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Admission to Russian citizenship by birth

His parents (both or only one of them) were citizens of the Russian Federation. In this situation, the place of his birth is not a factor that matters.
One parent is a citizen of Russia, and the second has citizenship in another country. In this situation, if the place of birth is Russia, then the child receives Russian citizenship, but if he was born in another country, then he is considered a stateless person.
One parent is a citizen of the Russian Federation, the second one does not have citizenship or his whereabouts are not known (the same category includes cases where the parent went missing). For a child to obtain Russian citizenship, his place of birth is not important.
Both parents are on the territory of Russia, while being either foreigners or stateless persons. If the child was born on the territory of the Russian Federation, and another state for legislative reasons cannot give the child citizenship, he becomes a citizen of Russia.

Admission to the citizenship of the Russian Federation in the general order

A citizen of any other country or a stateless person can become a Russian citizen upon reaching the age of 18, provided that he is capable. Obtaining citizenship when submitting an application in the general manner occurs if the person who wants to receive it:

For 5 years he has been living on the territory of Russia. The period of such residence is considered from the moment when a residence permit is received until the moment of filing an application for citizenship of the Russian Federation. The period of such residence is called continuous if the duration of trips abroad of Russia did not exceed 3 months per year. If a candidate for citizenship arrived in the Russian Federation before July 1, 2002, then his period of continuous residence in the Russian Federation is counted from the moment of registration at a specific place of residence.
Undertakes to comply with the norms of the Russian legislation and the laws of the Russian constitution.
Has a legitimate source of income.
Sent an application-renunciation of another citizenship to the competent authority of the country whose citizenship he renounces. However, a waiver is not always required. The exception is cases provided for by Federal Law No. 62-FZ of May 31, 2002 and an international treaty. In a number of situations, renunciation of former citizenship is considered impossible due to reasons that do not depend on the person who wants to acquire citizenship.
Speaks Russian. At the same time, the level of knowledge is established by the regulation regulating the procedure for considering issues of Russian citizenship.

The minimum period of residence in Russia required for obtaining citizenship can be reduced!

To obtain Russian citizenship in a general manner, you need to live on the territory of the Russian Federation for 5 years (continuously). But even from this rule there are exceptions that allow reducing the required five-year period.

In order to take advantage of the amazing time reduction opportunities, one of the following conditions must be met:

Have special achievements in the field of culture or science, own a profession that is of value to the Russian Federation.
Be a person who is granted political asylum on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Have refugee status.

If a person who wants to obtain citizenship in Russia has really serious merits directly to the Russian Federation, then he can become a citizen bypassing any conventions and criteria indicated above.

Admission to the citizenship of the Russian Federation in a simplified manner

In comparison with the general procedure for becoming a citizen of the Russian Federation, the simplified one is considered preferential. It can be used by capable people who, due to various circumstances, do not have citizenship at all or foreign citizens who have reached the age of 18.

To become a citizen in Russia before the expiration of 5 years of permanent residence in the Russian Federation (in a simplified / accelerated manner), the following conditions must be met:

At least one of the parents must be a citizen of the Russian Federation and live in the territory of the Russian Federation.
A person wishing to obtain citizenship was previously a citizen of the USSR. It is also necessary that, at the same time, a person who does not have citizenship in one of the countries of the collapsed union, in the present and in the past, lived on the territory of the former USSR.
A person who has citizenship in one of the countries that were part of the Union before the collapse of the Union, completed a training course in institutions of higher or secondary vocational education in Russia after July 1, 2002.

People who live in the Russian Federation and have another citizenship or do not have citizenship can become citizens in the Russian Federation in a simplified (accelerated) form if the following requirements are met:

The applicant was born in the RSFSR and had USSR citizenship.
Disabled people who wish to become citizens of the Russian Federation, while they have capable children with Russian citizenship.
The applicant has been the spouse of a person who has citizenship in the Russian Federation for 3 years or more.

A person without any citizenship or having citizenship in another country, who was previously a citizen of the USSR and arrived in the Russian Federation from a state that was once a union republic within the USSR, can become a Russian citizen in an expedited form if the following conditions are met:

A person who wants to become a citizen of the Russian Federation has a residence permit or registration for m. f. on the territory of Russia, issued or received before July 1, 2002.
The applicant has a legitimate source of income necessary to live in the Russian Federation.
A candidate for citizenship of Russia knows Russian.
The person applied before July 1, 2009 for citizenship in the Russian Federation.

Other grounds for obtaining citizenship in the Russian Federation

The applicant was born in the RSFSR and was a citizen of the USSR. In this case, you need to present a birth certificate obtained in the former territory of the RSFSR by representatives of the registry office. If such a certificate is not available, you must present a USSR passport (one that was issued in 1974). The passport must contain information that the person was born in the RSFSR.
The applicant has been married to a person with Russian citizenship for 3 years.
An applicant recognized as disabled and having an 18-year-old capable child with the status of a citizen of the Russian Federation. In this case, in addition to the main package of documents, you must attach the passport of the child (capable and adult) and his birth certificate. In addition, you need a document confirming the applicant's incapacity for work (certificate of disability, certificate of a pensioner or disabled person).
The applicant used to have citizenship in the USSR and arrived in Russia from a country formerly part of the USSR. In this case, if before July 1, 2002 he had a residence permit or residence registration (temporary) in Russia, then documents will be needed: that the applicant previously had USSR citizenship; an identity document (for example, a passport modeled in 1974 with registration at the place of residence marked on it as of July 1, 2002); on the renunciation of the current citizenship (with the attachment of a registered postal item receipt, necessary in some situations). Also attached: a residence permit or registration certificate or a temporary residence permit in the Russian Federation. There is a special provision approved by the President of Russia, according to which the list of documents necessary for obtaining citizenship in Russia, the application form, the grounds for acquiring and terminating citizenship in the Russian Federation are approved.

