Where the river Ugra begins. Ugra river, Russia. Art Park and Archaeological Complex in Nikola-Lenivets Estate

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The Ugra River is located in the Smolensk and Kaluga regions of Russia. The Ugra belongs to the Volga basin and flows into the Oka, being its left tributary. Ugra is known primarily due to the historical event of 1480 called "Standing on the Ugra River". This "standing" put an end to the Mongol-Tatar yoke and made the Moscow state completely independent.

River length: 399 kilometers.

Drainage basin area: 15,700 km sq.

Where it flows: The source of the river is in the southeastern part of the Smolensk region on the Smolensk Upland. Almost throughout its course, Ugra is surrounded by high banks overgrown with forests. In some places, there are also treeless places. In the lower reaches, sandy beaches are quite common. The Ugra flows in, as already mentioned in the Oka, 15 km above Kaluga.

Inhabitants, fishing on the Ugra: the fish in the river are basically the same as in the Oka. These are such commercial species: burbot, bream, pike, podust, roach, chub. In the lower reaches you can find pike perch, sterlet, catfish.

Video: “Cool place. Fishing river Ugra ".

Food: the river has a mixed type of food. Melted water accounts for 60% of the supply, 30% of the river's supply comes from groundwater, and about 5% from rainwater. Due to the peculiarities of feeding, with a predominance of melt water, the regime of the river is characterized by high spring floods. Summer low water can be interrupted by rain floods. The winter low-water period is more stable and low.

The width of the river bed is 70-80 m. The depth in low-water periods on rifts is 0.4-0.6 and on stretches up to 4 meters.

Now, briefly about the so-called "Standing on the Ugra river"... This event took place in 1480, as a result of the war between the Moscow prince Ivan III and the khan of the Great Horde Akhmat. Ivan III refused to pay tribute to the Horde in 1476 and was forced to take battle.

Akhmat's attempts to cross the Oka were unsuccessful. Therefore, he made an attempt to come in from the flank. To do this, enlisting the support of the Polish-Lithuanian king Casimir IV. Kazimir himself was unable to provide military assistance, as he was distracted by Moscow's ally, the Crimean Tatars. In addition, Ivan III, taking advantage of the fact that Akhmat had gathered all the forces on the Ugra, sent a sabotage group into the possession of the Khan with the aim of making a devastating raid and, possibly, seizing and plundering the Horde's capital - Sarai.

Both troops stood on the river for almost a month, and did not engage in a decisive battle. In the end, on October 28, 1480, Ivan III began to withdraw troops to Kremenets and then concentrated at Borovsk in order to meet the Tatars here in a favorable atmosphere if they decided to cross the river, but Akhmat did not dare and on November 11 began to return to the Horde. After these events, the Ugra River was named the "Belt of the Virgin".

If you like historical reconstructions, you can visit the festival of historical reconstruction and fencing: "Standing on the Ugra River".

Here is a video from the festival:

In history, it gained fame in connection with the confrontation between the troops of the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat and the Grand Duke Ivan III in the fall of 1480 ("Standing on the Ugra"). During the war of 1812, partisans of Denis Davydov and Yukhnov militias operated in the river basin, who did not allow the French to occupy this territory. During the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Ugra became one of the natural lines of defense of Moscow.

The river originates from the Smolensk-Moscow Upland; flows into the Oka 12 km above Kaluga. The length of the river is 399 km, the basin area is 15.7 thousand km 2 - the 4th tributary of the Oka River in terms of basin area and length. The largest tributaries: Resa (right); Vorya, Shanya, Sukhodrev (leftists). There are 213 lakes and reservoirs in the Ugra basin with a total area of ​​4.76 km 2.

The upper part of the basin (heights up to 250-300 m) has a dense network of ravines and gullies. In the lower reaches, the Ugra flows along a slightly and medium hilly plain, composed of loam and sandy loam. The basin's climate is moderately continental. The average annual air temperature is + 4.0 ° С ... + 4.5 ° С. The average January temperature is -10 ° С, in July - + 17 ° С. On average, 600–650 mm of precipitation falls annually (most of it in the form of summer rains). The river basin is located in the mixed forest zone. Forests cover about 63% of the basin area.

In the upper reaches, the slopes of the valley are moderately steep, 4–15 m high; in the lower reaches, the steepness of the slopes increases, and the depth of the valley incision reaches 30–40 m. Gully erosion is developed on the slopes of the valley. The width of the valley in the lower reaches of the river is 3.5 km. The width of the floodplain varies from 1–2 to 3.5 km. In the lower reaches, the channel is 70–80 m wide. The banks are steep, steep, 3–5 m high, composed of sand and sandy loam, easily eroded. The channel of the Ugra is moderately meandering, unbranched. The depth of the channel in low-water periods is 0.4–0.6 m on the rifts, and 4 m on the stretches. The speed of the current is 0.4–0.6 m / s. Channel sediments: sand, gravel.

The average long-term water discharge in the lower reaches of the river is 89.0 m 3 / s (the volume of flow is 2.809 km 3 / year). The river is mainly fed by snow. Eastern European type of water regime. The spring flood begins at the end of March and ends in the first ten days of May. The maximum flow rate is 3460 m 3 / s. The river is characterized by a relatively stable summer-autumn low-water period. The minimum water discharge for the period of the open channel is 13.8 m 3 / s. In winter, it decreases to 10.3 m 3 / s. The river freezes over in November - early January. The ice cover breaks down in late March - early April.

Mineralization of water in the summer low-water period is 260–360 mg / l, in winter it increases to 400–500 mg / l. In terms of chemical composition, water belongs to the hydrocarbonate class and the calcium group, and in terms of quality it corresponds to conditionally pure.

Ugra is an attractive destination for water tourists. Since 1997, the Ugra National Park has been operating in the river basin. This river remains one of the cleanest and richest in fish rivers in the distant Moscow region. It is home to pike, perch, roach, bream, asp, burbot, podust, chub, pike perch, catfish, sterlet, etc. On the river bank there is the town of Yukhnov, there are many villages.

N.I. Alekseevsky, K.F. Rethyum

Ugra is a river in the Smolensk and Kaluga regions of Russia, (the Volga basin).
It is a very picturesque river, along the banks of the preserved forests, it is interesting for travel and rafting. The banks of the Ugra are the most picturesque in the Ugra National Park.
Ugra gained the widest popularity in 1480 after the so-called Standing on the Ugra River, the confrontation between the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat and the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, who is considered the end of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. Because of its defensive significance, the river was named the "Belt of the Virgin".
Length 399 km, basin area 15 700 km ².
It originates in the Smolensk Upland in the southeast of the Smolensk region.

Church of the Savior-on-Ugre - near the mouth of the Ugra river

The river is fed mixed: the share of melt water runoff is on average about 60%, more than 30% of the annual runoff falls on groundwater, and only about 5% - on rainwater runoff. The level regime of the river is characterized by a clearly pronounced high spring flood, low summer-autumn low-water period, interrupted by rain floods, and a stable long-term low winter low-water period. The spring flood begins at the end of March and ends in the first ten days of May. During the flood period, the total water rise above the winter low-water period in the middle and lower reaches of the Ugra in high-water years is 10-11 m.

Average annual water consumption - 35 km from the mouth - about 90 m³ / sec. Freezes in November - early January.

The river valley is floodplain, with a floodplain width of 1-2 km, in the lower reaches - 3.5 km. The width of the channel in the lower reaches is 70-80 m. The depths during low-water periods on the rifts are equal to 0.4-0.6 m, the greatest on the stretches - 4 m. The average speed of the water flow is 0.4-0.6 m / s.

In the Kaluga region, the Ugra bed stretches for 160 km. Its main tributaries: Vorya, Ressa, Techa, Shan, Izver, Zhizhala. The Ugra bed is made of sand and pebbles. Ugra is about 10 km above Kaluga.

Ugra in the Kaluga Region Ugra River

Tributaries (km from the mouth]
2 km: Rosvyanka river (pr)
13 km: river Veprika (лв)
36 km: river Shan (лв)
47 km: river Izver (Izverya) (лв)
75 km: river Techa (pr)
99 km: river Verezhka (лв)
112 km: river Sokhna (лв)
115 km: river Kunova (pr)
120 km: Remezh River (pr)
121 km: river Ress (pr)
123 km: river Uzhayka (pr)
149 km: river Sobzha (pr)
154 km: river Vorya (лв)
159 km: river Uyka (лв)
185 km: river Tureya (лв)
204 km: river Zhizhala (лв)
205 km: Voronovka river (лв)
232 km: river Sigosa (pr)
236 km: Volosta river (лв)
243 km: Leonidovka river (pr)
248 km: river Elenka (лв)
255 km: Bolshaya Slocha river (pr)
265 km: river Debrea (лв)
274 km: Dymenka river (лв)
279 km: river Gordota (лв)
280 km: river Oskovka (pr)
286 km: Makovka river (pr)
288 km: Baskakovka river (pr)
289 km: Vorona river (pr)
302.3 km: Yasenka river (лв)
303 km: river Nezhichka (лв)
322 km: Polyanovka river (лв)
328.8 km: river Guda (pr)
326.8 km: river Uzhrept (pr)
327.3 km: river Nevestinka (лв)
339 km: river Zhostovnya (pr)
347 km: river Chernavka (лв)
360 km: Leshchenko river (лв)
363 km: Usiya river (лв)
366 km: Teremsenya river (Teremshon, Teremsha) (лв)
372 km: Demina river (pr)
374 km: Klyuchevka River (Klyuevka) (лв)
380 km: river Dobrichka (лв)
388 km: river Ugrica (pr)

summer rainbow on the eel

Historical background
For a long time, the Ugra was a border river between various ethno-tribal and political formations. Mentions of military and political clashes are contained in chronicles starting from 1147: this is information about the Polovtsian raids, about the Russian-Lithuanian border conflicts, etc.

