PINE
The pines want to grow up to the sky,
They want to sweep the sky with branches,
So that within a year
The weather was clear.
Pines are slender, tall trees with beautiful golden trunks. Lower branches on pines die off quickly, as nutrients in the lower parts of the trees are consumed faster than accumulated during photosynthesis. Therefore, the pine forest resembles a light temple with majestic columns. The inhabitants of Northern Europe have created many tales about this tree. In the East, they believe that pines ward off misfortune and bring happiness. Being in a pine forest is not only pleasant, but also useful. The air is always clean there. Pine trees secrete essential oils that kill germs.
All year round: both in winter and in summer, the pine tree remains green. The needles on it do not change all at once, but gradually: some needles fall off, new ones grow in their place. Pine needles are longer than spruce needles and are attached to the branch by two needles together.
Pines are light-loving plants, they love space and sun. You look at the pine forest and it seems that the pines are stretching upward, closer to the sun.
Pines can be found on sandy soils, in swamps, on rocks, among crevices. They are not capricious and can adapt to different conditions.

The roots of the pine are powerful, large. On sandy soils, the roots rush downward, extracting life-giving moisture. On swampy soils, they are compressed, fleeing excess moisture.
Pines are the oldest trees on our planet. Scotch pine, common in the middle lane, grows for 300-500 years. Long-lived pine trees are found in North America. In the highlands of California, spinous pine grows. In 1955, one of these pines was cut down. It turned out that its age is 4900 years. It is older than the Egyptian pyramid of Cheops. Now all the long-lived pines have been taken under state protection. Among them there are many trees over 4000 years old.
MYSTERY
I have a long needle
Than the tree.
I grow very straight
High.
If I'm not at the edge
Branches- only on the top of the head.
(Pine)
FOLK CHARACTERS
Lots of cones on pines and spruces- to a good year: and mugband rye - everything will come.
On a storm a pine, if you listen carefully, linksit’A oak- groans.

poplar
Poplar- everyone knows it-
Growth champion.
And get my head off
It's not easy for you at all,
Because I'm over the summer
I grow two meters.
T Opol is indeed one of the fastest growing trees in the middle lane. It reaches impressive sizes in a short time. Poplar grows by 1.5-2 meters per year. This tree is unpretentious and does not require special care.
Poplar is used more often than other trees for landscaping streets. Besides fast growth, it has other advantages. This majestic slender tree with a greenish-gray smooth trunk and dense crown fits perfectly into the landscape design, adorns city squares, squares, streets. In the city, the poplar plays the role of an orderly. It cleans the air from dust and soot and releases a large amount of oxygen into the atmosphere.
Let's take a closer look at the poplar leaves. Above they are shiny dark green, and below they are light with white pubescence. Such pubescent leaves are capable of trapping a significant amount of dust from the air. It settles in the hairs, and during heavy rainfall it is washed off and carried away by the flowing water. If there is too much dust and soot and the air is very polluted, poplar leaves send a distress signal - they become small, become stained, thin out. It is necessary to take measures, after all, it is impossible to live in such conditions not only for a poplar, but also for a person.
Poplar blooms in early spring, even before the first leaves bloom on it. Already at the end of May, the fruits ripen on the poplars - boxes with a large number of small seeds. These seeds are covered with long silky hairs - popularly called poplar fluff. The boxes burst, a "white blizzard" falls on the city. Poplar fluff, like snow, covers the ground and trees.
- Confess to us, rooster,
Why is fluff everywhere?
You- famous bully!
There must have been a fight here?
- I don’t fight for eight days! Fluff flies from poplars!
(M.Druzhinin)
Poplar fluff quickly absorbs moisture, thus creating good conditions for seed germination, Poplar seed swells in 4 hours, and after 8-1 hours it has a root.
poplar wood is soft and light. Plywood and paper are made from it. Poplar buds are used in cosmetology.

BIRCH
In a white sarafan
With handkerchiefs in their pockets
With pretty clasps
With green earrings.
(A. Prokofiev)
It is the birch that is considered the symbol of our country. Since ancient times, songs and poems have been composed about this tree:

A birch tree stood in the field,

The curly one stood in the field.

