on the essence of the problem.

2. On the basis of the matrix of correlation indicators, statistics are determined for regression parameters.

The correlation coefficients between explanatory variables that are still called intercreation coefficients make it possible to exclude duplicate factors from the model.

Two variables and are called explicitly collinear if the correlation coefficient.

If variables are obviously collinear, then they are in a strong linear dependence.



If there are clearly collinear variables, preference is given not to the factor more closely associated with the result, but the factor that has the smallest tightness of communication with other factors.

By the magnitude of the paired correlation coefficients, only the explicit collenium of factors is detected.

When using multiple regression, multicolleniarity of the facts may occur, i.e. More than two factors are interconnected by linear dependence. In such cases, MNA becomes less reliable when evaluating individual factors, the result of which it becomes difficult to interpret the parameters of multiple regression as the characteristics of the action of the factor in its pure form. The parameters of the linear regression lose economic meaning, the estimates of the parameters are unreliable, large standard errors occur, which can change with a change in observation volume, i.e. The model becomes unsuitable for analyzing and predicting the economic situation. The following methods use the following methods to estimate the multicolleniarity of the factor:

1. Definition of the matrix of paired correlation coefficients between factors, for example, if a linear model of multiple regression is specified, then the determinant of the matrix of paired coefficients will take the form:

If the value of this determinant is 1

,

that factors are nonollylinear among themselves.

If there is a complete linear dependence between factors, then all pair correlation coefficients are equal to 1, resulting in

.

2. Test method of hypothesis about the independence of variables. In this case, the zero hypothesis has been proven that the value It has an approximate distribution with the number of degrees of freedom.

If a , then zero hypothesis deviates.

Determining and comparing the coefficients of the multiple determination of the factor, using as a dependent variable sequentially each of the factors, the factors responsible for multicolleniance can be determined, i.e. Factor with the greatest value of the magnitude.

There are the following methods for overcoming a strong interface correlation:

1) an exception from a model of one or more data;

2) converting factors to reduce correlation;

3) combining the regression equation that will reflect not only factors, but also their interaction;

4) the transition of the equation of the above form, etc.

When constructing the multiple regression equation, one of the most important steps is the selection of factors included in the model. Various approaches to selection of factors based on correlation indicators to various methods, among which are most applicable:

1) Exception Method - Data Opening is made;

2) the inclusion method - introduces an additional factor;

3) Stepper Regression Analysis - exclude a previously introduced factor.

When selecting factors, the following rule apply: the number of factors included is usually 6-7 times less than the volume of the aggregate, according to the model.

The parameter is not subject to economic interpretation. In the power model, the nonlinear equation of multiple regression coefficients ,, ..., are elasticity coefficients that show how much the result will change when the corresponding factor changes by 1% with the constant effects of other factors.

The main functions of the President of the Russian Federation are defined in Article 80 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. These include:

The President of the Russian Federation is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, human rights and freedoms and citizen;

The President of the Russian Federation, in the procedure established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, takes measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity, ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of state authorities;

The President of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation determines the main directions of the internal and foreign policy of the state;

The President of the Russian Federation as the Head of State presents the Russian Federation within the country and in international relations.

The first and one of the most important functions of the President as a guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen is considered as the obligation of the president, first of all, to ensure that all government bodies fulfill their constitutional duties without going beyond their competence. The President of the Russian Federation is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and not the constitutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, but since the latter must comply with the Federal Constitution, the presidential function must be considered as the entire system of constitutional legality in the country. The president cannot not participate, if at least one state authority does not comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and even more so, if at the same time, in any way, the rights and freedoms of any groups or segments of the population are infringed. The president not only has the right, but also is obliged to take measures to eliminate violations of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, up to the use of the widest coercion on a legal basis, if organized criminal gangs or illegal armed formations are operating on the territory of the state, which proceeds by direct and real threat to state safety. and human rights in peacetime.

Thus, the foregoing means that the President is personally responsible for organizing the uninterrupted work mechanism for the protection of the Constitution and human rights and citizen.

Performing a second function on the protection of state sovereignty, independence of Russia, its state integrity, ensuring the agreed functioning and interaction of state authorities, the President of the Russian Federation acts without going beyond its powers established by the current constitution. The President is obliged to determine violations or threat of violation of sovereignty, independence and state integrity and take appropriate measures to neutralize them. These actions may be phased or simultaneous if it comes to sudden external aggression when decisive measures are required.