Ugra gained the widest popularity in 1480 after the so-called Standing on the Ugra River, the confrontation between the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat and the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, who is considered the end of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. Because of its defensive significance, the river was named the "Belt of the Virgin".
During the Patriotic War of 1812, the Pougorye territory was guarded by the partisans of Denis Davydov and the Yukhnov militias under the command of Semyon Khrapovitsky. Thanks to the active actions of the partisans, the Yukhnovsky district was not occupied by the Napoleonic army.

During the Great Patriotic War, during the enemy offensive on Moscow, the Ugra River became a natural border, for the capture of which bloody battles unfolded in October 1941. The most famous among these events is the defense by the detachment of Major I. G. Starchak and the cadets of the Podolsk military schools of the bridge over the Ugra and its shores near the city of Yukhnov.

Here, on the Ugra, the squadron commander A.G. Rogov repeated the feat of N. Gastello. An anti-aircraft shell hit his plane. There was no hope of salvation, and A. G. Rogov sent a burning plane to one of the fascist crossings across the Ugra. The twin-engine car, destroying the bridge, cut deeply into the bottom of the river.

One of the most tragic episodes of the Great Patriotic War is also associated with the Ugra - the death of the 33rd Army of Lieutenant General M.G. Efremov, which was surrounded by Vyazma. The strike forces of the 33rd Army were unable to withstand the many times outnumbered enemy and were defeated. Seriously wounded M. G. Efremov, not wanting to be taken prisoner, shot himself. The Pavlovsk bridgehead, however, was held by the forces of the 43rd Army and remained impregnable.

rafting on the Ugra river

Water register of Russia
09010100412110000020453
Pool code 09.01.01.004
GI code 110002045
Volume GI 10
The Ugra flows almost along its entire length in the high wooded banks; however, there are also treeless places. In the lower reaches there are many sandy beaches, in the upper reaches there are almost none.
Of the fish in the Ugra there are the same species as in the Oka. The main commercial fish are chub, burbot, bream, pike, podust, roach. Pike perch, sterlet, catfish are found in the lower reaches.
In 1997, the Ugra National Park was established. Ugra river

LOCATION ON THE UGRA AND ZHIZHALA RIVERS
The Ugra, almost along its entire length, flows in high wooded banks; however, there are also treeless places. In the lower reaches there are many sandy beaches, in the upper reaches there are almost none. Ugra is one of the most popular rivers in the Moscow region. Suitable for kayaking for 375 km.
The length of the route sections: st. Korobets - Gorodok - 30 km; Town - Shoots - 45 km; Shoots - Art. Ugra - 25 km; Art. Ugra - Znamenka - 30 km; Znamenka - Antipino - 40 km; Antipino - Yukhnov - 70 km; Yukhnov - the mouth of the Shan - 80 km; the mouth of the Shan - Kaluga (on the Oka) - 52 km.
In floods, you can start from st. Korobets (line Smolensk - Sukhinichi). From the station to the water - 1.5 km.
However, the upper reaches of the Ugra are shallow, the banks are low, and there are few forests. The more picturesque part of the route is from the village. Small town forests here come to the water itself, the banks become higher. In places, the trees leaning towards the water form green corridors. The depth of the river here is about 0.5 m, the width is 7-10 m. However, access to Gorodok is possible only by motor transport, and the last 25-30 km along a country road.
More reliable approaches to the village. Seedlings associated with Art. Baskakovka and Ugra (line Vyazma - Bryansk) - 18 and 30 km, respectively. You can also get from Vyazma along the Moscow - Bobruisk highway.
Downstream of Vskhodov to the village of Gorodischi, the Ugra still flows in the wooded banks. The river in this section receives a number of tributaries and becomes fuller, its width increases to 10-15 m.
The most convenient entry point to the upper reaches of the river is st. Ugra. From the station to the water 3 km. Below the railway bridge the forests are thinning, and before the village. Znamenka disappear. Shoals, islets, rocky rifts appear in the channel. Znamenka is connected by bus with Vyazma.
Behind Znamenka begins one of the most picturesque sections of the Ugra, stretching almost all the way to Yukhnov. The villages here are located at a considerable distance from each other. Along the banks there are high terraces, covered mainly with pine forests. There are many good places for parking, although sometimes the approach to the water is complicated by thickets of bushes or the steepness of the high bank.

In some areas, the current slows down and the channel overgrows in summer. Below the village of Antipino, the Zhizhala flows into the Ugra on the left. Not far from its mouth there is a small rocky rift. Below Antipino, pine forests still alternate with deciduous ones, occasionally there are copses and fields.
Immediately after the confluence of the Vori on the left, a small roll forms on the Ugra. There are more and more sandy beaches along the banks, the forest is thinning, and in front of Yukhnov it disappears.
From Yukhnov you can take a bus to Moscow, Kaluga, Vyazma.
Hikes down the Ugra often start from Yukhnov. In this case, it is advisable not to go to the bus station, but to disembark at the bridge over the river. The width of the Ugra in the Yukhnov region is 30-60 m.
Below the city, the shores are low, and from the village of Alonyi Gory they rise again. After the Aloni Mountains, the river makes a sharp turn, and a particularly picturesque section of the lower reaches of the Ugra begins. In the area of ​​the villages of Goryachkino and Pakhomovo, the channel is squeezed by high steep banks, the slopes of which are overgrown with dense forests. Below p. Nikola-Lenivets comes across shoals, small rocky rifts.
Behind the mouth of the left tributary, the Shani, the width of the Ugra reaches 40-80 m. The shores are still high, in places steep. There are fewer forests and they are found in small strips and islands.
Approximately 10 km below s. Palaces the river makes a turn and the village approaches it from the right bank. Kurovskaya, from where you can take a bus to Kaluga. Below the Kurovsky coast of the Ugra, up to the confluence with the Oka, open, treeless.
The hike can be extended to Kaluga (about 12 km), but the Oka is of little interest in this section, its banks are treeless, and in bad weather the wind blows a steep wave. Better to stop sailing at the highway bridge across the Ugra and get to the city by bus or passing car.
In the spring, a hike along the Ugra can be started along one of its tributaries - the Zhizhale, flowing near the station. Zhizhalo (Kaluga - Vyazma line).
In summer, the river becomes very shallow, overgrown and becomes practically impassable. Zhizhala is not wide, very winding and rather fast. Its turns are abrupt, unexpected, and you need to be very careful not to be pressed against the coastal bushes on a steep bend. In high water for the passage of the section from the station. It takes 1-2 days to go to Ugra.

Ugra in the NP "Ugra"

UGRA NATIONAL PARK
Relief and natural landscapes
The modern relief and landscapes of the park territory are the legacy of the Oka and Moscow glaciations of the Quaternary period, and are also associated with the peculiarities of the tectonic structure of the region.
In particular, the formation of the relief and hydrography of the territory was influenced by the Kaluga-Belsk deep tectonic structure, as well as the Kozelsk local uplift in the Carboniferous deposits. The territory of the national park is located within two physical and geographical provinces: Smolensk-Moscow (Ugorsky area) and Central Russian (Zhizdrinsky and Vorotynsky areas). The Ugorsk area includes landscapes of gently undulating moraine plains of the Moscow glaciation, complicated by kams, moraine-outwash plains, swampy runoff troughs and thermokarst depressions. In the Ugra valley, confined to the boundary of the Moscow glacier, there are large moraine boulders and lumps of crystalline rocks up to 5-6 m in size.In the depressions of the glacial relief, there are Morozovskoe, Belyaevskoe and Panovskoe bogs, the Galkinskoe wetland, as well as rare lakes. The lowered spaces of the near-valley parts of the Ugra basin occupy the largest area and belong to the Ugorskaya lowland.

Vorotynsky section of the park, located in the eastern part of the Meshchovsky opolye, is part of the Baryatinsko-Sukhinichsky plain. Together with the left bank of Zhizdra, this area is characterized by landscapes of the erosional plains of the Oka glaciation. On the right bank of the Zhizdra, landscapes of moraine-outwash and highly dissected erosional plains are developed. The southern part of this site adjoins the Bryansk-Zhizdrinsky woodland. The maximum elevation marks for the park territory (250-257 m above sea level) are confined to the elevated areas of the Central Russian province (the right bank of the Zhizdra), the minimum are associated with the Oka valley and the estuarine parts of Zhizdra and Ugra (118-120 m).

March in NP Ugra

Climate
The climate of the national park is moderately continental with distinct seasons; characterized by warm summers, moderately cold winters with a stable snow cover and well-pronounced, but shorter transition periods - in spring and autumn. The geographical position of the park largely determines the variety of climatic conditions on its territory.

Since the 80s. In the last century, significant climate changes are observed, which are manifested in an increase in air temperature in the surface layer of the atmosphere, especially in winter, and in an increase in the number of weather anomalies.

The average annual air temperature of the last 3 decades is positive and amounts to 5.0 ... 5.5 ° С, which is 0.7 ° С higher than the climatic norm. On an annual basis, from November to March, there is a negative average monthly air temperature, from April to October, a positive one. The coldest month of the year is February, with an air temperature of -7 ... -8 ° С. The lowest temperatures for the entire observation period were recorded in January 1940 (-42 ... -48 ° С). In low or wind-protected places, the absolute minimum reached -48 ... -52 ° С. July is the warmest month of the year. The average temperature of this month, slightly varying across the territory, fluctuates around 18 ° C. In some years, on hot days, the maximum air temperature reached 36 ... 39 ° С.

Frosts are typical for the park's climate in spring and autumn. In spring, frosts end according to long-term average data on May 8-14; the first autumn frosts are observed on September 21-28.

According to the amount of precipitation, the territory of the national park belongs to the zone of sufficient moisture. Over a year, on average, over a long-term period, there is 650-700 mm of precipitation. The last decades are characterized by an increase in the frequency of abnormally high and abnormally low amounts of precipitation per year, which is manifested in the alternation of dry and excessively humid years. In the annual course of monthly precipitation totals, the maximum is observed in June and July, and the minimum in February and March. Usually two thirds of precipitation falls in the warm season (April-October) in the form of rain, one third - in the form of snow.

