The amount of precipitation that falls in different parts of our planet is not the same, in some places the rain goes almost every day, the other regions suffer from drought. The article discusses the question in which latitudes the most precipitation falls.

Blue ball and latitude concept

Before moving to the consideration of the issue, in what lathes the amount of precipitation falls the greatest, it is necessary to remember what is our planet, and what is a latitude.

Since our planet is a ball (if you say strictly, then geoid), then the coordinates of the objects are used to determine the position of objects on its surface: longitude and latitude.

Under the breadth, the angle is understood between the equator line and a certain point on the ground, while the top of the angle in the center of the Earth is, and the arc on the surface of the planet between the point under consideration and the equator should pass along the meridian, that is, being perpendicular to the equatorial line. This line divides the globe all into two equal parts: hemisphere North and south. The combination of coordinates of one latitude on the surface of the planet is called parallel.

According to this definition, the equator line will have 0 o latitude, and the poles are north and southern +90 o and -90 o latitude, respectively. All parallels lying between 23 o north latitude (tropic of cancer) and 23 o South latitude (Capricorn tropic) form the so-called tropical climatic zone. Parallels located between 23 o and 66 o latitude in each hemisphere belong to the temperate climate zone. Finally, areas located between 66 o and 90 o are polar earth zones.

The amount of solar radiation is the main factor that determines the level of precipitation

In which latitudes the amount of precipitation falls the largest? Of course, in places where high air humidity is observed. The precipitates, which are loss on the surface of the water of water in the form of rain or snow, can exist only when the atmosphere contains a high percentage of water pair, which rises up and cooling, condenses in clouds, and then returns to the ground.

To saturate the air with water vapors, a huge energy is needed to translate water from liquid into a gaseous aggregate state. This energy in terrestrial scale can only be obtained from sunlight. Therefore, answering the question where the amount of precipitation falls the largest, it is safe to say that in the latitudes that get the greatest amount of solar energy.

Equator and tropical planet zones

Since the planet Earth has a spherical shape, then the rays from the Sun fall on the various latitudes at different angles. At the equator, they are perpendicular to the surface, so low latitudes are obtained by a maximum of radiation from our star. With increasing latitude, the angle of drops of rays is becoming less and the amount of solar energy is reduced.

This means that the correct answer to the question, in which latitudes the amount falls the greatest, will be the following: in the tropical zone, that is, between the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer.

Note that inside the tropical zone, two types of climate are usually distinguished:

  • equatorial, which is characterized by the average annual temperatures of 18-27 ° C and a large amount of rain, which go here almost every day;
  • actually tropical, here the temperature regime is experiencing stronger fluctuations during the year (10-30 ° C), and the precipitates fall unevenly (there is a drought season and rainy season).

Other factors affecting the amount of precipitation

In addition to solar radiation, which contributes to the evaporation of water and the formation of clouds, it is necessary for this water itself. Air masses that carry rains with them are forming over the oceans and seas. This means that the amount of precipitation is the greatest falls out due to rains on island states and countries that are located in the tropical zone near the coastline of the continents. So, if you look at the card, you can see that countries such as Chad or Saudi Arabia (southern part) are located in the tropical zone, but since they are located far from the oceans, then it rains to most of their territories are rare phenomenon.

In addition to the remoteness from the oceans, we give two more factors that are able to influence the level of precipitation:

  • Monsoons. These are winds that flow from the ocean in the summer, and in the winter from the continent, so in the summer, the amount of precipitation in the zones they reach is increasing.
  • Mountainous terrain. When the sea air mass meets on his mountain path, she cannot overcome them. Wet air, gradually rising through mountain slopes, cools, water vapor is condensed in it and falls on the ground in the form of rain. That is why the greatest amount of precipitation falls in the foothills.

Specific areas with plenty of rains

As it was clarified above, the greatest amount of precipitation falls in the latitudes of tropical and equatorial. Below we give examples of places on Earth, where heavy rains often go:

  • Vaileale Volcano, Hawaiian Islands. In this mountainous zone, which intercepts all the rain clouds passing through it, the level of precipitation is estimated at 11,500 mm per year.
  • Milford Track, New Zealand. Hundreds of rivers, waterfalls and lakes are the main characteristic of the landscapes of this place. The amount of precipitation averages 6000-8000 mm per year.
  • Jungle Borneo, Malaysia. This Selva is virgin. Annual precipitation here is about 5000 mm.
  • Yakushima, Japan. This is an island that is covered with dense forests. Here was registered from 4,000 to 10,000 mm precipitation depending on the year.
  • Cherapundy, India. For a long time, this Indian territory was considered the rainy on the planet. About 11430 mm of precipitation per year is registered here.

As can be seen from the list of the list, the greatest rainfall in the equatorial latitudes on the islands having mountainous relief.

