When does a woman become a mother? It turns out not when she gives birth to a child, but when pregnancy occurs.

Everyone knows that pregnancy occurs after the sperm fertilizes the egg. At this moment, the gender of the child, character traits, who he will look like are determined. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube, where the egg is released from the ovary. The process of release of the egg from the ovary is called ovulation and occurs on the 12th-16th day of the menstrual cycle. After fertilization, the egg continues its movement through the fallopian tube to the uterus, where it enters after a few days. All this time it is actively sharing and growing.

In the uterus, the egg begins to implant - attach to its wall. The mucous membrane of the uterus under the influence of hormones prepares for this, becomes swollen and loose. The egg “embeds” into it, blood vessels begin to sprout and the chorion, the rudiment of the placenta, is formed. Actually, this is no longer just a fertilized egg - it is an embryo around which a shell filled with liquid is formed.

Approximately 14 days after conception, implantation ends, and, through the formed blood vessels, the embryo sends a powerful signal to the body about pregnancy. The hormonal restructuring of the mother's body begins in order to normally endure and give birth to a baby. The hormonal background becomes so different that some doctors even call pregnant women the “third” sex. So, for example, the concentration of chorionic gonadotropin - the main hormone of pregnancy - increases sharply in the first months of pregnancy, and it grows especially rapidly in the first days after conception. Therefore, the concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin in the blood is an important diagnostic sign of pregnancy. This hormone increases the production of another important hormone during pregnancy - progesterone.

This time just coincides with the first days of delayed menstruation. Someone begins to pull on the "salty", someone begins to feel sick from the usual smell of perfume, someone wakes up with a wolfish appetite. Some become whiny, irritable, get tired quickly and want to sleep all the time. Often there are signs of toxicosis - nausea, especially in the morning. But the most accurate indicators of pregnancy are the absence of menstruation and breast enlargement.

Many women, after they find out about their pregnancy, begin to remember with horror that they drank alcohol at their husband's birthday party, smoked or took some kind of medication. Naturally, they are worried about how this will affect the health of the unborn child. Specialists in such cases reassure pregnant women - in the early stages, the law "all or nothing" applies. If the damaging effect on the fetus is too great, then the pregnancy is terminated by itself. And if the pregnancy develops normally, then everything is fine with the baby too. In addition, as can be seen from the above, the first days after conception, the child is not attached to the mother's circulatory system, and therefore harmful substances do not enter it.

Stages of a long journey

Embedded in the uterus, the embryo grows very quickly. In the first three months, the laying of all the organs and tissues of the child takes place, so at this time it is very important to limit all harmful effects on the mother's body. Limit the intake of any medications, alcohol, do not smoke, eat healthy food, get enough sleep, do not overwork. Very useful are long walks in the fresh air, as well as easy physical activity.

At 12 weeks, all organs of the body of the embryo are laid, then they only grow. He already has eyes, ears, nose, mouth, arms and legs with fingers, all internal organs. It is already clearly clear whether it will be a boy or a girl, there are leukocytes and hemoglobin in the blood. Muscles begin to develop - the child is actively moving, although the mother does not yet feel these movements, since he is still too small.

At 16 weeks, the placenta is fully formed - the organ that supplies the baby in the uterus with nutrients and oxygen. In addition to the function of nutrition, the placenta also performs protective and hormonal functions. The protective function is that it creates a so-called placental barrier through which many substances harmful to the child do not pass. After 16 weeks, the placenta fully takes over the provision of hormonal levels that support pregnancy. That is why hormonal drugs prescribed for the threat of miscarriageare canceled at the same time.

Will the baby suffocate with amniotic fluid?

The umbilical cord connects the child to the placenta - a strand of connective tissue, inside which there are three vessels - two arteries and one vein. By the way, the number of vessels is an important diagnostic sign of congenital pathologies, so doctors always carefully consider them during an ultrasound examination. Through the vein, blood saturated with oxygen and nutrients from the mother's body enters the child, and through the arteries it returns back.

Inside the uterus, the child does not use the lungs for breathing - oxygen immediately enters his blood from the mother. Therefore, before birth, the lungs are "turned off" from the blood circulation, the child often swallows amniotic fluid into them and hiccups. This is not to be feared, so he trains the breathing movements.

Immediately after birth, when the child takes a real first breath, the lungs expand, and, in the future, breathing is carried out only through them, as in all adults. This becomes possible because a special valve called the “oval window” closes at the outlet of the heart, and blood begins to flow along a different path - through the lungs.

What happens to the body of a pregnant woman

In the meantime, the child “breathes” through the placenta, forming with it a single system “mother and child”. It should be noted that the mother's body during pregnancy can withstand a tremendous load. After all, a growing child needs a lot of oxygen and nutrients. The uterus, mammary glands, the amount of amniotic fluid increases. All this requires an increase in blood volume in the body, which naturally leads to an increase in the load on the heart, kidneys and liver.

Due to the increase in blood volume, it is somewhat "diluted", which leads to a decrease in hemoglobin - this is called physiological anemia. The WHO considers the hemoglobin content in pregnant women to be 105 g/L as the lower limit of the WHO norm. There is no need to be afraid of a slight increase in blood clotting indicators - this is how the body prepares for childbirth in order to reduce possible blood loss.

The mother's kidneys and liver work for two in the truest sense of the word. They neutralize and remove from the body only “their” metabolic products, but also the metabolic products of the child. Therefore, it is very important to eat right, drink enough fluids so as not to increase the already serious burden on these organs. In addition, it is necessary to regularly take a urine test to monitor the functioning of the kidneys.

The work of the digestive tract in pregnant women also changes. This is mainly due to the effect on the intestines of the hormone progesterone. Progesterone relaxes the smooth muscles of the body - blood vessels, uterus, intestines. Therefore, the intestines become "sluggish", constipation occurs. This problem can be solved with the help of foods rich in fiber - bread, wholemeal flour, a large amount of raw vegetables and fruits. If such a diet does not help, you should definitely consult a doctor.

In the second half of pregnancy, the growing uterus begins to move the internal organs from their usual places. The stomach, for example, moves upward and is compressed. This can cause the contents of the stomach to enter the esophagus and cause heartburn. In this case, alkaline mineral waters and frequent, but fractional meals will help.

The bladder is also squeezed, besides its tone is reduced due to the already described action of progesterone. But now much more urine is produced. Therefore, it is very important for pregnant women to empty the bladder often in order to prevent the inflammatory process.

Strong weight gain increases the load on the spine, on the legs. On average, a woman gains from 10 to 18 kilograms during pregnancy. Moreover, those who were thin and slender before pregnancy recover more often. This is due to the amount of fat reserves necessary for normal gestation, childbirth and feeding the child. Those who did not have them quickly deposit these reserves on the hips and buttocks.