White birch under my window
Covered with snow, like silver,
On fluffy branches with a snowy border
The brushes have blossomed in a white fringe.
(S. Yesenin)

Birch is unpretentious, it grows both on dry sands and on swampy soils. It can be found in the forest, in the field, and in parks.
In early spring, when the buds swell on the trees, flowers appear on the birch - inconspicuous catkins. In summer, they noticeably increase and turn brown. Each ripe catring contains several hundred small seeds. And on a whole adult tree in fruitful years, they can ripen up to several million. The smallest fruits, similar to a very small butterfly with open wings, are carried by the wind to large

distances and germinate next spring on suitable soils. That is why birch is one of the first to occupy free plots of land.
White birch bark - birch bark - reflects the sun's rays and protects the tree from overheating.
Since ancient times, birch bark has been used for the manufacture of household products. Raw materials were procured in the spring. At this time, “the birch bark molts, that is, it is freely separated from the wood. Raw materials were dried in the shade and smoothed under the press. Tuesques, mugs, breadbaskets, boxes and other household items were made from birch bark. From the inner part of birch bark - bast - they wove sandals, baskets, and trunks.
When people still did not know how to make paper, they wrote on birch bark. Birch bark letters, which are 700-8C years old, have survived to this day.
Birch is still beneficial today. From E wood make furniture. Birch buds have healing properties, they are used for the preparation of medicines.
MYSTERY
Sticky buds
Green leaves,
With white bark
Stands over the mountain.
(Birch)

CEDAR
To begin with, the tree that everyone calls cedar and from which pine nuts are harvested is not actually cedar at all. This is a cedar pine, or Siberian cedar.
There are only three types of real cedars: Lebanese, Atlas and Himalayan. In our country, they almost never occur. In some southern cities, Himalayan cedars are planted on the streets.
But there is a lot of Siberian pine in Russia. This
tall powerful tree. It reaches heights
40 meters, and the trunk diameter is 1.5-2 meters. Crown
in young trees it is pyramidal, in adults it is spreading.
For the first time, the Siberian pine was called cedar by the Tobolsk Metropolitan Cyprian in his work “Synodikon. He described how Novgorod merchants, in the 11th century in Siberia, saw large trees with cones. Some of them had seen cedar cones before. So they called the unfamiliar tree cedar.
It is very easy to breathe in the cedar because of the smell of pine needles and aromatic oils that cedar wood gives off. This remarkable feature of the cedar forests was noticed by the ancient monks. Then the proverb arose:

Russia. And today they grow in the Sergiev Posad monasteries of the Yaroslavl and Tver regions. They are on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin. Cedars are long-lived trees. They live up to 800 or even 1000 years.
Siberian cedar is a real wood-combine, almost all of its parts are used by humans. The juice is used in medicine. Wood is used to make furniture, musical instruments and pencils. I use tannins from the bark in the manufacture of leather goods. The needles are processed to obtain vitamin meal for animal husbandry.
In a productive year, one large tree gives up to 1000-1500 cones. In nature, the seeds of the Siberian cedar are distributed by nutcrackers, chipmunks, squirrels, sables and other animals that feed on pine nuts. Pine nuts are very nutritious, they contain 65 percent oil and are rich in protein and vitamins.
PUZZLES
There is Siberian cedar in the taiga,
Cedars are generous for nuts.
They know squirrels, they know mice,
What to look for them in ... (bump)

SPRUCE
What kind of girl is this:
Not a seamstress, not a craftswoman,
She doesn't sew anything herself,
And in needles all year round.
(A. Rozhdestvenskaya)
TO Which tree do we always decorate with toys for the New Year? That's right, a Christmas tree. Christmas tree, or, scientifically, spruce, is a relative of other conifers such as pine or cedar.
A spruce has a denser crown than a pine. She tolerates a lack of light well and does not die, but simply stops growing. Spruce requires moist, nutritious soil for good growth. Spruces are slender trees with fluffy branches covered with needles. Norway spruce is the tallest tree in Europe, it reaches a height of 70 meters.
Ate at the edge- to the heavens top of the head-
They listen, are silent, look at the grandchildren.
And grandchildren are Christmas trees, thin needles,
There is a round dance at the forest gate.
If in deciduous trees the leaves turn yellow and fall off in autumn, then in conifers the leaves-needles remain green in winter. The only coniferous tree that sheds needles every year is larch.
In our country, in the European part, ordinary spruce grows, in the Urals and Siberia - Siberian spruce, in the Far East - Korean spruce, in the Caucasus -

Eastern spruce, in Karelia - Finnish spruce. Here are how many species!
Blue spruces adorn the central squares of Russian cities. Their homeland is North America. The waxy bloom gives the needles an unusual blue color. The wood covered with natural wax can easily survive both harsh winters and dry summers.
You will always find her in the forest- Let's go for a walk and meet:
It is prickly like a hedgehog
In the winter in a summer dress.
The spruce lives for several hundred years, the oldest spruces in our country were found in the Kostroma region. They are more than 500 years old.
Spruce wood is soft, pleasant white silt of yellowish color. It makes beautiful furniture. Also, musical instruments are made of spruce wood.
PUZZLES
In winter and summer in one color.
(Spruce)
She has clothes pegs-
All needles and needles.
The Beasts are Joking: Uncle the Hedgehog
Looks a little like her! "