Solid precipitation from November to March forms a snow cover. The formation of stable snow cover usually begins in the north of the park in late November and ends in the south in early December. The maximum height of snow cover is observed at the end of February and varies over the territory from 20 to 30 cm.Depending on the nature of winter, in some snowy years the snow cover can reach a height of 50 cm in the south and 70 cm in the north of the park, and in winters with little snow exceed 5 cm.

In the national park in winter the wind is dominated by the south and south-west directions, in the warm half of the year - north and west. The average wind speed for the year is low, 3-4 m / s. In the annual course, the highest average monthly wind speed is observed in winter, and the lowest in summer.

morning on the Ugra river

Surface water
Surface waters cover about 3% of the total area of ​​the national park and are represented by rivers, small lakes and swamps. About 90 rivers, rivulets and streams with a length of at least 1 km flow through the territory, their total length within the park is more than 530 km. Watercourses belong to the basin of the Caspian Sea (Volga river). The main rivers - Ugra and Zhizdra - are left tributaries of the river. Oki in its upper part. The largest tributaries of the river. Ugrians on the territory of the park are the rivers Vorya, Ressa, Techa, Izver and Shan, and the river. Zhizdry - Vytebet and Serena.

The largest river is Ugra, its basin area is 15 700 km2. The length of the river is 399 km, its sources are located in the Smolensk region. The length of the Ugra within the Kaluga region is 162 km, of which 152 km are within the boundaries of the park. The river valley is floodplain, with a floodplain width of 1-2 km; the width of the valley in the lower reaches reaches 3.5 km; the width of the channel in the lower reaches is 70-80 m. The depths in low-water periods on rifts are equal to 0.4-0.6 m, on stretches - up to 4 m. The average speed of water flow is 0.4-0.6 m / s.

The Zhizdra river basin (area 9,170 km2) is located entirely on the territory of the Kaluga region. The length of the river is 233 km, within the boundaries of the park - 92 km. The river valley is a floodplain with a width of 0.5 to 5 km. The width of the floodplain in the upper reaches is 400-500 m, in the middle and lower reaches - up to 1-3 km. The usual width of the channel in the middle part is 20-40 m, and in the lower reaches - 50-60 m. The prevailing depth of the river is 0.7-1.0 m. The average flow velocity is 0.3 m / s.

The feeding of the Ugra and Zhizdra rivers is mixed: the share of melt water runoff is on average about 60%, more than 30% of the annual runoff falls on groundwater and only about 5% on rainwater runoff. The level regime of rivers is characterized by a pronounced high spring flood, low summer-autumn low-water period, interrupted by rain floods, and a stable long-term low winter low-water period. The spring flood begins at the end of March and ends in the first ten days of May. During the flood period, the total water rise above the winter low-water period in the middle and lower reaches of the Ugra in high-water years is 10-11 m; in the lower reaches of the Zhizdra - 6-7 m. The first ice formations usually appear in mid-November, at the end of November freeze-up is established. The rivers break up (ice drift) occurs in the first five days of April, and at the end of the first ten days of April the rivers are completely cleared of ice.

Currently, there are significant changes in the hydrological regime of Ugra and Zhizdra, caused by a complex of natural and anthropogenic factors, among which global warming is very important.

There are about 100 lakes on the territory of the national park. According to the origin of the lake basins, they are mainly floodplain and are fragments of the former channels of the rivers Oka, Ugra, Zhizdra. The oxbow lakes arose in the process of meandering of rivers along the floodplain. This explains their elongated, winding and horseshoe-shaped shape, small size, as well as the usual chain arrangement. The distance between the river and water bodies, as a rule, is several hundred meters, sometimes up to 2 km. The feeding of the floodplain lakes is mixed. River water, melt water and atmospheric precipitation take part in the formation of their water mass; a relatively small part of the lakes is noted for underground feeding. The hydrological regime of oxbows is determined by the regime of the river. During periods of flood, they are connected to the river, filled with water, and their water mass is renewed. During hot and dry summers, many bodies of water can dry up completely.

More than 70 oxbow lakes with a total area of ​​more than 200 hectares of water are confined to the Zhizdra floodplain. Their width does not exceed 50 m; the length of most of the lakes is less than 500 m; average depth - 2-3 m, maximum - up to 6 m. Only about 10 relatively large reservoirs have a length of 550 m to 1.5 km. Among the largest are Bolshoye Kamyshenskoye, Karastelikha, and Yellow. Some lakes are connected by channels and form interconnected systems. Thus, oxbows Yamnoe, Gorozhenoe and Podkova constitute a single natural complex with unique biocenoses.

On the left bank of the Oka, in the vicinity of the village of Zhelokhovo, there is the largest floodplain lake Tish in the Kaluga region. The area of ​​the reservoir is 32 hectares, the length is about 2.5 km, the width is 100-150 m, the prevailing depth is 3.0-3.5 m. Lake Tish with the adjacent coastal strip has an exceptional conservation value as a place of concentration of rare bird species. This area is a valuable botanical site. In the Ugra basin there is another unique lake with ultra-fresh water and rare vegetation, presumably of meteoric origin - Lake. Ozerki. It has a regular round shape and a diameter of about 500 m, the depth of the reservoir is up to 6.5 m; around the lake there is a ridge up to 5 m high.

Swamps in the national park occupy an insignificant area, less than 1%. They are represented by oligotrophic (riding), mesotrophic 18 (transitional) and eutrophic (lowland) types. The most boggy area is the Ugorsky area.

The largest swamp in the park is Morozovskoe (over 100 hectares). Its age is over 3 thousand years. According to the type of water-mineral nutrition and vegetation, it belongs to mesooligotrophic birch-pine-shrub-sedge-sphagnum bogs. It is a habitat for valuable food, medicinal and rare plant species.

Unique is the Galkinskoe artificially created wetland. Most of it is occupied by a lake formed on the site of a used peat bog. The bog itself, a mesotrophic sedge-sphagnum bog, occupies the periphery of the land. The territory has significant ornithological and botanical value.

The most humid and swampy bog of the park - Panovskoe (it is no more than 500 years old) - belongs to the mesoeutrophic sedge and hypnum-sedge type. Rare plant species are also noted here.

summer night on the Ugra river

Vegetation
The total forest area of ​​the national park is about 63%. The predominant species here are: pine (37% of the forested area), spruce (22%), birch (21%), aspen (9%), oak (7%), ash (2%).

The territory of the Ugorsky site belongs to the zone of mixed forests and is located in the swamp-forest spruce-oak district (north-western part) and the forest spruce-oak district (southeastern part). The predominant types of forest growing conditions (ecotopes) are complex spruce forests; on the slopes and hills, composed of water-glacial sands, there are complex pine forests and dry white moss forests. Pine occupies 38% of the forested area, spruce - 25%, of which 55% are created artificially. At present, primary forests are heavily disturbed, dominated by derivative plantations with a large participation of small-leaved species: birch, which occupies 24% of the forested area, and aspen, which occupies 11%; there is a lot of hazel in the undergrowth. Of the broad-leaved species, oak is found here, but the areas occupied by this species are extremely insignificant. Maple is recorded in the southeast of the site.

The boundaries of the Ugorsky area include floodplain, dry and lowland meadows. In the Yukhnovsky district - meadows at the mouth of the river. Techi, in Dzerzhinsky - the famous Zalidovsky meadows.

The Zhizdrinsky section of the park is also located in the mixed forest zone. Valley of the r. Zhizdry is a sharp natural boundary between the left-bank landscapes of the Meshchovsky opolye, almost completely plowed up, and forested outwash plains - on the right bank. On the forested lands of the plot, the predominant species are: pine, which occupies 35% of the area, birch - 18%, spruce - 17%, oak - 16%, aspen - 6%, ash - 5%.

In the north of the Zhizdrinsky site (Vorotynskoye forestry), pine and birch forests grow. Pine occupies 61% of the forested area, and more than half of the pine forest area is represented by forest cultures. Birch occupies 22% of the area, spruce and aspen plantations - 6 and 5%, respectively. Broad-leaved species include oak, elm and linden.

In the central part (Optinskoe forestry), as in the northern part, pine forests prevail. They grow on 57% of the area, and half of the plantings are of artificial origin. Spruce and birch each occupy 15% of the area; the share of broad-leaved species is increasing.

In the southern part of the site (Berezichskoe forestry), polydominant broad-leaved forests of the southern variant are well preserved. Broad-leaved species occupy 35% of the forested area, of which oak - 25%. The composition of forests, in addition, includes Norway maple and field maple, common ash, elm (smooth elm), small-leaved linden, European spindle tree, hazel; from herbs are abundant wild garlic, corydalis, lunar reviving. Other forest-forming species are represented by spruce, birch, pine and aspen. The indigenous forests of the right bank of the Zhizdra, among which there are many old-growth plantations (up to 250 years old), in the past were part of the Zaokskaya zasechnaya line of the Moscow State.

The boundaries of the Zhizdrinsky area also include extensive floodplain meadows located in the Zhizdra and Oka valleys.
The territory of the national park is unique in botanical and geographical terms. Currently, the list of vascular plants in the park includes 1,142 species (about 960 of them are aboriginal), which is about 90% of the natural flora of the Kaluga region. All plant communities in the region are represented in the park.

The considerable length of the territory from north to south (more than 100 km) provides noticeable changes in plant complexes.
The features of the vegetation of the basins of the Ugra and Zhizdra rivers reflect the characteristic features of the flora of the north and south of the Kaluga region. So, in the valley of the Ugra, such "northern" species as liverwort, violet Selkirka, bearberry are often found, which no longer grow on Zhizdra, and in the broad-leaved forests of Kozelsk notices, bear onions, bulbous and five-leafed bellies, European euonymus grow in large numbers , plain maple, not found in areas of deciduous forest on the Ugra. It is interesting that even the set of elements of the steppe "Oka flora" in the basins of these rivers is different. So, on the open slopes of the southern exposure of the river. Ugrians grow some southern species (larkspur, branched corolla, sticky sage), and in the Zhizdra valley - others (Siberian bell, fragrant forget-me-not, grooved fescue, or fescue).