When does labor start

Almost all pregnant women, without exception, are concerned about the readiness of the child to “go out”. In other words, when the child has developed so much that he can safely survive outside the mother's body. It is generally believed that babies born after 28 weeks are fit enough to survive after birth. But, probably, it was not in vain that nature determined the gestational age at 38-42 weeks. It is during this period that the child manages to mature enough to be born without harm to himself and his mother and continue his further development already outside the uterus.

Around the age of 34-36 weeks, the baby's lungs begin to produce a special substance - surfactant, which prevents the lungs from collapsing when exhaling. Thus, after this period, the child can breathe on his own. But at this age, the child still cannot maintain and properly regulate his body temperature. He's too skinny for that. Therefore, the remaining time before childbirth, he accumulates fat in the subcutaneous tissue.

Much is known about how the body of a child and mother prepares for childbirth. But it is still unknown what actually starts the birth process. By childbirth, the mother's body releases endorphins, which help her overcome the pain of childbirth, and the child survive the birth stress. Adrenal hormones also help the child survive the birth stress. The hormone relaxin is involved in the preparation of the birth canal of a pregnant woman - it softens the ligaments and makes the muscles more elastic. The release of the hormone oxytocin causes uterine contractions - contractions.

Thus, the body of both the mother and the baby is perfectly prepared for childbirth. Therefore, it is very important that childbirth begins and is carried out independently, without artificial stimulation and anesthesia. In this case, they will be the most painless for all participants in the process. Of course, sometimes stimulation and anesthesia are needed for medical reasons, but it is better not to abuse them unless absolutely necessary. After all, the best result of pregnancy and childbirth is a healthy baby, and a real mother will always try to do everything possible for this.

Pregnancy, perhaps, is exactly the state that every woman awaits with trepidation.

It's just amazing when you know and feel how a little man grows inside, or, but already loved and desired.

For many, this is such a long-awaited moment that, almost immediately after conception, they begin to listen to the behavior of their body in order to recognize the symptoms of pregnancy in time.

But it is unlikely that such a state can be recognized literally in the first days.

Early signs should be at least a week away.

But even in this case, it will not be a 100% guarantee of a positive result. A more accurate answer can only be given by a gynecologist, after a delay in menstruation, and not earlier than after 4-5 weeks, as a result of a complete examination.

There are several signs by which pregnancy can be determined.

They are divided into:

  1. doubtful, i.e. not giving any guarantee, but having a place to be,
  2. probable, which the doctor takes into account,
  3. reliable, confirmed by diagnostics.

Pregnancy symptoms are characterized by a set of certain physiological changes that occur in a woman's body.

Often, for many, even in the early stages, you can see the first signs that conception has occurred.

Doubtful signs

An ambulance call is required immediately so that it is possible to provide medical assistance in time to save the fetus.

In order not to confuse them with normal menstruation: such bleeding does not have to be profuse, but may be accompanied by either severe or unusually pulling pain in the lower abdomen.

Reliable signs

If you look at all these signs together, then we can confidently conclude that the symptoms of early pregnancy are very similar to a cold.

Therefore, in the first days of conception, it is quite difficult to determine most accurately whether a woman is in an interesting position. But how can you find out about conception even before the delay of menstruation, in the early stages?

  • This can help.

It shows the result already in the first 10 days, because. this hormone begins to be produced only after the embryo is fixed on the wall of the uterus.

Pregnancy is a physiological process in which a new human organism develops in the uterus of a woman, resulting from fertilization.

Pregnancy in women lasts on average 280 days(40 weeks, which corresponds to 9 calendar months or 10 lunar months). Pregnancy is also usually divided into 3 trimesters of 3 calendar months each.

Signs of early pregnancy

In the early stages, the diagnosis of pregnancy is established on the basis of doubtful and probable signs.

Doubtful signs of pregnancy- various kinds of subjective sensations, as well as objectively determined changes in the body, outside the internal genital organs: taste whims, changes in olfactory sensations, easy fatigue, drowsiness, pigmentation of the skin on the face, along the white line of the abdomen, nipples and areola.

Possible signs of pregnancy- objective signs from the genitals, mammary glands and when setting up biological reactions to pregnancy. These include: the cessation of menstruation in women of childbearing age, an increase in the mammary glands and the appearance of colostrum when squeezed out of the nipples, cyanosis of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix, a change in the shape and consistency of the uterus, an increase in its size.

You can first verify the presence of pregnancy at home using a rapid test for the content of the hormone chorionic gonadotropin in the urine of a woman (the test is carried out from the first day of delaying the next menstruation).

Confirm the fact of pregnancy allows.

Changes in the body of a pregnant woman

Numerous and complex changes occur in a woman's body during pregnancy. These physiological changes create conditions for intrauterine development of the fetus, prepare the woman's body for the birth act and breastfeeding of the newborn. Menstruation stops, mammary glands increase in volume, nipples darken.

Many pregnant women in the first trimester experience nausea, sometimes vomiting - these symptoms are commonly called. Weakness, drowsiness, heartburn, drooling, changes in taste, and frequent urination often occur. These disturbances of well-being are characteristic of a healthy and normal pregnancy.

Particularly large changes occur in the female genital organs. The uterus increases with each, the blood supply to the internal and external genital organs increases. The tissues swell, acquire elasticity, which contributes to their better stretching during childbirth. In the mammary glands, the number and volume of glandular lobules increase, their blood supply increases, they become tense, from the nipples. There is a sharp increase in the amount of gonadotropic hormones, as well as estrogens and progesterone, produced first by the corpus luteum (a temporary gland formed at the site of the follicle from which the mature egg came out) and then. Hormones secreted by the corpus luteum (progesterone and, to a lesser extent, estrogens) contribute to the creation of conditions for the proper development of pregnancy. The corpus luteum undergoes reverse development after the fourth month in connection with the formation of the hormonal function of the placenta.

For the management of pregnancy, it is necessary (3-4 weeks after the delay of menstruation), where the doctor conducts an examination and examination of the external and internal genital organs, and, if necessary, additional examinations are prescribed.

Sex organs during pregnancy

Uterus. During pregnancy, the size, shape, position, consistency and reactivity (excitability) of the uterus changes. The uterus gradually enlarges throughout pregnancy. The increase in the uterus occurs mainly due to hypertrophy of the muscle fibers of the uterus; at the same time, there is a reproduction of muscle fibers, the growth of newly formed muscle elements of the mesh-fibrous and argyrophilic "frame" of the uterus.

The uterus is not only a fetal place that protects the fetus from adverse external influences, but also a metabolic organ that provides the fetus with enzymes, complex compounds necessary for the plastic processes of a rapidly developing fetus.

Vagina during pregnancy, it lengthens, expands, the folds of the mucous membrane protrude sharper. The external genitalia loosen during pregnancy.

