Deposit Policy of Commercial Banks

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the deposit policy of commercial banks, including its aspects such as tools and implementation steps. Particular attention is paid to the pricing models in the market of deposit services of credit institutions, assessing the quality of the bank's deposit base.

N. I. Valenseva, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Honored Science Worker of the Russian Federation

Deposit policy is an integral part of the general banking policy, determines the strategy and tactics of the credit organization in the implementation of its deposit.

Bank Deposit Policy Tools

Deposit policies include: types of deposits offered by the Bank; Types of deposit rates, pricing model.

It is known that at present, more than 30 diverse types of deposits are used in overseas countries. Moreover, each of them has its own characteristics that most fully meet the needs of customers in the Bank's maintenance and increase in cash, servicing the current activities of legal entities and the savings of individuals.

For servicing savings and accumulations of legal entities and individuals, foreign banks offer different types of savings and urgent deposits, including pension savings accounts, interest-free urgent deposits, deposit certificates, index deposit certificates, brokerage deposits, deposit certificates in foreign currency, etc.

In Russia, in recent years, there has also been a tendency to develop various types of deposit services for individuals and legal entities. The number of deposit products is currently achieved for legal entities - 13, individuals - 14, and within these products a variety of deposit services are allocated. In recent years, the integrated banking services of clients with providing specific individual services has been developed.

Tools of deposit policy also include rates of various types that are divided into fixed and floating (depending

on the degree of stability); Real and nominal (depending on whether the rates of inflation and deductions to reserves are taken into account); Positive and negative (depending on the degree of resource protection and impairment interest); Contracting rates and rates of the interbank market (depending on the sector of the deposit market).

The deposit policy tool is the pricing model. In foreign countries, six price formation models are distinguished in relation to deposit services provided:

■ Establishment of interest rates on the cost method (cost deposit operation) plus profit;

■ the establishment of prices for deposits for market penetration, which means the proposal of high interest rates (above the market level) or low commission fees in order to attract a larger number of new customers;

■ pricing based on market interest rates;

■ Establishment of interest on deposits

depending on the minimum balance on the deposit account or "conditional" pricing, i.e., depending on the condition for compliance with the minimum level of the deposit;

■ Pricing aimed at attracting U1R clients, i.e. clients with higher incomes, since their service strategy is based on consolidating each of them a separate employee of the Bank and the provision of individual services, including deposit;

■ Pricing, depending on the number and quality of services provided to customers (multifactor pricing method),

11B I banking I №2 2013

i.e. customers who are enjoyed by several services are encouraged by lower tariffs, which ensures the reinforcement of the best customers.

Russian commercial banks use different pricing models. For large banks, the first model (cost plus profit) is available, for medium and minor banks, this model is costly, they are guided mainly to the market model.

Pricing models

The model of the formation of the price of deposit resources attracted by the Bank, which is based on the costs of the bank, is available mainly to large banks due to their competitiveness, the system-forming role in the market of deposit services and labor-intensity of techniques that implement this model. Typically, it is precisely large banks that determine the level of deposit interest.

The costs of the bank for attracted deposit resources are made up of interest expenses and cost of the deposit operation. The factors affecting the cost level include the structure of the bank, the technology of deposit operation, the budget of the Bank's divisions participating in the attraction of resources, the cost of time in each subdivision. For the calculation of costs, two methods can be used: the traditional one, where the main unit in the process technology is the Bank's division, and the method of functional and cost analysis, when a workplace is acting as the main technological unit.

At the heart of each of the varieties of the market model, market deposit interest rates are based on past periods. The forecast magnitude of the market interest is influenced by the change in supply and demand for deposit services, the expected inflation rates and the calculation rate to the mandatory reserves.

Inflation rates refer to external factors affecting the interest rate level. It is known that lenders lose in connection with further impairment of money, and borrowers won. Therefore, inflation increases demand for money capital, and banks try their income from impairment. In this regard, the American economist I. Fisher first proposed to take into account the inflation rates and introduced the concept of real interest rates in relation to long-term rates and money market rates, in contrast to the nominal rates. Fishera Formula:

PSR \u003d PSN - and, (1)

where the PSR is a real rate; PSN - nominal bid; And - inflation rates.

This approach I. Fisher has developed in the works of domestic economists. In particular, A. Yu. Simanovsky proposed index the nominal rate on inflation, which protects against impairment not only income, but also the capital of the lender:

P / ya \u003d / 0 x (1 + y1) + y1 \u003d / 0 + / 0y1 + y1, (2)

where P / Yoe is a positive rate that maintains the cost of redistributed resources (credit) and the income of the creditor; / 0 - Dooinflying Market Interest rate; I1 - inflation rates.

A positive interest rate (P / Ye) on deposit resources, calculated on the basis of the forecast change in its average market level and the expected increase in inflation, may be based on a basic interest on deposit resources. The factors limiting the actions of banks to increase the deposit interest to the level of the positive rate should also be taken into account.

The first factor is social in nature, simultaneously affecting the interests of the Bank to strengthen its stability. This factor lies in the ratio of profitability of production and profitability of depositance investments. When manufacturers become more profitable to place funds into deposits instead of embedding them in production, entrepreneurs from business will begin. High inflation rates at first provoke an increase in production profitability, which, with other things being equal, first leads to an increase in the "deposit" profitability and an increase in the cost of a loan, and then-in the cost increase in costs - to a decrease in the production profitability itself, due to the bank will start losing customers, Related to the real sector of the economy.

Another factor affecting the restriction of the level of a positive bet is related to the fact that the depositor and the bank have different sources of profit formation. If the investor has such a source in the deposit, then the Bank has a percentage margin. The percentage margin, which is the difference between the interest received and paid, should be sufficient to cover the overall costs of an indispensable nature and profit formation.

A sufficient percentage margin is known to be determined based on scheduled or reporting data:

Races. Society. - races.% - Dam. Other.

hS + RENT., (3)

where MD is a sufficient percentage margin; Races. Society. -schebank costs for financial plan or

ABSTRACT. This article Presents Russian Commercial Bank Deposit Policy Analysis, Including Its Tools and Implementation Stages. We Focus Our Particular Attention on Banking Deposit Market Pricing Models and Banking Deposit Base Quality Assessment.

Keywords. Deposit, Deposit Policy, Deposit Business, Banking Deposit Resources.

Keywords. Deposit, Deposit Policy, Bank Deposit, Bank Deposit Resources.

№2 2013 I banking 117 1

his execution; Races% - planned or actual interest expenses; Doh. Other. - other planned or actual non-interest-free stable income from services and property; Rent. - the required level of profitability; Hell is the average balance in the period of working assets (income applications).

A sufficient percentage margin is adjusted when planning for the expected increase in inflation rates.

The growth of deposit rates to the level of positive rates can reduce the actual percentage margin compared with its sufficient level. In addition, another external factor is influenced by another external factor on the deviation of the actual interest margin - state regulation in the form of a norm of mandatory reserves. Certificate of obligatory reserves lead to the rise in price of deposit resources, reduce the spread and margin.

Thus, the real percentage margin (spread) for the bank will be a difference between a positive rate on deposits, adjusted to the norm of mandatory reserves (PCR), and the interest rate on loan operations (CC). This difference should not be lower than sufficient margin (MD):

UK - RSH\u003e MD. (four)

The internal factors affecting the level of deposit interest can be attributed to the market conquest strategy. During the rapid growth of markets, the Bank can choose a pricing strategy for market penetration. This strategy is to propose interest rates on deposits above the market level and low banking tariffs.

Ureov Ekaterina Vladimirovna - 2013

  • Transfer pricing mechanism as a tool for analyzing assets and liabilities of a commercial bank

    Ministry of Education of the Moscow Region

    Moscow State Regional University

    Course work in athletics

    Development of the rapid and power capabilities of children 12-14 years

    Performed student

    faculty of physical culture

    Medvedeva A.A.