Each section of the park is characterized by a set of unique communities associated with specific habitats. In the Ugorsk area, these include communities of oligotrophic and mesotrophic bogs, in which cereal pondweed, pemphigus, and white ossula are noted. The continental lake Ozerki is a place of growth of the rare in the Kaluga region peppercorn, longest pondweed and fescue-like reed grass. These plants are very demanding on the purity of the water. The floodplain Zalidovsky meadows are known for their rich complex of meadow grasses. There are 282 species of plants (including aquatic, semi-aquatic and woody vegetation).

The plant communities of pine forests on the dunes in the valley of the Zhizdra River are very peculiar, with a complex of sand-loving species that is unique for the Kaluga Region and rare for Central Russia. Here grow young Russian, sandy carnation, cinquefoil, gray kelleria. On swampy inter-dune depressions, there is a marsh cave and a round-leaved sundew. The unique objects of the Zhizdrinsky area are also floodplain lakes-oxbows with water walnut - chillim and water fern - floating salvinia. Rocky outliers in the Chertovo Gorodishche tract are the habitat of the common centipede, a fern rare in Central Russia. In the vicinity of the tract, at different times, they found a dark-red dremlik, a comb-crested dog, a crowded hedgehog head. In a ravine near the site of the settlement, there grows a rare ploon - common ram. In the preserved slash forests of the Zhizdrinsky area, a complex of broad-leaved species is noted, among which there are many spring ephemeroids: Marshall's corydalis, buttercup anemone, unclear lungwort, cristfishes, bear onion (wild garlic).

On the Vorotynsky section of the park, on the steep shore of Lake Tish, southern plants grow, which are not found anywhere else: feather grass and yellow flax, and in the upland oak forest near the Oka, straight clematis is noted.

In the national park, there are 140 species of plants included in the regional Red Book, about 30 of them can be found only within its borders, for example, the common centipede, branched corolla, young Russian, peach-leaved or pond violet, chilim, etc. 6 types of plants. This feather grass is feathery, the lady's slipper is real, the pollen head is long-leaved, the Baltic fingernail, the helmeted orchis, and the neottiante nodule. This lady's slipper is also included in the list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (see Appendices).

Monuments of history and culture
The territory of the Ugra National Park, in terms of the richness of historical and cultural sites and their significance, is a very valuable area of ​​the Kaluga Region (see Appendices). The most ancient period of its history is represented by numerous archaeological monuments, testifying to the population of the Ugra valley already in the Stone Age. Monastery and manor complexes, ensembles of ancient cities, monuments of rural architecture and religious buildings speak about the architectural richness of the historical environment of the park.

Its territory is associated with the remains of the Kozelsk and Przemysl zaseki - the western section of the Zaokskaya zasechnaya line: a powerful system of fortifications created in the middle of the 16th century along the southern borders of the Moscow state to protect against Tatar raids. The "line", as a continuous fortification line, consisted of natural obstacles (forests, rivers, swamps, ravines) and specially erected barriers: forest heaps - notches, earthen ramparts and ditches, palisades, overhangs, as well as fortified towns. Kozelsk and Przemysl, which were the rear fortresses in the "Devil", were important links in the defense system of the Russian borderlands. In their further development, they become county towns, the layout and individual features of the architectural ensembles of which are still guessed today.

A huge role in the organization of the border service of the Moscow state belongs to the outstanding commander and statesman of the 16th century - Prince M.I. Vorotynsky, one of the most famous representatives of the ancient Vorotynsky family. In the park, in the form of an archeological monument - a settlement - the remains of the medieval Vorotynsk, the former center of the appanage Vorotynsky principality, are preserved. And the planning structure, individual building elements and microtoponymy of modern s. Vorotynsk reflect its rich ancient history.

Of particular value are old roads, among which the most noticeable is the Gzhatsky tract, which connected the southern provinces of Russia with the piers of the same name, built by the Decree of Peter I in 1719. For a century and a half, this tract, passing through the Yukhnovsky district, was the most important transport artery for the supply of St. Petersburg with bread and other goods. Along it there were many settlements that have now almost disappeared. It was this road that gave a new impetus to the development of Yukhnov, which arose at the beginning of the 16th century as a monastery settlement, and in 1777 received the status of a city.

Along the Ugra, Zhizdra and other rivers, along which the front line passed during the Great Patriotic War, the dilapidated defensive lines of the warring parties remain in the form of an extensive network of trenches with adjoining firing positions, wire fences, shelters for people and equipment. Trenches stretch along the banks for tens of kilometers in several lines, border fields and ravines, encircle heights on the ground. There are complexes of military engineering structures, clearly delineated in spatial terms: bridgeheads on rivers, military airfields, command posts, field hospitals.

The significance of many historical and cultural monuments preserved in the park lies not only in their cognitive and aesthetic value, but also in the fact that they are carriers of the “memory of the place”, a reflection of the unique history of the region.

Typologically, the objects of the historical and cultural heritage of the park are divided into the following groups:

Monuments of archeology.
A total of 138 objects. Among them: parking sites - 10, fortified settlements - 26, settlements - 73, barrows and burial mounds - 29. Geographically, these monuments are distributed as follows: in Babyninsky district - 1, in Dzerzhinsky - 40, in Kozelsky - 26, in Peremyshl - 26, in Yukhnovsky - 45. The status of a monument of federal significance has the Svinukhovo settlement (the village of Svinukhovo, Dzerzhinsky district).

Manor ensembles (including parks).
There are 22 objects in total (of which 16 are in the protected zone of the park). In Yukhnovsky district - 7 objects, in Dzerzhinsky - 5, in Kozelsky - 7, in Peremyshl - 2, in Babyninsky - 1. Two objects have the status of monuments of regional importance: the Yaroshenko estate in Pavlishchev Bor (Yukhnovsky district) and the Rtishchev-Kashkin estate in Nizhniye Pryskakh (Kozelsky district).

Monastic complexes.
There are 5 objects in total (4 of them are in the protected zone of the park). In the Kozelsky district - 3 objects, in Peremyshl - 2. Three objects have the status of monuments of federal significance: the complexes of the monasteries of the Svyato-Vvedenskaya Optina Pustyn, the Assumption Gremyachev and the Assumption Cathedral of the Sharovkin Assumption monastery. Shamordinskaya Kazan St. Amvrosievskaya Hermitage has the status of a monument of regional significance.

Temples.
There are 23 objects in total (of which 16 are in the protected zone of the park). In the Yukhnovsky district there are 7 objects, in the Dzerzhinsky district - 7, in the Kozelsky district - 5, in the Peremyshl district - 4.

Military graves and monuments to the participants of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
There are 51 objects in total. In the Yukhnovsky district - 32 objects, in Kozelsky - 11, in Iznoskovsky - 4, in Dzerzhinsky - 2, in Peremyshl - 2.

Other historical and cultural objects (economic, industrial and residential buildings, graves of famous cultural figures, etc.).
A total of 34 objects (of which 11 are in the protected area of ​​the park). Three objects: the graves of S.N. and N.S. The Kashkins (Nizhnie Pryski), the Optina Pustyn necropolis (including the graves of the Kireevsky brothers) - have the status of monuments of federal significance.

Traditional culture
Traditional culture is an integral part of the spiritual culture of the region. On the territory included in the borders of the national park and its buffer zone, during its active existence (until the first third of the 20th century), it had bright local features, which at the same time retained the South Great Russian basis. This manifested itself in the type of traditional rural dwellings, dialects, dress habits, calendar and family rituals, and folk poetry. Folk culture became an object of large-scale study in the 20s of the last century, and part of the territory surveyed in those years is within the boundaries of the national park. This culture is no less attractive today.
In many settlements, samples of traditional brick and wooden residential and outbuildings of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries have survived (peasant houses and yards, cellars and barns in the village of Klimov Zavod, the village of Palatki, the village of Konoplevka, Yukhnovsky district, the village of Kamenka , village Berezichi, Kozelsky district, village Lyublinka, Ozerna, Zheleztsevo, Dzerzhinsky district, village Vorotynsk, village Korchevsky dvoriki, Verkhniye Vyalitsy, Przemysl district, etc.).
The former craft centers do not exist in their former quality, but individual craftsmen, working on orders, try to preserve the features of local crafts: wicker weaving (village of Golovnino, Przemysl region), woodcarving (village of Poroslitsy, Yukhnovskiy district), weaving (village Gremyachevo, Przemysl region ), intertwining embroidery (Sosenskiy).

City and regional cultural institutions, leisure associations are focused on preserving traditions. The expositions of the branch of the Kaluga Museum of Local Lore in the city of Kozelsk, the Museum of Local Lore in the town of Yukhnov, museums of the KLO "Prometheus" (Sosensky), the recreation center of the village of Klimov Zavod, many schools located on the territory of the national park (the village of Belyaevo Yukhnovsky district, Volkonskoe village, Kozelsk district, etc.).
Collections of articles are published based on the results of the expeditionary work of the employees of these institutions. The National Park also conducts a systematic study of elements of traditional culture by the staff of the science department and invited specialists. The leading topic of study is material culture: buildings, costume, household items.
The richest heritage of oral folk art is of particular interest. Participants of folklore ensembles of the village of Klimov, Zavod of the Yukhnovsky district, with. Deshovki, Kozelsky district, Sosensky, Tovarkovo village, Dzerzhinsky district and a number of others. Vanishing folklore traditions are not only studied, but also carefully reconstructed, since it is the local material that forms the basis of the repertoire of these creative groups.

War Memorial Eco-Trails of the Ugra National Park
"Rusinovsky Bereg"
Located in the area of ​​the former village Rusinovo (Ugorskoe forestry). Length 0.5 km. It runs along the high bank of the Ugra and includes the defensive structures of the German army from the period of 1942 at the Ugra Front line. More details ...

"Pavlovsky bridgehead"
Located on the territory of the former village of Pavlovo (Ugorskoe forestry). The length is 1.5 km. Fortified bridgehead of the Red Army units and the place of prolonged positional battles of 1942-1943 on the right bank of the Ugra.