Each authority (institute) of state power, as part of its competence, is obliged to carry out functions that are aimed at implementing the Constitution to protect the rights and freedoms of the individual. However, the institutions of state power only partially ensure the effect of the Constitution, therefore, before the President, the task is to maintain the state sustainability as a whole, because only under these conditions the authorities and officials will be able to normally exercise their powers in the normal constitutional mode. The presidential is also highlighted in the state system. Because the president provides the conditions under which all the institutions of the authorities are able to fulfill their functions, as well as the duties of presidential control, ensuring that all the institutions of the authorities acted as part of their authority and not one of the institutions of power could not encroach on the prerogatives of the other, the violent methods to assign Power in a country or whose own authority.

The third function of the President of the Russian Federation points out its ability to determine the main directions of the internal and foreign policy of the state. Previously, this function belonged to the congress of people's deputies of the Russian Federation. However, this does not mean that the President of the Russian Federation plays the role of an almighty ruler of the country to which the congress claimed. This is due to a number of factors:

  • 1. In the current Constitution, a model of separation of the authorities was consistently implemented. In the former constitution, this was only proclaimed, but it was not finally fixed.
  • 2. The president determines not at all the internal and foreign policy of the state, but only its main directions.
  • 3. The implementation of this authority is limited to the legal condition - the compliance of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.

The meaning of this function of the president is as follows. The President is the head of state, but at the same time he has a political representation (mandate) given to him by the people in direct general elections. Considering this function it is important to establish what the role of this authority in relation to other state authorities. Determining the main directions of internal and foreign policy, the President proclaims its own understanding of state priorities. In accordance with the Constitution, the president should not agree with anyone with anyone about policies. But with reality, he cannot but reckon not with the situation in the country, nor with the state of the budget, nor with public opinion. However, this does not mean that the main directions of policies defined by the president should be considered as such that can only be taken into account by other authorities.

The main directions of policies are determined by the president in various forms:

annual Messages to the Parliamentary, as an assessment of the state of affairs in the country and future state tasks;

budget messages of the President of the country to the Government of the Russian Federation;

thematic conceptual documents of the President;

decrees, as well as some public speeches of the President of the Russian Federation.

And the fourth, no less important feature of the president as a representative of the Russian Federation within the country and in international relations. The president, presenting the Russian Federation within the country, speaks on behalf of all federal authorities in relationship, primarily with the power structures of the subjects of the Federation. An example of the president's representative office can be the signing of it on behalf of the federal authority on the delimitation of items and powers between the federal state authorities and the state authorities of the subjects of the Federation. The President submits the Russian Federation and in relations with the structures of civil society. However, he has the right to use only the powers established by the Constitution. The leaders of other federal authorities can also enter into relations with the authorities of the Federation constituent entities and public structures, but they can only represent a particular state body, while the President represents the entire state as a whole.

The representative office in international relations the president personifies the Russian Federation as a state - the subject of international relations, the country is sovereign and independent. The President signs international treaties, participates in negotiations on behalf of Russia or entrusts this or another state official.

In accordance with international law, the President enjoys the right to the highest honors when applying official visits to other states.

This chapter reviewed the constitutional status of the President of the Russian Federation. Of all the above, we can conclude that the President of the Russian Federation, which is the head of state and the main official, tasks and functions aimed at ensuring the coordinated functioning, both state bodies, individual citizens and the whole state as a whole are assigned to ensure.

The President of the Russian Federation in the system of state power of Russia (and by and large - his social purpose and political role in the life of the country as a whole) is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Art. 80) by the functions:

  • - representative function (being the head of the sovereign state, the President without any additional authority submits the Russian Federation both in international relations and within the country - in relations with the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities, various institutions of civil society (political parties and public associations, confessions, associations of entrepreneurs, science, education, culture, sports, youth, veteran organizations, various diasporas, etc.);
  • - a guarantor's function of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, human rights and freedoms and citizen, sovereignty, independence and state integrity of the Russian Federation;
  • - ensuring the agreed functioning and interaction of government bodies (and the state authorities of various branches and levels);
  • - The definition of the main directions of the internal and foreign policy of the state (of course, not arbitrarily, and in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws and federal laws).