To obtain citizenship in the Russian Federation by a foreign citizen or a person without citizenship, but residing in Russia, a package of documents will be required.

In accordance with the conditions for obtaining and the grounds set forth in the Federal Law, the required documents must be attached to the application.

If there is at least one parent who has the citizenship of the Russian Federation, then you will need:

parent's passport with marked registration at the place of his residence;
the applicant's birth certificate;
resident card;
confirmation of knowledge of the Russian language (if the applicant is not exempted from providing it for other reasons);
a document stating that there are legitimate incomes;
a document renouncing another citizenship (sometimes it is required to attach a receipt for registered mail). In cases where the applicant is not required by law to write a renunciation of citizenship, the document is not attached.

People who currently do not have citizenship, but were previously citizens of the USSR, can acquire citizenship in the Russian Federation if they live and lived on the territory of the former USSR

on the existence of a source of (legitimate) income;
about knowledge of the Russian language (if there is no exemption from its presentation);
a document certifying that its bearer was a citizen of the USSR some time ago. For example, such a document may be a birth certificate, which must be issued by a diplomatic mission, a registry office in the USSR or a consulate of the USSR. If the birth certificate was obtained in another state, a document will be required that would confirm that the person submitting the application belonged to the citizenship of the USSR in the past. Such a document may be a certificate or official data provided by the authorized body of another state that was formerly part of the USSR.
resident card.

If a citizen of a foreign state, which was once included in the territory of the USSR, received a diploma of higher education or secondary vocational education in an institution of the Russian Federation later than July 1, 2002, then the following documents will be required:

about the availability of this education (for example, a bachelor's, specialist's, master's degree and an appendix to it);
confirmation that the educational process took place entirely on the territory of the Russian Federation;
about the presence of legal income;
on renunciation of former citizenship (sometimes a receipt for a registered postal item is needed);
resident card.

An application may be rejected if the person submitting it:

Represents a threat to the security of the Russian Federation or is a supporter of a violent change in the foundations of the Constitution of Russia and the constitutional order.
Provided false documents or information about yourself.
Previously, he was expelled from the Russian Federation, in accordance with the norms of federal law, and since then the five-year period has not passed. The application for the restoration of the status of a citizen of the Russian Federation is rejected.
He is in military service or in the ranks of law enforcement forces, as well as security agencies of another country. This norm works in accordance with the treaty of the Russian Federation (international).

Convicted for acts committed, which, in accordance with federal law, are considered criminal, if the term of punishment has not yet expired.
Has an outstanding and unexpunged conviction for a crime that took place in Russia or outside the Russian Federation. At the same time, the nature of the crime is determined by federal law.
Wanted in the course of criminal prosecution, which can be carried out with the help of the competent authorities located on the territory of the Russian Federation and outside of Russia. In this case, the actions of a person are recognized as criminal based on the norms of federal law, while the verdict itself is not pronounced.

Residents of states near and far abroad, if they wish to obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation, must follow certain procedures, as well as provide a package of documents provided for by the current rules and regulations of the law. The absence of all the necessary papers is a reason for refusing to grant citizenship.

In 2019, the list of documents for obtaining Russian citizenship differs depending on which country the applicant is a resident of at the time of application submission. The policy of the state is considered relatively loyal to the admission of new citizens, therefore, with strict observance of all requirements, in the vast majority of cases, petitions are satisfied.

There are several ways to become a citizen, which differ from each other in the list of papers provided. Separate their types:

On a universal basis;
For residents of the CIS;
Simplified;
For military personnel under the contract;
For native Russian speakers.

There are a lot of non-residents in Russia who have received a TRP or a residence permit. They have legal status, economic rights, but no political powers and other restrictions. To expand their capabilities, an effective solution is to obtain the status of a Russian citizen.

Although the list of papers in each of these cases is different, all require payment of a state duty, the amount of which in 2019 is 3,500 rubles. At the same time, in order to pay it to the bank, you need to contact the completed form PD-4.

In its columns by hand you need to enter:

Payment name and recipient details;
information about the payer;
The amount paid;
Taxpayer identification number;
BIC of the beneficiary's bank;
The name of the beneficiary's bank;
Correspondent bank account number;
Transfer amount.

The column on the amount for bank transfer services is not filled in, since it is calculated by the cashier at the time of the payment. At the end of the form, the date of contacting the bank is put.

List of papers for entry into citizenship on a general basis

Candidates who, at the time of application, have a five-year period of residence in Russia, have acquired an official source of income and are ready to renounce their old citizenship, can be enrolled in Russian citizenship.