"Front KP"
Located near the village of Kozlovka (Belyaevskoe forestry). Length 0.5 km. The remains of various military engineering structures in April-August 1943 at the location of the command post of the Western Front, visited by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin.

Educational eco-trails of the Ugra National Park

"Expanse"
Equipped near the village of Batino (Belyaevskoe forestry). The length is 7 km. Objects of inspection: the Ugra river, geological outcrops, boulders of the Moscow glaciation, dry grass and forb meadow, places of hostilities during the Great Patriotic War.

"Base" Otrada "- Lake Borovoe"
The town of Otrada (Berezichskoe forestry). The length is 7 km. Objects of inspection: r. Zhizdra, dry and floodplain forb meadows, oxbow lake Borovoe, coniferous forest and anthills. More details ...
It is possible as an independent passage of eco-trails, and as part of organized groups.

Excursion and educational eco-trails of the Ugra National Park

"Outskirts of ancient Opakov"
Located in the area with. Tents (Ugorskoe forestry). The length is 3 km. Objects of inspection: the Temple of the Transfiguration in the village. Tents, settlement of the ancient city of Opakov, burial mounds. In the village of Ozerki there is a lake of the same name, presumably of meteorite origin.

"Settlement - the village of Nikola-Lenivets"
Located near the village of Nikola-Lenivets (Galkinskoye forestry). The length is 2.5 km. Objects of visit: the Church of the Holy Trinity, a floodplain meadow, an ancient settlement of the Iron Age - the Middle Ages, landscape architecture of the artist Nikolai Polissky, objects of the Archstoyanie festival.

Ugra River Mayak - a structure near the village. Nikola-Lenivets

"Galkinsky forest"
Located near the village. Galkino (Galkinskoye forestry). The length is 7 km. Historical and cultural objects of inspection: the estate of the Chernyshevs - Myatlevs in the village. Galkino, natural: Galkinsky forest, Buchkino and Galkinsky swamps.

"Kromino - Kellat's estate"
Near the village of Kromino (Vorotynskoe forestry). The length is 8 km. Visiting objects: flora and fauna of the river valley. Vyssy, mixed forest, Shamordino village and Kellata estate park. Near the estate there is an old quarry for the extraction of "Shamordinsky marble".

"Devil's settlement"
Located 5 km from the town of Sosensky (Optinskoe forestry). The length is 6 km. A forest tract with rocky outcrops of sandstones and relict plants: a centipede fern, a glowing shistostag moss. The settlement is a cult object of the VIII-X centuries.

"Lake Lazy - the Obolenskys' estate"
Equipped near the village of Glass Factory (Berezichskoe forestry). The length is 3 km. The trail passes through a floodplain meadow near the Zhizdra River and includes Lake Lenivoe, a spring, a Bronze Age site, and the estate of the Obolensky princes.

Cultural landscapes
The Ugra National Park and its protected zone are distinguished by an exceptional variety of cultural landscapes - integral territorial complexes that have arisen as a result of the interaction of man and nature. As a rule, they do not form "pure" typological differences, predominantly forming certain characteristic combinations with a predominance of one or two types.

The background type of the cultural landscape is a peasant rural landscape, the formation of which is based on a bush of historically and planning interconnected rural settlements (but there can also be separate settlements) with adjacent field, meadow, forest and water lands. The functional centers of such a landscape are historical settlements with preserved traditional planning, buildings, spiritual, everyday and economic way of life of the local population. The planning center of a settlement is often a temple. One of the most interesting territories in this respect is a large Ugrian bend from the village. Sergievo, through the village of Dukino, with. Plyuskovo and the village of Pakhomovo to the village of Nikola-Lenivets. This part of the valley and the adjacent strip of high plains coast are unique both in natural and in historical and cultural terms. A small dispersed settlement system, ancient villages and hamlets with fragments of manor complexes and monuments of cult architecture have been preserved here. The key support settlements in this area were ss. Plyuskovo, Sergievo and Nikola-Lenivets.

river near the village of Nikola-Lenivets

The manor landscapes were formed under the influence of the noble manor culture. Despite the degradation of this type of landscape in general, it is still widely represented within the park - along the valleys of the Ugra, Zhizdra, Oka, Vyssa, Techa. The main morphostructures of such a landscape are a manor house with outbuildings, a park and / or gardens, ponds, alleys, a temple, functionally connected rural settlements, adjacent agricultural and forest lands. The largest, remarkable and relatively well-preserved estate complexes are the Berezichi ("District") of the Obolenskys (Kozelsky District) and Pavlishchev Bor Stepanovs - Yaroshenko (Yukhnovsky District).

Monastic cultural landscapes within the national park and its protection zone gravitate towards the Zhizdra and Oka valleys. In addition to the architectural ensemble, which is the center of such a landscape, its structure is complemented by hermitages, holy springs and wells, protected groves and other memorable places, functionally interconnected rural settlements (in the historical past attributed to the monastery - "monastery"), adjacent agricultural land and forest dachas. Among the monastic cultural landscapes, the Optina Pustyn area plays a primary role.

The patriarchal landscape of the county town has been preserved in the old Vorotynsk and in the Klimovoy Zavod, which are of undoubted value as heritage sites. The historical appearance of well-known urban-type settlements in the protected zone of the park (Kozelsk, Przemysl, Yukhnov) is largely distorted and changed by modern buildings, and only their individual fragments, but not the urban landscape as a whole, preserve the historical memory of the place.

Historical factory landscapes, as a rule, are associated with noble estates and form a complex of estates and factory landscapes. These include the Shamordinsky complex, which includes the Kellat estate and the adjacent quarrying in the valley of the river. Vyssy. The Berezichi Glass Factory with its surroundings should have been placed in the same row, but as a historical landscape it has lost its authenticity due to significant distortions introduced by modern industrial buildings.

The archaeological and military-historical landscapes of the park are confined to the valleys of the main rivers, which served as routes of ancient settlement, and during military confrontations - as lines of defense. They have a similar problematics, and partly the genesis, and therefore can be considered together. Landscape complexes of this type within the boundaries of the national park are unique and represent an all-Russian heritage, which is confirmed by the abundance of archaeological sites (fortified settlements, settlements, camp sites, barrows), the presence of stable historical legends and chronicle information about the events of the Tatar-Mongol invasion in the rather vast expanses of the valleys of the Ugra and Zhizdra, as well as an abundance of fortifications during the Great Patriotic War, various items of military use in the forests west of Yukhnov and south of Kozelsk.

The following cultural and landscape zones (districts) are distinguished within the boundaries of the park: Verkhneugorsk zone (left bank and right bank, above the city of Yukhnov) - memorial, archaeological and recreational; Sredneugorskaya Palatkinsko-Sergievskaya zone - agrarian-estate and recreational; Sredneugorskaya Plyuskovskaya - agricultural developing; Sredneugorsko-Techinskaya - agrarian estate; Galkinskaya - forestry and estate; Nizhneugorskaya - agrarian and archaeological; Vorotynskaya - multifunctional; Oksko-Zhizdrinskaya - recreational and agricultural with fragments of the monastery; Srednezhizdrinskaya - agrarian-monastic and tourist-pilgrimage; Verkhnezhizdrinskaya valley - agrarian-estate and recreational; Verkhnezhizdrinskaya basin - historical and forestry.

FISHING ON THE RIVER UGRA
Fishing report: May 30, May 30, Ugra river
Float tackle. Catch: 5-10 kilograms

Place of fishing: Area of ​​the village Belyaevo

Wow - crucian carp !!!
May 30. Half past three in the morning. I really want to get some more sleep. After all, how to breathe and sleep in a country house. And in my head there is a thought, if now I do not "blow myself up" then in one word - the morning dawn has disappeared. And by God, this is "not good" (not good - it means).
I get up. And you can hear such concerts from the yard. The nightingales do not sing, but fill up. Such a feeling whether they are participating in a competition. And all at once. Beauty.
Having had a quick bite to eat, while not forgetting to glance at the frying pan, and having collected the "dumplings", I am already in the car going to my sardushka. It starts to get light, but I drive up to the place in the headlights.
A dense veil of fog, like a blanket, wrapped the Ugra. "Father - Fog" pampers, flirts with the Beauty Ugra. Or maybe he hides from the "black" eyes, buries him from all evil spirits. Well done, caring! - I thought, walking to my place. The dew washes your feet nicely. Who but a fisherman can appreciate the beauty of everything that Mother Nature gives us.
While settling down, at the place of fishing, more comfortable, I catch myself thinking: - "But there are no splashes on the river!" Deathly silence. Visibility 5-6 meters. After feeding, I hear, on the other side of the river, the car drove up. Neatly, without unnecessary noise, the men settled down on the shore. One can immediately feel not ordinary fishermen, but "bison".
And at this moment I understand how I want to fish them! And I myself listen to their conversation. And about bait, and about imported groundbait, and how to feed maggots it is necessary to talk so that the fish on it "foolishly" pearl per kilometer. And many more smart things are given out. I haven't even heard of it. Locked up. You can't take such neighbors with your bare hands. Relying only on the frying pan's charm, I stared at the float.
At this time, in addition, a beaver muzzle appears near the cage. Healthy with a mustache. And I’m this muzzle, but just swing, flat, and with great anger, a spare stand for the fishing rod, as I blasted it. The result, well, exactly, on the face! Not only wet face, but all to the skin. All I think is Khan fishing.
Everything is not in my favor. Moreover, the question on the other hand, stupid: - "Asp?" “Aha! I went to you! ”- I answered with obvious irony in my voice.
Looking for a float with my eyes. But no! And the top of the fishing rod, in a notable bend. There is no limit to joy. He made a lot of effort to put the handsome man on his side, on the surface, while playing. And give a sip of the morning, cool air. And to the point, the handsome man made some noise on the surface of the water. Loudly, so that I could be heard on the other side of the river, saying: - "The first one went!"
I lowered the measured scourge into the cage. And the holiday began on my street. Tolley groundbait has done its job, toli charms of the frying pan began to work. But the cage started to increase gradually by the catch. She also took roach. It should be noted that there were practically no small things. 200-300gr, and some specimens even more.
In the next wiring, the float goes sharply under the water. The line stretched sharply, rang the string. The thought of what is in the tackle, what will not stand. Came to mind with lightning speed. Working with a reel and a rod, then releasing the line, then pulling, and without seeing my opponent, I realized I had to go “to the bank.” Another five minutes of stubborn resistance on the other side of the tackle and I see the black, wide back of my opponent. And its rather impressive size. “Go, go, darling! Go here! Go to your daddy! " And at that moment I realized that I was talking to the fish by ear. Tired, worn out worse than a dog. But what was my surprise was who did I catch? Believe it or not! There is a crucian carp in the Ugra !!! More per kilo.
Another half an hour of fishing for roach and bastard, and remembering my wife's request to catch chips for the children, I switched to catching bleak.
But here, too, everything was not easy. Such a feeling, disappeared and that's it. And as soon as I started to fish the very rapids of water, I came across a mischievous woman. Three hours of pampering and practically two kilograms of a beautiful, silvery-shiny product, fattening with caviar, was already in the bag.
Time for lunch. I want to eat. And when you think that cabbage soup with nettles and steamed pork are waiting at home, you want to eat twice as much. Yes, and the sun began to scorch not childishly.
Home, home, home! You have to brag!
And "pisat" grams should be taken by itself!
And the competitions were taken with a bang! So the maggot was fed with the wrong thing!

