Vogue grenades. Cartridge container. Comparison with the American counterpart
Until 2005, unitary shots VOG-17 and VOG-ZO with high-explosive fragmentation grenades were used to fire from the 30-mm AGS-17 and AGS-30 mounted anti-personnel grenade launchers (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).
In the first VOG-17 grenade launcher round developed by FSUE GNPP Bazalt, the grenade consists of a chiseled thin-walled body, inside of which there is a fragmentation jacket in the form of a twisted and transversely notched steel spring of square section, as well as two explosives. Due to the design features of the hull, when it is undermined, many small fragments are formed, which allow you to effectively hit unprotected manpower.
In the shot of the second generation VOG-ZO, created by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise FSPC "Pribor", the body of the grenade is made by the cold deformation method with the formation of semi-finished rectangular striking elements on the inner surface of the grid. The use of a new housing design made it possible to press the explosive directly into the housing and thereby increase the filling factor by 1.1 times. Taken together, this ensured an increase in the effectiveness of shrapnel damage by more than 1.5 times.
The VOG-17 and VOG-3O shots are equipped with an instantaneous head mechanical fuse, semi-safety type, with a pyrotechnic mechanism for long-range cocking and self-destruction.
There are three modifications of grenade launchers. The original and already obsolete VOG-17 type with an instantaneous fuse. The subsequent modification, VOG-17M, differs from the previous one in that the fuse is equipped with a self-destruct device. The self-liquidator mechanism is activated from overloads when fired. The fuses of all types of grenades are cocked at a distance of 10-60 m from the muzzle of the grenade launcher, which provides additional safety when firing. For training firing, practical shots VUS-17 are used, equipped with a pyrotechnic composition of orange smoke, indicating the place where the grenade fell. The grenades of these shots are equipped with a copper leading belt pressed into the body of the grenade.
These shots in all respects comply with strict Russian standards and are mass-produced. Despite the smaller caliber compared to some foreign grenades, the striking effectiveness of these shots is even higher (Fig. 3).
However, the maximum firing range of the AGS-17 and AGS-30 grenade launchers using VOG-17 and VOG-ZO rounds is 1,730 m, which is significantly less than that of foreign grenade launchers.
In addition, over time, specialists also began to note the insufficiently high fragmentation efficiency of VOG-17 and VOG-ZO ammunition in the fight against manpower protected by constantly improving personal armor protection, as well as their large technical dispersion in range, amounting to Vd / Xmax ≤ 1 /70.
These shortcomings reduced the technical level of Russian grenade launchers, and, consequently, their competitiveness in the international arms market. Due to these circumstances, the issue of improving the main performance characteristics of the VOG-17 and VOG-30 rounds at the end of 1999 became extremely relevant and required urgent decisions. The study of the structure of the VOG-17 and VOG-ZO shots showed that their combat capabilities within the framework of existing designs have been basically exhausted. It became obvious that it was possible to increase the firing capabilities of grenade launchers and expand the range of tasks with their use by developing and adopting a more powerful multi-purpose high-explosive fragmentation munition.
Based on the trend in the world development of ammunition and the conditions of modern combat, according to military experts, for these complexes it was necessary:
Increase in the maximum firing range from 1730 m to at least 2100 m;
Improving the accuracy of combat Vd / Xmax from 1/70 to 1/100;
An increase, in comparison with a regular VOG-3O shot, by ≈ 1.3 times the area of fragmentation of unprotected manpower, as well as manpower in bulletproof vests with a specific penetration energy of 62 kg/cm2.
Due to these circumstances, in 1999, the State Unitary Enterprise KB Priborostroeniya began work on creating a new 30-mm GPD-30 round with a high-explosive fragmentation grenade of increased efficiency for the AGS-17 and AGS-30 grenade launchers in service.
It was obvious that it was not possible to significantly increase the maximum firing range in the traditional way, that is, by increasing the lateral load of the grenade and its initial speed, it was not possible, since regular grenade launchers are designed for a certain recoil momentum.
The available experience in solving such issues clearly indicated that it was possible to increase the firing range while maintaining the recoil momentum only by improving the aerodynamic shape of the grenade. Achieving the best performance in terms of accuracy of battle is possible only by increasing the accuracy of conducting a grenade along the bore, reducing the spread of its initial velocity, ballistic coefficient and imbalance of the center of mass, which together allows the grenade to leave the barrel with minimal disturbance and more accurately reach the intended target.
No less difficult was the task of increasing the damaging effect of grenades.