    Moscow

    Introduction

    Chapter 1

    1.1 Anatomy-physiological features of adolescents aged 12-14 years

    1.2 Methods of selection of children for jogging

    1.3 Means for the development of speed-force qualities

        Methods for the development of speed-force qualities

    Introduction

    Speed \u200b\u200bcharacteristics of movements and actions are combined under the general name - rapidity. In the most common features, it characterizes the ability of a person to perform actions into a minimum time cut for these conditions. In accordance with modern ideas, the speed is understood as a specific human motor ability to emergency motor reactions and high speed of movements performed in the absence of significant external resistance, complex coordination of muscles, and not requiring large energy. 3, p. 15.

    The physiological mechanism of the manifestation of the speed associated primarily with the speed characteristics of nerve processes is represented as a multifunctional property of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral neuromuscular apparatus (NMMA).

    There are several elementary forms of speed:

    1. The speed of simple and complex motor reactions.

    2. The speed of a single movement.

    3. The speed of complex (multi-lane) movement associated with changing the position of the body in space or switching from one action to another.

    4. The frequency of unloaded movements.

    The allocated forms of the manifestation of speed relatively independent of each other and are poorly related to the level of general physical fitness. At the same time, in everyday life, sports and professional activities related to the performance of physical exertion, people have to face other forms of speed. This, first, all, movement of a person with a maximum speed, various jumping exercises associated with the movement of their own body, martial arts and sports games.

    Such, complex, forms of manifestation of speed, is customary to be called high-speed abilities of a person.

    For their effective manifestation, besides the high characteristics of nerve processes, another sufficient level of high-speed-powering of the propulsion system, the power of the anaerobic energy supply systems, as well as the perfection of the motor skills of the exercises and actions.

    The main means of developing various forms of speed are exercises that require rapid motor reactions, high speed and frequency of movement.

    However, with all that all such exercises are aimed at developing speed, there are still significant methodical features of the development of various forms.

    Purpose of the study- Examine funds and methods for the development of high-speed-force abilities in children 12-14 years.
    Tasks
    1. Consider the anatomical and physiological features of young athlets
    2. Consider the method of selecting children for jogging.
    3. Examine funds and methods for the development of high-speed-force abilities in children of senior school age.
    An object - Speed-powerful abilities of high school students.
    Subject of research - means and methods of development of high-speed-force abilities.

    1.1 Anatomy-physiological features of adolescents aged 12-14 years

    In working with young athletes, it is necessary to take into account the anatomy-physiological features of the children's body, which are important indicators.

    In the process of growth and development, the body's body in all functional systems undergoes constant changes. For example, the maximum growth rates in girls in 11-12 years old, boys - at 13-14 years old, 6-7 cm. in year. The maximum increase in muscle mass is celebrated in girls aged 13, boys are 14 years old, 4-5 kg. in year. By 14-15 years, the development of the muscular-bound apparatus reaches a high level, and the tissue differentiation in skeletal muscles is not very different from the muscles of adults 1.

    Simultaneously with an increase in muscle mass, there is an intensive increase in muscle strength, which, however, is somewhat lagging behind the growth of body weight. The activities of the genital and endocrine glands are activated, puberty begins, which makes its adjustments to the processes of growth and development. However, in a functionality, the child's body is not yet steady, often exposed to diseases and breakdowns.

    At the age of 11-15 years, a clearer ratio of various parts of the body is determined, the type of physique, which are determined in the choice of sports specialization. Scientists have proven that the type of physique and sports achievements are closely interrelated. At the same time, the type of physique is genetically determined and almost does not affect training 2.

    Not only the size of the body (growth and weight), but also the ratio of body parts, constitutional peculiarities of adolescents affect sports achievements in athletics.

    Observed over the past 120-150 years in different countries accelerating growth rates, an increase in total body sizes from generation to generation, the early duration of the offensive of puberty was called "Acceleration". The term "acceleration" means an increase in total body sizes, accelerating the growth rates and development from representatives of the simultial population compared to the peers of the previous generation.

    The increase in long and tapping sizes is currently noted during the period of perinatal development, and children are born with larger body sizes. Especially noticeable increase in the length and mass of the body of children is celebrated in some European countries and the United States. .

    An epochal shift and acceleration imposed a print and a modern sport. Accelerating the growth and development of children and adolescents, as well as an increase in body sizes in children and adults, there are also athletes. Modern football players, swimmers, fencers, volleyball players have a greater value of total body sizes than representatives of these sports at the beginning of the 20th century.

    The current system of training athletes currently regulates the age of specialized sessions by individual sports, the scale and number of competitions during the year. The programs for the Sports Schools are given the timing of the start of classes with certain types of sports, in accordance with which, from 7 years, it is permitted by curious skating, swimming, tennis, sports and rhythmic gymnastics; with 8 years-acrobatics, jumping into water, slalom; with 9 years biathlon, ski bore, sailing, ski jumps with springboard, wrestling; from 10 years old - academic rowing, volleyball, basketball, fencing, speed skating; from 11 years - hockey, modern pentathlon, athletics; with 12 years in boxing, cycling; With 13 years-weightlifting. Some coaches in figure skating, sports and rhythmic gymnastics, swimming, skating sports in our country and abroad are considered appropriate on the basis of their own experience to start training 2-3 years earlier than the above time.

    Initial sports specialization and in-depth training in most sports in modern young athletes, as a rule, accounts for age of 13-15 years, in which most boys and girls have sexual maturation.

    Young athletes 12-16 years old and the same passport age with various pace of puberty are significantly distinguished by the level of morphofunctional indicators, and the nature of physical development, the level of manifestation of motor qualities (speed, endurance, force), features of adaptive blood circulation reactions and external respiration in them More related to individual peculiarities of growth and development than with passport age. However, the existing age borders and the stages of the preparation of young athletes (preliminary training, primary sports specialization, in-depth training in favorite sport, sports improvement) are based on only passport age and do not take into account individual characteristics of growth and development 3.

    Unfortunately, the phenomenon of acceleration does not always have a positive effect on the functional possibilities of the children's body. There is evidence that the accelerated children, the growth and development of the heart is lagging behind the body growth. As a result, its normal activity is violated, the prerequisites for the development of cardiovascular diseases are created ..

    One of the questions, especially those engaged in the researchers now, is what the role of acceleration in the evolution of man? Hereditary or unearthly changes underlie this phenomenon? It is still difficult to answer these questions, but the scientific data of recent years witness is to reduce the tempo of the physical development of children and adolescents. Obviously, the acceleration is a temporary phenomenon, and it is associated with the modification variability of a number of morphofunctional signs of shifts of the external respiratory function.

    Thus, in non-harmonically accelerated children, the features of the functional lability of the homeostatic background and the homeostatic regulation of adaptive cardiorespiratory reactions prevail. Therefore, early specialized training with the use of significant physical exercise in terms of the volume and intensity of physical exertion without taking into account the individual characteristics of the body can lead to pre-metology, and often pathological disorders (overralling, overvoltage, heart rate disorders, etc.). Obviously, when examining young athletes, it is necessary to take into account the above manifestations of individual accelerations before making an opinion on the state of health, the peculiarities of the physical development and the functionality of the studied persons. The doctor should not forget that the individuals are not always with a high somatometric indicators are ahead of peers in growth and development rates, and individuals with low rates are lagging behind. Therefore, in the program of sports and medical research athletes it is advisable to include an assessment of biological age. In modern sport, it empirically developed two directions in the preparation of young athletes. One of them pursues the goal of achieving high sports results at an early age, the second achievement of high sports results during the morphofunctional maturity of an athlete. Trainers - Representatives of the first direction use the methodology of forced training of young athletes, focusing the direction of the training process on the predominant improvement of the "leading system" or qualities. Obviously, this trend arose due to the fact that in each population there are children who are leading peers at the rate of growth and the development of the body and, in connection with this, capable of transferring significant training loads in terms of volume and intensity and show high sports results. The second approach to the high-grade athletes system is based on the ideas that the achievement of higher results requires the voltage of all physical and mental forces and cannot be planned to previously achieve morphofunctional maturity. From the standpoint of sports medicine, such a sports training system is more justified, in which the nature planning, volume and intensity of physical exertion is based on the morphofunctional maturity of livelihood systems. Although, with a similar approach to a high-end athlete training system, more time is spent on the preliminary and initial stages of sports specialization and high results are planned at an older age, but it provides the basic principle of a system of physical education, according to which physical culture and sports should first be used for Proper physical development, health promotion and increasing the functionality of children and adolescents.