Lifestyle of a pregnant woman, regimen, nutrition and hygiene

The developing fetus receives all the necessary nutrients from the mother. The well-being of the fetus depends entirely on the health of the mother, the conditions of her work, rest, the state of the nervous and endocrine systems.

Pregnant women are exempt from night duty, heavy physical work, work associated with body vibration or adverse effects on the body of chemical agents. substances. During pregnancy, sudden movements, heavy lifting and significant fatigue should be avoided. A pregnant woman needs to sleep at least 8 hours a day. Walking before bed is recommended.

A pregnant woman must be carefully protected from infectious diseases that pose a particular danger to the body of the pregnant woman and the fetus.

During pregnancy, it is necessary to carefully monitor the cleanliness of the skin. Cleanliness of the skin contributes to the removal of metabolic products harmful to the body with sweat.

A pregnant woman should wash her external genitalia twice a day with warm water and soap. Douching during pregnancy should be administered with great caution.

During pregnancy, you should carefully monitor the condition of the oral cavity and make the necessary.

The mammary glands should be washed daily with warm water and soap and wiped with a towel. These methods prevent cracked nipples and mastitis. If, then they should be massaged.

maternity clothes should be comfortable and free: you should not wear tightening belts, tight bras, etc. In the second half of pregnancy, it is recommended to wear a bandage that should support the stomach, but not squeeze it.

A pregnant woman should wear shoes with low heels.

The process of the birth of a new life can only be compared with magic. A woman feels such transformations only in a special period. Not only her body, feelings, but also the awareness of the whole world is changing. Together with the child, the expectant mother goes through a huge stage from the appearance of one cell to the birth of a new inhabitant of the planet.

Pregnancy week by week, the development of the fetus and the sensations of a woman will make it possible to understand the changes that occur at the physiological and psychological level. The whole period will last 40 weeks, or 10 lunar months, each of which will have 28 days (full cycle).

1 week pregnant

Under the first week of obstetric terms, it is considered to be the last day of menstruation. During this period, conception does not necessarily occur, it can happen after 2 or 3 weeks, depending on the time of ovulation. You can learn about the onset of the long-awaited state only by measuring the basal temperature. At this time, home tests for blood donation for hCG will not show the true result. There are no obvious signs, the woman is still active, the body is only going through the preparatory stages.

Fertilization

The fusion of the egg and sperm takes place in the fallopian tube. As soon as fertilization has occurred, one main cell is formed - the zygote. It is she who is the basis of all systems and organs that will be laid and formed over 9 months. The first violent chemical reactions begin, an increased synthesis of special hCG hormones is observed on days 5-6. This will reduce the immune defense of the mother's body, to save the embryo.

  • get rid of bad habits, smoking, alcohol;
  • start eating right, the body should receive proteins, fats and carbohydrates in a ratio of 1: 1: 4, respectively;
  • avoid medical procedures associated with radiation, when taking medications, you should consult a doctor;
  • you may need multivitamins, including folic acid, it is advisable for the expectant mother to start the course even at the planning stage.

The feelings of a woman do not differ, she leads a habitual way of life, physiological changes will come a little later. But some, mothers, with a very developed intuition and sensitivity, can determine the exact onset of conception without tests and analyzes.

2 weeks pregnant

According to obstetric dates, this is the time of ovulation. During this period, after the end of menstruation, the body is actively preparing for reproductive function. The ovaries release an egg, if there are several, a multiple pregnancy can occur. Through the abdominal cavity it goes to the fallopian tube, the whole process is controlled by the hypothalamus. The egg cell waits for the onset of conception throughout the day. The sperm cell has a higher viability up to 5 days.

The time of ovulation falls in the middle of the cycle, if it consists of 28 days, then on the 14th day the egg matures. If conception did not happen, then after 2 weeks the unfertilized female cell is excreted during menstruation.

Feelings of a woman:

  • the hormonal background changes, sensitivity to smells may appear;
  • pulling sensations in the lower abdomen;
  • increased libido, development of sensuality and sexuality.

You can calculate the moment of ovulation using special pharmacy tests, or by measuring basal temperature!

These are optional symptoms, more often a woman does not notice such subtle processes that tune her body to motherhood.

3 weeks pregnant

In fact, this is the first week of the birth of the future life. Conception occurs as follows. The most active and strong sperm reach the egg in 1-2 hours, the rest are destroyed by the protective cells of the female reproductive system. The egg is many times larger than the sperm and consists of several membranes. The strongest and fastest gets inside, and fusion begins, with the formation of a unique set of chromosomes. The rest of the spermatozoa die.

The resulting zygote moves from the fallopian tube into the uterine cavity. At this time, it is nourished by protein compounds of tissues, as well as an internal supply. As soon as it is fixed on the walls of the uterus, the process of preparing the mother's body begins. Embryo implantation may be accompanied by scanty spotting, sometimes a woman simply does not notice them.

A woman's feelings depend on her sensitivity. Some people experience nausea, weakness, dizziness. The most important thing at this stage is to ensure sufficient intake of protein, folic acid, calcium and iron. Therefore, it is worth adjusting the diet and daily routine, overwork and stress can adversely affect the course of development.

4 weeks pregnant

During this period, the placenta and amniotic fluid begin to form, they will ensure the life of the baby. In addition, the head appears, 3 main layers are also laid, after which systems and organs will develop. Paternal genes are responsible for their formation.

Appearance of the embryo:

  • ectoderm - the formation of the brain;
  • endoderm - organs of the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid gland, liver;
  • mesoderm - musculoskeletal and circulatory system.

Mom's Feelings:

  • there is a sharp change in mood, drowsiness, or vice versa - a surge of energy;
  • increased irritability to smells, tastes;
  • nausea in the morning, dizziness;
  • the breasts may already increase, the sensitivity of the nipples will increase.

It will be possible to determine pregnancy using a test or ultrasound. During this period, you need to provide good nutrition, sparing regimen. It is important to take care of immunity, avoid attending mass events, and contact with patients.

5 weeks pregnant

The expectant mother is already beginning to suspect a new condition, because menstruation should have happened a week ago. In addition to psycho-emotional moments, there are other signs of conception.

Physiological changes in a woman:

  • the amount of secretions increases, normally they resemble mucus, like chicken protein, at this time a plug is formed that protects the fetus from infections until the moment of delivery;
  • heaviness and pain in the lower abdomen may signal the development of a threat, or be part of a natural process, in any case, a gynecologist's consultation is necessary;
  • fainting and dizziness indicate sharp jumps in sugar, so the entire daily diet should be divided into small portions, increasing the number of doses;
  • emotionally, instability is observed, fears, doubts, unrest for the assigned responsibility appear.

Child

The baby reaches a size of 1.7-2 cm, a large head and a small body give a resemblance to a tadpole. This is a very important period, as the laying of the spinal cord and brain takes place. A small heart beats and the blood cycle is carried out. At this time, it is important for the mother to continue taking folic acid for the normal development of the nervous system, to ensure proper sleep and rest.