The task of increasing the area of fragmentation damage to manpower, including those protected by bulletproof vests, was solved in a comprehensive manner, namely, by optimizing the average mass of fragments, increasing their speed and angles of expansion, using a grenade in larger quantities and with a stronger high-explosive effect of explosive substances.
For a new shot, a new method of manufacturing a grenade body has been worked out. In this case, it is manufactured, like the body of the VOG-3O grenade, by the method of volumetric deformation on its inner surface of a fragmentation mesh of a rhombic profile, in which all sides of a single fragmentation element are oriented relative to the texture of the cold-worked body at a certain angle. It was the absence of longitudinal stress concentrators in the fragmentation grid that excluded the destruction of the hull along its generatrix, and, consequently, the formation of large and “saber-shaped” fragments that reduce the utilization factor of the hull metal.
The uniqueness of the noted technology lies in the fact that it allows to completely produce a fragmentation mesh in just two operations and without relative axial displacement of the shaping tool and the body workpiece. This ensures high durability of the tool and preserves for a long time the original accuracy of the flute geometry, which is responsible for the destruction of the body in strict accordance with the number of semi-finished elements embedded in the fragmentation grid.
The end result of the work done was the adoption in 2005 of a modern 30-mm grenade launcher with a high-explosive fragmentation grenade of increased efficiency (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) into service with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
The grenade launcher device is shown in Figure 6.
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Rice. 6. GPA-30 grenade device |
The operation of the shot is as follows.
When the primer is initiated, a propellant charge located in the bottom recess ignites. The resulting powder gases flow through the transverse channels into the outer cavity, thereby equalizing the pressure on both sides of the wall of the hollow stern. Taking into account the fact that the end part of the stern is limited by the bottom side surface of the sleeve, the volume of the outer cavity is much less than the volume of the charging chamber, and the flow area of the transverse channels has a quite definite value, the pressure increase in both volumes occurs almost simultaneously and without residual deformation of the stern wall.
After the powder gases have reached the so-called forcing pressure, the grenade is initially pressed by its leading belt into the bullet hole, and then into the side face of the barrel bore rifling, forming leading ledges on the belt with a shape that matches the barrel bore rifling. The belt material displaced by the rifling field is freely placed in the cavities of the comb belt, thereby providing the necessary condition for the grenade to fly out of the barrel with minimal disturbances, and, consequently, the possibility of providing a greater firing range. When the grenade reaches the muzzle of the barrel, it leaves the latter with a given linear and angular velocity. In flight, a rotating grenade captures air with intake planes 16 of its transverse grooves 10 and thus creates additional resistance forces at its end, causing the appearance of lift and an additional stabilizing pitch moment relative to the center of mass of the grenade located upstream of the air flow. As a result of this, the nutation vibrations of the grenade are damped, thereby reducing its drag, which contributes to an increase in the flight range.
When the grenade reaches the target, the head fuse 17 is triggered by a sharp deceleration, causing the detonation of the explosive 18 and, as a result, the destruction of the grenade body and the formation of a high-speed stream of striking elements.
The rationality of the distinctive features of the third generation GPD-30 shot in comparison with the second generation VOG-30 shot is confirmed by the graphical dependencies shown in Figures 7-12.
A comparative analysis of the presented graphs shows that the use of the GPD-30 shot instead of the VOG-ZO shot allows:
Increase the maximum firing range by 21.4% by reducing the drop in speed during flight;
Increase high-altitude by 16% when firing flat and mounted trajectories;
Reduce the sensitivity of the grenade trajectory to the action of a side wind by 1.5-2 times both for flat and mounted shooting;
Reduce the sensitivity of the firing range to the action of longitudinal wind by 1.5-2 times when firing at throwing angles up to 40°.
At the same time, the flight time of a grenade is reduced by up to 40% with flat firing at a distance of up to 1730 m and slightly increases with mounted firing due to an increase in the height of the trajectory.
The appearance of the fragments, distributed by mass groups, is shown in Figure 13 and indicates the planned crushing of the grenade shell.
For a numerical assessment of the superiority of the GPD-30 grenade over the VOG-3O grenade, the calculation of the reduced area of fragmentation damage within their maximum firing range was carried out.
The results of calculating the reduced area of destruction by fragments of a given fragmentation of GPD-30 and VOG-3O grenades, depending on the firing range (the angle of approach of the grenade to the target) are shown in Figure 15.
As can be seen, in terms of the area of the reduced fragmentation damage of the GPD-30 grenade in the entire range of firing ranges, it significantly exceeds the standard VOG-30 grenade.