To do this, you must present:

A completed application form with personal data;
Residence permit in Russia;
Passport with a residual validity of more than 6 months;
Birth certificate;
Extract from the house book;
Copy of personal account;
Diploma Apostille;
Renunciation of second citizenship;
Original and translation of the pension certificate, if any;
The original and a copy of the certificate of defense of the Russian language exam;
Receipt for payment of the fee.

A package of documents for residents of the CIS countries

A special procedure is provided for residents of countries that are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Statement;
Passport and its copy;
Birth certificate;
A copy of the migration card;
Photos in the amount of 4 copies;
A copy of the school certificate or diploma of education;
Certificate of permanent residence in the territory of one of the CIS countries;
Information about relatives living in the Russian Federation;
A notarized copy of the departure sheet;
Birth certificate of minor children with their photographs.

Documents for obtaining citizenship in a simplified manner

Stateless persons, as well as residents of other states permanently residing in Russia, can obtain citizenship under a simplified regime.

For this we provide:

Identification document;
Certificate of citizenship or its absence;
Certificate from the place of permanent residence;
3 photographs of the established standard;
Receipt for payment of duty.

Documents for obtaining residence by persons undergoing military service under a contract in the army of the Russian Federation

The law provides for a special procedure for entry into citizenship by non-resident military personnel. For this, a prerequisite is the presence of the fact of service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for at least 3 years.

Documents required to provide:

Petition of the central authority of the WU;
with consent to withdraw from the previous citizenship;

For military personnel, there is no need to obtain a residence permit before becoming a citizen of Russia. This is one of the easiest and most trouble-free ways to become a Russian citizen.

List of papers for entry into citizenship by native speakers of the Russian language

The law provides for a separate procedure for enrolling as citizens of the Russian Federation persons who have the legal status of native speakers of the state language. In this case, you need to go through 2 stages of registration. The purpose of the first is to obtain the status of a carrier, and the second is to directly submit documents for the issuance of citizenship.

Initially, you need to contact the relevant commission and provide:

A document confirming the right of residence on the territory of the Russian Federation;
Papers proving the fact of permanent residence in Russia or the USSR;
Documents certifying family ties in ascending line with residents of the Russian Federation.

After the issuance of the appropriate status, a direct application is already made for entry into citizenship.

To do this, you need to collect and provide:

Statement;
Justification of sources of income;
from existing citizenship of another country.

Nuances of drawing up an application for citizenship

Although the current policy of the Russian Federation is loyal to persons who seek to obtain citizenship of the country, however, there is a high percentage of refusals in this application. The reason for this is the incorrect filling of documents, in particular the application itself.

When filling out the application for citizenship, it is important to comply with the following requirements:

Apply a special form;
Use only the state language;
Write in legible handwriting, printed or capital letters;
Do not use abbreviations and underscores;
Provide complete and accurate information to the questions asked.

Correction, as well as the use of corrective means for painting over errors, is not allowed. If there are typos, you need to take another sheet and rewrite everything again.

In the form valid in 2019, special attention should be paid to paragraph No. 15. It includes data on the performance of labor activity and study for the last 5 years. In the event that there were facts of downtime, then it is necessary to enter the dates of their beginning and end with the corresponding inscription “did not study” or “did not work”.

How and where to get a certificate of knowledge of the Russian language

Applicants for citizenship are required to provide a certificate of language proficiency. This document confirms the successful completion of the test. Candidates are required to know a minimum of 1,300 words in Russian.

The procedure for obtaining a certificate is mandatory for all persons, except:

Elderly people;
Persons with proven incompetence;
Disabled people of the first group.

To obtain a certificate for citizenship, you must apply for testing at one of the centers located in educational institutions included in the testing system. When registering for a knowledge test, a receipt for payment for this procedure is provided. After the testing is completed, a certificate is issued by the certification authority.

The test is similar to a language exam at school. It is divided into five parts:

Reading;
Letter;
Vocabulary and grammar;
listening;
Oral speech.

The test takes 3 hours and 15 minutes. There are short breaks between exams. To obtain a certificate, it is required to answer at least 66% of the questions posed. If two subtests fail, the exam is considered failed. It can be taken again, so the situation can be corrected later.

Documentation requirements

It is very important that the documents conform to the established model. Please make sure that the papers submitted with the application meet the following requirements:

Have the same written last name, first name and patronymic of the applicant on each sheet;
Displayed full genuine information;
Have not expired;
Completed with a notarized translation, if the submitted sample is filled out in another language;
They had easy to read information.

You can translate documents in a translation agency, many of which also provide notarization services at the same time. The term for making translations usually does not take more than a few days.

Where to apply and deadlines for consideration of applications

The completed application form and the entire list of documents must be submitted personally by a person interested in obtaining citizenship. RF does not accept papers by mail or sent via the Internet. If personal appeal is impossible, in certain cases it is envisaged to involve a trustee, but only if there is a notarized power of attorney.

Submitted documents are considered within 1 year from the date of submission. The application may be satisfied by the decision of the authorized bodies or as a result of the issuance by the President of the relevant decree on the admission of a foreigner to Russian citizenship. After the approval of the application, the law provides for a one-month period for notifying the candidate by mail.

