National anthem of Poland in Polish. Questions on the map of the Pole. State symbols of Poland. The text of the national anthem of Poland with translation into Russian

The constitutionally approved anthem of Poland today is the mazurka by composer Dąbrowski. The song appeared from the author's pen two centuries ago, when Poland was going through hard times. Then independence was taken away from Poland by force, and its territory was divided among themselves by the leaders of the then Europe: Prussia, Russia and Austria-Hungary. Then the first one broke out Polish uprising under the leadership of Kosciuszko, but alas, it was doomed to failure from the very beginning. The patriots of that time hoped only for French Revolution, which could bring liberation to all of Europe, including Poland.

The history of the appearance of the Polish anthem

One of the main inspirers of the patriotic mood in Poland was Jozef Wybicki, co-author of the Polish constitution, who at one time fought for the country's freedom along with Kosciuszko. At the same time, for the first time, the world learned about Napoleon, who went on his Italian raid, capturing territories where millions of Austrians were settled. At the same time, the territory of the Republic of Lombardy was liberated, where Dombrovsky created the first Polish liberation army, the Polish Legions.

The Polish Legions dreamed of making a trip to their native lands in order to liberate Poland from the invaders. Then came the summer of 1979, during which Vybitsky went to Italy. Then he will see how unrealistic the dreams of the legionnaires turned out to be. Napoleon concludes a peace treaty with Austria, and now it is not possible to liberate Poland. And right at this moment, in order to raise the spirit of the newly formed Polish army, Vybitsky decides to write the words of a patriotic song. The first lines read, Poland has not yet died while we are alive. And on July 20 of the same year, the Polish military orchestra performed this song for the first time, setting the words to the music of the Polish folk melody of the mazurka. Legionnaires sing along with the orchestra, feeling more and more like a part of a country captured, but not dead, but only asking for help from their sons.

Already in 1806, together with the French troops, Dombrovsky led the Polish Legions to Poznan. They are again met by the orchestra and the song, which later became the anthem of the country. Everyone knew her then. It was sung in Lithuania, where the French and Poles were preparing for the Russian war. It was sung at meetings of secret societies that dreamed of regaining Poland's independence. And only in 1926, Dombrowski's mazurka became the anthem of Poland, and remains so to this day.

The text of the national anthem of Poland with translation into Russian

Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła,
Poland has not yet died,
Kiedy my zyjemy.
If we are alive.
Co nam obca przemoc wzięła,
All that is taken away by the enemy force,
Szablą odbierzemy.
We will return the sword.

Marsz, marsz, Dąbrowski...
March, march, Dombrowski...
Z ziemi włoskiej do Polski,
From Italian land to Poland.
Za twoim przewodem
Under your guidance
Złączym się z narodem.
Let's connect with the people.

Przejdziem Wisłę, przejdziem Wartę,
We will cross the Vistula, we will cross the Warta,
Będziem Polakami,
Let's be Poles.
Dał nam przykład Bonaparte,
Bonaparte gave us an example
Jak zwyciężać mamy.
How should we win.

Marsz, marsz, Dąbrowski...
March, march, Dombrowski...

Jak Czarniecki do Poznania
Like Czarniecki to Poznan,
Po szwedzkim zaborze,
After the Swedish occupation,
Dla ojczyzny ratowania
To save the motherland
Wrocim się przez morze.
Let's go back across the sea.

Marsz, marsz, Dąbrowski...
March, march, Dombrowski...

Już tam ojciec do swej Basi
Already there the father of his Basho,
Mowi zaplakany:
Tearful says:
"Sluchaj jeno, pono nasi
"Listen, it looks like our
Biją w tarabany.”
They beat the drums."

Marsz, marsz, Dąbrowski...
March, march, Dombrowski...

National anthem of Poland with words: video

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The anthem of Poland is the composition "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego" ("Dąbrowski's Mazurka" or "Dąbrowski's March"), written by Józef Wybicki in 1797.

The original title was "Pieśń Legionów Polskich we Włoszech" ("Song of the Polish legions in Italy"), also known from the first line - "Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła" ("Poland has not yet died").

Poland disappeared from political map Europe as a result of the third partition of Poland in 1795, carried out by Russia, Prussia and Austria.

In 1797, the Polish General Jan Henryk Dombrowski, with the permission of Napoleon Bonaparte, created the Polish Legions in Italy, which, according to Dombrowski's plan, were to liberate Poland from occupation, but in the summer of that year Napoleon began negotiations with Austria, which had a bad effect on fighting spirit Polish legionnaires. Jozef Wybicki arrived in Italy in the summer of that year, and composed the words of a song that was supposed to cheer up the legionnaires. It was first performed on July 20 by a military orchestra in the rhythm of a mazurka to a Polish folk tune.