The first of the basic functions of the President of the Russian Federation is to be a guarantee of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, human rights and freedoms and citizen. By virtue of this, he must first provide a provision in which all state bodies fulfill their constitutional duties without going beyond their competence. For this, he must contact any federal authority and the authority of the authority of the constituency of the Russian Federation with a proposal to bring its acts or actions in line with the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The President is a guarantee of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and not the constitutions of the subjects of the Russian Federation, but since the latter must comply with the Federal Constitution, the function of the President of the Russian Federation should be understood as a guarantee of the entire system of constitutional legality in the country. The president cannot remain indifferent if at least one body violates or does not comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and even more so when the rights and freedoms of any groups of the population are infringed or violated. The president is not only entitled, but simply is obliged to take action until the use of the widest coercion on a legal basis, if organized criminal gangs or illegal armed groups are operating on the territory of the state, which proceeds the direct and real threat of territorial integrity, state security and human rights in peaceful Time The Guarantor's function requires the president of constant care about the effectiveness of the judicial system and the implementation of very many other shares, directly not formulated in its powers, naturally, without invoking the prerogatives of Parliament. Discretionary power, inevitable in any state, is not in itself a violation of democracy and not alien to the legal state, unless, of course, the actions of the head of state do not lead to repression and broad human rights violations, do not explode the mechanism of public harmony and do not lead to massive disobedience Discretion does not cross the constitutional law of citizens to judicial appeal against the actions of the president. As a ha-rant of the rights and freedoms of citizens, President is obliged to develop and propose laws, and in case of their absence and continue, before the adoption of federal laws, decrees to protect the rights and freedoms of certain categories of citizens (pensioners, military personnel, etc.), to combat organized crime etc.

The PF function of the presidential protection of the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity is just as widely formulated in the Constitution. It is clear that the president should act within the limits of its powers established by the Constitution, but in this case the discretionary authority is excluded, without which the objectives of the overall function cannot be achieved. Thus, only the president himself and to measure his understanding should determine the violation or threat of violation of sovereignty, independence and state integrity and take appropriate actions that can be phased, unless of course, we are not talking about a sudden nuclear attack or other rude forms of external aggression when Required actions are required, including the use of force. The Constitution provides for the procedure for the declaration of war, but our century, full of unpredictable events, may arise an extraordinary situation that requires a quick operational and adequate response from the president. Everyone for the expenses of Russia's interests should admit that the price of all constitutional legality, if the president does not implement its constitutional function, although formulated in very general expressions, and the territorial disintegration of the state, external interference in the internal affairs or the development of separatism will admit.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation points out that the implementation of this function should be held in the "manner established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation" (for example, by introducing a military or emergency, which provided for in Part 2 of Article 87 and Art. 56 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). But life can present cases for whom the procedure for the President's actions is directly provided by the Constitution. Here, the President is also obliged to act decisively, based on his own understanding of his duties as a guarantor of the Constitution or resorting to the interpretation of the Constitution with the help of the Constitutional Court.

The function of the Russian Federation to ensure the agreed functioning and interaction of state authorities is very complex and responsible. Unlike a number of countries (France et al.) The President of the Russian Federation is not called the Arbitrator in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the relationship between the three authorities, from which the opinion was born, as if he was "above the three authorities," but essentially the Russian President and there is an arbiter if The main authorities do not find agreed solutions or generate conflicts in relationships. Based on this role, the President of the Russian Federation has the right to resort to conciliation procedures and other measures to overcome crisis and dispute resolution. This feature is important for the interaction of state authorities both at the federal level and at the level of the relationship of the state authorities of the Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation and between different subjects of the Russian Federation.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation places a function of determining the main directions of the internal and foreign policy of the state, negotiating, however, that this function should be carried out in accordance with the Constitution and federal laws. The Federal Law indicates that the Federal Assembly also participates in determining the main directions of internal and foreign policy. The relationship between the president and parliament in this process is the most painful nerve of the formation of state policy. However, the possibilities of the parliament, taking into account the complexity of the legislative process, is still less than the president. And to practically organize on theoretical and expert database, the development of problems of internal and foreign policy, collect the necessary information for this, etc. To greater extent, the president. In general, the process of determining the main directions of the state policy is developing in collaboration of the President and the Federal Assembly, but the latter always keeps the opportunity to correct the presidential course on this or that issue by adopting the relevant federal law.