(Christmas tree)

WILLOW
Let's sit here by this willow.
What wonderful twists
On the bark around the hollow!
And under another, how beautiful
Golden tints
Jets of quivering glass.
(A. Fet)
R Various types of willow have received their own, memorable names among the people: willow, willow willow, blackotal, whiteotal.
Willow is found everywhere: from the desert polar tundra to the steppe of Central Asia. In the north, it reaches only a few centimeters, and in the south, these are huge 30-meter trees.
Near the river at the cliff
The willow is crying, the willow is crying.
Maybe she feels sorry for someone?
Maybe she's hot in the sun?
Maybe the wind is playful
Did you pull the willow by the pigtail?
Is the willow thirsty?
Maybe we should go ask?
(AND. Tokmakova)
The willow has long roots, so it is planted to fix loose sands, to strengthen the banks, canals, slopes, dams, to create forest belts. Weeping willows, which are planted in parks and along the banks of reservoirs, look very beautiful.

If you see a willow tree, then you should know that somewhere very close there is water - a pond or a river. In the old days, people looked for water using a willow twig. Where the twig trembles, tilts down - it means that deep in the ground there is an aquifer, and here you need to dig a well. The people who were looking for water with a willow twig were called dowsers.
In the spring, the willow blooms, and its branches are covered with earrings. Ripe fruits open up, releasing light, like fluff, seeds. The wind blows them away from the parent tree.
Willow seeds have an amazing ability. Having fallen to the ground, they begin to sprout in an hour! In a day, the seed acquires a lump tail - a root, and a stalk rises upward.
Many animals feed on young shoots of willow. In the tundra, in thickets of willow, deer feed, in the forest zone - moose. And new rods are used for weaving baskets and making wicker furniture. And white willow wood is made by various crafts.
MYSTERY
Kidney- silver,
Flowers- gilded,
And the skin on the branch-
Red races flowers.
(Willow)

Deciduous plants play a very important role. They are able to purify the air, protect us from the wind, play the role of a hedge, and also beautifully and effectively decorate any territory. Many species look spectacular in spring during flowering, and in summer they delight you with their fruits. All trees can be divided into deciduous and coniferous. All of them are beautiful and unusual in their own way. If you want to complement your garden with beautiful plants, then you can buy deciduous trees at greensad.ua/category/listvjannye-derevja/.

Deciduous and coniferous trees: what is the difference

Deciduous and conifers differ from each other not only in appearance. The main feature of conifers is that they do not shed their foliage. And deciduous plants usually prepare for dormancy in the fall and shed their leaves. There are also exceptions to the rule. Evergreen deciduous trees that grow in consistently warm climates always stay green. In latitudes where heat-loving deciduous plants grow, all plants remain evergreen. Let's remember the rainforests. Tall plants, lianas have lush green foliage all year round. The question arises as to why deciduous trees shed their foliage for the winter.

In latitudes with climate change, plants have their own cycle. In the spring, the seedling wakes up, grows, leaves appear on the shoots, which turn yellow and fall off in the fall. And the tree itself seems to go into a dream. The main task of a tree in winter is to slow down life processes. The circulation of sap stops, the plant stores moisture. In order for the resource to last until winter, the leaves must be shed. Their area is large and they will not be able to retain moisture, unlike conifers. The leaves of conifers are needles that are covered with a waxy coating, have a compact size, a hard structure and a narrow shape. These needles perfectly retain moisture, which is enough until the start of the new season. This is why deciduous trees shed their foliage while conifers do not.

Deciduous trees:


How do deciduous trees differ from conifers? Firstly, conifers are considered unpretentious, and secondly, deciduous plants usually bloom, but conifers do not. In conifers, fruits ripen in cones. Thirdly, conifers never shed their needles (the only exception is larch). Most deciduous plants produce edible fruits, and coniferous cones are not suitable for consumption.

Coniferous trees:

Beautiful trees for your garden

Now you know what deciduous trees look like and how they differ from conifers. What trees to plant in your garden is up to you! For the garden, you can use fruit and decorative deciduous. Conifers are irreplaceable on an alpine slide, in a rocky garden.

Ornamental foliage plants for the garden can be divided into shrubs and trees. Popular deciduous shrubs for the garden: lilac, spirea, rhododendron, jasmine, barberry, henomeles, hydrangea, weigela, mock-orange, tree peony, magnolia, viburnum, azalea and many other beautiful shrubs.