You can get a document confirming the citizenship of the Russian Federation in your hands after a maximum of 13 months. Usually this procedure does not take so long. Under the general procedure, it is about 6 months, and for persons participating in the resettlement program - 1 month.

How long to wait - actually depends on the workload of applications. Since in case of refusal you can lose a lot of time, to reduce the likelihood of such an outcome, it is better to resort to the specialized help of companies providing such services.

For entry into the citizenship of the Russian Federation, a number of conditions are provided that cannot be called very strict, especially in comparison with European countries. However, they must not only be observed, but also provide appropriate documentary evidence. It is very important to pay attention to the preparation of a package of documents and filling out an application. The absence of errors is the key to obtaining a passport of a citizen of Russia.

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every person born within its territorial affiliation, and at the same time having at least one parent - a Russian, automatically receives citizenship of this country. The situation is much more complicated when it comes to foreigners. For this category of persons, the desire to live and work in our state is associated with a lengthy procedure for registering its citizenship. Let's try to figure out how this happens in practice.

The concept of Russian citizenship

Citizenship is a concept that regulates the relationship between a person and the country of which he is a citizen. In addition, the term defines the constitutional right of the population living on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The legislative relations of these two parties are of a public law nature and operate within the limits of the norms regulated by the basic official acts.

Who can expect to receive

The applicant should take into account the requirements, in case of non-compliance with which the application for entry into the citizenship of the Russian Federation will not be accepted for consideration already at the stage of the initial visit to the consular or migration services:

the presence of a temporary residence permit in the country;
adulthood and full physical and mental capacity;
the presence of a stable material income that will allow a person to secure a quality of life within the regional minimum subsistence level;
permanent housing is not necessarily your own apartment. There will be a lease agreement or accommodation with relatives who have real estate;
renunciation of previous citizenship - an exception: Kazakhstan, the Republic of Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. Relevant pacts have been signed between these countries;
knowledge of the Russian language and the ability to speak and write fluently in it - your skills will need to be confirmed by passing a special test, which will reveal the level of knowledge of the candidate.

Grounds for obtaining citizenship

The grounds for obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation are:

upon birth - for this, at least one of the parents must be the owner of this status. The second may be a citizen of another country or not at all;
on a general basis - the rules, and the procedure will be discussed below;
under the simplified procedure;
at birth in the RSFSR at the time of the republic's membership in the Soviet Union;
marriage with a Russian;
disabled applicant in the presence of a minor dependent with citizenship;
earlier, citizenship of the Russian Federation already took place, but for a number of reasons a person refused it upon the fact of the collapse of the USSR;
a foreigner who has no legal obstacles to changing status - while he must be ready to formally renounce his current citizenship.

General procedure for receiving

The standard scheme is used in situations where the candidate does not have the legal prerequisites for accelerated status. Under the general procedure, one should understand the entry into the citizenship of the Russian Federation upon the fact of five years of residence in its territorial limits.

Important! This period is not the only condition under which you can apply for a Russian passport.

The general scheme of actions of a foreigner in the standard version of the procedure:

crossing the state border of Russia - the person entering must have a visa permit and a migration card, where a mark on his arrival will be entered;
registration - within a week, you must contact the nearest migration department and notify the authorities of your arrival;
obtaining a TRP - collect a package of documents, submit it to the FMS and pay the fee. After two months, a decision will be made on this fact. If it is positive, the person will receive a TRP for a period of 36 months. The document cannot be sold after the specified period;
residence permit - the procedure is issued through the same authorities. A petition, documents and an application are submitted. It will be considered within six months, after which a person will receive the right to stay on the territory of the state for 5 years;
registration of a new status and obtaining a passport.

Simplified order

Amendments were made to the current Federal legislation in 2014, according to which certain categories of persons can become citizens of Russia under an accelerated scheme.

First of all, these are people who were born and lived on the territory of the Soviet Union before its collapse. They should only document their residence within the Russian Federation as a member of the USSR.

In addition, the simplified procedure also applies to those who have entered into an official marriage with a citizen of the country. Having lived in this status for 3 years, a person has the right to apply for citizenship.

Persons who have direct relatives - Russians, as well as those who study or previously studied at state higher educational institutions within the already former USSR, also have a legal right to this.

In this video, a lawyer will tell you how to obtain Russian citizenship in a simplified manner for native speakers:

What documents are needed for citizenship

To obtain a Russian passport, the applicant will need a fairly impressive list of papers, documents, various certificates and approvals, and this list can be expanded for each category of citizens, depending on personal compliance with the required selection criteria. For this reason, the list should be checked with employees of migration structures, or you can ask a question online through the official website of the representative office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

The standard list looks like this:

application of the established form;
receipt of payment of the state duty;
photographs that comply in size and quality with applicable regulatory requirements;
a document, at a given moment in time, proving the identity of the applicant;
extract from the place of residence;
in the case of a change of surname due to marriage - a certificate of its conclusion.

Where to apply?

If the person concerned is located and lives in Russia at the time of submission of documents, a person can apply with a corresponding request to the departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs dealing with issues of migration and citizenship. This can be done both in person and through a single portal of public services.

When a candidate is abroad, a foreigner should contact the official representative office of the Russian Federation in the country where he currently resides and whose passport he has. You need to visit the consulate in person and go through a preliminary conversation with its employee.