(In 1999 in London on Polish Andrzej Załuski's book "The Mystery of Dąbrowski's Mazurka" was published. Detective case from the eighteenth century. In it, Andrzej Załuski puts forward the version that the author of the music of Dąbrowski's Mazurka may have been Michal-Kleofas Ogiński, the author of the famous polonaise).

The words of Dąbrowski's Mazurka were influenced by the Marseillaise (War Song of the Army of the Rhine), written by Rouger de Lisle in 1792:

Aux armes citoyens! Formez vos bataillons!

marchons, marchons,

Qu "un sang impur abreuve nos sillons.

However, the Polish anthem, being essentially a military march, is performed in the dance rhythm of the mazurka.

Meeting of General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski and Józef Wybicki with Napoleon in 1807

The song quickly became very popular in Poland. She became national anthem November 1830 and the January Uprising of 1863. During the revolutionary events of 1848 (the so-called "Spring of the Nations") "Dąbrowski's Mazurka" was performed in Prague, Paris, Vienna and Berlin.

The battle song of the Polish legions caused a whole wave of imitations. A few decades later, her motive inspires Ljudevit Gaj to create the anthem song "Croatia has not yet perished." The answer to him is a similar essay by Gandriy Seiler "Serbia has not yet perished." Finally, Pavel Chubinsky writes the words to the anthem "Ukraine has not died yet." The Slovak poet Samo Tomasek composed the song "Gay, Slavs" to the tune of "Dąbrowski's Mazurka". Another famous version of this song was composed by the Bulgarian poet Shumi Maritsa and subsequently became the anthem of Bulgaria from 1886-1944.

In 1926 "Dąbrowski's Mazurka" became the national anthem of Poland. During the years of the existence of the Polish People's Republic the anthem was usually sung without words. Obviously, the words "Bonaparte gave us an example" did not fit well with the status of socialist Poland, a satellite Soviet Union. And from the song, as you know, you can’t throw out the words.

Jeszcze Polska nie zgineła,

Kiedy my zyjemy.

Co nam obca przemoc wziela,

Szablą odbierzemy.

Marsz, marsz, Dąbrowski,

Z ziemi włoskiej do Polski,

Za twoim przewodem

Złaczym się z narodem.

Przejdziem Wisłe, Przejdziem Warte,

Będziem Polakami,

Dał nam przykład Bonaparte,

Jak zwyciężać mamy.

Marsz, marsz, Dąbrowski...

Jak Czarniecki do Poznania

Po szwedzkim zaborze,

Dla ojczyzny ratowania

Wracal się przez morze.

Marsz, marsz, Dąbrowski...

Mówił ojciec do swej Basi

Caly zaplakany:

"Sluchaj jeno, pono nasi

Biją w tarabany."

Marsz, marsz, Dąbrowski...

Russian translation of the song:

Poland has not yet died,

As long as we live.

What was taken away by the enemy force,

We will return the sabers.

March, march, Dombrovsky,

From Italy to the Polish region,

under your guidance

We will unite the people.

We will cross the Vistula and the Warta,

So that we can be Poles

Bonaparte gave us an example,

How can we win.

March, march, Dombrowski...

How to Poznan Czarniecki

With the Swedish ruin,

To save the Motherland

Let's cross the sea.

March, march, Dombrowski...

Father will tell his daughter

Tears are not hiding here:

"Hey, listen, these are our

They beat the drums."

March, march, Dombrowski...

The original text by Józef Wybicki in 1797 differed somewhat from the modern one. It included two additional stanzas (in the official text national anthem Poland, they are absent). Below is their translation.

German and Russian [in our land] will not settle

And they will taste the broadsword

Our slogans will be "Consent"

End of misery!

We have Raclavice braids,

Kosciuszko, and God will help us."

(In the battle of Raclavice on April 4, 1794, Kosciuszko defeated the Russian troops of General Tormasov. The decisive role in the battle was played by peasants armed with scythes (the so-called cosigners).

When writing a post used material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia.

Almost the same in Minsk and in Moscow and Lvov. They concern knowledge of history, traditions, religion, state structure. Thus, even by learning just some questions and answers to the Pole card, you will know a lot about. In this article we give questions about the State symbols of Poland.

Give a clear answer to the questions posed, as completely as possible, if you don’t even know the answer or don’t understand - don’t be silent - ask to ask the question again. Try to explain what was taught, but forgot from excitement. If you forgot a Polish word, say it in Belarusian or Ukrainian, if you know))).

