Psychological inertia

Psychological inertia is a person's property to think by direct analogy.

The inertia of thinking is one of the properties of the human psyche, which is expressed in the fact that consciousness, the mind of a person is often subject to the force of habit. Under its influence, when thinking about problems, ideas first come to a person's head, similar to those already known. But usually old ideas are not suitable for new conditions, just as the steam engine is not suitable for a modern car. That is why this property of the psyche is called "inertia" because it inhibits the emergence of new ideas and solutions.

Psychological inertia has its pros and cons. The advantage of inertia is that it allows a person to perform their usual actions without thinking, automatically, without wasting time on “inventing the wheel”. The lack of inertia of thinking is that it forces a person to act in a standard way and in non-standard situations.

Where does it come from?

When steam engines appeared, inventors very quickly realized that they could be used to increase the speed of transport. But in the first steam locomotives, the engine set in motion mechanical legs, by analogy with the legs of a horse. And in the first cars, the driver sat on the irradiation, like a coachman in a carriage.

This is the inertia of the usual principle of action, the usual appearance.

SIMPLE CHALLENGE

2 coins total 15 kopecks,

and one of them is not a nickle.

What kind of coins are they?

The majority of those who solve this problem for the first time automatically exclude a penny from all possible options. But the problem says only about one coin, that it is not a nickel. The second coin may well be a nickel.

Answer: 5 kopecks and 10 kopecks

This is the inertia of a non-existent prohibition

There are many more highly interfering types of inertia, but we will analyze them in detail in the next books in this series.

We will learn to deal with psychological inertia. But this is not enough to effectively solve the problems that are coming on us from all sides. Living conditions are constantly changing, the requirements for a person are growing. Your intellect needs training, development ... Otherwise, you will be overtaken by more inventive colleagues.

How to develop intelligence? Exercise ...

CUTTING PROBLEM

How to cut round cheese into 8 equal parts in three cuts?

Is it embarrassing? Ok, let's leave this task for now, we'll come back to it later.

Let's consider something simpler.

How to place 3 more packs on one floor on a pack of cigarettes?

This task is almost straightforward: you need to put all three packs vertically.

MATCH PROBLEM

How to make four identical triangles out of six identical matches?

No matter how you move the matches on a plane, four triangles do not work. Only by remembering the existence of the third dimension, you can get the correct answer.

Please note: what technique did we use to solve these problems? Transition to the third dimension. Try this same technique for the round cheese slicing problem.

One trick has already come into your field of vision.

There are many very interesting techniques for the development of intelligence. We will get to know them in the next books in this series.

But our goal is not only the development of intellectual abilities through various exercises, but also the generation of ideas, i.e. coming up with new or changing known ideas... There are a number of techniques for coming up with ideas, as well as a technique for resolving contradictions that necessarily arise when trying to introduce new ideas into old conditions.

This text is an introductory fragment. From the book Will and Vision. How latecomers end up running the markets by Tellis Gerard

Consumer Inertia Consumer inertia manifests itself in their unwillingness to change the brand. There are two reasons for this. For cheap or frequently consumed goods, consumers prefer not to change the brand, so as not to waste energy on evaluating alternatives and making new price decisions,

From the book Own Counterintelligence [Practical Guide] the author Zemlyanov Valery Mikhailovich

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7. METHODS OF PERSONALITY AND COLLECTIVE DEVELOPMENT

7.1. Methods for developing creative imagination 1.

The system of creative imagination development existing in TRIZ is a set of fantasy techniques and special methods.

7.1.1. The concept of psychological inertia

When starting to solve a new problem, we involuntarily try to apply solutions, methods or concepts already known to us. This "helpful" memory suggests the paths previously used by us, that is, it forces us to follow the "beaten track". It was this phenomenon that received the name psychological inertia.

There are many reasons for the appearance of psychological inertia, we will describe some of them:

  • Use of special terms,
  • Spatio-temporal representations of an object,
  • System of values,
  • Traditions (professional, corporate, national, territorial, etc.).