6 weeks pregnant

This week, using ultrasound, you can measure the KTP (coccygeal-parietal size), its norm of 5-6 mm indicates proper development. In addition, in the pictures it will be possible to see the tubercles of the arms and legs, the laying of the fingers begins, they will soon become full-fledged limbs. In the meantime, the formation of the mouth, chin, cheeks.

Changes in the expectant mother:

  • hormonal changes begin to affect eating habits, hunger is constantly felt, or vice versa, foods cause nausea;
  • weight gain does not yet occur, if there is toxicosis, a woman may even lose weight;
  • if the discharge changes, is accompanied by a specific smell and discomfort, you need to urgently consult a doctor, the risk of fungal diseases is high;
  • the area in the lower abdomen may increase, which is easy to detect by clothing, the lack of muscle tone of the uterus gives such an effect.

Avoid any contact with chemicals, detergents, tobacco smoke. You should also not visit baths, beaches, solariums, pools.

7 weeks pregnant

The main feature is the replacement of the corpus luteum with the placenta, which by this time should be fully formed and perform its nutritional and protective functions. The risk is present if previous infections have led to abnormalities.

Fetal development by week of pregnancy description with photo:

  • grows by leaps and bounds, reaching a size of 1.8 cm and a weight of 2 grams;
  • both hemispheres of the brain have already been formed, the construction of the nervous system continues;
  • the body is exactly the size of the head, there is also a small tail on the coccyx;
  • blood circulation is completely improved, the placenta now supplies oxygen, nutrients, protects against the ingress of toxins, infections, pathogenic microflora;
  • the musculoskeletal system continues to form, fingers are visible, skeletal tissues turn into bone tissue, the embryo can bend its elbows and knees;
  • the heart already consists of 4 chambers, it pumps blood through a small organism;
  • a nose appears on the face, with nostrils, also the upper lip, the auditory system is formed, the rudiments of teeth are laid in the mouth;
  • the covers already consist of 2 layers, the upper one is the epidermis;
  • by the end of the seventh week, a mound appears between the limbs, a little later it will be possible to determine whether it is a boy or a girl.

The expectant mother is already beginning to feel all the difficulties of pregnancy. Toxemia, nausea and drowsiness can be accompanied by swelling, frequent urination, gas formation and disturbances in the digestive system. The baby develops very quickly, respectively, the uterus reaches the size of an orange, which is accompanied by heaviness and pressure in the lower abdomen. The areolas of the nipples darken, a line is outlined along the lower abdomen to the navel.

8 weeks pregnant

The main symptoms are clearly manifested, according to which inattentive women, forgetting about the delay, can accurately guess their position.

Main features:

  • the silhouette of a woman is noticeably rounded, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe abdomen, chest, hips, the gait becomes smooth, measured;
  • the condition of the skin will change, for better or worse depends on individual characteristics, or rashes and redness appear, or vice versa - the face will be clean, fresh, without a single speck;
  • taste preferences are quite original, the desire to eat something out of season occurs very often, or a pregnant woman becomes selective in food, stopping at just a few products.

The baby continues to grow, reaching about 2 cm, and weight 2-3 grams. Almost all systems are laid down, their further development continues. The tail disappears, the ability to randomly move arms and legs appears, he opens his fingers. Bones and joints become stronger every day.

The visual system is being formed, the embryo becomes less like an alien, the eyes are located closer to each other. On ultrasound, you can see the ear canal, the face has a clearer contour with barely noticeable facial expressions. At this time, the baby can already respond to touch.

9 week

This period characterizes intensive growth and transition from embryo to fetus. The head is still quite large and lies on the chest, arms and legs are well formed. The baby can move through the amniotic fluid as long as its small size (about the size of a grape) allows. The genitals are marked, but it is not yet possible to determine by ultrasound, you need to take a blood test.

It is important for a woman to still monitor her health, if bloody, yellow, green discharge appears, you need to see a doctor. Also, pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen should be alerted. The doctor may recommend a consultation with a geneticist, if necessary, a chorion biopsy is taken to detect developmental anomalies.

The diet should be dominated by fresh and high-quality products. If you suffer from heartburn, you should avoid spicy spicy dishes. Rosehip decoctions and green tea without sugar will alleviate toxicosis.

10 week

A calmer period begins, the expectant mother gets used to the new state, and the baby has already formed systems and organs, the development of the brain continues. Its weight approaches 7 gr., The head gradually begins to rise from the chest. The most amazing thing at this time is the development of the brain. The process occurs at an incredible speed, new chains of neurons are formed every minute. The fingers continue to lengthen, but the membranes between them remain. The main organs - the liver, kidneys, lungs, intestines, are located correctly, continue to improve. The synthesis of sex hormones begins, in girls - estrogen, in boys - testosterone.

The woman's breasts increase even more, the veins noticeably appear. The tummy is rounded enough to think about comfortable clothes. The uterus continues to grow with the baby, so the pressure on the pelvic organs increases. It is important to keep a positive attitude, pamper yourself with gifts, not worry about changing body shapes. It is worth picking up beautiful underwear, clothes in order to continue to feel beautiful and happy.

11 week

The baby already weighs about 11 grams, and the size is about 5-6 cm, according to the first ultrasound, you can determine the development of the fetus, its compliance with the standards. The heart beats very fast - 140 beats per minute. The growth of blood vessels in the placenta is activated, the child is growing rapidly and requires more nutrients. The auricles are formed, hair follicles are laid.

For expectant mothers suffering from toxicosis, gradual relief occurs. By week 14, morning discomfort should be gone. Increased urination is a normal response of the body to hormonal changes. You need to drink clean water, as well as healthy drinks, it is better to limit foods containing caffeine. You can also start (if there are no threats) to do fitness for pregnant women, and use oils for stretch marks, the most effective are almond, sesame, olive.

12 week

The end of the 3rd month makes you forget about the risks that have existed since the day the embryo was conceived. This is the time when a woman is already accustomed to a new state and can enjoy it. In appearance, there are noticeable transformations. The skin is fresher, more elastic, hair grows better, they have become thicker, silkier. Many pregnant women forget about rational nutrition, believing that everything can be afforded during this period.

  • you should forget about harmful fast foods, snacks, street food, spicy, spicy, fatty foods can lead to constipation, affect the baby's condition;
  • do not overeat, trying to fulfill the norm for two, excess weight complicates the process of childbirth and subsequent rehabilitation;
  • you need to forget about your own taste preferences, eating cottage cheese, fish, lean meats, nuts, fruits, vegetables.

The fruit reaches 5 cm, and the weight is about 12-14 grams. The lungs are gradually strengthened, the work of the gastrointestinal tract is getting better. The baby is trying to raise his head, he can already suck his thumb. There is sensitivity to pain, reacts to sounds.