On the basis of experimental data on the assessment of the maximum firing range, accuracy of battle and the reduced area of fragmentation of the GPD-30 and VOG-30 rounds, as well as the calculation of the effectiveness of their combat use, the superiority of the new development in all main and auxiliary parameters was shown (Fig. 16).
The high level of technical and economic indicators of the GPD-30 shot allowed the State Unitary Enterprise "Design Bureau of Instrument Engineering" to organize its mass production in the shortest possible time and at minimal cost. Since 2005, the GPD-30 shot has been exported.
40-mm shots of the active type VOG-25, VOG-25P (bouncing) with a fragmentation grenade are designed to destroy enemy manpower located in open areas, reverse slopes of heights, in trenches, trenches at ranges up to 400 m. The design feature of the shot is a two-chamber ballistic engine (DBK) and organized fragmentation. Shooting is carried out from 40-mm grenade launchers GP-25, GP-30, installed on all modifications of the Kalashnikov assault rifle (except for the shortened AKS-74U). Loading is done by inserting a shot into the barrel from the muzzle until the latch clicks. For training shooting and checking the battle of grenade launchers, VOG-25in shots with an inert grenade (equipped instead of BB with a smoke-forming or inert substance) and a mock fuse are used.
The 40 mm VOG-25 shot consists of the following main parts:
- fragmentation grenade OG-25;
- propellant charge 4A-33;
- instant fuse head VMG-K.
Fragmentation grenade OG-25 shot has:
- steel body with fairing;
- bursting charge - round checker BB brand A-IX-I;
- cardboard insert - mesh;
- a bottom with a flange and the pallet.
The body of the grenade is made with an internal thread on both sides for attaching the fuse and the bottom and has 12 ready-made protrusions for barrel rifling, 8 transverse grooves to facilitate fragmentation. The fairing, which completely covers the fuse, is attached to the body by rolling. Cardboard insert-mesh provides organized crushing of the hull into lethal fragments (up to 200 lethal fragments), due to the difference in the rate of propagation of explosive transformation in different environments. The bottom has a flange for fixing the grenade in the barrel and a pallet with an internal thread for screwing in the propellant cartridge case. The bottom can be attached to the hull with an interference fit and fixed with a 4-sided punch.
Throwing charge (code 4A-33) has:
- a sleeve with an external thread, which is a charge combustion chamber;
- charge of porous pyroxylin powder grade P-200 weighing 0.71 g;
- primer-igniter KVM-3.
The sleeve has a primer seat and 10 holes located around it, closed from the inside with an aluminum foil cover for tightness. Fuse VMG-K (P) - head, shock-instant action, with three stages of protection (inertial, centrifugal, long-range cocking 10-40 m) and self-destruction time - 14-19 s, designed to explode a grenade when it encounters an obstacle or self-destruction . The fuse has an aluminum body with a bushing and a nut with an insert, in which are assembled:
- ignition mechanism;
- long-range cocking mechanism;
- shock mechanism of shock-instantaneous and inertial action;
- mechanism of self-destruction;
- A30-T detonator cap.
The ignition mechanism provides the launch of long-range cocking and self-destruction mechanisms. It is assembled in the side channel of the housing sleeve and has: an igniter cap and a tip with a spring in the cap. The long-range cocking mechanism ensures the safety of the fuse in service and after firing at a distance of 10-40 m. It has:
- a damper with a spring and a KD-N-10 blasting cap (for VMG-P - an igniter cap) in the transverse groove of the housing sleeve;
- damper stopper, located in the side vertical channel of the bushing, with a spring and a cap, into which the powder composition PK-5 is pressed;
- a pin (radial damper stopper) with a spring in the cap.
The impact mechanism is designed to transfer the reaction force of the barrier and actuate the firing chain. The mechanism is assembled in a nut and has:
- a cover on which a cap with a conical spring is fixed with a screw from below;
- spring split ring;
- body insert with a tip and a spring in the central channel;
- two radial narrow plates located horizontally between the cap and the sting.
The self-destruct mechanism is designed to explode a grenade if, for some reason, the percussion mechanism did not work. He has:
- powder composition MMS-2 in the semi-annular groove of the bottom of the housing sleeve;
- beam detonator cap B-37 in the lateral vertical channel of the housing sleeve with a transfer powder composition VN.
In total, the VMG-K fuse has six springs, one blasting cap and two beam ones, one igniter cap.