    Individual features of the growth and development of young athletes, taking into account the influence of acceleration on modern sports, must be taken into account during the selection. Selection of children capable of health for 6-10 years to endure significant psycho-emotional and physical exertion and in 15-19 years old to show sports results of the international class, is an important element of the modern system for educating the sports reserve of higher achievements 4. It is known that this system provides for the allocation of the main stages and the directivity of the training process, the choice of funds and methods of technical, functional and psychological training depending on the age, gender and individual morphofunctional features of children and adolescents. Therefore, medical recommendations in the selection of children to educate the sports reserve must have a description of the tasks and content of each stage of a multi-year training process.

    1.2. Methodology and organization of the selection of young light letters

    A special role in the long-term training system and the achievement of high sports indicators belongs to the selection of talented young athletes. The selection and sports orientation of young athletes are a complex and long-term pro-process, in which four stages can be distinguished:

    1. In the initial training group of the SDUSS;

    2. Recalling practicing groups: Spring-Tereg

    3. Collection for in-depth specialization

    4. Collection in national teams.

    In sports practice, the following criteria for boron were allocated

    Morphofunctional indicators (anthropometric signs, biological age);

      level of physical qualities: forces, speed, endurance, dexterity, flexibility;

      coordination abilities and ability to trainee complex exercises;

      the level of moral and volitional (psychological) qualities;

      state of leading functional systems;

      genetic factors.

    Each of the four highlighted steps has its own particular and duration.

    For classes in initial training groups, everyone is usually invited. Experience and research have shown that the selection of initial training groups, as well as after one year of occupation, does not give the necessary effect. Only after 1.5-2 years of versatile preliminary preparation, the effectiveness of the selection is increasing. Therefore, the selection for intensity in the training groups of the SDUSS and the initial sub-cooking of young athletes is a single, interconnection process.

    At the same time, to 10- 12 for years, it is successfully possible to predict such important to achieve success in certain types of athletics, as growth and its physical performance. In the subsequent puberty, the correlation between these indicators is significantly reduced, and the prediction efficiency falls.

    Throughout the initial preparation stage, 2-4 times a year, tests should be carried out (running by 60, 800 m, triple leap from the place, throwing the kernel from below with two hands, throwing a hockey ball), despite the fact that some expert athletes It is estimated that already on the 1st or 2nd year of study can be accurately focused on certain types of athletics.

    Other control exercises can be used selectively.

    Young athletes from the first months of classes in a sports school take part in competitions. However, it should be borne in mind that the definition of prospects dealing only on sports results at this age is not effective enough. Statistical data show that only 10% of 13-year-old young athletes, which were included in the lists of the best of this age, remain

    to the junior period in the lists of leading athletes.

    Therefore, it is precisely the amount of tests of tests, physical development, technical preparedness and other factors should be decisive in determining the prospects of young athletes.

    In the 13-14 years, the initial preparation stage ends, and the main task now the coach and the teacher is to determine the prospects for athletes to occupy a sprint run. Analysis of tests of tests and control exercises that characterize versatile physical fitness, sports results engaged in all-around and in certain species, the growth rate of them in 2-3 years, the dynamics of morphological and functional indicators - all this together with the intuition of the coach helps to correctly determine the direction of the initial specialization of young Attrets. At this stage, some common tests that are connected with a selected group of species of athletics are preserved, and specific control exercises are included. By the end of the stage, the teacher's coach should accurately determine the future narrow specialization of the athlette. The main criteria are sports results, the inclination of the athlete itself, as well as the dynamics of the growth of indicators in tests, control exercises and morphological and functional indicators of athletes. By the end of the stage, the most promising practitioners perform a standing ratio of 1 sports discharge.

    The young athletes of 13-17 years have good indicators of the growth rate of the results in control exercises characterizing the level of physical qualities, the following are considered: the spinning jogging (30-60 m) - 9.5-11.0%, in jump tests - 18.0- 20.0, in thrifty tests - 22.5-25.0, in power (bench lying, squatting) -45.0-47.0, in 300 m - 10.5-

    At the stage of sports improvement, the selection of promising athletes continues for further improvement in certain types of athletics in order to recruit national teams of sports schools, cities and regions. At the last stage of selection in national teams

    republics, DPOs, departments, the countries in the main criteria are the level of sports results of young athlets, as well as their stability, while the higher the rank of the national team, the higher the sports requirements. At the highest stages of selection, new criteria associated with the high moral qualities of Russian athletes are added to the national teams of Russia.

    One of the additional indicators of the selection of young sprinters for specialization in a separate distance at the stage of sports improvement may be an indicator of force-sensitivity of nerve processes, or a gradient of power (V. D. Nebylitsyn, 1966). This indicator, expressed in relative units, is equal to the runners on Loo, 200 m, 110, 100 m C / b 1.2-1.6, for runners by 400 m and 400 m C / b - 1.5-1, 7.

    To determine the prospects for short distances, a biopsy method can be used to determine the ratio of fast (anaerobic), slow (aerobic) and intermediate muscle fibers. If the muscular tissue of the runner consists of two-thirds of certain fibers, then such an athlete is considered promising to improve the corresponding distances.

    1.3 Means for the development of speed-force qualities

    The speed of the speed is the exercises are performed with the limit or velocity velocity (i.e., approximate exercises). They can be divided into three main groups -

    1. Exercises aimerically affecting individual components of high-speed abilities: a) the speed of the reaction; b) the speed of performing individual movements; c) improving the frequency of movements; d) improvement of start speed; e) high-speed endurance; e) the speed of completing consecutive motion actions as a whole (for example, running, swimming, ball values).
    2. Exercises of a comprehensive (versatile) impact on all the main components of high-speed abilities (for example, sports and mobile games, relay, martial arts, etc.).
    3. Exercises of conjugate effects: a) on high-speed and all other abilities (high-speed and power, high-speed and coordination, high-speed and endurance); b) at speed skills and improving motor actions (in running, swimming, sports games, etc.).
    In sports practice, the same exercises are used to develop the speed of individual movements as for the development of explosion, but without burdening or with such burdens, which does not reduce the speed of movement. In addition, exercises are used that are performed with incomplete scope, with a maximum speed and with a sharp stopping of movements, as well as starts and spurs.
    For the development of frequency of movements, the cyclic exercises under conditions contributing to the increase in the tempo of the movement; Running under the slope of the motorcycle, with a traction device;
    fast movements of legs and hands performed at a high pace due to the reduction in the scope, and then gradually his uve-looping; Exercises for increasing the speed of relaxation of the climbing groups after their reduction.
    For the development of high-speed capabilities in their complex youth, three groups of exercises are used: exercises that are used to develop the speed of the reaction; exercise, which are used to develop the speed of individual movements, including for movement on various short segments (from 10 to 100 m); Exercises characterized by an explosion character.