Poland (Polska), official name - Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska). Rzeczpospolita is the Poles' interpretation of the name republic. If you (God forbid!) decide to say "Rebublika Polska" - then consider that you offended the Pole, and failed the exam!

Question - Jak wygląda flaga Polski?

The answer is Dwa poziome pasy: czerwony na dole, bialy na gorze.

— What does the flag of Poland look like?

— Two horizontal stripes: red — from below, white — from above.

Such a flag, in accordance with the law, is used by Polish representations abroad, in harbors, at civil airports and airfields, as well as by civil aircraft abroad. In Poland itself, the flag is simply without a coat of arms. By the way, the shade of red on the flag was officially approved by Polish law. It is useful to know that if the flag is turned over, it will already be the flag of Monaco or Indonesia, maybe that's why there is a coat of arms on the flag of Poland abroad?

Question – Jak wygląda godło Polski?

The answer is Bialy orzel na czerwonym tle ze złotą koronę.

What does the coat of arms of Poland look like?

- A white eagle on a red background with a golden crown.

A rare question - how many prongs are on the crown - the answer is 3. The first coat of arms of the Piasts depicted an eagle with a crown of 3 teeth. They may ask which way the eagle is looking. Moreover, the question sounded from the opposite - why is the eagle looking to the left? The answer is short - looks at the right shoulder.

Along with this, it is useful to know the legend of the flag (one might also ask what legends do you know?)

Według popularnej legendy, założyciel państwa Polan, Lech, podczas postoju w okolicach Poznania ujrzał pod wieczór sporych rozmiarów gniazdo na drzewie. Znajdował się w nim biały orzeł z dwoma pisklętami. Gdy Lech przyglądał się mu, orzeł rozpostarł skrzydła na tle nieba czerwonego od zachodzącego słońca. Lech zachwycił się, postanowił tam osiąść, umieścił orła w swym herbie, a miejsce na pamiątkę nazwał Gniezdnem (obecnie Gniezno) od słowa gniazdo.

According to a well-known Polish legend, the founder of the Polyan country, Lech, during a stopover in the vicinity of Poznań, saw a huge nest on a tree in the evening. An eagle with two chicks was sitting in the nest. When Lech looked at the eagle, he spread his wings against the background of the sky red from the setting sun. Lech admired, decided to settle there, placing an eagle on his coat of arms, and called the city Gniezn from the word nest.

Question - Hymn Poland?

The answer is Mazurek Dąbrowskiego.

— Anthem of Poland?

- Dąbrowski's Mazurka.

Hence the derivative question - who is the author of the anthem?

Author Joseph Rufin Wybicki(author Jozef Rufin Wybitsky).

Mazurek Dąbrowskiego - polska pieśń patriotyczna z 1797 roku, od 26 lutego 1927 oficjalny hymn państwowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Pierwotnie hymn nazywany Pieśnią Legionow Polskich we Włoszech

Dąbrowski's Mazurka is a Polish patriotic song from 1797, since February 26, 1927, the official anthem of the Republic of Poland. The anthem was originally called "The Song of the Polish Legions in Italy".

The question may also be asked in the reverse order - what is a mazurkaDombrovsky? The answer is the national anthem of Poland. Or, what is the "Song of the Polish Legions in Italy"?

Mazurek Dabrowskiego (Dąbrowski's Mazurka) — we give it with transcription, so it is easier to learn it for those who are still poorly oriented in Polish.

When you learn it is useful to listen to the national anthem of Poland.

Good to know: W średniowieczu hymnem Polski była "Bogurodzica". Na przestrzeni wiekow XIV-XVIII Bogurodzica w wersji starobialoruskiej Bagarodzitsa pełniła także rolę hymnu państwowego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego.

In the Middle Ages, the anthem of Poland was "The Mother of God", it was also performed before the battles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

By the way, Basya is possible, Dombrovsky's beloved, who in 1806 became his wife. And yet, do not confuse this Dombrovsky (he is the king's nephew!) with Yaroslav Dombrovsky, who fought in the Paris Commune and was one of the organizers of the Sichny Uprising!

Marieth Yuzefov Noah Konopnitskaya in 1908 wrote the poem "The Oath" ( Rota), which is still popular in Poland and has been seriously considered as the national anthem of Poland.

Questions on the Pole's Map with answers about the state symbols of Poland and not only are best "fixed" with such a small cartoon, at the same time you will improve the Polish language.

The anthem of Poland, as a state symbol, was officially approved on February 26, 1927. However, it was written much earlier, presumably two years after the division of the Commonwealth between Russian Empire, Germany and Austria-Hungary, in 1797.