Fishing place: Ugra River, in the area of ​​Palaces. Behind the Palace roll towards Yukhnov.

I decided to close the summer-autumn season this year. It gets colder and colder, and sitting with fishing rods is somehow not so hot. Departure on Sunday to the Ugra and was the last this year on open water. My favorite backs remained in Moscow, I had to take three Chinese from the Gas Pipeline, especially since in one of the last trips to the Ugra, the locals claimed that live bait was better caught, which I was convinced of by their catches. In general, I wanted to go for a burbot at night, but my wife dissuaded me, and even one is rather boring after all. Therefore, on Sunday we left at 8 am, at about 10 we were there.
The place does not seem to be bad, the roll, the bottom is sandy, there seem to be few snags. I took off the feeders and hung up heavy weights, since the current would just blow the feeder away from the light.
So, the backs are exposed, I myself sat on the float to jerk the roach and bleak for live bait. It turned out to be a rather difficult task, as I thought. The wind was gusts and the drip bite was extremely difficult to determine. The roach did not take a piece of the crawl, and the small dung beetle worm pulled off masterfully, but whatever it was, I caught a few roach and a perch, cut something, planted something whole. And so that the float does not lie in vain, I planted the verkhovka on it)))
The time was approaching 11 and there were no normal bites. Bale bale on a worm and cut off. I started to freeze up, I went to warm myself in the car. It's good that I think I didn't uncover the net, I think I will be collecting less.
I returned, my wife said, and I caught a small roach, I looked pulled well, I pulled it out. Throw it says away. I let go of the roach, and I threw it from my heart into the distance of the Ugrians)))
There were very few people, I got into a conversation with the spinning player, he spoke dully, whether it was the weather, or what else. The pike speaks, but rarely, mostly perch rushing to the diverter, but also not giants. He says he did not go to burbot, but they say that he pecks at night.
Somewhere by one o'clock in the afternoon, the donka next to me began to stir, I again think of a small fry, I hooked on pulling, and at that moment there was such a jerk on the neighboring donka that she almost threw it off the stand. Grab it! Yelling to my wife, pull, she grabbed the rod like a drunk with a hangover in an undrinked bottle, oh says how the two tam pulls, you can see a large one, maybe a snag))) I say, yeah, a snag, throwing his back with some kind of undersized on the hook himself I realized how I ended up at the car and with the landing net already assembled I rush back. My wife yells at me, they say, faster, I swear at myself that they say there are such uncomfortable shores.
At first I thought it was a large chub or ide grabbing a crawl, but as it turned out, closer to the shore, we saw a golden back, I say take your time, be more careful than him. What is it, my wife asked, I tell my carp. Somehow but Svetka nevertheless brought the fish into the landing net, after 15 minutes of torment. I say, after all, it's a carp, I say the savage hit. Fuck, I think he can't sleep))) I read the excitement in the eyes of my wife without words, schA says we'll catch it and the donka flew away again about the same place.
What do you have there? Yes, I say, and I completely forgot that I gave up my spin. Well, I pulled it out into a giant, a perch from a matchbox, while I was swimming there, I thoroughly swallowed a bunch of worms during that time))). Well, of course, the operation was necessary.
By three we decided to round off, not because we were tired, but the wind became unbearable for millet, even when casting heavy weights carried away to the side. I finished the poplovochka already at two, realizing that the hike was worthless. All the same, the saddle bag had to be folded too)))
We never caught anything with live bait and its part.
On the way to Moscow, all I heard was phone conversations with my friends that they had caught me and which specimen had been caught. Come on, I think, let the person rejoice)))
The result of fishing is 1 carp, several roach and perch, released the live, gave the dead to the passing locals, they say the cats will go.
But in general, I did not climb that far along the Ugra, usually with a spin I walk towards the mouth of the Oka from the track. Here's a loss for sure in the summer I will once again get out to the Palaces, but already in the next year.
And this season is probably closing, although who knows, the weather does not understand what.

Fishing place: River Ugra, not far from Kievka and its confluence with the Oka. In the Tuchnevo area from the Uchkhoz side.

On Sunday evening I decided to rush to the Ugra, especially since I had to go to Kaluga on business. Knowing that in winter, large pike perch are caught on the girders in the Ugra (not far from the mouth of the Oka). I caught it myself and that winter I was again convinced of this. And why would I think he shouldn't take it now ??? Need to check. After redoing all the cases, somewhere around 6 I passed the Uchkhoz and approached Tunevo. It is windy and cold, but having warmed up at 7 pm I started fishing.
I started with the turntables, but I’ll say right away they didn’t work at all, and apart from one perch of grams, I didn’t pull anything on them for 100 grams. Naturally, he was released. When the wind began to darken and the temperature began to drop, there was a good blow to Castmaster, but it was not possible to realize it, a descent near the coast. Well, I think, okay, I'll go eat, and in the morning I'll start harvesting thoroughly.
I fired up the stove in the car, had a snack and sleep, I’m no stranger to sleeping in the car.
I woke up at 6 o'clock. I ate the rest. The beginning to brighten. The evening frost has bridled the grass, everything is covered with hoarfrost, and the road has become better. You go, the grass crunches under your feet.
I met my grandfather (apparently a local) and walked home from the night, boasted of burbots. He says he takes badly and only at night. Prefers a dead brush or a bunch of worms. The pike perch says you arrived early. It’s necessary in winter. My mood dropped to the end. However, the old man advised me to go to one pit. There he says it should be. Go not too lazy, with which the devil is not joking. Having given my grandfather three cigarettes, I slowly moved to the indicated point, picking up places.
Walking is not very easy, very slippery. Closer to the pit on the nylon, I grabbed an excellent perch of 500 grams, the bite is greedy and the resistance is good, the soul rejoiced.
And here she is that pit (from the words). Grandfather did not deceive. The depth is really what you need, the bottom is clean and, in general, to be honest, the bottom of the eel is gorgeous. There is a minimum of hooks, and if there is, it is very rare.
I save the yellow Effzett and go there. The first postings are empty. Yes, I must think that the pit is good. And the expectations were justified by the wiring at 10. True, the blow is not strong and the pike perch hit a sluggish one, apparently grabbed because of greed, or maybe I just hit it. Whatever it was, he began to flutter only on the shore, apparently realizing that his fate was a foregone conclusion and a Moscow pan awaited him)))
There were no more hits on the vibrators, the castmasters were also silent. Apparently it’s still a bit early, we have to go with the zerlitsy in winter. And who knows what winter will be like? In our country, everything is unpredictable.
Time approached 10 and I moved back to the car. It's time to go home, I think. While I was walking to the Castmaster I got another perch and larger than the first. To be honest, I rarely caught such perches, but there were 700 grams in it. And again in about the same place where the first hit. I decided to slow down and leave again. But it didn’t bring much results. The jabs were weak, the retirements, and the rest of the specimens were released, as they were, let's say, not so hot. Apparently the perch is now more in shallow water, as I understand it. In the stream on the current, where I decided to try to catch the chub dull on the spinner, there were no bites.
He returned to the car, changed clothes, washed his hands. I removed everything, enough, I think, it's time to go to Moscow, until the road that peeped out sunbathed at all. Somewhere by 11 I moved home.
Yes, even if I did not catch a valid 2 kg pike perch, as it sometimes happened in winter, but everything is still ahead, and the next day spent in nature will add energy for a week. Minus one, my back was numb while sleeping in the car at night. And so everything is fine. Thanks to all!