The VMG-P fuse is designed similarly to the VMG-K fuse, but is placed in a metal cup and instead of the A30-T detonator cap, which is transferred to the bottom of the cup, it has a tray with an expelling powder charge (1.2 g). The A30-T detonator cap is supplemented with a powder retarder. The glass with VMG-P is connected to the body of the grenade without a fairing, which is the external difference between the VOG-25P shot and the VOG-25 shot.
Action shot VOG-25 (P)
When the striker hits the primer-igniter of the propellant charge, the beam of fire ignites the powder charge. The powder gases formed as a result of the combustion of the charge in the sleeve (first chamber), breaking through the foil, exit into the chamber of the breech breech (second chamber) and eject the grenade at a speed of 76 m / s. Such a propellant charge device is called a two-chamber ballistic engine (“flying cartridge case”). When meeting with an obstacle, the fuse is triggered, causing a grenade explosion with a radius of continuous destruction by fragments up to 6 m.
Action fuse VMG-K
In official use, the spring ring is located under a cover that is pressed against the nut by the action of a conical spring. The damper is shifted to the side and is held by a stopper and a pin. When fired, from a sharp push, the cap, compressing the conical spring, settles with a spring ring, which, expanding, takes place between the cap and the cap. After the termination of the inertial forces, the conical spring, straightening up, raises the cover, due to which a gap is formed between the cover and the nut - the inertial fuse is turned off (removed - 1st stage). At the same time, under the action of inertia forces, the primer of the igniter mechanism, settling, pricks on the sting. The beam of fire ignites the powder composition in the semi-annular groove and the powder composition of the damper stopper on the other side. When a rotating grenade leaves the barrel, the radial pin shifts under the action of centrifugal force and releases the shutter, turning off the centrifugal fuse (2nd stage removed). In flight, at a distance of 10-40 m, the burning of the long-range cocking powder composition ends and the stopper releases the shutter, which, under the action of its spring, moves and sets the detonator cap under the sting (3rd stage removed) - the fuse is ready to explode.
When hitting an obstacle, the cover through the spring ring, the ribs of the cap and the plate transfers force to the sting, which pierces the damper detonator cap, causing the LZO-T detonator cap and the main explosive charge to fire. If the lid did not move when meeting with the obstacle, then the inertial movement of the nut insert towards the lid causes a similar sequence of firing chain operation. If for some reason the percussion mechanism did not work, then after 14-19 seconds the powder composition of the self-liquidator finishes burning and the beam of fire through the gear train causes an explosion of the detonator cap.
Action fuse VMG-P
Unlike VMG-K, when it hits an obstacle, the sting pierces the igniter cap, which triggers an expelling charge that throws a grenade to a height of 0.5-1.5 m, after which the beam of fire of the powder moderator causes an explosion of the A30-T detonator cap and the main explosive charge.
Characteristics of 40-mm rounds of the active type VOG-25
Caliber 40 mm
Weapon type GP-25, GP-30, GP-34, RG-6
The initial speed of the grenade 76 m / s
Grenade weight 250 g
BB weight 48 g
Charge length 103 mm
Grenade self-destruction time not less than 14 s
In the Soviet armed forces, the packaging of cartridges is standardly carried out according to the system: box-zinc-pack. The main element of capping is a hermetically sealed metal box (colloquially - "cartridge zinc"). In ancient times, boxes made of galvanized iron (soldered) were really used, but they were abandoned in the 1960s in favor of iron welded-sunset, painted with protective enamel (index 57-I-004 and 57-I-004Sh, were used until the middle of 1970 -s), and then integrally stamped. Modern cartridge zinc (index 57-I-0461) - stamped from mild steel and enamelled. Dimensions: 357x156x103 mm, weight 0.9 kg. This type of box is the same for all calibers of small arms, and the number of cartridges they can hold is different. Americans call such cartridge boxes "spam cans" ("tin cans").
Opened box, zinc and a pack of cartridges 7.62-mm arr. 1943 with PS bullets manufactured by the Klimovsky stamping plant
Wooden boxes act as transport and storage (external) containers. Two zinc are placed in each box. Cartridge boxes are made from sawn softwood, except for the bottom and lid, which are made from fibreboard. The lid of the box is hinged and is attached to its body with metal fittings. In addition, the box has two wooden carrying handles. Until 1979, cartridge boxes were made entirely, including the bottom and lid, of wood with the lid fastened to the box body with screws.