Text

History of the Polish anthem

The original text of the Polish anthem was a poem by Jozef Wybicki and was called "Song of the Polish Legions in Italy". The name of the author of the melody based on the motifs of the folk mazurka (actually mazurka) is unknown. Initially, it was believed that this melody was composed by Prince Mikhail Cleofas Oginsky (the creator of the famous polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland"), but judging by the archival materials, he denies his involvement and is still most often the songwriters and scientific works indicate the term "folk melody". The song was created between July 16 and 19, 1797 in the Italian town of Reggio Emilia in the Cisalpine Republic (in today's Italy). The song was first performed in public on July 20, 1797. The text was first printed in Mantua, in February 1799, in the newsletter "Decade of Legionnaires".

From the very beginning, the song was enthusiastically received in the Dombrowski Legion. At the beginning of 1798 it was known in all the occupied territories of Poland. It is sung during the entry of General H. Dombrowski and J. Wybitsky to Poznan on November 3, 1806, during the November (1830) and January (1863) uprisings, the 1905 revolution, the first and second world wars. The text was translated in many countries out of a sense of solidarity with Poland and was known in 17 languages, including: German, French, English, Russian, Hungarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovak, Lithuanian and Žemat. During the Spring of Nations (1848), Dąbrowski's Mazurka was performed on the streets of Vienna, Berlin and Prague, where it was especially popular. "Dąbrowski's Mazurka" was used as a basis or main topic in many compositions. One of the first, it was used by Karol Karpinsky, who wrote in 1821 a fugue for piano (organ) on the theme of a mazurka. The fugue was performed under his direction from January 1, 1831 by the orchestra of the Warsaw Opera. Richard Wagner used the melody "Mazurka" in Polonius' overture, written after the suppression of the November uprising. It was also played during the German occupation, during the Second World War, when the performance of the Polish anthem was prohibited. In a modified form, the music of the anthem is used in the Nazi propaganda film "Return to the Homeland" (Heimkehr).

To the tune of the Polish anthem in Silesia, a popular patriotic song called “Our beloved Silesia for a long time ...” was sung to the words of the Silesian poet and writer Konstantin Damrot.

During the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, the Hungarian units stationed in Warsaw sympathized with the Poles. The orchestra of the 5th Hungarian reserve division played for the Varsovians "Dąbrowski's Mazurka" in Ursynow.

Facsimile of the manuscript of Jozef Wybicki's National Anthem of Poland

The first stanza of the anthem refers to the last partition of Poland. After the defeat of the Kosciuszko uprising, in 1795 the territory of Poland was completely divided between Russia, Prussia and Austria. The stanza thus expresses patriotism and faith in the restoration of independence.

After the third partition of the Commonwealth, a significant number of Polish soldiers emigrated to France and Italy. In January 1797, General Jan Henryk Dombrowski, in accordance with an agreement with the Lombard government, in agreement with the French, created the Polish Legions. In the chorus, the author, who was one of the founders of the Legions, expressed his hope to return to Poland under the command of General Dąbrowski.

The hope of the legionnaires to return to Poland, however, was connected with the battles conducted under the leadership of General Napoleon Bonaparte, who already then had great military successes in northern Italy, and a few years later ruled France. In the second stanza (and in the third stanza in the Wybicki manuscript) of the anthem, the author expressed confidence that with the help of Bonaparte, the soldiers, coming from the west across the Warta River and south through the Vistula, would restore an independent Poland.

The third stanza (the second in the original manuscript) glorifies the exploits of Stefan Czarniecki during the Swedish invasion in the 17th century and, in particular, the crossing to the island of Als.

Vybitsky's original manuscript has a fourth stanza that is not in the modern hymn. In this stanza, the author says that the only condition for an agreement with the two largest invaders, that is, Prussia (Germany) and Russia (Muscovites), will be a national agreement.

The fourth stanza (fifth according to the manuscript) was, as it were, a reminder for the legionnaires remaining in exile, depicting the Poles who remained in their homeland and impatiently awaiting the approaching Polish troops.

In the sixth stanza (in the manuscript), Józef Wybicki referred to Tadeusz Kościuszko, the victorious commander in the battle of Racławice during the uprising in 1794. He also expressed his hope for the Providence of God.

In conclusion, the words of the "Song of the Polish Legions in Italy" were harbingers of grandiose events in the history of Polish weapons and people, in which the hope of returning to their homeland and the restoration of Poland's independence sounds.

Many people distort the second verse and instead of "...when we live..." they sing "...while we live...". In the original text of Vybitsky and the current text of the anthem is the form, "when" and only it is correct.

After the defeat of Napoleon, General Dombrovsky went to serve in Russian army and was awarded the rank of Major General by Emperor Alexander I.