The constitutional functions of the President of the Russian Federation are concretized and complemented by the Law of the Russian Federation "On Security". Safety is understood as the state of the protection of the vital interests of the person, society and the state from internal and external threats. The main objects of security include: a person - its rights and freedoms, society - its material and spiritual values, the state is its constitutional system, sovereignty and territorial integrity. The main security subject is the state, and citizens, public and other organizations and associations are declared by law by security entities.

This law consolidates some functions and powers of the President of the Russian Federation. Thus, the President of the Russian Federation exercises the general guidance of government security bodies, heads the Security Council, controls and coordinates the activities of government security bodies, within a certain amount of competence, adopts operational security solutions. Therefore, it was the President of the Russian Federation directly directs the security forces listed in the Law: Armed Forces, the Federal Security Service, the internal affairs bodies, foreign exploration, the Federal Security Service, which ensures the security of legislative, executive and judicial authorities and their top officials, the tax service, formations civil defense, border troops, internal troops, government communications and information service, ensuring the safety of communications and information, etc. Almost all of these forces are managed by independent ministries and departments, whose leaders are subordinated to the President of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Justice, Federal Security Service, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Federal Security Service, Federal Border Service. External Intelligence Service, Ministry of Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Eliminate Disasters, Federal Service Tax of the police, the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information, the State Technical Commission, the Federal Service for Railway Forces, the State Feldgerer service.

In order to consolidate the efforts of federal state bodies and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to ensure the national interests and security of the Russian Federation by decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 10, 2000, the concept of national security of the Russian Federation was approved. This document contains the national interests of Russia, the threats of national security and the task of ensuring national security.

Executive functions The President exercises solely. He has the right to send his representatives to the federal districts (this is the right of representation "within the country"), and these representatives are officials representing the president. Speaking in the field of international relations, the Russian President is negotiating with the heads of other states, has the right to sign international treaties on behalf of Russia, to join international organizations, to appoint ambassadors and representatives to other states. In accordance with international law, he enjoys under the Protocol with the right to top honors when applying official visits to other states. Any international obligations adopted by officials on behalf of the Russian state without instructions of the President of the Russian Federation may be disavowed (declared invalid).

Articles 83 and 84 of the Constitution set forth part of the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, a number of other rights and obligations are specified in Art. 85-90 of this chapter. Article 83 defines the powers of the President in relation to the government:

1) The president in accordance with the Constitution appoints the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation with the consent of the State Duma. The presentation of the president on this issue is made to the State Duma no later than a two-week term after joining the post of newly elected president or after the resignation of the government either during the week from the date of rejecting the candidate for the President of the Government of the State Duma;

2) The president has the right to chair the government meetings, i.e. To conduct government meetings to speak out, it also determines the main directions of the internal and foreign policy of the state, in this case the president acts as the head of the executive power;

3) The president owns the right to decide on the resignation of the government in cases: submitting a statement of a resignation, expressing distrust to the Government of the State Duma, refusing to the State Duma in trust by the government. The President has the right to decide on the resignation of the government on its own initiative, in which case the State Duma's consent to the liberation of the Chairman of the Government is required.

When applying for a resignation, the president may not agree with this statement and instruct it to continue the fulfillment of duties. The president is given the right to disagree with the decision of the State Duma about the expression of the distrust to the government or to refuse confidence, but when re-distrusting the State Duma, the President announces the resignation of the government or dissolves the State Duma;

4) A special group can be allocated to the authority of the president, enshrined in this article, to appoint and release officials of the Russian Federation, which occupy key posts at the federal level:

The appointment and liberation from the post of Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, members of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank produced by the State Duma. At the same time, the chairman of the Central Bank is appointed and exempt on the presidential representation. With the rejection of the candidate proposed for the position of chairman of the Central Bank, the President within two weeks makes a new candidacy. One candidacy can not be made more than two times;

Appointment and liberation from the post of deputy chairmen of the government and federal ministers, although these persons are appointed on the proposal of the President of the Government, but the President reserved all the rights of personal purpose of persons who are part of the government;

The President submits the Council of the Federation of Candidates for the position of judges of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Arbitration Court, the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation. The appointment of these officials is carried out by the Federation Council. He can be released on the presidential prosecutor's office. Russian President independently appoints the judges of other federal courts;