The most popular and popular deciduous trees in Ukraine: linden, birch, chestnut, maple, catalpa, sakura, ornamental cherry and plum, elm, ash. Oaks and other large plants are often planted in large parks.

Popular conifers and shrubs are spruce, pine, thuja, hemlock, larch, junipers, yew and other plants.


The strict outlines of conifers are always appropriate in any landscape design. In the summer, they are perfectly combined with the lawn and other flowering crops, favorably shading them, and in the winter they save the backyard with their bright branching from dullness and lifelessness. In addition, they endlessly give clean air enriched with healing essential oils. Unjustified superstitions about the prohibitions on growing such crops in private farmsteads have sunk into oblivion. Modern gardeners can no longer imagine their garden without evergreen decorations. And there is plenty to choose from needle-like beauty. Take a closer look at which of the conifers is right for you.

Did you know? Conifers lead the list of long-lived plants. The oldest spruce found in Sweden today is considered Old Tikko, which, according to various estimates, is more than 9.5 thousand years old. Another "old-timer" - the intermountain bristlecone pine Methuselah, has been growing in the USA for 4846 years. In general, for conifers, the normal age is measured in millennia. Only 20 ancient trees are known on the globe, of which only one deciduous tree is the sacred ficus from Sri Lanka, which is 2217 years old.


Tall slender coniferous trees of fir trees in the garden very effective in both single and composite landings. Some craftsmen build unique hedges from them. Today's spruce is not only a tall, large crop with a narrow cone-shaped crown and dry lower branches that is familiar to us since childhood. The assortment of prickly beauties is regularly renewed with decorative varieties. For planting in personal plots, the following are in demand:

  • "Acrocona" (in adulthood reaches a height of 3 m and a width of 4 m);
  • "Inversa" (spruce trees of this variety up to 7 m high and up to 2 m wide);
  • "Maxwellii" (is a compact tree up to 2 m high and wide);
  • "Nidiformis" (such a spruce is no more than a meter high and about 1.5 m wide);
  • "Ohlendorfii" (the trunk of an adult tree extends up to 6 m, crown up to 3 m in diameter);
  • "Glauca" (spruce with blue needles, this beautiful garden decoration is often used in compositions with deciduous trees).


Fir is a magnificent tree from the Pine family (Pinaceae). Among other conifers, it stands out with purple cones and flat needles growing upward. The needles are shiny and soft, they are dark green above, and each is marked with a white stripe below. Young seedlings grow for a very long time, and from the age of 10, development accelerates and lasts until the roots die off. Despite the prevalence of fir, many find it difficult to answer whether it is a coniferous or deciduous tree. Among gardeners, varieties of decorative balsamic fir are in demand:

  • "Columnaris" (columnar);
  • "Prostrate" (branches grow horizontally, their length is up to 2.5 m);
  • "Nana" (tree up to 50 cm high and 1 m wide, round-flattened crown);
  • "Argenta" (needles are silvery, each needle has a white tip);
  • "Glauca" (blue needles with a waxy bloom);
  • "Variegata" (yellow spot on the needles).


Juniper is the leader in the list of conifers in terms of bactericidal properties. The plant appeared over 50 million years ago. Today scientists classify it to the Cypress family and distinguish about 70 species, of which only nine are cultivated in Ukraine.

Among the juniper variety, there are 30-meter giants and 15-centimeter elfin trees. Each of them has its own characteristics, not only in the shape of the crown and hairpins, but also in the requirements for conditions and care. In the garden, such a culture will look both in rockeries, and in rock gardens, and as a hedge. Most often, on personal plots, there are varieties of ordinary juniper:

  • "Gold Cone" (the height reaches 4 m, and the width is 1 m, the branches form a dense narrow-conical shape);
  • "Hibernika" (the trunk of a mature tree up to 3.5 m high, the crown is narrow, columnar, 1 m in diameter);
  • "Green Carpet" (dwarf variety up to 50 cm in height and 1.5 m in volume, ground cover crown);
  • "Suecica" (shrub extends up to 4 m and grows in breadth up to 1 m, columnar crown).

Important! In the garden, junipers are recommended to be planted away from fruit trees, since they are conductors of diseases such as rust. From a preventive point of view, fruit crops are separated by a protective strip of tall plants, regularly examined for branch damage, and pruning is carried out as necessary. The affected areas are treated with fungicides.


Do you know which conifers are more common in aristocratic English gardens? Of course, cedars. They in a peculiar way frame the entire landscape gardening. Such trees have become an integral part of the decoration of the front entrance or the extensive lawn in front of the house. Cedars simultaneously create an atmosphere of home comfort and solemnity. In addition, dwarf forms are widely used for bonsai.