13 week

The 2nd trimester begins, the same recommendations for nutrition and moderate physical activity remain. A woman may notice a completely blurred waist line, and a breast that has increased by several sizes. It is necessary to pick up special underwear, often discharges are observed from the nipples - this is colostrum. You can forget about frequent trips to the toilet, raising the uterus relieves discomfort. With the appearance of pulling pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, you need to contact a gynecologist. Allocations normally remain white, transparent, without pungent odors.

The child weighs from 15-20 grams, his height reaches 6-7 cm. The sensitivity of the baby is rapidly developing. It can respond to temperature changes, light, music, noise, pain.

Physiological development:

  • eyes move closer and closer to each other;
  • bones continue to harden, and muscles grow and improve;
  • the ears take shape;
  • a dream appears, it lasts only a few minutes;
  • motor activity includes various movements, in addition to bending, it can cross limbs, make chaotic swings.

14 week

All the fears and doubts gradually disappear in the expectant mother. She learns to enjoy the harmony of life, there is a reassessment of priorities. The uterus continues to rise, and the breasts grow. A woman already needs to pick up more loose and comfortable clothes. At this time, you should not indulge yourself with sweets, it is better to provide the child with high-quality protein. The average weight gain is 1.5-2 kg from conception, it is important to follow the clock and not overeat.

The baby continues to develop rapidly, reaching a weight of 50 grams, with a height of 10 cm. Expressed facial expressions appear, as well as sleep and wakefulness patterns. The respiratory system is trained, insulin production begins. Heart rate often depends on the behavior of the mother. Her bad habits and stress can lead to a noticeable increase in the fetal heart rate.

If you haven't had an ultrasound yet, now is the time. The doctor can accurately measure the parameters of the child, determine compliance with the standards.

15 week

The expectant mother continues to lead an active lifestyle, not forgetting to monitor her health.

Discomfort may be related to:

  • with the condition of the teeth, it is imperative to go to the dentist, cure caries, bleeding gums in order to prevent the occurrence of infection;
  • reduced immunity leads to respiratory diseases, it is important to limit trips to public places, if symptoms appear, the doctor will advise safe medicines;
  • weakness, the desire to relax, sleep - is typical for such hormonal changes, you should not deny yourself, because when the baby is born, sleep will become a luxury;
  • with an increase in veins, you need to choose the right shoes, you may need light gymnastics to relieve fatigue;
  • pain in the lower abdomen is not always associated with abnormalities, the growth of the uterus is reflected in the stretching of muscles and ligaments.

The baby reaches the size of an apple, his movements are still active, and his sleep is short. The eyes are still closed, but the optic nerves are formed, the child can distinguish between light and shadow. The first hairs break through, the sweat glands work.

16 week

The fetus becomes more and more like a baby. His body is covered with light fluff, the skin is still thin, vessels are visible. Height is 11-14 cm, and weight reaches 110 grams. The chemical composition of the blood changes, erythrocytes, platelets, lymphocytes appear, hemoglobin synthesis occurs. All features are already pronounced on the face, eyebrows and cilia are looming. The fetus is covered with a special white lubricant that protects the thin skin until the very process of childbirth.

The expectant mother continues to monitor her diet, sudden weight gains will lead to dangerous changes in pressure. The gait becomes like that of a duck, fatigue appears in the legs. If the pregnancy is not the first, you can already feel the movements of the fetus.

17 week

The performance of a woman decreases. She needs the support of her loved ones more than ever. Heaviness, pain in the sacrum, weight gain, affect the activity of the mother, her fatigue. From time to time it can throw into heat, then into cold, sudden mood swings are characterized by accumulated fatigue. The support of not only the husband, but also all relatives is important, someone can cook soup, someone can take the documents to the hospital.

The baby reaches a height of 13 cm, sleeps for more time, and then stretches and grimaces. Responds well to sounds, sharp, loud - frighten, mother's voice - will soothe. The pituitary and adrenal glands are actively working, in girls the formation of internal reproductive organs begins.

18 week

The tummy is quite pronounced and the mother has to choose sleeping positions, the left side is considered the most favorable for childbirth. A good appetite must be restrained, during this period there is a significant increase in weight. Carbonated drinks and large servings are fraught with constipation and bloating. A large need for calcium can affect the condition of the teeth, so the presence of fermented milk products in the diet is mandatory. Sensitivity of the breast, darkening and expansion of the areola, an increase in size, provoke depression. Do not despair, after childbirth, with a balanced diet, you will be able to quickly return to normal.

The child reaches 18 cm and weighs 200 gr. It is important to talk with the baby, it stimulates the development of his central nervous system. Mom can feel the first tremors during the period of activity, the musculoskeletal system develops. Unique prints have already appeared on the fingers.

19 week

Toxicosis and heartburn have finally receded, but a pregnant woman may be disturbed by itching of the skin of a growing abdomen. It is worth using special creams or oils to reduce sensitivity. With fatigue and cramps in the legs, Magnesia preparations may be prescribed. Relaxing exercises can help with back pain. It is important to alternate modes of activity and rest. If there are no threats and pathologies, you need to walk a lot, do what you can. Self-imposed bed rest can complicate the process of childbirth due to muscle weakness.

The child reaches 220-250 gr., sleeps most of the day, and during wakefulness you can feel his movements. If the mother walks, it is the baby that cradles, as soon as she lies down to rest, tremors are immediately felt. The sebaceous glands continue to produce a white protective lubricant.

At this time, it is necessary to pass a control urinalysis and a planned second ultrasound. On it, you can already accurately find out the gender and get a photo of the baby.

20 week

The rest period for the expectant mother, she enjoys her condition and blooming appearance. The tummy is small, neat, does not interfere with movement and doing the usual things. According to her feelings, a woman can understand how the baby develops. Strong intense shocks will be a signal of a lack of oxygen, you need to go out into the fresh air or ventilate the room. If this happens after physical activity, you need to lie down to rest, then the baby will calm down. A woman is recommended to already sleep on her side to avoid squeezing the veins. Foods rich in calcium and iron remain the basis of nutrition - beef, buckwheat, cottage cheese, spinach, prunes.

The kid weighs about 280 grams, his height is 22-25 cm, he can not only yawn and somersault, but also play. The legs become longer and more proportional to the body, the head gradually becomes smaller. The skin thickens and already consists of 4 layers, the protective lubricant continues to be produced. Nails appear on the arms and legs, the first hairs appear on the head.

21 weeks

The most interesting thing at this stage is the opportunity for the mother to form the future taste preferences of the child. If you eat spicy, spicy, salty sweet dishes, you will have to make a lot of effort after that so that the baby tries broccoli, buckwheat or carrots.