The dimensions of a standard cartridge box (index 57-I-005) are 488x350x163 mm, the weight of an empty box varies between 3.6-4.0 kg. The difference between the gross and net weight of the box (the total weight of the contained cartridges) is approximately 7 kg. In addition to the metal boxes themselves with cartridges, a special knife is also placed in the box to open them. In boxes with a lid made of fiberboard, the knife is placed in a slot on the inside of the end wall of the box, and with a lid made of wood - in the corresponding slot on the inside of the lid. The sealed cartridge box is tightly covered (tied) with steel packing tape. The ends of the tape are connected mechanically with sealing or welding. 
1 - boxes of cartridges 7.62 mm arr. 1943 with PS bullets, old version with a plank cover;
2 - box of 7.62 mm rifle cartridges with LPS bullets, old, used until 1990, version of the marking on the lid (gross weight and transport sign - the number "2" in a triangle);
3 - a box of cartridges 5.45 PS (7N6);
4 - a box of cartridges 7.62 PS (7N1), export marking on the lid.
The inner containers are cardboard boxes or paper bags with cartridges (in the text of the article they will also be referred to as "packs", not to be confused with a "pack", that is, a "pack loading clip", for a Garand rifle), placed in a metal box. For the convenience of extraction from zinc, a fabric tape is laid under one of the packs of each row, the ends of which are brought to the surface. Cartridge container marking consists of inscriptions, signs and colored distinctive stripes; applied by stenciling, stamping, typography or a special marking machine.
Now specifically for calibers. Military ammunition 7.62x54 mm R is packed in packs with a capacity of 20 rounds. For a long time, unpainted cardboard was used as the material for packs. Later, rolls of waxed paper, stapled on the sides, also began to be used. 22 packs are placed in zinc, a total of 440 rounds. 
Opening zinc with cartridges using the included knife
Packs of cartridges 7.62 PS (7N1), cardboard (left) and paper
Cartridges of increased accuracy 7.62 PS (7N1) have a distinctive inscription "Sniper" on the packaging, and cartridges 7.62 SNB (7N14) - the inscription "Sniper" and a black stripe. Cartridges 7.62 LPS (57-N-223S) until 1977 were marked with a white stripe on the cartridge container, the bullet nose was also painted white, but later this color marking was no longer used.
For ammunition for weapons of 7.62x39 mm caliber, designated in the Soviet army as "7.62 mm cartridge of the 1943 model", two standard capping options appear in the manuals on small arms: for the Kalashnikov assault rifle - in cardboard boxes of 20 pieces, 33 boxes in zinc, 660 rounds in total; and for the SKS carbine - in clips of 10 rounds, two equipped clips are placed in a flat oblong cardboard box, 23 boxes in zinc, a total of 460 rounds.
Old galvanized cartridge box from under 7.62-mm cartridges mod. 1943 with BZ bullets. Above - close-up of the markings on the lid of the box
Metal boxes with cartridges of caliber 7.62x39 mm:
1 - armor-piercing 7.62 BP; 2 - with a subsonic bullet 7.62 US;
3, 4 - commercial with a jacketed bullet with a lead core.
However, the actual zinc capacity of this caliber ammunition varies. The most common figures are: 700 shell 7.62 PS gzh, 720 armor-piercing 7.62 BP and 640 commercial sports and hunting cartridges. The explanation seems to lie in the fact that the capacity of zinc (660 rounds) given in the NSD for the Kalashnikov assault rifle is correct for the old galvanized box (57-Ya-002) and the corresponding cardboard pack of the 1950s sample, while the dimensions of the modern container have become somewhat different. The distinctive marking of armor-piercing cartridges 7.62 BP (7N23) is a black stripe on the package, and cartridges 7.62 US with a subsonic bullet (57-N-231U) are a black and green stripe. Abbreviation "L.C.B." on export zinc with sporting and hunting cartridges stands for "lead core bullet" (a bullet with a lead core), since bullets with a steel core are prohibited for hunting in some jurisdictions, and in some even for use by civilians.
Packing cartridges 7.62-mm sample 1943in clips for SKS carbine
Cardboard packs for 20 cartridges 7.62x39 mm of different years of production. Left - 1950s (for galvanized metal box with a capacity of 660 rounds), center and right - 1960s and 1970/80s (for stamped metal boxes with a capacity of 700 rounds)
The packing capacity of 5.45x39 mm cartridges was immediately made a multiple of the capacity of a standard automatic magazine - 30 rounds. Cartridges were originally packaged in cardboard boxes, but switched to a simplified stapled paper wrapper in the mid-1970s. 36 packs with a total of 1080 cartridges fit into a metal box. An unusual feature is the deviation from the standard marking scheme for small ammunition that took place for this caliber until 1982: on all types of cartridge containers, the designation of the type of cartridge case was applied before the designation of the type of bullet, and not after. For example, for cartridges 5.45 PS (7N6) - "5.45 gs PS"; starting in 1982, the marking began to be written in the standard order "5.45 PS gs".