In their natural form, these trees majestically rise in the mountain ranges at an altitude of 3 thousand meters above sea level and seem to be real giants. Wild species grow up to 50 m in height. And although mankind has known about this plant for more than 250 years, scientists still cannot come to a single number of cedar species.

Some argue that all mature trees are identical and suggest the existence of only the Lebanese species, others additionally distinguish the Himalayan, Atlas and short-coniferous species. The database of the international project "Catalog of Life", which is engaged in the inventory of all species of flora and fauna known on the planet, contains information about the above species, with the exception of the short-coniferous.

Taking into account the experience of experts - participants in the project, who managed to collect information about 85% of all life on the globe, we will adhere to their classification of all conifers.

Did you know? The purchased pine nuts, loved by many, actually have nothing to do with cedar. Genuine cedar seeds are inedible, unlike cedar pine seeds. It is in narrow circles that it is called the Siberian cedar..

Cedar has many decorative forms, differing in the length of the needles, color of the needles, sizes:

  • "Glauca" (with blue needles);
  • "Breviramulosa" (with sparse long skeletal branches);
  • "Stricta" (columnar crown is formed by dense short branches, slightly raised up);
  • "Pendula" (branches fall down easily);
  • "Tortuosa" (differs in meandering main branches);
  • "Nana" (dwarf variety);
  • "Nana Pyramidata" (dwarf tree with upward branches).


These evergreens from the Cypress genus grow up to 70 meters in their native environment and closely resemble cypresses. Through the efforts of breeders, the culture of such conifers is actively replenished with the names of new varieties that will satisfy every taste.

In landscape design, low-growing varieties are often used to create hedges, medium trees are planted singly or in compositions, dwarfs are settled in rock gardens and mixborders. The plant easily fits into all design ensembles of garden decoration, it is distinguished by fluffy and soft needles. If you touch the needles, you will feel a pleasant touch, not a bristly tingling sensation.

Dwarf varieties that do not exceed 360 cm in height are very popular with gardeners. Such popularity is due to the versatility and decorativeness of coniferous bushes. Today the most popular varieties are:

  • "Ericoides" (thuose cypress, up to 1.5 m high, coop-shaped);
  • "Nana Gracilis" (by the age of 10 it grows up to half a meter, the crown is round or conical);
  • "Ellwoodii" (a tree with a columnar crown, transforms into a pyramidal crown with age, grows up to 1.5 m by the age of ten);
  • "Minima Aurea" (a dwarf plant, its crown resembles a rounded pyramid);
  • "Compacta" (differs in dense branches, neat crown up to 1 m high);

Important! Dwarf varieties "Gnom", "Minima", "Minima glauca", "Minima aurea" winter very badly. They will not freeze under the snow cover, but they can vanish. It is recommended to monitor the density of the snow.


In their natural environment, these plants are evergreen trees or shrubs with a crown in the shape of a cone or pyramid, a slender trunk covered with thick bark, foliage pressed to the branches and cones ripening in the second year. Scientists know about 25 types of cypress trees, of which about a dozen are used in horticulture. Moreover, each of them has its own requirements and whims for growing conditions and care. Common cypress varieties:

  • "Benthamii" (graceful crown, bluish-green needles);
  • "Lindleyi" (distinguished by bright green needles and large cones);
  • "Tristis" (columnar crown, branches grow down);
  • "Aschersoniana" (undersized form);
  • "Compacta" (cypress develops in the form of a bush, has a rounded crown and bluish needles);
  • "Сonica" (pin-shaped crown and blue needles with a smoky shade, does not tolerate frost);
  • "Fastigiata" (stocky form with smoky blue needles);
  • "Glauca" (the crown is more prone to columnar, silvery needles, not a frost-resistant variety).


Guided by the name, many do not consider this tree to be coniferous and are deeply mistaken. In fact, larch belongs to the Pine family and is the most widespread species of conifers. Outwardly, this tall, slender tree looks like a Christmas tree, but every autumn it sheds needles.

In favorable conditions, a larch trunk can reach a diameter of 1 m and 50 m in height. The bark is thick, covered with deep brown furrows. The branches grow chaotically upward at an angle, forming an aura cone-shaped crown. The needles are 4 cm long, soft, flattened, bright green. Botanists distinguish between 14 types of larch. The following varieties are popular in horticulture:

  • "Viminalis" (weeping);
  • "Corley" (cushion);
  • "Repens" (with creeping branches);
  • "Cervicornis" (twisted branches);
  • "Kornik" (spherical, used as a scion on a stem);
  • "Blue Dwarf" (characterized by short stature and bluish needles);
  • "Diana" (slowly extending up to 2 m, the crown resembles a ball, the branches are slightly spiral, the needles are smoky green);
  • "Stiff Weeper" (characterized by long shoots creeping over the soil, needles with a bluish tint, often grafted onto a stem);
  • "Wolterdinger" (dense crown, like a dome, develops slowly).