For mom, there are problems with flatulence, stress on the veins and appetite control. Extra pounds can lead to a large fetus and complications during childbirth. Small portions and frequent meals will save you from feeling hungry. Nails and hair have significantly accelerated growth, and their condition has changed for the better.

The child reaches a height of 26 cm, weight - 330-350 gr. Outwardly, he already looks like a newborn, it remains only to gain kilograms and grow. Amniotic fluid allows the baby to know what mom ate for lunch. When the fetus moves, noticeable tubercles may appear on the abdomen.

22 week

At this time, the stomach is already visible, even under outerwear, if there are no medical prescriptions, a woman can continue to lead a normal life. The condition of the skin improves, the expectant mother blooms. It is worth paying attention to puffiness, with fluid retention, you need to reduce the amount of salt. If physiological anemia is detected, additional tests are taken to make an accurate diagnosis. It is already necessary to undergo a planned ultrasound, determine the development of the fetus, as well as the condition of the placenta.

The child weighs about 410 grams, height - 28-30 cm. Large sizes make motor activity difficult, most of the time he is in a fetal position. The formation of the brain slows down, it is the turn of the nervous system to improve, neurons are fully formed.

23 week

You can still enjoy your rest period. Heartburn, toxicosis are in the past, now the main thing is not to gain excess weight. On average, a woman gains 5-7 kg by this time. The abdomen rises higher, the expectant mother may feel tension and fatigue in the lower spine. If this period falls on a hot summer, swelling is difficult to avoid. It is worth slightly reducing the amount of liquid, as well as avoiding salty foods, it is useful to put your legs on elevations - pillows during rest. If cramps occur, you need to abandon shoes on the rise, also enrich the diet with foods containing calcium, vitamin E.

Child development:

  • weight increased to 400-420 gr., but the fetus itself looks wrinkled, it will soon accumulate subcutaneous fat and all wrinkles will disappear;
  • the main processes that the baby is busy with are the absorption of nutrients in the liquid, and after excretion with urine, due to the frequent change of amniotic fluid, this is not dangerous for the child;
  • the preparation of the respiratory organs begins, they are not yet fully formed, but the child is already doing the first trial exercises;
  • sleeps most of the day, he has a phase of REM sleep, which means the ability to see dreams.

24 week

The baby, along with the stomach, is growing, this can lead to the appearance of stretch marks. They can be frustrating for women, especially bright red or brown ones. But after childbirth, with proper physical activity, it will be possible to return to its previous shape.

Expectant mothers feel great - the first dangerous trimester has passed, and the birth is still far away. It is quite possible to work, relax, chat with friends, go on picnics. There are recommendations on nutrition, as well as the correct distribution of time - active mode and sleep.

  • if the doctor puts the breech presentation of the fetus, do not be upset, before the birth he will change his position;
  • the baby has grown to 25 cm and weighs about 500 grams;
  • inhales and exhales, but oxygen continues to flow through the umbilical cord;
  • there is a further formation of the brain, an increase in neural connections;
  • the baby can already play with the umbilical cord, grimace, frown, suck his thumb.

With the appearance of spotting blood discharge, acute pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, you need to urgently consult a doctor, you may need to be hospitalized to save it.

25 week

Each woman's belly will look different, despite the fact that everyone's uterus becomes the size of a ball. There is pressure on the stomach, which often provokes the occurrence of heartburn. To avoid digestive problems, in particular constipation, it is recommended to include vegetables and cereals in the basis of the diet. If there is a low level of hemoglobin in the blood, therapy with iron-containing drugs is prescribed. To reduce the load on the back, you can already start wearing a brace.

Baby development:

  • in case of premature birth, the newborn will be viable, he is placed in special conditions for maturity equal to 40 weeks;
  • weight becomes 700 gr., height 30-35 cm;
  • the skeletal system is strengthened, muscles are improved, a grasping reflex appears, the baby clenches his hands into fists and determines the leading hand - right or left.

26 week

The load on the female body is increasing every day. Forgetfulness, absent-mindedness are possible, so it's time to think about maternity leave. Walking becomes more and more difficult, especially if you have gained excess weight, normal fluctuations are from 6-8 kg. When moving, tension in the lower back can be felt, the gait approaches the pendulum. If there is a tone of the uterus, it is important to monitor your condition, prefer bed rest. With the appearance of contractions, bleeding, urgent medical attention is required.

  • the fetus already weighs about 1 kg, and its height is 33-35 cm;
  • pigmentation changes due to the accumulation of subcutaneous fat, the skin brightens;
  • the muscles become stronger, if the baby inadvertently pushes the internal organs, the mother may feel painful discomfort.

Fill your life with exceptionally pleasant emotions, do not forget about nutrition and exercise for pregnant women.

27 week

It becomes increasingly difficult for mom to do the usual things. Fatigue quickly sets in, you have to rest more. This is a natural process that allows a woman to arrange a small vacation. It is advisable to devote this period to your favorite activities and hobbies, because after the birth of the baby there will be no time. At week 27, you can begin to rapidly gain weight, it is important to control this process with the frequency and number of servings. There is shortness of breath, heartburn, which is associated with an increase and pressure of the uterus. The breast becomes larger, during the period of pregnancy it changes by 1-3 sizes.

Child development:

  • the brain grows and improves, the foundations of cognitive thinking are laid - memory, attention, the main features of temperament are also determined;
  • the need for calcium does not decrease, the final formation of bone tissue has not yet been completed;
  • there is a further accumulation of subcutaneous fat and changes in skin pigmentation;
  • the placenta helps form the first immunity that will protect the newborn for the first 6 months.

28 week

For most mothers, maternity leave has already begun. Depending on the kilograms gained, the sensations of the pregnant woman also change. More than 9 make movements awkward, provoke fatigue, drowsiness, and digestive problems.

It is worth listening to the recommendations of the doctor and arrange fasting days. By this time, the baby has already taken the correct position, the mother can even count the number of shocks, normally there should be about 10 in 2 hours. Back pain will be relieved by a bandage and special gymnastics, which will also come in handy during childbirth.

Formation of the child:

  • the accumulation of subcutaneous fat continues, wrinkles are smoothed out, the skin gradually brightens;
  • convolutions are formed in the brain, further growth and improvement of the rudiments of intellect continues;
  • emotions appear, the baby can frown at any discomfort, react with movements of the limbs.

If there is a Rh conflict, immunoglobulin therapy may be required, this will not harm the child, but will only avoid the risk of oxygen starvation of the fetus.

29 week

The baby is already getting cramped and it seems to the mother that the child has become stronger. In fact, its weight reaches 1.5 kg, height is 36-40 cm. The optic nerves allow you to more clearly examine the light, blink when changing its intensity. The child coughs and hiccups, and the mother feels it. The emotional sphere also does not stand still - the ability to cry appears. Internal organs are already formed. Muscles continue to grow, the respiratory system improves.