Fishing place: near the village of Znamenka, Ugransky district

At the table they say - between the first and second - the fly will not fly, and I have not only a fly, the elephants have passed, I mean - between their first and second reports ...
Although I will not hide, there were trips, but somehow to no avail ... Either I lost my skills, or something else ... But yesterday's departure convinced me of the fallacy of the philosophical statement - Everything flows - everything changes ... And most importantly, I revived faith in their own strengths and skills (so, modestly ...) And the fish's appetite does not always change due to the expansion of the range of "gastronomic offers" of the fisherman ...
It all started "as usual" - looking at the FINALLY recovered weather through the office window, in my head I was quickly making plans for the evening - to go to the Ugra!
Therefore, as soon as the reception of patients has ended, gear and boots into the car and towards the cherished goal! Leaving the garages, I saw a neighbor - I was rewinding the reel on my back after the previous fishing ... You don't need to persuade him to make a company, it's more fun together. And now in 15 minutes we are already flying from Vyazma to the south, to the Ugra, discussing the fishing route along the way.
We decided to look at new places (where we hadn't fished yet), just downstream from the village of Znamenka, which is right on the road.
The river was impressive. In some places - wide, up to 70-100 m (for our places it is wide!), Slow current. And most importantly, here and there the predator constantly attacks the fry!
We parted, began to try tackle, bait.
An hour of fishing - not a single bite! What a YomAyo! Again, from somewhere in the depths there is a doubt about its own usefulness ... Yes, it is! Right in front of me, HE is beating the fry, I whip the water - it's all in vain! I went through all the wobblers and twitching methods, then switched to turntables - ZERO ...
At the next revision of the contents of the "ammunition depot" the glance fell on a rarity - the Atom-2 bauble made of white stainless steel, which I recently found in old tackle. I bought it a long time ago, about thirty years ago, back at school, ordered with a friend through the goods-mail, according to the catalog. At that time, with an ordinary Soviet rod with a Neva reel and a 0.6 line, this lure was my favorite. Not a single pike could resist her mysterious game! ... And now she deservedly rested in a box, devoid of all rings, hooks, ...
But what if ... Is a well-deserved assistant dreaming of such a "pension"?
After some three minutes, the equipped "Atom" is already flying into the distance, dragging meters of the braid along with it. On the third cast, made aiming at the place of the next splash of an unknown predator, you can clearly feel the blow on the spoon and such a forgotten feeling of the unforgettable resistance of the river predator! Spin - in an arc! Krasava! Account opened
After 4-5 casts - bite again! And again, in the depths of the river, a strong fish wriggles! And every time - deeply, deeply! Without a surgical clamp, you would have to open it!
After the third predator, which settled in the cage, suddenly, as happens in such cases, the moment came to say goodbye to the "memory of childhood" - with the next casting, the "atom" somehow flew very easily and far ... without a cord .... the place where the fluorocarbon leash is clamped ... Goodbye, buddy! Spending the rest of your days at the bottom of the Ugra is better than being lost somewhere in the grass, or forgotten in a garage closet! Thank you!
Then it was sad ... And even another predator, flattered by Meps Long, did not add to the mood ...
I ought to call my school friend ... Tell about the last fishing trip of the old beloved "atom" ...
At this time, the partner returned. I caught the chub, let it go, was very surprised at my trophies, caught on the old shaker. We agreed to go again in the coming days.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTOS:
Team nomad
http://parkugra.ru
http://mosriver.narod.ru/
Wikipedia website.
Surface water resources of the USSR: Hydrological study. T. 10. Verkhne-Volzhsky region / Ed. V.P. Shaban. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1966 .-- 528 p.
Ugra (river) - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Tourist water encyclopedia
http://fion.ru/
"Ugra River" - information about the object in the State Water Register
River Ugra // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb., 1890-1907.

The highlight of the Ugra River is that (like the Moskva River and the Klyazma) for centuries it was a contact zone of different tribes and peoples, and later of the principalities of Rus. As a result, traces of ancient outposts and battles are attracting more and more archaeologists to the Ugrian bends. Another brand is its preservation of its original hydrological appearance. There have never been reservoirs or hydroelectric power stations built on the river. This is a "reserve".

general description

The Ugra River stretches for 399 kilometers, flowing from the Smolensk Upland to the vastness of the Central Russian Plain. On her way - and then the area. Namely - Elninsky, Dorogobuzhsky, Ugransky, Polnyshevsky, Temkinsky districts of the first, as well as Yukhnovsky and Dzerzhinsky - the second. The waterway ends on the territory of the Kaluga urban district. The general direction is east. The nature of the course is too winding (you have to bypass small hills - a "step" to the Smolensk Upland). The pool is 15,700 sq. km. The greatest width is at the point where the Great Standing on the Ugra Museum-Reserve is located (130 meters). The average depth is 2 meters. The predominant food is groundwater and melt water. Water consumption - 89 cubic meters per second. There are 44 tributaries, 2 large ones (these are Vorya and Ressa). The "body" is made up of sand and pebbles.

Speaking of geology, the Ugra River was "born" at the stage of the formation of the entire Smolensk-Moscow Upland, from which it cuts off the southeastern corner. It happened in the era of the dominance of dinosaurs on Earth. At the beginning of historical times, the reservoir served as the border between the ancestors of the Balto-Slavic peoples (northwest) and the extinct branch of the ancient Finno-Ugric community (southeast). In honor of her, the reservoir got its name. Since the 6th century, the water stream separates the Krivichi from the Golyad (Balts-Galindians). The first description of the Ugra River was left for us by one of the Old Russian chronicles of 1147. She mentions that Polovtsians often rule on its southeastern coast, and Lithuanians on the northwestern ones. The water "artery" has been stained with blood for hundreds of years. In the "high" Middle Ages, the Ugra River is in a conflict zone with another Turkic population - the Golden Horde. However, in the last third of the 15th century, the disintegrated quasi-state formation is so weakened that Muscovite Rus decides to withdraw from its subordination. In 1480, she demonstrates her strength by setting up thousands of warriors just on the banks of the Ugra - against the horsemen of the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat (the point of military deployment will be described in the section on attractions). During the Patriotic War of 1812, Pougorye was guarded by Davydov's partisans and Yukhnov's militias.

Napoleon's army did not manage to occupy the Yukhnovsky district. During the Second World War, the famous 33rd Army of General Efremov, who was surrounded by the city of Vyazma, perished here. At the same time, the Nazis were never able to capture the Pavlovsky bridgehead. The "sparing" economic use of the Ugra River began in the post-war era. Several canals were drawn from her to the fields. The Soviet government did not build reservoirs, preserving the ecology of the river. In 1997, a national park was formed on one of the sections of the valley.

The source and mouth of the Ugra river

The source of the Ugra River lies on the southwestern outskirts of the Babichi farm in the Elninsky district of the Smolensk region. At an altitude of about 200 meters above sea level. (I mean a barely noticeable hill, which is the edge of a forest). The source of the Ugra River is a stream up to a meter wide, moving from the hill to the east, and then to the north, past a tiny river, christened with the word Babichi. The mouth of the Ugra River is located on the Oka, in one of the suburbs of the urban district of Kaluga. On the map, he appears as Savior. The mouth of the Ugra River is a 120-meter wide arm, “squeezed” from the north by the SNT “Puteets”, and from the south by the just mentioned village. In the same settlement there is the Church of the Savior on the Ugra.

Ugra river basin

In the Elninsky district of the Smolensk region, the Ugra river bypasses Babichi from the west, passes a short alder-aspen forest and forms a pond. Further, with large bends, it moves to the north - through much larger aspen and alder forests, forming more elongated extensions. Only in this area are there insignificant swamps. Behind the last expansion of Uvarovo (about it in the next section). Having passed through a dozen fragments of an agrarian plain, the river absorbs the same number of minor tributaries. In the endless natural arboretums of the Ugran region, the reservoir is gaining a width of up to 40 meters. A stable eastern vector appears in this area. The water of the basin is replenished by the first noticeable river - Demina. The settlements on the sides are very shallow. The banks begin to rise slightly. Closer to the village of Shoots, they are decorated with birch groves. The height of the descent to the water still does not exceed a meter. But at Ascension, yars with pines appear - up to 3 meters high.

This is the beginning of the Yukhnovsky forest, the outskirts of Yukhnov himself (which grew up around the Kazan men's monastery), and a couple of kilometers later - the Ugra national park (that is, the Kaluga region).

Behind Znamenka there are high coastal terraces, "dressed" in pine forests. One bank is very steep, the other is lower, but has a noticeable rise. The water flow more often takes to the north. In the Temkinsky region, the course of the Ugra river gradually rises to the southeast azimuth. "Artery" passes the first intersection with the Varshavskoe highway - at Kolykhmanovo. The forest is increasingly beginning to break up into open spaces. The settlements are getting bigger. In this state, the Ugra river basin crosses the boundary between the Yukhnovsky and Dzerzhinsky districts. Sometimes approaches here are complicated by bushes or 8-meter slopes. The tops of huge pines on both sides resemble a gloomy emerald vault. At some points, the channel is simply overgrown with algae or a water lily. Very rich herbage on the edge. Nevertheless, there are a lot of places to rest. At the beginning of the Kaluga agglomeration, the course of the Ugra River touches spaces that are memorable for the Russian people, which will be discussed below. To the Blue Lakes and the intersection with the noisy highway M-3, the water stream passes the embankment of the village of Dvortsy, the village of Staroskakovskoye, Lake Ugorskoye and the village of Kolyshevo. Width up to 100 meters. There is a good sandy beach in the area of ​​the garden association "Ugra". Behind the village of the same name, the basin of the Ugra River passes under a bridge overgrown with willows. It belongs to the road leading to Vorotynsk. Even at the beginning of the Dzerzhinsky district, the banks finally lost their forest cover and half of their height. At the very end, along the left bank, there are trails to another popular lake. Rezvansky. In the final section, the course of the Ugra River administratively still belongs to the urban district of Kaluga.

Attractions of the Ugra River

Boldino

It is at its northeastern end that the Ugra river "starts". Recreation is glorified not at all by Pushkin's cycle of poems (they are dedicated to Bolshoi Boldino), but by the hunting farm of the same name, where, they say, you can still find an elk.

Settlement

The Ugra River, 30 kilometers north of the source, comes to this vibrant place. The object is located 300 meters from the village of Mitishkovo, Dorogobuzhsky district, Smolensk region. He himself is already in the Elninsky district - that is, on the other side. It is a burial mound. Maybe here was the city of Mstislavets, which disappeared in the wars.

Assumption Church in Velikopolye and the Church of the Savior in Uvarov

Rafting on the Ugra River (its upper reaches), you will decorate with a visit to this picturesque location. There is an excellent space for a bivouac, beautiful landscapes, and a village named in the line above. In it the traveler will find a monument of Russian architecture named in honor of the Assumption. In Uvarov there is the same structure, but in addition, on the banks of a huge pond, "drinking" the river.