    Exercises:

    1. Running with acceleration by 50-80 m in 3/4 intensity from the maximum.

    2. Running with acceleration and jogging by inertia (60-80 m).

    3. Running with a high thigh lifting and swearing leggings on the track (30-40 m).

    4. Semyon running with a swap layout (30-40 m).

    5. Running with the relief of the hip back and throwing the shin (40-50 m).

    6. Running with jumping steps (30-60 m).

    7. Hands with hands (like movements during running).

    8. Perform 3, 4 and 6th exercises at an elevated pace and go to normal running.

    9. Running at 10-20 meters from the start: 3-5 times x 2-4 series (Start and starting running time).

    10. Running at 40-60 meters from the start: 3-4 times x 1-2 series with arbitrary rest until the restoration of breathing (the transition from the starting run to the run along the distance and the development of maximum speed).

    11. Running "With the go" for 20-30 m from a 20-30 meter runway: 2-4 times x 1-2 series with rest before recovery (the development of maximum running speed).

    12. Repeated running of 80-100 m at a speed of 90-95% of the limit: 5-6 times x 1-2 series after 3-8 minutes of rest before recovery (development of high-speed endurance and improving the running technique).

    13. Repeated running and 150-200 m at a speed of 85-95% of the limit: 2-4 times with rest 8-12 minutes (improvement of technology and high-speed endurance).

    14. Repeated run 150-300 m extremely quickly: 1-2 times with rest before recovery (improvement of high-speed endurance and running techniques).

    1.4 Methods for the development of speed-force abilities

      methods of strictly regulated exercise;

      competitive method;

      game method.

    Methods of strictly regulated exerciseinclude: a) methods of re-performing actions with installation to maximum speed; b) Methods for variation (alternating) exercises with varying speed and accelerations according to a given program in specially created conditions.

    When using the method of variative exercise, the alternate movement with high intensity (for 4-5 s) and movement with less intensity - first increase the speed, then support it and slow down the speed. This is repeated several times in a row.

    Competitive methodit is used in the form of various training competitions (axes, relay, handides - equalizing competitions) and final competitions. The effectiveness of this method is very high, since athletes of various preparedness are given the opportunity to fight with each other on equal bases, with an emotional lift, showing maximum volitional efforts.

    Game methodit provides for a variety of exercises with the highest possible speed in the conditions of mobile and sports games. In this case, the exercises are performed very emotionally, without excessive stresses. In addition, this method provides a wide variability of actions that prevent the formation of a "high-speed barrier".

    1 Akrusenko A.V., Larina O.A., Qataryan T.V. Psychology of development and age psychology. Lecture notes. - M.: Eksmo, 2008. - with. 57.

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    Abstract \u003e\u003e Astronomydevelopment of communications, quality of training ... of the Russian Federation the problem of uneven development infrastructure, as well as distribution ... 2.3. Main directions development Internet trading electronic goods ...

    • Development of the speed and security qualities of children of 14 -15 years of athletics in the middle distance running.

    The relevance of the chosen topic: the development of high-speed qualities is an integral part of the training of runners' athletes, so it is necessary to develop and improve them in their training activities. To do this, it is necessary to properly build your training process and select the most effective exercises, alternate the load and rest. Therefore, in research work, we will develop a technique for the development of high-speed-security qualities.

    Objective: Development of techniques for the development of speed-safety qualities. Object of research: students engaged in mild athletics. Research: Development of high-speed qualities. Research Hypothesis: We assume if you apply the developed methodology, this will improve the indicators of the speed-safety qualities of children of middle school age specializing in athletics.

    Research tasks: 1. The study of methodical literature. 2. Creating a technique for the development of high-speed qualities. 3. Testing the technique 4. Analyzing the results of the study. Research methods: 1. Pedagogical experiment. 2. Mathematics and statistical methods of processing results (used to process research results).

    Research Program: At the first stage, there is an analysis of existing techniques, in order to choose the most suitable for this age group; At the second stage, the development of experimental techniques using promising scientific developments should be developed; In the third stage, the group is tested to the use of the developed technique and after the applied technique; At the fourth stage, there is a comparison of the data obtained as a result of the experiment, it is concluded about the effectiveness of the developed technique.

    The organization and methodology of the experiment: the experiment is carried out in the conditions of the educational process of the Verkhneigrinsk rural main educational school. Pupils will participate in 14 -15 years, studying in 8 -9 classes. Before the start of the experiment, the disciples will perform a complex of ocher and other educational exercises for the preparation of the body. To determine and evaluate the level of physical fitness, the use of control tests is assumed:

    Control tests: Shuttle run 10 x10 2. Jumping out of full crop. 3. Acceleration from various initial positions 1.

    Conclusion: Thus, with the systematic use of these exercises, students should have an increase in high-speed-security qualities. To do this, alternate exercises on the load, the nature of the execution, alternate rest, you need to know the features of all students, the level of their physical fitness. With the correct construction of the course of the lesson or training session, the exercises will have a beneficial effect on the body and physical qualities.

    1

    An analysis of the monitoring of the physical fitness of schoolchildren of Omsk. The level of physical fitness of boys was estimated on tests characterizing endurance - running 1000 m high-speed-powerful qualities - Long jump; Power abilities - pull-up at the crossbar; High-speed qualities - run 30 m. Based on monitoring research, low indicators of the development of individual physical qualities are recorded: fast and strength. Endurance and speed-force qualities correspond to the optimal level. Reducing the natural motor activity of modern schoolchildren requires the impact on the body of systematic exercise. Recommendations are given on the formation of the basic physical qualities of schoolchildren: endurance, speed-force, speed and strength. The results of the study can be used in medical and prophylactic and educational institutions for the prevention and recovery of the younger generation.

    monitoring

    pupils

    physical preparedness

    1. Order on the All-Russian Children's Dispensarization in 2002 of March 15, 2002 No. 81.

    2. Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2010 No. 06-499 "On the monitoring of the physical development of students."

    3. Babin AV Methodology for assessing the physical fitness of schoolchildren / A.V. Babin // Izvestia Russian State Pedagogical University. A.M. Hercin. - 2006. - № 23 (t. 5). - P. 109-112.

    4. Vasilkov A.A. Theory and methods of physical education. - Rostov N / D.: Publishing House "Phoenix", 2008. - 384 p.

    5. Davydov V.Yu. Methodology for the all-Russian monitoring of physical development and physical fitness of secondary school students, custody, universities: studies. Allowance / V.Yu. Davydov, A.I. Shamardin. - Volgograd: Publishing House of Volga, 2004. - 92c.

    6. Denisov A.P. Reproductive behavior of adolescence girls /a. Babenko, A.P. Denisov, V.I. Spins // Sociology of medicine. - 2008. - № 2. - P. 39-42.

    7. Lyapin V.A. Physical health of children of the large industrial center of the petrochemical industry // Siberia-East. - 2003. - № 4. - P. 18-20.

    8. Lyapin V.A. Losses of the health of the children's population in the industrial center of the West Siberian region / V.A. Lyapin, N.V. Dedyulina // Sibir-East. - 2005. - № 5 (89). - P. 13-15.

    9. Lyapin V.A. Complex assessment of loss of children's health and adolescents on the territory of a large industrial center: studies. benefit. - Omsk: Mr. Healthcare. Omsk. Obl., 2007. - 96 p.

    10. Methodical instructions on the organization of a systematic approach in determining the regional laws of the formation of schoolchildren's health, an assessment of the manageability of risk factors and reserves for saving children and adolescents / I.I. Novikova, G.A. Oglaznev. - Omsk: Territorial Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Omsk Region, Omsk State Academy, 2006. - 25c.

    11. Mikheeva E.V. Hygienic assessment of the conditions for the cultivation and training of schoolchildren in modern conditions / E.V. Mikheeva, I.I. Novikova, Yu.V. Erofeev // Population Health and Habitat. - 2011. - № 9. - P. 37-40.