Feelings of a woman:

  • if the expectant mother has not yet changed her wardrobe, it’s time to do it, don’t be upset because of loose overalls, in a few months you can get back in shape;
  • the condition of the skin changes, it becomes drier, pigmentation appears;
  • in order to learn how to control your body during childbirth, it is advisable to master Kegel exercises, if not contraindications, yoga classes are useful;
  • irritation and fatigue increase, the stomach becomes larger, the load increases when walking, sleep only on the side.

30 week

The growth of the abdomen stretches the skin, it becomes thinner. Stretch marks also appear in the thigh area. Constipation and swelling can be corrected by proper nutrition. If the mother has dizziness and weakness, it is worth increasing the rest time. It is important during this period to learn relaxation techniques, they will help to cope with insomnia and accumulated fatigue.

Child development:

  • the process of interaction with the mother is being established, he calms down when stroking his stomach, reacts violently in an uncomfortable environment - a stuffy room, tobacco smoke;
  • small hairs gradually disappear - lanugo, which covered the body of the baby, but in some cases, the newborn may appear with him;
  • the brain continues to grow intensively, the number of convolutions and furrows increases.

31 weeks

At this time, all previous uncomfortable sensations intensify. The uterus has displaced all the internal organs, so shortness of breath becomes more frequent, breathing becomes difficult. Cramps, swelling, back pain interfere not only during the day, but also at night, causing insomnia. A positive attitude, relaxing massage, yoga classes will help to cope. It is worth reducing the amount of fluid, urination occurs very often, and a woman may even limit her walks. Such sacrifices are not needed, it is necessary to adhere to the correct diet, and not to drink an hour before going out.

Child development:

  • height reached 35-43 cm, weight - up to 1.6 kg;
  • trains the management of the main 5 senses;
  • neural connections grow at a feverish pace;
  • the period of wakefulness increases, the baby is busy with his own affairs - he breathes, looks, blinks, sucks his finger, clenches his fists, pushes.

32 week

The body is already gradually preparing for the process of childbirth. Some may even feel exercise contractions. The stomach is already large, it can pull, it is worth vilifying the bandage. The movements and gait of the woman became clumsy, she is slower in doing her usual things. You should not deny yourself the desire to sleep or buy a new thing, but you will have to forget about sweets and spicy dishes. It takes longer to choose a comfortable position, the tremors are becoming more intense.

Child development:

  • height up to 46 cm, weight 1.6-1.8 kg;
  • the fetus is still in breech presentation, but may already roll over head down;
  • brain development improves if you talk with your baby, read books, listen to music;
  • the muscular system continues to strengthen, movements are better coordinated.

It's time to undergo 3 planned ultrasound, you can find out not only the size and formation of the fetus, but also clearly see it on the screen. Important will be information about the state of amniotic fluid, uterus, placental maturity.

33 week

On average, a woman gained 10-12 kg during pregnancy. The hormonal background rises, which can provoke bleeding gums. Excessive irritability is caused by fear of the upcoming birth. It is important to maintain a positive attitude, fill life with joyful emotions, communicate with pleasant people. It is worth remembering feasible physical activity, it is necessary for muscle tone, otherwise it will be difficult to control your body during childbirth.

  • height - 40-46 cm, weight -2100-2300;
  • the child should already take the desired position, if not, during childbirth this will require additional attention from the obstetrician;
  • the sucking reflex necessary for breastfeeding is improved;
  • the musculoskeletal system continues to develop, so cottage cheese is required for the entire period of gestation;
  • the fetus already looks like a newborn, cheeks and folds appear on the arms and legs.

34 week

Hormonal changes allow mom to be in a good mood. She is tired of uncomfortable sensations, and she can not wait for the baby to appear. The weight increases noticeably up to 12-15 kg, the breast continues to grow. The line from the navel to the lower abdomen darkens, as well as the areola of the nipples. The nesting instinct is at its peak, the expectant mother is busy with household chores.

Baby development:

  • height 41-47 cm, weight 2100-2400;
  • the skin of the fetus is light and smooth, it is covered with a protective lubricant that facilitates the passage of the birth canal;
  • when born at this time, the child can breathe on his own, and does not require intensive rehabilitation therapy.

35 week

The most crucial moment begins, preparation for childbirth. It is useful for a future mother to take special courses in consultation. Choosing a partner for childbirth, it does not have to be a husband, a close person - a friend, mother - can support and reassure. A bag for the maternity hospital should already be assembled so that the woman does not get nervous over trifles. The abdomen reaches its maximum size, when walking, rapid fatigue occurs, swelling appears. It is important not to overeat at this time, otherwise the baby will be large, and the birth process will become more complicated.

Child development:

  • the training of the respiratory system, sucking, swallowing reflex continues;
  • the amount of amniotic fluid decreases, which causes discomfort for the baby, the body reports that it is time to change living conditions;
  • the endocrine, nervous and immune systems continue to improve;
  • gradually the baby descends, the mother can feel it in relieving breathing and reducing pressure on the back.

36-40 weeks

Everything is ready for the long-awaited emergence of a new life. 2 weeks before the birth, the stomach drops and turns to stone - this is a signal that the uterus is coming into tone. At any moment, fights can begin, both training and real. The woman has already gained from 9 to 16 kg, just before giving birth, there is a slight decrease. It is obligatory to attend a consultation once a week, the doctor monitors the condition of the fetus, the heartbeat.

Signs of the onset of labor:

  • increased appetite;
  • there is discomfort in the lower abdomen, after which it will turn into pain;
  • contractions begin with spasms with a frequency of 5 times per hour;
  • the body begins to cleanse itself - vomiting, diarrhea are possible;
  • the exit of the mucous plug and the discharge of amniotic fluid is a direct signal of the onset of labor, immediate hospitalization is required.

The child reaches a size of 50-54 cm, weighs about 3-3.5 kg. It becomes very crowded in the mother's womb, all organs are formed and ready to ensure life after birth. The baby is sensitive to light, can distinguish colors, very soon he will meet his mother. The female body is also preparing - the joints become softer and more elastic. If necessary, you will need to undergo an ultrasound to determine the condition of the placenta, the location of the fetus. The child does not stop developing even after childbirth, the process continues only now he can feel the warmth of his mother's hands.


If you just found out about your pregnancy, and you have a lot of questions, then this article will help you find the answers to them. Also in this article you can watch an interesting video about the development of pregnancy from the moment of conception

If you just found out that you are pregnant, you are probably overwhelmed with excitement, joy, fear, uncertainty and uncertainty. You have many questions: when to go to the doctor; how to behave so as not to harm the baby; what's up with him nowhappening; what is the gestational age; when the date of delivery, etc.

This article was created specifically for you to answer all your questions. We also provide a video by which you can find out how the pregnancy develops from the moment of conception. Enjoy watching and the information you need!