For what reasons can they refuse?

At the legislative level, a list of reasons has been drawn up according to which a candidate for a new status may be denied an application:

disagreement with the basic provisions of the constitutional state system;
within the period allotted for residence within the country, a person was forcibly expelled for various violations of the Federal Law;
personal data is distorted or the fact of forgery of documents is revealed;
being in the military service of another country;
outstanding conviction;
membership in groups whose activities are terrorist in color, threaten the security of the population and are illegal on the territory of the state.

Note! In case of refusal for any of the listed reasons, this decision should be regarded by the applicant as final and without the possibility of appeal and revision.

Re-submitting an application is allowed only if it is filled out incorrectly or if some documents are missing.

Cost and terms

According to the Federal Law, in particular, 41 of its articles, the period during which the application must be considered is no more than six months from the date of filing the relevant application. Moreover, if inaccuracies, errors occur during the verification of documents, or their list is incomplete, the specified period may be extended for another 90 days, after which the final decision must be made.

These terms relate to the general procedure for processing the procedure. If we talk about its simplified scheme, then it takes about 9 months for all stages.

What is the asking price? The cost of the fee is 3,500 rubles for an adult, and 1,000 rubles for a child. If the applicant seeks help from law firms that provide full support for the process, the price for their services is quite high, and, unfortunately, often not justified, as it is not able to affect the timing and final result.

Restoration of citizenship: is it possible?

One of the options for obtaining citizenship is to restore it. This kind of acquisition of citizenship is possible if a person already had a Russian passport in the past. At the same time, one should distinguish between the fact of birth on the territory of the Russian Federation and the presence of its citizenship - in the first case, it is impossible to claim the restoration of what was not.

Important! If a person has previously officially issued a refusal, then he no longer has the right to apply for his restoration in the lost status.

Based on the validity of treaties of international importance, as well as on the fact of adoption or adoption, as a result of which a person is forced to change citizenship, the issue of restoration, as a rule, is resolved positively.

As for the rules, requirements and procedure for the procedure, they are similar to the standard scheme for becoming a citizen.

Conclusion

Every year, there are only more people who want to get a coveted passport. There are many reasons why people change their former place of residence and undergo a complex procedure for changing their status. Depending on the motive and specific requirements and factors, the procedure for conducting the procedure for entering the citizenship of the Russian Federation is determined.

Attention!

Due to changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation, the information in the article could be out of date! Our lawyer is ready to advise you free of charge - write a question in the form below:

If a person was born in the Russian Federation, has at least one Russian parent, then he automatically acquires civil status.

Things are different with foreigners who wish to become Russians. To speed up the procedure for acquiring a passport, you can do citizenship in an expedited manner.

However, this requires appropriate grounds.

People who:

have at least one Russian parent living in Russia;
had Soviet citizenship in the past, now live in the CIS, while not having any citizenship;
born in the RSFSR and had Soviet civil status;
are in a marriage union with a Russian (the duration of the marriage union must be more than three years);
have Russian children who have reached the age of majority and who have been declared legally incompetent by a court decision (the 2nd parent, who is a Russian, has died, gone missing or lost parental rights);
are incompetent, have able-bodied Russian children who have reached the age of majority;
received secondary specialized/higher education after July 1, 2002 and worked in Russia for at least three years;
conduct business in Russia for at least three years (the turnover of the company must be more than ten million rubles);
make investments in the Russian economy (their share must be at least ten percent, and the size of the net assets of the organization is not less than one hundred million rubles) or have paid taxes in excess of six million rubles;
three years after filing an application for registration of civil status, they worked in Russia as highly qualified specialists.

Simplified order for native Russian speakers

In the summer of 2014, amendments were made to the act “On Citizenship”, according to which foreigners who are considered native speakers of the Russian language are entitled to acquire Russian civil status in an expedited manner.

is a foreigner who speaks Russian and uses it in everyday speech(provided that the foreigner or his relatives live / lived in the Russian Federation / USSR / RSFSR).

An application for obtaining the status of a native speaker of the Russian language must be submitted no later than than 90 days before the expiration of the period of residence in the territory of the Russian Federation.

If the foreigner failed the test, he has the right to re-apply (not earlier than one year from the date of the test). The decision to grant the status of a native speaker of the Russian language is valid for one year.

Foreigners recognized as native speakers of the Russian language are entitled to apply for an expedited registration of Russian civil status if:

made a commitment to comply with the provisions of the Constitution;
have official income;
renounced citizenship to their country.

Who else can apply for a simplified system in the Russian Federation

There are several other groups of migrants who can receive civil status in an expedited manner:

foreigners who are recognized as legally incompetent, had a permanent residence permit in Russia before July 1, 2002, arrived from states formerly included in the Soviet Union;
participants in the Great Patriotic War who had Soviet civil status and lived in Russia;
foreigners participating in the program for the resettlement of compatriots from abroad, who have a permanent residence permit in Russia.

Reference! In accordance with international agreements, Kyrgyz and Kazakh residents are entitled to receive Russian civil status in an expedited manner.

Reason for receiving in 2018

To obtain Russian citizenship, required to have an official source of livelihood. In addition, it is required to know the Russian language, have a residence permit and continuously live in the state for at least 5 years.