    12. Obukhov S.M. Dynamics of the physical fitness of students in the implementation of various options for the sports of physical education in secondary school / S.M. Obukhov, N.B. Obukhova, A.S. Snigire // Theory and Practice of Physical Culture. - 2011. - № 8. - P. 89-91.

    13. Turbinskaya V.V. Methodical approaches to the development of management decisions to reduce the risk of public health against environmental pollution / V.V. Turbinsky, A.S. Kriga, Yu.V. Erofeev, I.I. Novikova // Health of the population and habitat: every month. Inform. Byullyuthen. - 2010. - № 7 (208). - P. 18-21.

    14. Tyapin A.N. The state of physical fitness and health of students in the institutions of education of Moscow / A.N. Tyapin, Yu.P. Bubble. - M., 1998. - 56 p.

    15. Yurachko O.V. Physical development and physical preparedness in the monitoring system of the state of physical health of schoolchildren // Fundamental studies. - 2012. - № 3. - P. 324-327.

    One of the main tasks solved in the process of physical education is to ensure the optimal development of physical qualities inherent in the child. Physical qualities are subject to common biological patterns of age, gender and largely depend on natural data and health status, and the development of basic motor abilities is most favorable at school age.

    The level of physical fitness objectively reflects the morphofunctional state of the body that determines the potential of health. Indicators of physical fitness of modern schoolchildren reaches only 60% of the results of their peers of the beginning of the 20th century.

    The process of physical training should be aimed at mastering the necessary volume of physical fitness, which is aimed at the formation of health and healthy lifestyle. With daily mental load, most schoolchildren, in addition to mandatory physical education classes, do not appeal to physical exercises, and among schoolchildren, only every seventh child has an optimal level of motor activity. Reducing the motor activity of modern schoolchildren is adversely affected by the indicators of physical fitness, health, as well as on the functionality of the entire body.

    Purpose of the study - Analysis of the results of monitoring physical fitness in boys 12-14 years.

    Materials and research methods

    The basis for the assessment of the physical fitness of schoolchildren has a combined percentage of multi-level gradation in one percent increments.

    The level of physical fitness of schoolchildren can be presented in the form of a qualitative assessment, percentage and points (Table 1).

    Table 1

    Structure of the estimated scale of physical fitness (A.N. Tyapin, 1998)

    Test test results having a basic (optimal) level (test is made) correspond to the range from 70 to 100% of the proper age-sex level of the child (5; 4; 3 points). The deficit of the development of the qualities (the test is not completed) is in the range of 69% and below (2; 1 point).

    In accordance with Order No. 81 for mass studies of the physical fitness of schoolchildren 7-17 years old are proposed to use the following test exercises for boys: pulling up on the crossbar and jump in length.

    Within the framework of the Federal Target Program for the Development of Education 2009, the implementation of the project "Improving the activities of educational institutions to preserve and strengthen the health of students and the development of physical culture" involves the implementation of the all-Russian monitoring of the physical development of students, which includes four tests for assessing the physical fitness of schoolchildren: pull-up at the crossbar ; Long jump; Running 30 m; Running 1000 m.

    The monitoring of physical fitness was carried out in general educational institutions of the city of Omsk in 2007, 2010-2014 at the end of each academic year (May). The study involved 456 boys 12-14 years old. The following tests were used to study the motor qualities: 30 m (speed) running; Long jump (speed-powerful abilities); Running 1000 meters (endurance); Tightening at the crossbar (power).

    Mathematical processing of the actual material was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel package.

    Results of research and discussion

    Analysis of the results of the level of physical fitness in the test "Running 30 m" in the boys indicates that the proportion of children with a basic (optimal) level was minimal in 2007 (25.5%), maximum - in 2013-2014. (52 and 54.5%, respectively). From 2010 to 2014 there is an increase in the share of children with an optimal level of quality development. The maximum share of the deficit of the development of high-speed quality ("test was not completed") was observed in 2007 (74.6%), and by 2014 the share of such children decreased by 1.6 times (Fig. 1).

    The greatest proportion of children who fulfilled the endurance test was evaluating the "above average" and "high" (4-5 points). During the period under study, the proportion of children who received "average" estimates (3 points) increased by 2.1 times, which influenced the growth of indicators of the basic level of development of this quality by 2014 compared with 2007 1.3 times. In 2012, 2013, 2014, the proportion of the baseline indicators was 83.3; 87.3; 89.3%, respectively. The average baseline rate over the period under study was 82.1%. The greatest share of the deficit of the development of endurance was noted in 2007 and amounted to 29.0%, in 2014 the share of children with a deficit decreased by 2.7 times and amounted to 10.7% (Fig. 2).

    Fig. 1. Distribution of boys 12-14 years in terms of physical fitness on the test "Running 30 meters" (%)

    Fig. 2. Distribution of boys 12-14 years in terms of physical fitness in the test "Running 1000 meters" (%)

    Fig. 3. Distribution of boys 12-14 years in terms of physical fitness on the test "Long jump" (%)

    When studying high-speed and powerful qualities, boys have a tendency to improve the indicators in the length of the length. In 2007, the basic level of physical fitness was 44.1%, the predominant was the "average" estimates (28.8%). In 2014, the share of such children increased 3.2 times due to the ratings of "high" and "above average." The average baseline rate for the study period was 70.6%. The number of children with the basic level by 2014 increased 1.8 times and amounted to 79.4%. The greatest share of children with a shortage of development of high-speed-security qualities was noted in 2007 and was 55.9%. In 2014, the proportion of children who did not perform the test decreased by 2.7 times and amounted to 20.6% (Fig. 3).

    Fig. 4. Distribution of boys 12-14 years in terms of physical fitness in test "Tightening from Visa on a high crossbar" (%)

    For the period of study, it was noted that the number of children with a deficit of the development of the quality of force prevailed over having an optimal level of physical fitness (88.1% in 2007 and 66.7% in 2014). Accordingly, the share of children with "middle" and "above average" levels was also low (11.9 and 33.3%) (Fig. 4).

    Certain age periods of the child's life have favorable periods for the impact on the development of the physical qualities and the functionality of the body. These are sensitive periods that play a special role in the development of the level of physical fitness of the child.

    The favorable period of the development of force in boys and young men is considered age from 13-14 to 17-18 years; High-speed abilities - from 7 to 11 years. Rising speed indicators continues from 11 to 14-15 years. The most intense increase in endurance is observed from 14 to 20 years.

    Graduations of physical fitness of students in the implementation of tests that assess physical qualities are characterized by the following criteria: due age-sex - result 100%; Basic level (good development) - result 70-100%; Risk group (bad development) - the result below 69%. In children with a level of preparedness below 69% of the turn, deviations in a state of health can be revealed: excess body weight, chronic and hereditary diseases, frequent cold and respiratory infections during the year, reduced motor activity, difficulties in the development of educational material.

    Conclusion

    The results of this study indicate the insufficiency of the development of high-speed and powerful qualities in the boys 12-14 years. Endurance and speed-force qualities are better and correspond to the optimal level.

    In the conditions of reducing the natural motor activity of schoolchildren, the most effective impact on the body should be considered systematic exercise classes. Since the speed of movements depends on the strength of the muscles, it is advisable to develop these qualities in parallel. To form high-speed qualities, you can recommend re-performing movements with a conscious and strong desire to perform them with record speed. For the development of force, a variety of exercises are recommended, whose characteristic feature of which is the presence of burdens. The development of shared endurance is carried out using a multiple repetition of exercises, walking on skis, swimming, moving games. Speed-powerful qualities are formed using station sessions, moving games and relay with high-speed exercises. For an effective organization of physical education training, a joint work of medical and pedagogical workers is needed, which will control the level of health and physical fitness of children at every stage of training.