1 - a box of live ammunition caliber 9x18 mm PM;
2 - boxes of commercial cartridges of the same caliber;
3 - a box of commercial cartridges 9x18 mm PM with an expansive bullet manufactured by the Novosibirsk Cartridge Plant;
4 - a box of live ammunition 9x19 mm PS (7N21).
Cartridges for the 9x18 mm Makarov pistol are packed in cardboard boxes of 16 rounds, which corresponds to the capacity of two pistol magazines. 80 such boxes are placed in zinc, for a total of 1260 rounds. A rather unusual oblong shape has a box of 9x19 mm PS (7N21) cartridges intended for the Yarygin pistol. It holds 34 cartridges, 32 such boxes fit into zinc.
Summary data on the capacity of cartridge containers of various calibers are given in table 1:
Table 1
Notes:
1. The data are valid for cartridge containers of the 1950s model.
2. Each zinc with 7.62 US cartridges contains three spare obturators for the muffler.
3. Modern capping of cartridges 7.62x39 mm PS.
4. In the game, due to the lack of photos of such a pack, a 20-cartridge box of 7.62x39 mm BP cartridges is implemented.
5. LCB - sports and hunting cartridge with a bullet with a lead core.
Marking on the packaging with cartridges is applied: on a wooden box - on the lid and on one side wall; on a metal box - on the lid; on a moisture-proof package on the longitudinal sides of the package; on a cardboard box or paper bag - on one side of the box or bag. An example of marking on a zinc cover (cartridges 7.62 LPS):
7.62 LPS gzh (7.62 - cartridge caliber, LPS - light bullet with a steel core, GZh - bimetallic sleeve), L54-77-188 (L54 - batch number, 77 - batch production year, 188 - plant number (Novosibirsk low-voltage equipment plant)), VT92/77S (BT - brand of gunpowder (rifle gunpowder for a heavy bullet); 92 - gunpowder batch, 77 - gunpowder production year, C - gunpowder manufacturer), 440 pcs. - the number of cartridges in zinc.
The marking on the side of the box contains similar elements. The cover indicates the gross weight, the conditional number of the dangerous goods in an equilateral triangle (for most types of cartridges these are the numbers "450", for cartridges with an MDZ bullet - "263", for blanks - "471") and the classification code of the transport hazard of the cargo "1.4 S " (code "1.4" according to GOST 19433-88 means "Explosive materials that do not pose a significant hazard"). The danger sign, characteristic of foreign cartridge containers, on an orange paper label is used only for 12.7- and 14.5-mm cartridges with an MDZ bullet. Until 1990, the stencil on the lid of the box had a slightly different look - the gross weight and the transport sign indicating the category of cargo were indicated (the number "2" in the triangle).
Marking on the lid of the cartridge box
For grenade launcher shots to an underbarrel grenade launcher, packaging elements that are similar, but differ in design and size, are used. Three welded-sunset metal boxes of 28 VOG-25 rounds in each are placed in a wooden box. In boxes, shots are stacked in cylindrical paper sleeves in a horizontal position with alternating directions. The density of stacking shots is provided by cardboard pads. In total, there are 84 shots in the box. VOG-25P grenade launcher shots in the same box fit 35 pieces with a vertical arrangement of shots laid with cardboard; accordingly, a total of 105 shots in a box are obtained. One of the three boxes is tied with twine for easy removal from the box. Inserts are placed inside each box to ensure the safety of the shots during transportation and opening the boxes with a knife. A box opener wrapped in paper is placed in a box. The lid of the box is attached to the body on two hinges and fixed with two locks.
For automatic cartridges of 7.62x39 mm and 5.45x39 mm calibers with lacquered steel cases, along with metal boxes, there is an alternative packaging method - in special moisture-proof bags, 120 pieces each. These bags are made of waterproof paper coated on the outside with a polyethylene terephthalate (lavsan) film, and on the inside, facing the cartridges, coated with a paraffin-polyisobutylene mixture. Inside the moisture-proof package, cartridge packs are laid in one or two rows, laid along the perimeter of the package with a lining of wrapping paper. The sealing of the moisture-proof package is carried out by welding the seams and bending the valves. In this case, the same wooden box is used as a transport and storage container, the inner surfaces of which are laid with waterproof paper coated on both sides or on one side with a paraffin-polyisobutylene mixture.