About 115 species of pines (Pinus) are known in the world, but seventeen are widespread in Ukraine, and only eleven of them are cultivated. Pines differ from other coniferous trees with fragrant needles, located on the branches in bunches of 2 - 5 pieces. Depending on their number, the species of pine is determined.

Important! Outdoors, pine roots dry out within 15 minutes. It is better to plan the planting of pines in April-May or mid-September.

For garden collections, breeders have bred many miniature forms with slow growth. In large-scale forest park zones, giant natural species of pines are more common. In small adjoining territories and in the backyard, undersized varieties of pine trees will look spectacular. Such evergreen bushes can be found in a rock garden, on a lawn or in a mixborder. The varieties of mountain pine are popular, which in the wild is found on Western European slopes and reaches a height of 1.5 to 12 m:

  • "Gnom" (characterized by a height and crown diameter of 2 m, needles up to 4 cm long);
  • "Columnaris" (shrub up to 2.5 m in height and up to 3 m in width, needles are long and dense);
  • "Mops" (trunk up to 1.5 m high, branches form a spherical shape);
  • "Mini Mops" (shrub reaches up to 60 cm, grows up to 1 m in diameter, cushion crown);
  • "Globosa Viridis" (pine bush height and width about 1 m, ovoid shape, needles up to 10 cm long).


Compact columnar thuja of decorative varieties are found in almost every botanical garden and park. R Asthenia from the Cypress family is cultivated in Ukraine exclusively as an evergreen decoration. Gardeners in their reviews note the culture's resistance to decay, severe frosts and drought.

Thuja has a powerful superficial rhizome, branches growing upward, forming a column or pyramid shape, scaly dark leaves, small cones that ripen in the first year. Weeping, creeping and dwarf varieties have also been bred. Of these, the leading varieties of western thuja (occidentalis), which is distinguished by a fast-growing powerful trunk, reaching a height of 7 m, and branches up to 2 m in diameter. The needles of such a shrub are always green, regardless of the season. The "Sloth of Gold" variety is distinguished by a rich orange shade of needles; in winter, the branches acquire a copper tint. Such specimens are best cultivated in shady areas with neutral soil.

Did you know? Thuja spread to Europe thanks to King Francis of France, the first, who was an admirer of the unique cultures that appeared in his garden at Fontainebleau. He called the plant "the tree of life" and ordered to plant significant areas around the palace with it. After 200 years, thuja was already cultivated in the east of Europe. At the same time, inexperienced gardeners were often disappointed, because they grew a miracle tree from seeds, and instead of the expected "Columna" they received a giant 30-meter monster with rare branches. It is such a thuja that grows in its natural environment.

A dense crown in the form of a narrow 7-meter column is created by branches of a medium-sized variety "Columna". It can be seen from afar by its dark green needles with a shiny tint, which does not change either in winter or in summer. Such a tree is frost-resistant, not demanding to care for. For small gardens, compact thuja varieties "Holmstrup" are suitable, which grow up to 3 meters in height and branch up to 1 m in volume, forming a lush conical shape of a rich green color.

The variety is characterized by increased frost resistance, tolerates pruning well, and is used mainly for creating hedges. Gardeners consider "Smaragd" to be one of the best varieties of thuja with a conical crown. An adult tree reaches 4 m in height and 1.5 m in width. In young specimens, the branches form a narrow cone, and as it ages, it expands. The needles are juicy, green with a glossy sheen. Requires moist soil in care.


It is a very decorative evergreen tree of a columnar shape, reaching 20 meters in height at maturity. Shoots grow intensively, adding up to 1 m annually. The branches are covered with scaly leaves and develop in one plane. The fruits are small. For many, such a wondrous name is a revelation, therefore, in Ukraine, you can find cupressocyparis only on the sites of advanced collectors and ardent gardeners. In its native UK, where the hybrid is cultivated, it is used to create hedges, especially since the crop is easily adaptable after pruning. In Ukraine, the most common varieties of cupressocyparis Leyland:

  • Castlewellan Gold. It is characterized by resistance to wind and frost, not demanding to care for. Has a bright golden crown. Young branches of a purple hue.
  • Robinson's Gold. Dense green branches form a wide, pin-shaped crown of bronze-yellow color.
  • "Leithon Green". It is a tree with an openwork crown of a yellowish-green color. The branches are located asymmetrically, the trunk is clearly visible.
  • "Green Spire". A hybrid with bright yellowish leaves and a slightly columnar shape.
  • "Haggerston Gray". Differs in loose gray-green branches.