    Reviewers:

    Lyapin V.A., D.M., Professor, Head of the Department "Anatomy, Physiology, Sports Medicine and Hygiene", Siberian State University of Physical Culture and Sports, Omsk;

    Novikova I.I., D.M., Professor, Head of the Department for Supervision of the Conditions of Education, Training and Powering of the Population, Department of Rospotrebnadzor in the Omsk Region, Omsk.

    Bibliographic reference

    Flaska I.P., Salova Yu.P., Podrüchkin A.N., Pavlov G.K. Characteristics of the physical fitness of schoolchildren 12-14 years // Fundamental studies. - 2015. - № 1-9. - P. 1950-1954;
    URL: http://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/View?id\u003d38459 (Date of handling: 05.01.2020). We bring to your attention the magazines publishing in the publishing house "Academy of Natural Science"

    Football player characteristic 15 years

    At the age of 15 years, the growth of the body is sharply accelerated, some discoordination of movements appears, rather fast fatigue, impassable, new character traits appear.
    The length of the body increases by 5-6 cm per year, but some are already slowed down (and some ends at all) and explicitly prevails in width. The higher the level of physical development and the degree of puberty at this age, the higher the blood pressure. It is often noted systolic pressure more than 140 mm Hg. Art. - The so-called youth hypertension. In most cases, it is transient.
    The average pulse rate in the area of \u200b\u200b70 beats per minute. When working it increases to 170-190 ° C. min.
    During this period there is an energetic growth of bone tissue.

    By 14-15, the microstructure of the main elements of the supporting apparatus is still not stabilized, as the processes of ossification and anatomical rearrangement of bone tissue continues.
    Each muscle or muscle group develops in its own way. Muscles of the legs are the highest growth rates, the muscles of the hands have the highest growth rates. The growth of the muscles of the extensors is ahead of the development of the muscles of flexors.
    By 13-15 years, maximum flexibility is achieved.
    Functional muscle ripening is completed and the rapid development of muscle strength begins.
    At the age of 14-15 years there are favorable conditions for the use of special means of increasing muscle strength.
    The greatest increase in the forces of individual muscles occurs between 14 to 17 years. At the age of 15, the average rate of 90-100 kg.
    This period is marked by the highest margin of speed in young football players, however, due to insufficient endurance, they still cannot support it at a high level and are fattened much faster and more than the football players of other age groups.
    In the period of 12-15 years, it is possible to increase the speed of the runner mainly as a result of the development of speed-force qualities and muscle strength.
    Therefore, it is necessary to develop speed-force training. In training sections, give exercises to the development of weak muscle groups (oblique muscles of the torso, discharge, leading, flexors, extensors - both the upper shoulder belts and the rear surface of the thigh).
    The significance of high-speed-force training at this age is increasing against martial arts, high-speed training to increase the efficiency of shocks on the goal. The greatest significance of high-speed and speed-power training is found to achieve a finite competitive effect.
    Of course, the greatest attention must be paid to raising the speed, which is most difficult to upbringing.
    To avoid premature stabilization of the achieved level of speed development, it is necessary, along with a repeated run at the maximum speed, the high-speed-power and actually strength exercises are widely used.
    It is worth noting that there is no reliable relationship between individual manifestations of the speed. So high speed of movement can be combined with a slow motion motor reaction.
    The decline in endurance indicators in a speed running in 14-15 summer adolescence is regarded as a consequence of the organism's restructuring during puberty.
    In 14-15 years, it is necessary to pay the most attention to the planning of training loads.
    Intensity, the volume of training loads is planned to be planned, mainly, the level of physical performance, and not weight and growth indicators.
    At the age of 14-15 years, there is a decrease in the rate of efficiency. This is due to the fact that all organism systems are growing. Changes in the cardiac system, respiratory and other systems occur. There is a lag behind the functional systems from morphological (growth, weight).
    Although the method of conducting physical training with football players of 15 years of age is gradually approaching the technique of working with adult football players, and the musculoskeletal system in a teenager in 15-17 years has enough strengthened in order to withstand intense and long-term exercise, nevertheless, it is very important Within a reasonable diversion of the conditions, means and methods of training so that the body of the young football player has learned to differentiate (distinguish) the slightest changes in conditions and respond to them with the finest adaptation.
    Intensive loads should be used carefully and with sufficient pauses for recovery.
    This is very important because there is a manifestation of increased fatigue from physical exertion, significant emotional excitability, irritability. A slowdown growth rate of sports mastery is possible.
    After the load of maximum and high power aged from 14 to 18 years, in most cases there is an elongation of the latent time of the motor reaction.
    Site notes that from 12 to 17 years old, even nonspecific loads, as a result of natural growth and development of the young man, are accompanied by an improvement in sports results.
    After targeted long loads, it is necessary to arrange sufficiently long breaks for recovery.
    This is especially true of the periods after the game, since the young football players in 14-16 years have functional shifts are largely expressed than after training.
    For the development and consolidation of motor functions, there are optimal periods.
    It is in these periods that certain functions, skills and skills are most easily fixed. If these deadlines are missed, then the skills are formed with difficulty, by longer exercises, and have low strength.
    Just this is one of these periods when there is a favorable opportunity to improve motor abilities, which during this period are developing most intensively.
    In 14-15 years, the age development of coordination of movements is mainly ends.
    Analyzers, including motor and vestibular achieve a high level of development at this age, therefore, quite perfect dynamic stereotypes can be formed in the motor analyzer.
    The ability to differentiate the ability to differentiate. The functions of the motor analyzer are significantly improved: the muscular feeling is aggravated and the movement control is specified.
    Motor skills are beginning to be automated, which is very important to study the technique and tactics of the game, since the consciousness of the players is exempt from constant control over the execution of techniques and switches to solving tactical tasks.
    There is a favorable opportunity to improve motor abilities, which during this period develop especially intensively.
    Systematic exercises need to help improve the maximum frequency of movements and perform a lot of exercises with a response to a moving object.
    During this period, the speed and frequency of movements, the ability to maintain their maximum pace reaches close to the limit values.
    All forms of speed and coordination of motion should be improved.
    Since 14 years, the growth rate of technical equipment is increasing, and at the age of 15 years, the skills of the "leading" side are better and faster.
    By the way, the role of midfielders should be put forward to young men who have not only technical and tactical skills, but also high physical performance.
    The attackers are combined with the modes of aerobic and anaerobic work, requiring and developing high-speed endurance.
    A significant difference in physical development and sports mastery of individual guys causes some of them to the elders or vice versa to the younger groups.
    It should be borne in mind that young men, not wanting to become small, often ignore the draft painstaking work to consolidate any technical reception or tactical combination.
    In this regard, special attention should be paid to the education of the initiative and independence, since they already have to solve a variety of issues of collective tactics in a complex setting of competitive struggle.
    The players require greater activity, independence, higher responsibility for the fulfillment of the tasks of the coach, for improving the effectiveness of the workout itself.
    Training requires both large self-dedication coaches, he must become a partner of each player. Players should feel that the coach is personally engaged in him and understands all his capabilities. None of the players should not get lost in the group or be out of sight of the coach. You must teach players to understand that
    The success of the team depends on his personal shape, the success of the team.
    The coach must know and skillfully direct in the right side of their relationship and motivation, warning the definitions for the young people underestimating the complexity of the goal. At the same time, the coach is obliged to warn caused by the strong enthusiasm of the reassessment of the objective value of the goal, which will sometimes lead to excessive emotion and premature spending forces.

    general physical preparation

    1. Start, remote and actually speed ..
    The test is carried out at a distance of 30 m. Three stopwathers are used to fix time. After the start, two stopwatch are turned on at the same time. One records the breaking time of the segment of 15 m (starting speed), the other - the running time of the entire segment of 30 m. (Speed). The third stopwatch turns on at the time of running the mark of 15 m and turns off on the finish of 30 m (remote speed). Two attempts.
    2. Ranged power.
    175% of its own weight - bad
    175-190% of its own weight - satisfactory,
    190-210% of its own weight well,
    \u003e 210% of their own weight perfectly.
    It is measured in the usual way. One attempt.
    3. Total endurance.
    It is measured by the test "12-minute run" on the treadmill of the stadium. From the start, the stopwatch turns on and after 12 minutes the running it turns off. The distance that the football player ran during this time is recorded. One attempt.
    4. High-speed endurance.
    The time of the shuttle run is measured. 7x50 m.
    One attempt.
    5. Speed-power preparedness.
    Two tests are used: "Jump in length with a push of two legs" and "jump up the push of two legs."
    Length is measured in the usual way. Three attempts.
    Jump up the push of two legs can be measured in different ways.
    One of them involves the use of the so-called "Abalakova tape".
    In a friend, you can use a basketball shield or a conventional wall, on which markings are applied at some height.
    The subject, standing on the leg socks and lifting an elongated hand up, makes the first mark on the markup. Then, bouncing as much as possible with the wave of the hands, makes the second mark. The difference between the two results allows you to determine the height of jumping.
    You can use a special hopping platform with electronic equipment. Three attempts.