120-round 5.45x39mm moisture-proof packs
And for the AK-74, in order to facilitate and speed up the process of equipping the store, steel clips (the so-called "combs") for 15 rounds were introduced with an attached adapter - an accelerator loader ("spoon"). The solution was "peeped" by the Americans, who have been using similar loading accelerators for the M14 and M16 for many years. Later, similar kits appeared for weapons of other calibers, including for the VSS silent shooting complex - 10 rounds of 9x39 mm caliber in a clip.
Kit for quick reloading of AK-74 magazines and packs of 5.45x39 mm cartridges
Ammunition caliber 9x39 mm:
1 - equipped magazine and a clip of armor-piercing cartridges with an adapter - an accelerator of loading;
2 - boxes with SP-5 cartridges;
3 - boxes with cartridges SP-5 (far left), SP-6 and PAB-9.
A few words about expiration dates. According to the norms of the former USSR, the period of storage of ammunition for small arms in the central warehouses - in zinc and capping - is 20 years, after which they are distributed among departments for destruction (shot). Law enforcement agencies store 10 years, after which the cartridges must be replaced with new ones, and these are shot. Unpacked cartridges are stored for 4 years, after which they are subject to destruction (shoot). I don’t presume to judge whether and how strictly these standards have always been observed and how things are now, but I think that even with an optimistic approach, the period within which the cartridge, although it no longer fully corresponds in its parameters to a new product, is, with some reservations, suitable for use, should not exceed 40 years. However, on the weapons forums there are stories about firing from a TT pistol with cartridges of 1938 release and about the amazing accuracy of 1963 rifle cartridges that cannot be compared with modern commercial products. Alexey Potapov in the book "The Art of the Sniper" calls the shelf life of galvanized rifle cartridges 70-80 years real, without losing combat qualities. On the other hand, there are many cases of injuries to shooters and damage to weapons due to the use of expired ammunition ... With regard to cartridges for hunting rifled weapons, GOST 23128-78 establishes an expiration date (within which the cartridges retain all the parameters established by GOST and the probability of trouble-free operation not less than 99.7%) in sealed packaging - 10 years, in non-hermetic packaging - 2 years.
Combining a grenade and a propellant charge in a sleeve.
The grenade is muzzle-loading, that is, it is fed into the barrel through the muzzle. Outside the case there are ready-made rifling, which give the grenade a rotational movement (the grenade is stabilized in flight due to rotation) during its movement along the bore. When fired, the cartridge case flies out of the barrel after the grenade. Inside the case (between the explosive charge and the case) there is a grid of cardboard. It serves for rational fragmentation of the hull into fragments, which leads to an increase in the fragmentation action.
grenade fuse VMG-K is head, percussion, instantaneous and inertial action, semi-safety type with pyrotechnic long-range cocking and self-liquidator. It does not allow the use of a grenade at short distances and indoors, as it is cocked after a shot at a distance of 10-20 m from the shooter.
Comparison with the American counterpart
Tests in 1978 showed the advantage of the GP-25 grenade launcher with a VOG-25 shot compared to the 40-mm M203 grenade launcher on the M16A1 rifle with an M-406 shot. The shots were compared by shooting at the area where the lying growth targets were located. The frequency of hitting targets on the tactical field from a VOG-25 grenade explosion is 3-4 times higher.
performance characteristics
- Caliber 40 mm
- Weapon type GP-25, GP-30, RG-6
- The initial speed of the grenade 76 m / s
- Grenade weight 250 g
- BB weight 48 g
- Charge length 103 mm
- Grenade self-destruction time not less than 14 s
Modifications
VOG-25IN
Practical shot with a grenade in inert equipment. GRAU index - 7P17I.
VOG-25P
Shot with a "bouncing" fragmentation grenade. GRAU index - 7P24, code "Foundling".
Modernized from VOG-25 fragmentation grenade. When it hits an obstacle, it jumps and explodes in the air. From this property it is nicknamed "jumping". "Jumping" is provided by an expelling charge and a pyrotechnic retarder. These parts are in the head fuse. It is widely used in the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher.