However, this applies only to those who receive civil status in Russia on a general basis. Foreigners applying for citizenship in a simplified manner are relieved of the need to obtain and reside in the Russian Federation for a five-year period.

Obtaining procedure

First you need to get a residence permit. It gives a foreigner the opportunity to legally live in the country with all the following benefits. A migrant has the right to legally work, find a job in an organization without issuing a special permit. He can also freely leave the state and enter back. A residence permit gives the right to receive an old-age pension.

To purchase, a foreigner needs to submit an application to one of the departments of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which is located at the address of his registration.

The Migration Service considers the application for about six months. If the decision is positive, a notification is sent to the migrant, obliging him to come to the division of the migration service to complete the registration process.

It is granted for a period that does not exceed the validity of the foreigner's passport (no more than five years).rvp

After the residence permit is issued and the established period of residence in the country has expired, the migrant needs to prepare documents for issuing a Russian passport. They are provided to the division of the migration service at the place of residence.

If a person does not live in the Russian Federation, a set of documents is submitted to the Russian embassy. In rare situations, when a foreigner is not able to submit documents personally, they are allowed to be sent by the postal service or through a trusted one. In such a situation, all signatures must be notarized.

List of documents and where to apply

Previously, in order to obtain citizenship, it was necessary to apply to the Office of the Federal Migration Service. However, not so long ago it was disbanded, shifting the functions of this structure to the Main Directorate for Migration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It is in the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs that a migrant who wants to become a citizen of the Russian Federation needs to submit documents.

To obtain a residence permit you will need:

Petition (2 copies). Compiled in Russian. It is not allowed to correct completed fields.
Photograph of the applicant (four pieces) in passport size.
Passport of a foreign citizen.
Documents that contain data that a person has an income sufficient to live in the country (bank statement, account statements, certificate from an employing organization or social security institution, certificate of a pensioner).
A medical certificate from a medical institution confirming that the migrant does not have dangerous diseases.
Documentary evidence of the presence of housing. It does not have to be real estate that is owned. You can provide a contract for renting an apartment or a house.
A payment confirming the payment of the state fee in the amount of three and a half thousand rubles.

To obtain citizenship, you will need:

Petition (2 copies).
Photo of the applicant (four pieces).
A copy of the previously issued residence permit, certified by a notary.
Birth certificates, marriage certificates, as well as their copies, which are notarized.
Document on education (translation must be certified by a notary office).
Renunciation of existing civil status. Filling is performed in 2 copies. 1 of the copies is sent by the postal service to the embassy of the migrant's home state.
For a child who is fourteen years of age, his consent will be required.
For a child who has not reached the age of fourteen, the consent of the 2nd parent will be required.
Medical certificate.
Certificate of pensioner (photocopy with translation, which is notarized).
A payment that confirms that the migrant has paid the state fee.
If a person changed his full name, you must provide a photocopy of an extract from the registry office, certified by a notary.
A document confirming the successful completion of the language proficiency exam.

If the migrant has children, then each of them is provided with a copy of the birth certificate, which is notarized, or a photocopy of the passport. You will also need photos of children (four each).

Migrants who have reached retirement age are not required to undergo testing and confirm their own knowledge of Russian. In addition, citizens of states in which Russian is considered an official language, for example, Belarusians, are not required to take the exam. It should be noted that the exam is paid (five thousand five hundred twenty-five rubles).

Terms of registration

Obtaining civil status in Russia is a long process, but it can be accelerated if there are grounds for acquiring Russian civil status in an expedited manner. A residence permit is made for a period not exceeding six months. An application for citizenship is also considered for six months.

At the same time, it should be noted that in the standard procedure, registration of civil status in the Russian Federation can take about five years, while in the fast track citizenship is done in about a year. The advantages of registering citizenship in the Russian Federation in an expedited manner are obvious.

Some of the citizens of other countries wishing to move to Russia will be able to obtain citizenship in a simplified manner. The main thing is compliance with all the conditions prescribed in the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Who is eligible for Simplified Citizenship?

Based on Article 14 of Federal Law No. 62 “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation”, the following categories of foreigners can obtain a Russian passport:

Having a father or mother, who lives in the Russian Federation with a permanent residence permit and a Russian passport.
Possessed a USSR passport, while having a registration or living in the countries of the former Soviet Union.
Born in the RSFSR, and received a passport of the Soviet Union.
They have been married to a Russian passport holder for at least 3 years.
They have an adult, able-bodied child with Russian citizenship, while being disabled themselves.
Who has an adult son or daughter with Russian citizenship, whose other parent is considered dead or missing, deprived of parental rights or recognized as incapable or with limited legal capacity.
They have an adult child, holder of a Russian passport and recognized as incapable or limited in capacity, the second parent of which is also incapacitated or limited, considered dead or missing, or deprived of the rights of a parent.
Those who, after July 01, 2002, received higher education, and at the same time worked in their specialty on the territory of the state for more than 3 years.
Individual entrepreneurs. Their capital should be from 10 million rubles.
Those who are recognized as a native speaker of the Russian language.