    Special Piz. preparation

    Keeping a ball of 30 m.
    Maintaining a ball of 30 m from a high start; Making at least three touches of the ball, the last on the segment from 20 to 30 meters. Two attempts.
    2. Locking the ball (field players) ..
    I.P. Throwing is located 3-4 steps from the lifting line with the ball in the hands. At the time of execution of 2-3s
    Steps to the lines of throwing, hands with a ball, somewhat bent in the elbow joints, climb up the head. The torso deflects backwards.
    In the last step before throwing, the legs are slightly flexed in the knee joints, the body weight is transferred to the rear of the resting leg (when the step is position).
    The working phase - a throw, begins to join the player's movement and the energetic straightening of the legs, torso, hand and ends with a brush force towards throwing. The final phase can be a drop in arms with shock-absorbing movement during the support on the surface of the field. There are three attempts. The best is counted.
    3. Locking the ball (goalkeeper).
    I.P. The goalkeeper is 5-6 steps from the lifting line with the ball in the hands. At the time of the last steps before throwing, the shuffles are performed. A hand with a ball bends in the elbow joint, it is thrown over the side back and rises to the head level (or somewhat higher). In the direction of Zamha, he turns somewhat and leans the body. The weight of the body is transferred to the back of a nearby slightly bent foot.
    The working phase is a thrifty movement, it begins to fit the player's movement and the straightening of the leg with the turn of the body toward the throw. Then the active extension of the arms and the movement of it towards the throw, which ends with an energetic guide movement of hand brushes. Body weight is transferred to standing leg. There are three attempts. The best is counted.
    4. Blow to the range (for all players).
    Punch is performed from running on a fixed ball.
    (For two attempts to the right and left leg. The amount of the range of the ball of the ball in meters and characterizes the quality of the exercise.)
    5. Punch at the distance from the hands (for goalkeepers)
    The blow from the hands is performed from 3-4 steps of running.
    The best attempt is read.
    6. Assessment of dexterity of goalkeepers A
    1. Turn the jump on 360, break three racks and finish.
    Time:
    4.0-4.1 \u003d 1 point, 4.2-4.3 \u003d 0.9, 4.4-4.5 \u003d 0.8, etc.
    2. Quickly run four segments of 18 m (shuttle jogging) with the touch of the finish and starting line.
    Time:
    13.6-13.7 \u003d 1 point, 13.8-13.9 \u003d 0.9, 14.0-14.1 \u003d 0.8, etc. Two attempts.
    7. Dexterity in movements (for goalkeepers).
    From "A" from a high start, MX quickly to the rack "b" with the right steps with the right (left) sideways.
    Then, from the "b" face forward, having completed three racks (and the first on the right side), turn over the resistant "in" back to "A" and finish.
    Stopwatch include at the beginning of the movement. Two attempts, in the offset - the best.

    Technical training

    1. Keeping, stroke racks, hitting the goal.
    On the length of the straight 30m from the center of the penalty area towards the field, 4 racks are 1 m one from another.
    According to the signal, maintaining to the first rack, the stroke of three racks and when exiting from under the fourth, without entering the penalty area, hitting the goal.
    The racks are placed similarly and strikes from one and another flank.
    For maintenance, stroke and blows on the goal is given two attempts from each direction.
    Time is fixed at the beginning of the movement from the start and until the intersection of the ball is the goal line.
    It is necessary to take into account the following circumstance that when the rack is working on the right side, the ball is under the right foot, and when the runoff will be burned on the left side, the ball is under the left foot.
    2. Blow to accuracy.
    From the line of the penalty area to the gate, divided into three parts make their way to 5 shots with the right and left foot. The ball must cross the goal line through the air.
    For getting into extreme zones (2 m), 3 points are charged, in the middle - 2 points, in the bar - 1 point. Summates the total amount of glasses with each foot.
    3. Dexterity in handling the ball ..
    Throw the ball over your head, perform three strikes head (juggling), to send the ball to the foot and, without giving it to the site, 4 times in a row to throw it up (juggling) alternately with one and the other foot, and send the ball into handball into the fifth blow Gate, located at a distance of 10-12 m from the start line.
    For each blow on the ball head, the foot is accrued - 0.1 points, for entering the ball into the gate - 0.3 points. If the exercise is not fully implemented, the properly executed part is estimated.
    Three attempts are given, the best is taken into account.
    4. Broke the ball head.
    1. Standing on the spot, without a jump, the punch of the mid-forehead ball, flying towards.
    I.P. Two players stand five meters from each other, one in the hands of the ball. The partner gently pins the ball to another to hit his head.
    The technique of hitting the ball head is evaluated. 3 attempts are given.
    2. Standing on the spot, in the jump, hit the middle of his forehead ball, flying towards. I.P. The same as in # 1. The technique of impact is evaluated. 3 attempts are given.
    3. Punching of the middle of the forehead in motion without jumping the ball flying towards meeting.
    I.P. Two players are worth ten meters from each other, one in the hands of the ball. A player without a ball begins to move forward, and when he will make 5-6 steps, the partner throws him a ball for hitting his head.
    The equipment exit to the ball and the shock technique is evaluated. There are three attempts.
    4. Punching of the middle of the forehead in motion, in the jump, flying towards the ball.
    I.P. The same as in # 3. It is estimated by the equipment of the exit to the ball and the shock technique head. 3 attempts are given
    5. Technical training of goalkeepers ..
    1. I.P. The goalkeeper occupies a position in the gate. In and m from the gate, opposite the side racks are two players with balls.
    Players alternately send the balls of the bottom to the lower corners of the gate. Goalkeepers, moving, the balls catch the ball.
    Three attempts are done in each direction. The technique of movement, throws, fishing and landing are evaluated.
    2. I.P. The goalkeeper occupies a position in the gate. 11 m from the gate line, opposite the side racks there are two players with balls.
    Players alternately throw the ball in the direction of the gate close to the side stands at the middle height (1 m above the field surface) and at the height of the goalkeeper growth.
    Goalkeeper, moving, catches balls in the throw. It is given on 4 attempts to each side, on diverty balls (2 throw on the ball on medium height, 2 throw on the ball at the height of the goalkeeper growth).