One of the reasons for the appearance of psychological inertia is using familiar terms given in the conditions of the problem. We think in concepts, and the terms imperceptibly "push" us in the direction of already known solutions. Considering, for example, the problem with the movement of an icebreaker in ice, we already involuntarily imagine a certain "technology" of movement in ice. "Ledo count "- it means that the ice must be chopped. Although it may be better to cut, saw, blast or move under the ice, should it be ice or through the ice?

Psychological inertia appears with the use of habitual spatio-temporal representations, which is associated with this or that object or process. The dimensions of the object and the duration of its action are either directly indicated in the conditions of the problem, or are implied by themselves.

Valuable concepts of things and concepts ( system of values) impose on them their own worldview, which prevents them from seeing them in a different light.

It has a great influence on the style of our life, on fashion, on the methods of cooking, on the appearance and content of the objects around us, on the style of work and thinking. tradition.

The use of methods for the development of creative imagination allows you to manage psychological inertia.

There are various ways to overcome psychological inertia. Thus, J. Dixon 2 states that "it is relatively easy to deal with it, it is simply remembering her!"The gradual reduction of psychological barriers is also carried out through the systematic development of creative imagination with the help of special exercises and reading science fiction literature.

As such methods for training the imagination, some methods of activating the creative process can be used, for example, such as: brainstorming, morphological analysis and the method of focal objects. To begin with, you can recommend using these methods to come up with fantastic animals, inhabitants of some other planets, etc. Then you can move on to more real objects, but not be afraid to fantasize more. Gradual studies will help you not to be afraid of any, even seemingly absurd or delusional ideas, and to look for a rational grain in them. This path can lead you to a new application of some things, concepts and to their broader interpretation. Systematic lessons of this kind will teach you to consider objects, processes and concepts from a wide variety of perspectives ...

17. Inertia of thinking

The inertia of thinking is characterized by a pronounced difficulty in switching from one type of activity to another. This thinking disorder is the antipode of mental lability. In this case, patients cannot change the course of their judgments. Such switching difficulties are usually accompanied by a decrease in the level of generalization and distraction. Stiffness of thinking leads to the fact that the subjects cannot cope even with simple tasks that require switching (with tasks for mediation).

Inertia of thinking occurs in patients:

1) epilepsy (most common);

2) with brain injuries;

3) with mental retardation.

To illustrate the inertia of thinking, let us give an example: “Sick B-n (epilepsy). Cupboard. “This is an object in which something is stored ... But dishes and food are also stored in the buffet, and a dress is kept in the closet, although food is often stored in the closet. If the room is small and the sideboard does not fit in it, or if there is simply no sideboard, then the dishes are stored in the closet. Here we have a wardrobe; on the right is a large empty space, and on the left there are 4 shelves; there are dishes and food. This, of course, is uncivilized, often bread smells like mothballs - it's powder from moths. Again, there are bookcases, they are not so deep. Their shelves are already, there are many shelves. Now the wardrobes are embedded in the walls, but it is still a wardrobe. "

The inertia of mental activity is also revealed in the associative experiment. The instructions say that the subject must answer the experimenter with a word of the opposite meaning.

The data obtained showed that the latency period in such patients is on average 6.5 s, and in some patients it reaches 20-30 s.

The subjects with thinking inertia showed a large number of delayed responses. In this case, patients respond to a previously presented word, and not to the one that is presented at the moment. Let's consider examples of such late responses:

1) the patient responds with the word "silence" to the word "singing", and the next word "wheel" responds with the word "silence";

2) having answered the word “faith” to the word “deception”, the patient responds with the word “lie” to the next word “voices”.

Delayed responses of patients are a significant deviation from the course of the associative process in the norm. They show that the trace stimulus for such patients has a much greater signal value than the actual one.

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The accumulation of the required stock of special knowledge concerning the designed products, mastery of design techniques are necessary conditions for the fruitful activity of the designer. At the same time, learning hides in itself one of the most serious obstacles to obtaining new useful ideas - psychological inertia.