Important! Cupressocyparis grows best on fresh, sufficiently moist and mineral-rich substrates, regardless of the pH level. It is not recommended to plant the plant on waterlogged or dry carbonate soils.


In Japan, this majestic coniferous giant is considered the national tree. It can be found not only in wild forests and on mountain slopes, but also in the design of park alleys. Evergreen cryptomeria grows by the age of 150 to a height of 60 m, in favorable conditions its trunk cannot be hugged - it can reach 2 m in girth.

Branches with a light or dark shade of needles create a narrow dense crown. In some trees, for the winter, the needles are poured with a reddish or yellowish tone. They are not prickly to the touch, in appearance they are short, subulate. Cones are round, small, brown in color, ripen throughout the year. Botanists classify cryptomeria to the Cypress family and distinguish it as a single species. The eastern origin of the culture explains its parallel names.

The people often call the tree "Japanese cedar", which causes indignation among scientists, since cryptomeria has nothing to do with cedar. The adverbs Shan (Chinese) and Sugi (Japanese) are also used. Contemplating a majestic tree in the wild, it is difficult to even imagine that it can be grown in a backyard or in an apartment. But the breeders took care of this, creating many decorative dwarf forms, reaching no more than 2 m in height. The varieties of these conifers are represented by the following varieties: "Vandai-sugi", "Elegans compacta", "Araucarioides", "Vilmoriniana", "Dacrydioides" and spherical "Compressa", "Globosa".


These are evergreen trees or shrubs belonging to the Yew family, with a purple-smoky bark of a smooth or lamellar structure and soft long needles. Scientists distinguish 8 species of the genus, which are common in Europe, North America, Africa and East Asia. In Ukraine, only yew (European) grows in its natural environment.

The species is a large tree up to 20 m tall with reddish-brown bark, lanceolate leaves with a narrowed base on short legs. The top of the needles are glossy dark green, and the bottom is light matte. In care, these representatives of conifers add to the list of undemanding crops. Yew needles are dangerous for animals, can provoke severe poisoning and even death. Garden yew varieties amaze with a wide assortment. Due to the plant's good pruning adaptability, it is used to create borders and various green shapes. Each species has its own characteristics. The most common varieties:

  • "Aurea". Dwarf yew up to 1 m high, with dense small yellow needles.
  • "Pyramidalis". Low-growing pyramidal shape, becomes loose with age. The needles are longer at the base of the branches and shorter at the top. The height of the bush is 1 m, the width is 1.5 m.
  • "Capitata". The crown is in the shape of a pin, grows quickly, has one or more trunks.
  • "Columnaris". The crown is wide, columnar. With age, the apex becomes wider than the base.
  • "Densa". Slow growing, female, wide, flattened crown.
  • "Еxpansa". Crohn in the form of a vase, barrelless, with an open center.
  • "Farmen". Low-growing yew with a wide crown and dark needles.

Did you know? For more than 20 years, pharmaceutical companies have been using yew raw materials for the manufacture of drugs for malignant tumors. Berry yew, widespread in our country, is known for its healing properties in cancers of the mammary glands, ovaries, intestines, stomach, and hormonal imbalance. In Europe, after cutting hedges, gardeners donate yew branches to specialized points for further processing.

When choosing an evergreen decoration for your garden or a house plot, you need to know not only what conifers and shrubs are, the names of their species and varieties, but it is also important to understand the growth characteristics, final size, crown shape, development rate, care. Otherwise, instead of a luxurious decoration in the garden, you can get a highly branched monster that will create a shadow for all living things around.

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This lesson will cover the topic “Deciduous and Coniferous Trees”, which will help students learn about the two groups of trees - deciduous and coniferous. Let's consider their distinctive features.

Lesson: Deciduous and Coniferous Trees

As you know, each tree has its own distinctive features. Leaves are one of these signs. Sheet- This is one of the main organs of the plant that performs the function of respiration and nutrition. The leaves of trees are very diverse in shape and size.

The birch tree has small carved leaves.

Linden leaves are shaped like a heart.

Oak leaves will expand at the top of the leaf.

Maple has a wide sheet plate with pointed ends.

Rowan has a complex leaf, on the central petiole there are up to 15 small leaves.

Composite leaf and chestnut. Slightly pointed leaves are joined at the top of the main petiole.

Birch, mountain ash, oak, maple, linden are deciduous trees. They have their own distinctive features.

1) The presence of leaves.

2) In autumn, the color of the leaves changes.

3) All deciduous trees shed their foliage. This phenomenon is called leaf fall.