In addition, the following persons can apply for Russian citizenship (without obtaining a residence permit in the country):

Veterans of the Great Patriotic War who previously had a passport of the Soviet Union. At the moment, they must live within the borders of Russia. An important condition for obtaining is a temporary residence permit in the country, as well as registration.
Those who take part in the state program for the resettlement of compatriots on a voluntary basis. You will need to renounce early citizenship, as well as take a residence permit in the country.
Disabled residents of the countries of the former USSR who arrived in the country and had a residence permit on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Procedure

2019 brought practically no changes to the process of granting citizenship in a simplified manner. The differences from the algorithm of actions in 2018 are minimal. The receipt scheme looks like this:

The first step is to legally cross the borders and arrive on the territory of Russia.
Get a migration card from customs officers.
Check in.
Put a mark on arrival on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Submit documents for a residence permit.
Obtain consent to grant a temporary residence permit.
Submit a document to the migration service, which will confirm the legality of stay on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Submit all documents for registration of a Russian passport. Papers are submitted to the territorial department of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Fill out an application for citizenship, receive a receipt for payment of the state fee and pay it.
Submit a receipt and application, and then wait for consideration and a decision.
With a positive answer, get a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.

Note! For employment, it is not necessary to wait for the end of the procedure and obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation. A person can get a job immediately after receiving a residence permit.

Terms of registration

The time for obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation under the simplified procedure is less than under the general one. For comparison: under normal conditions, a foreigner will need to live in the territory of the state for at least 5 years, constantly renewing his residence permit, after which he will have to wait about a year for his application for citizenship to be considered. The simplified procedure will take less than one year, and the period for consideration of the application by the migration services will be about six months.

The terms of registration under the simplified procedure can be further reduced. This will happen if the applicant for Russian citizenship under the simplified procedure is a citizen of Belarus, Kyrgyzstan or Kazakhstan. The fact is that an international agreement was concluded between these three countries and the Russian Federation, and the processing time will be 3 months. However, with this method of obtaining a Russian passport, refusals are not uncommon, which follow for the following reasons:

Speeches for changes in the Constitution of the Russian Federation by force.
Participation in international, interethnic or military actions directed against Russia.
Participation in the preparation or conduct of illegal actions in which extremist directions were discovered.
There is a restriction on entry into the country due to deportation or administrative expulsion.
Use of forged documents during registration.
Being in the military service of another country.
The presence of a criminal record - outstanding or unexpunged.
Wanted for crimes.
Serving the sentence - imprisonment.

Note! If the reason for the refusal was eliminated, then you can try to appeal it. The most effective way to appeal is to file a claim with the court. The application must be filed no later than three months from the date of receipt of the refusal. The term for consideration of the claim will be two months. If the court finds the refusal unlawful, the migration service will be obliged to prove its validity.

Required documents

To obtain a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, the applicant will need to issue and collect the following package of documents:

Application for obtaining Russian citizenship, in the amount of two copies.
Applicant's identity card.
A notarized copy of the applicant's residence permit.
Documented renunciation of citizenship in the previous country, two copies.
Receipt of payment of state duty.
Birth certificate.
If available, a marriage certificate.
Photos of the applicant. 3 pieces, 3x4 cm in size.
Certificate of education - certificate, diploma, certificate, etc.
When changing a name or surname in the past - documents confirming this fact.
Certificate confirming the presence of an official source of income in the territory of the Russian Federation.
If you have children, their birth certificates.
Confirmation of knowledge of the Russian language - a certificate of the Russian Federation, an exam certificate, etc.

By general order

If the applicant for a Russian passport has no reasons for obtaining one under the simplified procedure, the general procedure will be applied. There are few differences from the simplified method, and they are expressed as follows:

It takes twice as long to process an application. The term is about one year.
Permanent residence on the territory of the Russian Federation is required. The minimum residence period is five years.
The decision on the submitted application is made by the President.

Even taking into account the six-year period and other complexities of the procedure, there are still many people who want to apply for citizenship of the Russian Federation. After all, the conditions remain feasible, and everyone can achieve what they want.

Simplified order

If the applicant meets the conditions, then he will be able to use the simplified procedure for obtaining citizenship. However, here you can make a mistake when collecting documents. Some of them need to be certified by a notary, which is often forgotten. This applies to booms:

A copy of the marriage certificate.
Copy of birth certificate.

In addition, you need to ask the migration service officer in more detail about all the nuances of the procedure. It is possible that the current situation may have its own unique requirements, which is often to simplify the order. This will help to avoid further mistakes and problems with the acquisition of citizenship.

Voluntary resettlement assistance program for compatriots

If a person receives a passport under the resettlement assistance program, you must additionally provide a certificate of participation in it. If the applicant is a family member of the holder of this certificate, then a copy of it is provided.

Russian native speakers

This category of applicants, in addition to other package of documents, is additionally obliged to provide a document on recognition as a native speaker. The carrier also submits a document from his former state, which confirms the withdrawal from citizenship.

Minor children

For a child under 18 years of age, the following documents must be submitted:

Residence permit of the child.
Permission for temporary residence in the country.
Residence permit and residence permit for each parent.
Confirmation of registration in the Russian Federation. They can serve as a copy of the apartment card or an extract from the house book.
Documents for identification.
Notifications about the fact of crossing the borders of Russia by a foreign citizen.