The most rainy place on earth

Choco - Colombian Department, located in the North-West of the country in the Pacific coast. The amount of precipitation is the biggest precipitated here, according to some estimates it is 13,000 mm per year. The reasons why the rain goes here, according to local residents "35 days in a month," are not only the proximity of chocco to the equator and the Pacific Ocean, but also that the Department is in the low pressure zone, which attracts many sea air mass.

The most unloved autumn phenomenon is raining! Then all the magnificence of fading nature is overshadowed with gray sky, slush, dampness and cold damp wind. It seems that the sky broke away ... My girlfriend, who now lives far away from me, in St. Petersburg, laughs at my autumn Handrea, because in St. Petersburg it rains is the usual phenomenon. And what city in Russia is the most rainy?

Where in Russia the most precipitation falls

For some reason, many people believe that the most rainy city is St. Petersburg. But in fact, this opinion is mistaken. Yes, precipitation here drops a lot, but nevertheless, this city is far from the first place.

The greatest rates are observed in the Far Eastern region. This is primarily refer to the Kuril Islands. The absolute record is installed in North Kurilsk. It is usually about 1840 mm precipitation for the year. Scientists say that if the water coming from the sky did not evaporate and did not succeed in the ground, but remained on the streets, then this city would turn into a huge pool in a short time.


Ranking the most rainy regions of Russia: second place

In second place is the well-known and favorite city resort of Sochi. This city is really one of the most "wetted" city, about 1,700 mm of different precipitation falls here annually. It is worth noting that summer is not too wet here, and the bulk of the sediments falls during the cold season - the autumn-winter season. There is also a very unpleasant natural phenomenon - nascent deaths in the sea. They seem to be ashamed of the water from the sea, and then, like from the bucket, watered the city.


Rating of the most rainy regions of Russia: third place

This place won South Kurilsk. Here, during the year, 1250 mm is poured onto the ground. Compared to the two previous leaders, it seems that this indicator is not so big. But in fact, it is a lot. So, for example, in St. Petersburg - 660 mm per year, which is even less than in Moscow, where 700 mm drops.


The rest of the places were distributed like this:

  • in fourth place - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky;
  • on the fifth - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk;
  • the sixth went to Moscow;
  • seventh - St. Petersburg.

So meteorologists have destroyed the stereotype of the rainy of the northern capital, just a closing seven of the most rainy cities!

Are moisture, which falls on the surface of the Earth from the atmosphere. They accumulate in the clouds, but not all of them give moisture to fall on the surface of the planet. To do this, it is necessary that the drops or crystals can overcome the resistance of the air, typing enough for this mass. This is due to the connection of the drops with each other.

A variety of drafts

Depending on how precipitation looks and, from which state of the water they are formed, they are accepted to divide into six species. Each of them has its physical features.

Main types:

  • rain - water drops with a size of 0.5 mm;
  • moro - water particles up to 0.5 mm;
  • snow - Hexagon Ice Crystals;
  • snowy croup - rounded kernel with a diameter of 1 mm and more, which can be easily squeezed with fingers;
  • ice croups - rounded kernels coated with ice crust, which are plugged when falling to the surface;
  • grad - large icy particles of rounded shapes, which can sometimes weigh more than 300 g.

Distribution on Earth

There are several types of precipitation depending on the annual stroke. They have their own characteristics.

  • Equatorial. Uniform rain dropout throughout the year. The lack of dry months, the smallest amount of drop-down moisture falls at the time of equinox and solstice, which are in 04, 10, 06, 01
  • Monsoon. Uneven falling out of precipitation - the maximum amount falls in the summer season, minimal in the winter season.
  • Mediterranean. Maximum precipitation is fixed in winter, at least summer. It is found in subtropics, on the west coasts and in the middle of the continent. There is a gradual decrease in the amount as the mainland approaches the central part.
  • Continental. Precipitation more precisely in the warm season, and with the arrival of colds they are becoming less.
  • Nautical. Uniform distribution of moisture throughout the year. A minor maximum can be traced in the autumn-winter period.

What affects the distribution of precipitation on earth

In order to understand where the maximum amount of precipitation is on Earth, it is necessary to understand what this indicator depends.

The precipitation during the year is unevenly distributed over the ground. Their number decreases geographically from the equator to the poles. It can be said that their amount affects the geographical latitude.

Also, their distribution depends on the air temperature, the movement of air masses, relief, remoteness from the coast, sea currents.

For example, if warm wet meet on their way of the mountain, they, rising by their slopes, are cooled and issued precipitation. Therefore, the maximum amount of them falls on the mountain slopes, where the most wet parts of the Earth are located.

Where the maximum amount of precipitation falls

The territory of the equator is the leader in the number of precipitation for the year. Average indicators are 1000-2000 mm moisture throughout the year. There are areas on certain slopes of mountains, where this indicator increases to 6000-7000. And on the Cameroon volcano (MONGO MA NDEMI), the maximum precipitation falls within 10,000 mm and more.