The President shall generate the presidential administration, which is a state body created in order to ensure the activities of the president. The administration includes the head of the administration, the first deputies, deputy heads, the presidential assistants, the main departments, the authorized representatives of the President, the Security Council and the Defense Council, other divisions. The presidential administration operates in accordance with the Constitution, federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of Russia;

In accordance with the Constitution, the president appoints and exempts from the post of plenipotentiary representatives of the President who represent the interests of the president in the federal authorities of state authorities, the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation, local governments, as well as in Russian foreign and international organizations;

The President of the Russian Federation, being the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Russia, appoints and frees the highest command of the Armed Forces (commander of the order of troops, military districts, etc.);

The president is given a constitutional right to appoint and report diplomatic representatives of the Russian Federation in foreign countries and international organizations. The appointment or feedback of diplomatic representatives is preceded by consultations with committees and commissions of the Federal Assembly, which president can take into account, but they do not bear compulsory. On this issue, the president issues a decree.

One of the main tasks of the President of our country is the protection of the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its integrity and independence. When fulfilling its powers in solving these issues, the President relies on the Security Council, the status of which is determined by the Federal Law (the Law on Safety of March 5, 1992). The Security Council prepares the decisions of the Presidential Security, considers the issues of internal, external and military policies and other types of security (economic, social, environmental, etc.). The permanent members and members of the Security Council are appointed by the President of the Russian Federation on the submission of the Security Council Secretary, which is appointed and exempt from office by the President. On the most important issues of decisions of the Security Council are issued by the decrees of the President of Russia.

Military doctrine defines the military-political activities of our state. The main provisions of the military doctrine of the Russian Federation pose a set of official views on military issues, including on issues of preventing wars, military conflicts, protect the vital interests of our state. Proposals for military doctrine are developed by the General Staff of the Armed Forces. The main provisions of the military doctrine guarantee the strict compliance by Russia of the UN Charter, international norms, principles and have a defensive orientation.

Article 84 establishes the powers of the president who relate to its relationship with the legislative power.

The President of the Russian Federation as the head of state, with the aim of continuous work of state power, appoints the election of the State Duma. The Constitution identifies the term of office of the State Duma - four years. The day of elections is the first Sunday after the expiration of the period on which the State Duma of the former convocation was elected. The period from the day the president of the elections must be at least four months before the election day.

The President of the Russian Federation appoints the election of deputies of the State Duma also in the case of the dissolution of the State Duma in the deadlines and the procedure provided for by the Constitution of Russia.

The President dissolves the State Duma only in cases determined by the Constitution itself in Articles 111 and 117 (see comments on the specified articles). It must be borne in mind that the President has the right to dissolve only one chamber of the Federal Assembly. The dissolution of another chamber - the Council of the Federation - the constitution is not provided at all.

The president's powers and the appointment of a referendum, which, along with free elections, is the highest direct expression of the will of the people. The general provisions of the referendum, the procedure for its purpose, the voting procedures and other issues are determined by the Federal Constitutional Law "On Referendum of the Russian Federation" of October 10, 1995

The President has the right of legislative initiative, it owns the right to make bills to the State Duma, and if the bill is urgent, it is subject to extraordinary consideration at the meetings of the Duma.

The Russian President is entitled to make proposals for amendments and revise the provisions of the Constitution of Russia.

The president is entrusted to sign and publish federal laws. This is the traditional function of the head of state, which gives the law a binding force. The federal law adopted within five days is sent to the President of the Russian Federation, which for fourteen days should sign and publish the law. The President has the right to reject the law that entails his re-consideration. By virtue of the Constitution, the President is not entitled to refuse to sign and publish the Federal Constitutional Law.

Federal Constitutional Laws, federal laws enter into force simultaneously throughout the Russian Federation after ten days after the day of their official publication, if the laws themselves are not established by another procedure for their entry into force.

In the event that the procedure for signing and promulgation of the law is not met, such a law has no legal force.

The Constitution of Russia established that the President addresses the Federal Assembly with annual positions on the situation in the country, the main directions of the internal and foreign policy of the state. These messages do not have the power of the law, they carry the nature of the installation documents.

The presidential messages are discussed at joint meetings of the Chambers of Parliament.