Psychological inertia is a predisposition to any specific way of solving a problem, which is a consequence of a completely natural human desire to solve a problem in a known and repeatedly applied way.

Psychological inertia can be overcome. To do this, first of all, you need to remember about it, moreover, it is by no means required to act according to the principle “forget everything you know”. The "old" methods are in most cases fruitful, as they are based on proven experience. The principle should be observed: there are many methods, not one, and what is good in one case may be bad in another.

As knowledge accumulates, a moment comes when the vastness of the material, the number of solution options begin to act in the opposite direction - they reduce the danger of psychological inertia. There are also methods for overcoming psychological inertia.

In addition to psychological inertia, there are other types of obstacles, for example, fear of risk, distrust of new things, influence of authorities, fear of criticism, etc.

4.3 Rational methods of generating ideas

This group of methods is based on the use of the optimal logic of analysis of a technical or other improved object, patterns or development. It offers logical rules for analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, classification, induction, deduction, etc. These are rational or logical methods for solving creative problems. These include: a morphological box, a method of multidimensional matrices, an algorithm for solving inventive problems, a functional-physical design technique.

One of the rational methods for solving inventive problems is the use of black box method.

The black box concept is widely used in cybernetics. This refers to a system in which the input and output values ​​are known, but the internal structure is unknown.

When using the black box method in the process of forming an idea, the essence of the approach lies in the fact that to solve the problem, one abstracts from the search for a specific definition of the product structure, considering only possible options for input and output parameters. This removes the restrictions imposed on the solution by the presence or absence of known principles or schemes for converting these parameters. All attention of the developer is concentrated on the choice of the rational type and values ​​of the input and output parameters of the product, while the content of the "black box" is left for independent consideration as the second design step.

One of the most complete and thorough principles of idea formation is principle of systematization known in design theory as the morphological box method.

The essence of the method lies in the selection of essential classification features of a product or its component part, distinguishing one design (scheme, principle of operation) from another, establishing variants of each of the features and presenting each of the features in the form of a multidimensional matrix or diagram of all their possible combinations, regardless of their vitality and value.

Two- and three-dimensional matrix is ​​easily represented graphically, multidimensional matrices can be decomposed into a series of two- or three-dimensional or presented in the form:

A1, A2, A3, ... Ai

B1, B2, B3,… Bj

C1, C2, C3,… Cm

………………

K1, K2, K3, ... Kn

where A, B, C ... K - variants of classification features,

i… n is the number of variants of each feature.

Number of working ideas: N = i * j * m *… * n.

In order to prevent the formation of too many working ideas, one should be careful about both the allocation of classification features and the consideration of their options, limiting only to essential, fundamentally important features and options. Although, given the possibility of machine evaluation of the adopted criteria, the number of ideas can be relatively large - several dozen or even more, when manually processing the results, one has to exclude in advance those of them that seem unpromising to the developer on the basis of, for example, engineering intuition.

The procedure for applying the method contains the following sequential steps:

Elaboration of a fundamental decision on the composition of the designed object, a "schematic diagram",

Allocation of the classification features of the object,

Establishment of possible options for each of the signs,

Creation of a morphological box model,

Presentation of the obtained combinations of features - "working ideas",

Development of criteria for evaluating the design object from the point of view of the set development goal,

Analysis and evaluation of working ideas, identification of their shortcomings,

Finding ways to eliminate the identified shortcomings of each of the working ideas and developing "improved ideas",

Analysis and comparative evaluation of improved ideas, the choice of one of them as an "optimized idea", which serves for the subsequent concretization of the accepted version of the design object.

1. Assignment of axes (allocation of classification features of an object, establishment of possible options for each of the features).

2. Construction of the matrix.

3. Analysis of the results and development of criteria for evaluating the design object.

Advantage: a large number of options.

Disadvantage: Difficulty finding the right option

The morphological method allows you to get a large number of options and combinations, which is much more than a person can imagine.

Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving (ARIZ)

1. Formulation of the problem (mini-problem).

2. Finding a technical contradiction (TP).

The technical contradiction consists in the fact that two mutually exclusive requirements are imposed on the same element or product.

For example, the guide of an instrument must be highly accurate and must be inaccurate so as not to increase the price of the instrument (see Fig. 1)

Picture 1- Radial runout measurement

3. Strengthen the conflict → ideal end result (MC → IFR). (For example, the indicator moves, but no guides).

4. Introduction of the X-element (the X-element ensures the movement of the indicator in a straight line and parallel to the axis of the part).

5. Resolution of a technical contradiction (TP). There are 40 techniques for resolving technical contradictions.

6. Resource Mobilization (RM)

Substitute the X-element in place of each of the system elements and check the possibility of performing the function (clause 4).

We choose a prism as the X-element. The part is located on a prism. Let's lengthen the prism by 2 times and set the anti-prism (see fig. 2).

Picture 2

It is possible not to lengthen the prism, but to make the antiprism as follows (see Fig. 3):

Figure 3

The right to an invention, utility model, industrial design is protected by the state and certified by a patent.

An invention in any field of technology is granted legal protection if it relates to a product or method, is new, has an inventive step and is industrially applicable.

A utility model, which is granted legal protection, is a technical solution related to devices that is new and industrially applicable.

An industrial design, which is granted legal protection, is an artistic or artistic design solution of a product that determines its appearance and is new and original.

Article 1001. The patentee has the exclusive right to use patented inventions, utility models, industrial designs. Other persons, non-patent holders, are not entitled to use the invention. Utility model, industrial design without the permission of the patent owner, except for cases when use in accordance with this Code or other law is not recognized as a violation of the rights of the patent owner.

Violation of the exclusive right of the patent owner shall be deemed to have been carried out without his consent:

    production, use, import, offer for sale, sale, other introduction into civil circulation or storage for these purposes of the product. Products made with the use of a patented invention, utility model, industrial design, as well as the performance of the above actions in relation to the device, during the functioning and operation of which, in accordance with its purpose, the method protected by the patent is carried out;

    application of a method protected by a patent for an invention, or introduction into civil circulation or storage for these purposes of a product made directly by a method protected by a patent for an invention.

Invention - the solution of a technical problem related to a material object - a product or the process of performing actions on a material object with the help of material means - a method.

Copyright holder - a citizen or legal entity that has the exclusive right to the result of intellectual activity or to a means of individualization.

Psychological inertia of thinking Psychological inertia is a habit of standard actions in typical situations; persistent desire of a person to think and act in accordance with the developed and acquired habits and ideas. Types of psychological inertia: Inertia of the usual function and functional orientation. Inertia of familiar terms are technical terms. Inertia of a familiar form of a familiar appearance.


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Lecture 8. Psychological inertia of thinking

Psychological inertia is a habit of standard actions in typical situations; persistent desire of a person to think and act in accordance with the developed and acquired habits and ideas. This mental phenomenon can often be observed in the process of inventive activity. Psychological inertia is based on negative psychological attitudes.

Negative attitudes

causing inertia of thinking.

1. "This cannot be because it can never be."

2. "This cannot be because ...".

3. "This object is of limited use ...".

5. "So everyone thinks ...".

6. "The shape of the object has always been like this ...".

7. "I know what the solution should be" or "I know where to look for a solution ...".

8. "I only solve my problem ...".

9. "This is a task for a specialist in my profile ...".

Types of psychological inertia:

  1. Inertia of the usual function and functional orientation.
  1. Inertia of familiar terms (special terms).
  1. Inertia of a familiar form, a familiar appearance.
  1. Inertia of familiar properties, states, parameters.
  1. Inertia of the usual operating principle, areas of expertise
  1. The inertia of the habitual immutability of the object.
  1. The inertia of the usual composition, the usual components.
  1. The inertia of a familiar dimension.

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