Description:
- Caliber 40 mm
- Initial speed 76 m/s
- Weight 275 g
- Mass of explosives 42 g
- Length 125 mm
- Arming distance 10 - 40 m
- Self-liquidation time not less than 14 s
- Average tear height 75 cm
see also
- VOG-17
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See what the "VOG-25 grenade launcher shot" is in other dictionaries:
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shot grenade launcher VOG-25- 1974 40 mm shot VOG 25 (7P17) in its design is unitary and is made according to the "sleeveless" scheme, i.e. the propellant charge, together with the means of ignition, is located in the bottom of the grenade body. Such a shot at ... ... Military Encyclopedia
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Grenade launcher shot- ammunition consisting of a grenade, a propellant charge and an ignition agent. The grenade consists of a body, an explosive charge and a fuse (fuse). The defeat is inflicted by fragments, a shock wave or a cumulative jet. Separate according to purpose ... ... Military Encyclopedia
shot grenade MSHV- MSHV (multi-purpose assault shot) is designed to fire at lightly armored, quickly maneuverable ground and air targets (tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, self-propelled artillery mounts and low-flying helicopters) ... Military Encyclopedia
Caliber: 40 mm
Length: GP-25: 320mm, GP-30: 276mm
Weight without grenade: GP-25: 1.5kg, GP-30: 1.3kg
Effective firing range: 150 m
The development of an underbarrel grenade launcher to expand the combat capabilities of infantry was launched in the USSR in 1975. The development was based on the experience gained in the second half of the 1960s when creating experimental underbarrel grenade launchers on the Iskra theme. In 1978, a new grenade launcher under the designation GP-25 was put into service for installation on AKM, AKMS, AK-74, AK-74S assault rifles. In 1989, an improved GP-30 grenade launcher was adopted, which has a smaller mass and a simpler design.
By device GP-25 and GP-30- single-shot, loaded from the muzzle, with a rifled barrel. The trigger mechanism is self-cocking, with a manual fuse and automatic blocking of the shot in case of improper installation on the machine.
Grenades for GP-25 and GP-30 have an original "sleeveless" design with an integral chamber for a propellant charge, "flying away" from the barrel along with the grenade. This solution eliminates the action to remove the spent cartridge case from the reload cycle, which significantly increases the practical rate of fire of these grenade launchers compared to most Western counterparts.
On the body of the grenade is a leading belt with ready-made rifling. The main drawback of the GP-25 and GP-30 grenade launchers compared to Western counterparts is the limited choice of ammunition - there are only three types of grenades - conventional fragmentation VOG-25 and "jumping" VOG-25P and a "non-lethal" Gvozd tear gas grenade.
Jumping grenade VOG-25P differs in that after hitting the ground at the target, it does not explode immediately, but with the help of a special charge it "jumps" up about half a meter and explodes in the air, providing a more optimal coverage of the target (infantry in a trench or shelter) with fragments. The radius of the effective zone of destruction by fragments for VOG-25 grenades is approximately 5 meters. The effective firing range is 100-150 meters.
Modifications
VOG-25IN
Index GRAU - 7P17I. A practical shot with a grenade in inert equipment, used for training and shooting training.
VUS-25
VUS-25(index 7P45U) - training grenade, used for training and education.
VOG-25P
Index GRAU - 7P24, code "Foundling". A shot with a "bouncing" fragmentation grenade, equipped with a VGM-P fuse with an expelling charge and a pyrotechnic retarder. Adopted in 1979.
When it hits an obstacle, the shot jumps and explodes in the air at a height of about 1.5 meters. In comparison with the VOG-25, the "bouncing" ammunition allows you to more effectively hit the enemy lying and in a trench or trench.
Description:
Caliber: 40 mm
Starting speed: 76 m/s
Weight: 275 g
Mass of explosives: 42 g
Length: 125 mm
Arming distance: 10 - 40 m
Self-liquidation time: at least 14 s
Average break height: 75 cm
"Nail"
40 mm shot "Nail" with a gas grenade - designed to create a gas cloud with an intolerable-permissible concentration of an irritant (irritant) CS. It is in service with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
VDG-40
40-mm shot with a VDG-40 "Nagar" smoke grenade - used to set up a smoke screen.
VOG-25M
A modernized version of the VOG-25 shot with a fragmentation grenade, partially unified with the VOG-25PM. Developed in the early 2000s.
VOG-25PM
An upgraded version of the VOG-25P shot with a "bouncing" fragmentation grenade, partially unified with the VOG-25M. Developed in the early 2000s.
ASZ-40
40-mm acoustic shot ASZ-40 "Svirel". A non-lethal flash and sound grenade serves to temporarily suppress the psycho-volitional stability of the enemy's manpower. It is in service with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
Currently, there is a trend towards further expansion of ammunition types. So, at the international weapons exhibition "Defendory-2006" new types of grenades were presented:
GDM-40- smoke grenade shot
VGS-40-1- shot with signal grenade (red fire)
VGS-40-2- shot with signal grenade (green fire)
VG-40I- shot with a lighting grenade
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