This is explained by the high air temperature, high humidity, the predominance of ascending air flows.

It has long been noticed that on the geographical latitude of the equator 20º south and 20º to the north, almost 50% of all sediments of the Earth falls. Observations for many decades prove that the maximum amount of precipitation falls at the equator, especially in the mountainous area.

Distribution of the amount of drop-down moisture to the total amount of continents

Making sure that the maximum amount of precipitation falls on the equator, it is possible to consider in percentage ratio the number of drop-down precipitation through continents.

Maximum annual precipitation

Mount Vamaleal (Hawaii) is considered the most rainy place on the planet. Here during the year, 335 days it rains. The opposite situation is traced in the Atakama desert (Chile), in which the rain may not fall out during the year.

As for the greatest index of moisture for the year on average, the highest indicators from the Hawaiian Islands and India. On Mount Wayville (Hawaii), the maximum amount of precipitation falls up to 11900 mm, and at Cherapundy station (India) - up to 11400 mm. These two regions are the richest moisture.

The most arid regions are Africa and for example, in the oasis of Khara (Egypt), there is an average of less than 0.1 mm moisture per year, and in the town of Arik (Chile) - 0.5 mm.

Maximum indicators around the world

It is already clear that the most moisture has to be equator. As for the maximum indicators, they were fixed at different times and on different continents.

So the maximum amount of moisture for a minute fell in the city of UNionville (USA). It happened 04.07.1956. Their number per minute amounted to 31.2 mm.

If you continue the topic, then the maximum daily rainfall was recorded in the city of Silaz in the Indian Ocean). From 04/15/1952 to 16.04.1952, 1870 mm of water fell.

Maximum for the month belongs to the already famous city of Cherapundy (India), where 9299 mm of rain fell in July 1861. In the same year, the maximum indicator was recorded here, which was 26461 mm per year.

All presented data are not final. Observations for weather conditions show many new records, including relatively drop-down moisture. So, the record for the most powerful rain was broken after 14 years on the island of Guadeloupe. From the previous indicator, he distinguished himself a few mm.

In the entire history of mankind, a lot of evidence, stories and legends about large floods were accumulated. The reason for this is simple: the floods were always. Primitive people deliberately settled in the valleys located on the path of floods - because the lands were fertile here. What is flooding? This is a state when water comes out of the banks and spreads everywhere.

And what is the cause of flooding? - accumulation of a large amount of water in the river as a result of heavy rains. Water can appear from other sources or tanks, where it flows from the river. The river usually wash the extensive area, or the "swimming pool", and a strong flow of water from anywhere in this pool makes it raise the water level in the river and flood the shore. Some floods are very helpful. Neil, for example, every year from time immemorial time, together with spill water, brings fertile il with highlands.

On the other hand, the Juanhe River in China periodically becomes the death of people and destruction. For example, in 1935, due to the spill of this river, 4 million people were left without a roof above their heads! Is it possible to prevent floods? Probably it is impossible, because strong rains go regardless of the will of the person. But great efforts are being made to curb the floods, and someday, probably, it will be done.

There are three ways to curb the floods. One of them is to build dams and make a mound to protect agricultural land in those places where water comes. The second way is to organize channels for emergency cases, or waterproof to remove the excess water. The third method is to contain large reservoirs to accumulate water and gradually plum to large streams.

Many factors determine how much rain or snow falls onto the earth's surface. This temperature, height above sea level, location of mountain ranges, etc.

Probably, one of the most rare places in the world is Mount Vaileale in Hawaii, on the island of Kauai. The average annual precipitation is 1 197 cm.

The town of Cherrypundy, which is located in the foothills of Himalayas, may occupy the first place in the amount of precipitation - 1,200 cm. Once 381 cm Rain fell here in 5 days. And in 1861 the amount of precipitation reached 2,300 cm!

The most arid place in the world is in the desert Atakam in Chile. Here, drought lasts more than four centuries. The most arid place in the US - Ranch Greenland in the Valley of Death. There is an average annual precipitation level less than 3.75 cm.

In some regions of the Earth, heavy rains are all year round. For example, almost every point along the equator receives 152 cm and more precipitation for each year (from the children's encyclopedia; 143 words).

Task to text

1. Determine the style and type of speech.

2. Make a plan to the text.

Approximate plan

1. Factors that affect the amount of precipitation.

2. The most rainy places.

3. The most arid place.

4. Precipitation at the equator.

Record and explain the spelling of words. Vaiealeale, Kauai, Cherryopundzhi, Podgorje, Atakam, the most cautionary, Greenland, Equator.

4. Question to the text.

What factors affect the amount of precipitation?

What are the place in the world where the most rain falls into the year?

What is the most arid city in the world?

Where it is located?

Tell us about the number of precipitation at the equator.

5. According to the plan drawn up text.