Note! If during the procedure the child turns 18 years old, and he will have at least one parent with Russian citizenship, then you must additionally submit a Russian passport.

Adult foreigners who are considered capable, living in the territory of the Russian Federation on a residence permit and having a child with a Russian passport can also apply for citizenship of the Russian Federation. Here, the birth certificate and passport of the child will become important documents.

How to write an application in 2019

In 2018, the application form, approved back in 2002, changed, according to Presidential Decree No. 1325 and the law on citizenship (and on the simplified procedure) - Federal Law of December 27, 2018 No. 544-FZ. The changes turned out to be significant.

The application must be completed in two copies. It is required to submit it to the territorial migration service. It is allowed to apply to the consulate of the Russian Federation - if the applicant for Russian citizenship is outside the country.

The language of the application is exclusively Russian. It is written in the name of the head of the migration authority or consular service. The application can be filled out either by hand or by computer. The handwriting must be legible, and the computer font may be made bold and/or italicized for better clarity.

For some reasons, the application may be rejected:

If the signature on the application was affixed before its submission.
Before submission, photographs were pasted into it.
There are typos, traces of strikethrough or smearing.

The heading of the application consists of the full name of the state body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Further, the necessary basis for obtaining Russian citizenship is selected in the form, and the rest should be crossed out. You also need to indicate your motivation for obtaining a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.

After that, the applicant's data is written:

Date and place of his birth.
Current citizenship (if absent, this is indicated).
Nationality.
Data on renunciation of current citizenship.
Education.
Family status.
Information about relatives.
Sources of income.
Information about the place of residence.
Proficiency in Russian.

Note! Information about the applicant's service in the army must be described, as well as if he is wanted for criminal offenses and whether he was deported from Russia.

After that, data from the documents attached to the application are indicated, for example, the number of the applicant's residence permit, address of residence, etc. The list of documents is also indicated in the space provided on the forms.

Documents will be submitted only after the final filling of the application and together with a receipt - a certificate of payment of the state fee. If any of the conditions is violated, further problems with the decision on citizenship cannot be avoided.

When submitting documents, photographs are also subject to conditions that must be observed. The number of photos depends on the procedure by which the applicant will receive Russian citizenship. Upon receipt under the simplified procedure, you will need to submit three photographs, and under the general procedure - four. If the passport is issued for a minor child, then two photos are provided.

Other conditions for the photo are as follows:

Size - 3x4 centimeters.
They can be both color and black and white.
Photos must be of good quality so that the applicant can be easily identified.
In the photograph, the person must be without a hat. There is only one exception - if the headdress cannot be removed for religious reasons.
The applicant's face must be centered in the front-facing photograph. You cannot turn or tilt your head. The facial expression is natural, the smile is not appropriate.
Glasses in the photo are also prohibited, but not without exceptions. They can be left only if they are necessary for medical reasons, or are a mandatory part of the applicant's appearance.
Photo paper must be in tidy condition - no wrinkling or soiling is allowed.
Retouching is prohibited.
The background for the photo should not be too dark. Otherwise, the photos will be returned and new ones will have to be taken.

The departments of the migration service usually have their own photo salons, where they can take a photo exactly according to the rules. This is especially convenient when photographing children - since their appearance changes quickly and imperceptibly, it is better to take a photo as late as possible.

The application and photographs, as well as other documents when applying for citizenship of the Russian Federation, must be taken seriously and responsibly. This will save the applicant from unexpected problems and will not allow him to waste precious time correcting his own mistakes.

Russian Citizenship Exam

To obtain a Russian passport, any foreign person will need to pass the test for knowledge of the state language well. But the exam is held not only on this topic - you need to show your knowledge of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the history of the country.

You don’t have to show deep historical knowledge - it will be enough to answer simple questions about the times of the USSR, the 18th-19th centuries and Kievan Rus. More need to focus on the very level of Russian language proficiency. As a result of the examination process, the applicant will be given a certificate with the results, which is attached to the list of documents.

Without successfully passing the national language exam, no application from a foreigner will be approved. Educational institutions have the right to conduct testing, while only those included in the list of Min. RF education.

Note! The exam is subject to a fee. Before that, you need to register for the passage. The cost of citizenship tests in 2019 is 6 thousand rubles.

The minimum number of points you need to score to pass is 65 percent. Those who gain less percentage do not receive a certificate of successful completion of the exam. Such persons will have to register, pay for public services and be tested again.

Who does not need to take a test in Russian

There are people who do not need to take tests in Russian. These include:

Holders of secondary education who received it in the Soviet Union before its collapse (1991).
Those who received secondary education in the Russian Federation itself, or in another country. Only if the Russian language is registered as a state language in it.

Therefore, for example, citizens of Belarus do not have to pass this language test to obtain a Russian passport. And in the list of documents for submission, it will be enough for them to justify the fact of their citizenship and / or education.

In addition, the following categories of persons are allowed not to be tested:

Men who are 65 years of age or older.
Women who are 60 years of age or older.
People with a first degree disability.
Incompetent.

All other applicants for citizenship will have to pass the exam.

Conclusion

A simplified procedure for obtaining citizenship allows you to reduce the time of the procedure, as well as the number of documents. It is not available to all applicants. In 2018, the procedure has changed - new requirements for registration have been added.