A large number of treesform a deciduous forest.

Let's take a look at some of the representatives of deciduous trees.

The most powerful tree in the forest is considered oak... Our ancestors considered the oak to be a sacred tree. The oak is about 50 meters high and has a lifespan of 500 years. But there are also centenarians for more than a thousand years. In autumn they ripen on oak trees acorns.

These are hearty and nutritious fruits. The squirrel loves to feast on acorns, and will hide it in a hollow in reserve. The forest bird, the jay, is also a lover of delicious fruits. Wild boars also rush after acorns, because they need to accumulate fat in order to survive the winter.

Our ancestors knew: a lot of acorns on an oak - by a harsh winter. Sow wheat when the oak leaves unfold. And the oak is also considered a symbol of power and strength. The bravest warriors were awarded with oak wreaths.

People say about cowardly people: "It trembles like an aspen leaf." In reality, the aspen leaf trembles from the slightest breath of wind. This is due to the structure of the petiole ... The stalk of the aspen is very thin and long, even in calm weather, the leaves of the aspen quietly rustle... In the spring, before the leaves appear, catkins appear on the aspen. People say: "The fluff flew from the aspen, go into the forest for the aspen boletus."

These are mushrooms that love to grow under the aspen. The caps of these mushrooms resemble the autumn coloration of aspen leaves.

What tree is this riddle about?

It takes from my flower

Bee is the most delicious honey.

And everyone offends me

The thin skin is removed.

This Linden. The fragrant, fragrant linden flowers attract bees. And it's not for nothing that bees produce linden honey, it has healing properties. Our ancestors went to the linden tree for bast. This is the inside of the bark. Thin strips were removed from the tree and bast shoes were woven. Linden wood is very soft and white. Furniture, dishes and musical instruments are made from it.

The second group of trees is conifers. Needles are modified leaves. Conifers include spruce, pine, cedar, fir, larch. A forest consisting of conifers is called coniferous... Unlike deciduous trees, conifers do not shed their needles in the fall, therefore their other name is evergreen.

Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree. The crown of the tree goes down to the ground, so it is dark and damp in the spruce forests. Spruce forests are called spruce forests... Spruce roots are located close to the surface of the earth. Therefore, spruce trees fall from a strong wind, forming impassable thickets and windbreaks. It looks like a spruce branch with cones. Cones are oblong.

Spruce is a very interesting and useful tree. Its wood is used to make musical instruments and paper. Conifers emit special substances, they fill the air with a pleasant aroma and purify it. How much joy the green beauty brings to the house on New Year's Eve!

Pine is a coniferous tree. The crown of the tree is at the very top, so it is light in the pine forests. Such a forest is called pine forest... The pine has strong roots, so strong winds are not afraid of it. Pine can also grow on rocks and ravines. It looks like a pine branch with a cone.

The pine needles are longer than those of the spruce. The needles grow on a branch two at a time. Cones are short, rounded.

Among conifers there is a tree with unusual properties - this larch... Like spruce and pine, larch has needles; in autumn, larch turns yellow and sheds needles like leaves, which is why it is called larch. In the spring, young needles appear again from the buds.

If there are both coniferous and deciduous trees in the forest, such a forest is called mixed.

Trees are the lungs of our planet. By absorbing harmful substances, trees emit air and oxygen. Leaves trap fumes and soot. Trees must be protected.

In the next lesson, the topic "Autumn in plant life" will be discussed. In the course of this lesson, we will learn about the most important seasonal changes that occur with almost all plants. Let's see how autumn manifests itself, and then we will find out the role of autumn in plant life.

1. Samkova V.A., Romanova N.I. The world around us 1. - M .: Russian word.

2. Pleshakov A.A., Novitskaya M.Yu. The world around us 1. - M .: Enlightenment.

3. Gin A.A., Fire S.A., Andrzheevskaya I.Yu. The world around us 1. - M .: VITA-PRESS.

1. Describe deciduous trees.

2. Describe conifers.

3. Guess riddles.

1. I have a longer needle than the tree.

I grow very straight - in height.

If I'm not at the edge

Branches only at the top of the head. (Pine)

2. You will always find her in the forest -

You go for a walk and meet:

It is prickly like a hedgehog

In the winter in a summer dress. (Spruce)

3. Into this sleek carton

Bronze color

A small oak tree is hidden

Next summer. (Acorn)

4. Who knows what kind of tree it is?

A relative has a Christmas tree

Thornless needles.

But unlike the tree -

Those needles are falling. (Larch)

5.Takes from my flower

Bee is the most delicious honey.

And they still offend me,

Thin skin is ripped off. (Linden)