The President defines the main directions of the state's military policy, leads the leadership of Russia's armed forces, other military formations and organizations. The authorities of the president include the publication of decrees about the appearance of citizens to military service, as well as the approval of the Civil Defense Plan of the Russian Federation, they also approve the plans of the dislocation of the Armed Forces and other troops, the placement of military facilities. The President is negotiating and signs international treaties of the Russian Federation on joint defense and military cooperation on collective security issues. As the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the President within its authority issues orders and directives, mandatory for the execution by the armed forces, other troops, military formations. Management of Russia's Armed Forces is carried out by the Ministry of Defense and the General Headquarters of the Armed Forces.

The President of the Russian Federation introduces military situation throughout the country or in its individual locations and immediately reports to both the wards of the Federal Assembly. The presidential decree on the introduction of the Military Regulation is subject to approval by the Federation Council, which confirms the legal force of this Decree.

Military provision is introduced by the president in the event of aggression against Russia or the immediate threat of aggression and is a special legal regime of the life of the state. During the military situation, state authorities and local governments are endowed with special authority, new war management bodies are being created. The introduction of military situation is associated with certain restrictions on the rights of citizens, the state power focuses in the hands of the military. During the period of operation throughout the Russian Federation of military situation, the State Duma is not subject to dissolution.

The President of the Russian Federation under the circumstances in the manner prescribed by the Federal Constitutional Law introduces a state of emergency in the territory of the Russian Federation or in separate areas of its immediate report on this to the Federation Council and the State Duma (Article 88 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

The purpose of the introduction of a state of emergency is to ensure the safety of citizens and the protection of the constitutional system. The procedure for introducing a state of emergency is determined by the Law of the Russian Federation of May 17, 1991 "On Emergency". A state of emergency is introduced by decree of the President of Russia in cases of attempts to a violent change of constitutional system, interethnic conflicts, mass unrest, natural disasters, etc. With the termination of the emergency, all acts adopted in connection with the introduction of a state of emergency are lost.

The president's right to introduce a state of emergency to the Council of the Federation and the State Duma to inform the Council of Federation and the State Duma to immediately report this. Decree presidents of emergency is subject to approval by the Federation Council.

According to the law "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation", the President solves issues:

Admission to citizenship of the Russian Federation of foreign citizens, citizens of the former USSR and individuals without citizenship;

Makes decisions on recovery of citizenship;

Gives permission to exit citizenship;

Allows a citizen of the Russian Federation to have dual citizenship.

Before the decision of these issues, they are preliminarily discussed in the Commission on Citizenship Commission under the President of the Russian Federation.

The competence of the President also includes the resolution of issues of granting political asylum, which is the sovereign right of the state subject of international law. In the Russian Federation, only the President has the right to grant political asylum.

The President exercises the highest form of state promotion - awarding by state awards of Russia. The President also assigns the honorary titles of the Russian Federation, approves the statuses of the orders and regulations on medals, issues decrees to establish state awards and awarding them.

State awards are the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, Order, Medals, Differences of the Russian Federation, honorary titles of the Russian Federation. State awards can be awarded citizens of Russia, stateless persons, foreign citizens. The President of the Russian Federation assigns military ranks of Marshals, Generals and Admirals. To preliminary consideration of these issues under the President, the Commission on State Awards was established.

The president is given the right of pardon. Pardon is an act of supreme power, which fully or partially relieves the convicted person from punishment or replaces the punishment on a softer. Act of pardon can be removed conviction from those who have already departed punishment. Pardon acts are always individual character, i.e. They are accepted for a specific person or several specific persons.

The acts of the president who bear normative legal purposes come into force throughout Russia at the same time after the expiry of seven days after their official publication, if the act is not established any other period.

The Russian President has inviolability (Art. 91 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

In this article, an important characteristic of the status of the President of the Russian Federation is given - his integrity. This article does not disclose the content of inviolability. But from the analysis of other provisions of the Constitution, you can make the following conclusion:

1) the inviolability of the president is related to to create all the guarantees for his term of office, i.e. During its powers, the president cannot be detained, arrested and exposed to a search and personal inspection;

2) inviolability also applies to residential and office premises, which the president occupies on the personal and service vehicles used, things;

3) The president cannot undergo criminal, administrative and civil liability for an offense. Thus, the Constitution provides the president absolute unlimited integrity.