    Other types of training

    1. Memory rating. Good memory creates prerequisites for clarifying the structure, meaning of a movement, actions. Special attention should be paid to the motor memory.
    2. Evaluation of the ability to probabilistic forecasting.
    During the competition, footballers have to continuously solve all new and new tasks, as a rule, in conditions of time deficiency.
    The attacker athlete must predict the events in responding to an integral response to the opponent in response to an unexpectedly, in some cases "illogical" for this situation in order to obtain at least a moment the advantage in position, in time and implement this advantage.
    Defense field players and goalkeepers are obliged to predict the events due to the fact that the attackers have an advantage over time.
    To assess this ability, the observations of the coach behind the football players in the process of moving games and competitions are very important.
    As a result of all tests, everyone can dial MX 1 point. The number of points scored characterizes the level of this ability. Periodically repeated tests make it possible to judge the pace of development of the ability of each football player.
    3. Study of the ability to assess the situation, choose the most optimal ways to solve tactical tasks. (method of expert assessment by a group of trainers)
    The speed of comprehension of the situation, draw up a program of action, the effectiveness of its implementation largely determine the intellectual, technical and tactical possibilities and the prospects of an athlete.
    Signs that characterize the ability of football players to quickly assess the situation and act in accordance with it:
    1. When organizing and completing attacking actions:
    - fast, timely output to finishing the ball, bounced off the goalkeeper after hitting the goal (finishing the ball);
    - timely and reasonable offer to the partner to play "into the wall";
    - timely "game in the wall" (the partner is ready, the zone behind the opponents is open);
    - the goals of the ball will be a quick partner in the free zone behind the back of the tired or slow enemy;
    - Not a strong, but accurate blow to the goal, which are inappropriately abandoned by the goalkeeper.
    2. When switching the command from attack to defense:
    - After losing the ball - the immediate struggle with the opponent with the opportunity to perform a sharp pass behind the back to the attacking players;
    - In cases where the partner attacks the rival in an uncomfortable position, is a tight guardianship of the opponent's nearest rival ball in order to deprive the opportunity to use the help of a team partner's assistance.
    3. When implementing defensive actions:
    - interceptions of the ball addressed to the player's ward (here is brightly manifested and an important ability to predict the course of the enemy);
    - Timely prudence of goalkeeper in moments when he can lose the ball or make a mistake (playing on the wet smooth field, with strong wind, etc.);
    - Timely and reasonable position change with the purpose of passing partner.
    4. When moving from defense to the attack:
    - after selection of the ball - immediately long pass behind the back of a group of rivals who participated in the attack, and an active change of position (the choice of a promising position for developed, attacks);
    - Fast "opening" to get a ball from a partner who mastered the ball, but in an uncomfortable position (attack rivals).
    Accepting the pronounced ability to distinguish between the situation and act in accordance with it in 0.25 points, weakly manifested ability for 0.15 points, we can assume that athletes who have developed abilities to evaluate the situation in the attack, defense, when moving from attack on defense and On the contrary, they will be characterized by an estimate of 1 point (0.25 + 0.25 + 0.25 + 0.25). Footballers who do not have a pronounced ability to comprehend the situation and make optimal solutions, will receive estimates from 0.6 to 0.9 points.
    Comparison of digital expressions of the abilities of football players to estimate the situation makes it possible to coaches not only to compare players at certain stages of preparation, but also to judge the pace of development of this ability for each athlete.
    4. Evaluation of the efficiency of thinking and ability to work it is advisable to use test-modeling situations. The football player shows alternately four gaming situations. It should extremely quickly find a reasonable solution to the tactical task for the player of the attacking team (owning and not owning the ball), as well as for the player defending the team.
    In a situation number 1, the footballer "A" should solve the task for the player who owns the ball.
    Much attention should be paid to the speed of the decisions.
    Any of 4 tasks can be solved in several ways. For the originally found, the most reasonable solution of each task is awarded 0.2 points, for a primitive solution of 0.1 points, for incorrect solutions, points are not accrued.
    To facilitate the evaluation of the efficiency of solving the tactical task, it is advisable to express the speed of the method of action in glasses: faster than 3 sec. \u003d 0.05 points; from 3.1 to 5 seconds. \u003d 0.025 points; from 5.1 to 7 seconds. \u003d 0.01 points; Over 7 seconds. \u003d 0 points.
    As a result of the tests, each football player can be obtained for solving 4 tasks from 1 to 0 points (MX for each task 0.25 points).
    Teens, showing creative attitude to solving game problems, deserve special attention.
    Calculate the ability to work is not easy. And yet, individual adolescents are manifested quite often during attacking actions: an attempt to play "into the wall", attract to this and other combinations of partners; The desire to apply under the "trimming" paces, "Candles", use "twisted" strikes, etc.
    5. Assessment of the ability to critically evaluate their activities.
    Progressive movement in football is unthinkable without conscious activities of young athletes, the ability of each of them to critically analyze and evaluate the results of exercises, tasks, installations.
    It is difficult to overestimate the importance of independent work of football players. The desire for self-improvement speaks of the serious intentions of the football player. Such teenagers have great potential in mastering the technique, the tactics of the game. To facilitate the identification and registration of these abilities, you can use a list of features. Each feature \u003d 0.1 points.
    1. Attentive, patient listening to critical comments.
    2. Request to the coach or comrades to express comments on the shortcomings in the performance of technical techniques.
    3. Attempting to clarify the correctness of the decisions (whether it was played in such a situation, if it was incorrect, then it would be necessary to act and why it is profitable, etc.).
    4. During the selection by the trainer, the game is a reasonable assessment of its own actions and interactions with partners.
    5. No intention to justify one or another act.
    6. Consultation with the coach on the selection of exercises that contribute to an increase in the level of physical fitness.
    7. Consultations with the coach, players of the team of masters on the feasibility of applying in an independent training of various exercises to increase the level of technical preparedness (active search for self-improvement paths).
    8. A visit to the workouts team of masters. Careful listening to coach comments to other football players. Attempts to understand the subtleties in the technique of performing complex techniques.
    9. Study of football literature and the use of acquired knowledge in the selection of means and methods of self-improvement.
    10. Frequent self-exercises with a ball and without it.
    6. Evaluation of the ability to differentiate efforts, spatio-temporal characteristics of movements.
    The effectiveness of the learning and improvement process in gaming activity is directly dependent on the level of football player's ability to differentiate efforts, spatial-temporal characteristics of movements. Faster will master with complex technical techniques, one who better distinguishes efforts, thinner differentiates them due to the space-time characteristics of moving objects, faster and more accurately makes amendments in motion, depending on the sensations obtained during the implementation of motor problems.
    When evaluating this ability, you can use exercises:
    1. Introduction to a fixed ball to send it consistently for a distance of 2s; 10; 25; 15, 2s m. The ball must fly through the air. 2 attempts.
    2. The same, but after the "shuttle run" (4x15 m). Two attempts.
    3. The same as in UPR. No. 1, but after five deep squats and dousedock (no more than 5 seconds). Two attempts.
    The amount of errors in three exercises (six attempts) characterizes the ability to distinguish between efforts and manage them.
    4. The strike of the inner side of the foot on the ball (from the places) to get into the rolling ball from the distance of 15 m. The signal for each strike is to roll the ball along the inclined plane, five attempts.
    5. The same, but after the dousedock (ten in a row, each no lower than 20 cm and the extremely fast running place - 5 seconds. 5 attempts are given. At the end of each attempt, a deviation is fixed from the target (moving ball) in meters.
    The amount of errors in five attempts and characterizes the ability of each participant. Trainers should especially be interested in the pace of development of this ability, as it characterizes the promising of young athletes in mastering football.
    Under the aggressiveness in football, it should be understood as an insistent aspiration of an athlete to take the goal of rivals by hitting the foot or head, to finishing the ball, bounced from the goalkeeper, completion of the attack after shooting gear, as well as attempts to immediately select the ball at the opponent near his gate to continue the attack, creating Acute, tensions in the game to achieve victory in each moment of the game. This quality must be encouraged in every way and develop.
    Aggressiveness has a direct impact on performance and largely determines it.
    Evaluating the high level of aggressiveness in 1 point, the average of 0.5 points, low in 0.1 point, coaches are able to assess the aggressiveness of each adolescent and compare them on this basis.