The starting point of the rafting under the Varshavskoe highway

In the middle section, the Ugra River is located in a flat belt. And this is best seen in this tract. Therefore, the water is calm and wide, and without rifts. Here you can go kayak and baby. But about the boats later. Here we will emphasize the recreational potential of the patch. Fishing, camping with a tent, and a picnic with swimming is possible on it. And the most interesting thing is that it is easy to get there. Varshavka goes from Podolsk itself.

Art Park and Archaeological Complex in Nikola-Lenivets Estate

Sooner or later, the Ugra River will lead you to this point. And here, in addition to the site of excavations of early medieval fortifications, you will find an exhibition of artistic sculptures in the avant-garde style - made of stone, wood and even iron. You will be amazed by either scaly towers with turntables to determine the strength of the wind, or a pile of metal rings assembled in some arbitrary composition, or a futuristic 2-headed eagle and delightful fragments of landscape design. They are either touchingly classic or defiantly futuristic. In the midst of all this - the same kind of hotels and restaurants, playgrounds and venues for progressive festivals. So watch the signs!

Ugra National Park

In the lower section from the confluence with the Kanava to the village of Rezvan, the Ugra River represents a zone of special responsibility for the water traveler. The fact is that this is a federal nature park named after the river. The territory in the west still manages to capture a piece of the Smolensk-Moscow uplift, while in other parts it lies strictly on the plain. Aside from the river, the relief has even insignificant swampy lowlands. The massif will delight the tourist with small lakes, the largest tributaries of the Ugra (Vorey, Ressa and Zhizdra), several oxbows broken into picturesque ponds. There are pine forests (most of them are on the sand dunes of the Zhizdra valley), spruce-birch-alder thickets, oak forests and aspen-ash forests (the latter are least of all). 37% of the area is occupied by meadows and meadows, of which the main part is still dry meadows. It is on them that the excursion objects of the natural park are located. We have already mentioned the recreation centers and "Nikola-Lenivets". But in this area there are still rich flower meadows, the remains of the Kozelsk and Przemyshl marks (associated with the famous Standing on the Ugra, the continuation of which was the defensive activity organized by the local Vorotynsky dynasty). There is a fragment of an old road - Gzhatsky tract. In Peter's times, he connected the largest Russian cities with the wharves of the same name. The front line of the defensive period of the Second World War ran along Zhizdra. There are traces of dugouts. In total, there are 38 archaeological sites on the territory, which include the remains of settlements, fortified settlements, monastic farmsteads and estates of the local nobility. There are 8 memorial ecotrails for visiting all these points. "Rusinovsky Bereg", "Pavlovsky Bridgehead", "Front KP". And also "Surroundings of Ancient Opakov", "Expanse", "Otrada" - "Borovoe" and "Settlement - Nikola-Lenivets". Among the unnamed tracts are Galkinsky Forest, Kromino, Kellag Manor, Devil's Settlement, Lazy Lake and Obolensky Estate. As a result, we can say that the NP managed to retain the cultural landscape.

Museum "The Great Stand on the Eel"

To the south, we will come across another cultural and historical zone - the Dvortsovsko-Zavidoskaya floodplain. It was from here that the use of the Ugra River began as a line of defense for the Muscovite state from the scattered remnants of the Horde, thanks to which Russia was liberated. The complex is located in the embankment of the large village of Palaces (Dzerzhinsky district of the 40th region). The village got its name in honor of the headquarters of Ivan-III's son - Ivan Molodoy. He set up the towers ... The museum itself is located just 20 kilometers from the center of Kaluga, surrounded by archaeological monuments Vladimirskiy Skete and Vladimirskaya church. Includes three rooms and a courtyard. In this space, a monument to the Grand Duke Ivan the Third and an exposition are discovered, the main part of which is a diorama, classically designed, but using "fresh" methods of 3D presentation. It colorfully depicts both banks - Russian troops and militia, as well as the army of Khan Akhmat. Among the items of storage are small finds from the local excavations. Entrance - 150 rubles. Shooting is permitted. No age restrictions. Non-Christian dressed women will have to pull on a skirt or scarf on top (they are already waiting for them at the entrance). The first hall is decorated with works by local battle painter Pavel Ryzhenko and icons. It remains to add: at the moment, the Dvortsovsko-Zavidovskaya floodplain is preparing to become a "stage" for a global historical reconstruction on the theme just described. And the clubs are preparing the props.

Ugorskoe lake

We are talking about a reservoir stretched for 2.5 kilometers, part of the coast of which is occupied by a sand pit (Mostovskoy). For obvious reasons, the inhabitants of the small summer cottages of the northern coast chose it as the "main" beach. It is on this reservation that parking on the Ugra River is more interesting. The width of the water bowl reaches 750 meters. A convenient dam with "asphalt" runs almost in the center of the mirror. The nearest forest approaches from the west, from the side of the paid line M-3. On the side of the road is the monument Standing on the Ugra. It's about an extended pine forest. In honor of him, a cottage village and a gas station under construction were christened. They like to pick berries and mushrooms in the neighboring mixed forests. Fishermen-sportsmen often hold “Autumn Predator” competitions on the lake surface. Biological scientists recognized the water of the quarry (as well as the described river) pure. Therefore, there are always picnics. Unless there is no gentle approach. The edge is not less than a meter high. This reservoir is connected to the river by a barely noticeable eric.

Tourism and recreation on the Ugra river

The Ugra River is located mainly in the forest and only partially in the agrarian zone. It does not cross any cities and even at the “finish” it passes only through the suburbs. More often than not, there are not even villages on its banks, but villages and farmsteads, which increases its ecological significance. The water flow is crossed and "accompanied" by the following motorways - Vorotynsk-M-3, M-3 Platnaya, Varshavskoe highway and Kaluga-Vyazma. All other roads are little-visited, "internal" ones. The direction of the river is very quiet ...

The Ugra River is very suitable for trekking and cycling tours. In fact, along its entire length. Do not expect any other extreme from its floodplain - there are no caves or associated flight stations (balloon, parachute, etc.). Only recreation centers - "Otrada", "Ugra", "At the Spring", "Iceberg Ugra", "Houses on the Ugra". Hikers approve of 4 dense recreations, where they camp on the Ugra River - Ugorskoye Lake, Ugra National Park, Yukhnovsky Forest, as well as mixed thickets of the Ugransky District of the Smolensk Region (they are, by the way, the largest). Lots of firewood and a non-flooded shore.

Equestrian recreation on the Ugra River is also available. Such trips are organized in Kaluga. As a rule, cavalry exits are perfectly combined with the directions of agritourism. Many Kaluga farmers willingly demonstrate to the townspeople who live well in Russia, showing blacksmiths, cowsheds, pigsties, as well as haymaking and succulent pasturing.

Beach holidays on the Ugra River are also commonplace. The proven "baths" - a shallow near the Kaluga-Vorotynsk bridge, a cofferdam with the Ugorskoye lake, forest backwaters of the Yukhnovsky district, a waterline in the villages of Tovarkovo and Tuchnevo of the Dzerzhinsky district, a sandy cape near the Smolensk village of Markhotkino. These are pure sandy runs.

Cultural and historical recreation on the Ugra River is fully indicated in the chapter on attractions. And it remains to add about the pilgrimage. Believers come to all the temples listed in Chapter 4 with pleasure, take pictures of them. The Kaluga St. Tikhon's Hermitage is especially honored (on its territory is the museum-diorama "The Great Stand on the Ugra"). Everything here is for pilgrims.

Rafting down the Ugra river promises many completely safe adventures. It is rapidly gaining width, it has a low current speed, and its banks are high and wooded (from the village of Gorodok they approach the water itself, forming a vault). And this is just the most optimal. There are no wetlands. Considering all this, rafting on the Ugra River cannot be called extreme. There are rifts where there is still a stream of Ugra - in any case, no one will put a kayak there. It is more convenient to start a water journey from the Baskakovka station. But here you can get stuck among the floodplains, snags and annoying algae. Ordinary people choose the border of the central and lower sections - the bridge on the Varshavskoe highway. And beyond Znamenka and right up to Yukhnov you won't want to turn off the camera.

Fishing and hunting on the Ugra river

And the lovers of the fishing rod can be satisfied with the Ugra River. They associate fishing with many representatives of the aquatic ichthyofauna - pike, perch, ruff, crucian carp, pike perch, silver bream, bream, carp, top-melting, ide and even catfish. Do you like spending time at the fishing lodges? And on this basis, the Ugra river will suit you. Fishing will take place quietly on the embankments of several recreation centers. And also where there are few people. After all, 85% of its route is dense deserted forests. As a result, the Ugra River is famous for its very good, memorable coolness. Fishing, they say, brings good luck in places where there is depth, continuous reeds and driftwood. They are loved by pike, catfish and carp. Knowledgeable people praise the village of Belyaevo, the village of Palaces, the outskirts of Tuchnevo, Znamenka.

Talking about what the Ugra River is, the natives do not put fishing in the first place. Be aware that there is also hunting on the edge of the floodplain. However, mainly for marsh and meadow game. The fact is that in the 67th region they still cannot restore the normative number of populations of various animals. For hundreds of years, the region was the land of the nobility of the nobility of several states, and also the place of hundreds of military skirmishes, which led (along with fires) to almost universal extermination of game animals.

Protection of the Ugra river

Most of the protection of the Ugra River is carried out by the inspectors of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the staff of the NP "Ugra". Every day there are raids in recreation areas, including fishing backwaters. People are fined for unauthorized forms of fishing, violation of the water protection zone (access by car to the water itself), for kindling fires in protected areas and for leaving household waste. The protection of the Ugra River within its upper reaches rests entirely with activists from the Smolensk region, who draw the authorities' attention to the fact of illegal construction of dams and the need for dredging. In the lower reaches, the protection of the Ugra River is the concern of youth organizations from the central quarters and suburbs of the Kaluga Okrug, bringing hundreds of volunteers to the coastal cleanup days. So the local population relieves the wonderful tracts of toxic and other debris, returning the water's edge to its original appearance.

We hope that the description of the Ugra River, if it did not delight you, then at least made you think about how much you can find near its beautiful floodplain.