Video: "How conception occurs"

How pregnancy develops from the moment of conception

We will not describe the thorough process and use difficult medical terms. Briefly add a description to the video.

So, after the sperm enters the vagina, it begins its movement in search of the egg. After passing through the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, the sperm reaches the ampulla, where it most often meets with the egg. This process may take up to 3 hours.

After the connection of the sperm with the egg, fertilization occurs - a zygote. After about 1.5 days, the zygote begins to form nuclei.

For day 2 After conception, the egg divides into 2 cells called blastomeres. This process continues for another 12-16 hours, but faster. Each blastomere divides into two, then two more, and so on.

By day 3 the embryo is 6-8 blastomeres. TO 4 days development, the embryo consists of approximately 12-16 cells. INThis period begins the movement of the embryo into the uterus through the fallopian tubes.

For 5-7 days the embryo enters the uterine cavity and attaches to its wall. As a result, the basal temperature in a woman rises.

Implantation (attachment) lasts about 40 hours, it is accompanied by may secretions of blood, which are taken for menstruation. Completed implantation is the beginning of the entry of the hCG hormone or pregnancy hormone into the blood (we will talk about it later). Diameter the embryo now does not exceed 0.5 mm.

On 10th day of conception - primary and secondary villi are formed, which will later become the umbilical cord and placenta.

TO 12 day - implantation of the ovum is completed. On Day 14 - there is a jump in progesterone and estrogen, which provokes the appearance, as well as a delay in menstruation.

During this period, the corpus luteum serves as a source of nutrition for the embryo, which means that the woman's lifestyle does not have any effect on the development process. So invented by nature - so that a woman who is unaware of pregnancy cannot harm her offspring.

The first symptoms of pregnancy

At 5-8 weeks of pregnancy, the corpus luteum of the ovary, which produces progesterone, reaches its peak of development and causes a serious hormonal change in the woman's body. Because of this, the expectant mother often feels the following changes in herself:

  • tearfulness
  • irritability
  • fatigue
  • drowsiness
  • sensitivity
  • increased sense of smell
  • puffiness.

In addition, at the 5-6th week of pregnancy, a connection “through the umbilical cord” is established between the mother and the baby. Most often, it is during this period that she begins to experience such pregnancy symptoms as:

  • Thatshnot
  • vomit
  • increased sensitivity and soreness of the breast
  • darkening of the skin around the nipples (areola)
  • increased urge to urinate
  • pimples appear on the face and neck
  • become more abundantvaginal discharge.

We talked in more detail about how to find out about pregnancy before a delay.

If you don't experience these symptoms, consider yourself lucky. Only not many expectant mothers can enjoy the absence of the above. To make sure your pregnancy is going well, you can take analysis blood to determine the level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). HCG begins to appear in the blood immediately after the implantation of the embryo in the uterine cavity, and production stops with the completion of pregnancy.

With his help in the blood, it is possible to establish the fact of pregnancy after 8-12 days from the moment of conception.

If the pregnancy proceeds well, the concentration of the hormone in the blood serum increases by 2 times in less than two days. Thus, it is possible to track the development of the fetus in dynamics. In addition, hCG allows you to determine its incorrect location.

When is the best time to visit a gynecologist for the first time?

The first visit is very important, during it, the gynecologist will assess the size of the uterus, examine it on the gynecological chair, take the necessary swabs from the vagina, conduct a consultation, give recommendations and referrals for tests and ultrasound.

Therefore, it is better to immediately, when you find out about pregnancy, make an appointment with your local gynecologist. Since in many antenatal clinics and perinatal centers, you can make an appointment only for the next month (due to the lack of free places for registration).

Thus, you will get to the first appointment (approximately) at 6-7 weeks of pregnancy. This period is the most suitable, since at this time it is already possible to listen to the fetal heartbeat and determine its location. Even if nothing bothers you - O Be sure to visit your doctor before 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Why is it so important? For 11-13 weeksthe first screening ultrasound is prescribed, which allows you to assess the health of the baby. In addition, mom needs to take blood tests, urine tests, swabs for flora, go through narrow specialists, which we will talk about later.

However, if there are such symptoms like: spotting; frequent attacks of toxicosis (more than 10-15 times a day); pain in the lower abdomen and lower back; cramping pains - do not wait for the appointed date of the visit, immediately contact the gynecologist!

It is especially dangerous if before 7-8 weeks there are such phenomena as: severe pain in the lower abdomen; Ra sharp deterioration in the condition; apathy; cardiopalmus; pallor skin; increased sweating; dizziness; bloody issues; a sharp drop in pressure. If at least a few symptoms are found, an ambulance should be called immediately. Unfortunately, it could be an ectopic pregnancy .

How is the gestational age determined: obstetric and fetal period

During the first visit, the gynecologist will clarify with you the first day of the last menstruation. Counting the days from this date, the gynecologist will determine the obstetric gestational age. It will be different from the embryonic period, do not be surprised. There is a reason for this - to more accurately calculate the gestational age.

So, if a woman has a 28-day menstrual cycle, then the probable day when ovulation occurred will be considered 14th day after the start of menstruation. Conventionally, it is also the day of conception, and, accordingly, the beginning of the embryonic gestation period. It can be conditional, because ovulation can occur both a few days later and a few days earlier. Because of these individual characteristics, gynecologists consider the obstetric period, from the beginning of the first day of the last menstruation.

The difference, as we can see, is 2 weeks, therefore, when determining the preliminary date of birth, a deviation from the set period by two weeks is allowed. For example, if 4 weeks have passed since the beginning of the last menstruation, then the gynecologist will put you on the 4th week of pregnancy. And the embryonic period from the moment of conception will be - 2 weeks. Just imagine, you barely noticed a delay in your period, and you are already 4 weeks pregnant. In addition, you are already starting your 2nd month of pregnancy!

After calculating the gestational age, the gynecologist will examine you for chair and by touch will determine the size of the uterus in order to understand what period of pregnancy it corresponds to. So at 6 weeks the uterus will be like a chicken egg, at 8 weeks - like a woman's fist, at 12 weeks - like the head of a newborn. But the most accurate information about the gestational age can be found with the help of ultrasound. The ultrasound doctor will measure the size of the unborn baby.

How is the due date determined?

As for the date of delivery, the gynecologist determine it using the Negele formula. To do this, the doctor will subtract 3 months from the first day of the last menstruation and add 7 days. Also, the gynecologist can calculate the date of birth by adding 40 weeks or 280 days to the first day of the last menstruation.

You can also calculate the due date yourself using the formula below. If you want to know what week of pregnancy you are currently in, as well as clarify the date of birth, then we suggest you use ours.

So, for example, the last menstruation was 04/01/2019, counting according to the formula, we get the date of birth - 01/08/2020.

It is worth considering that this is only an estimated date, childbirth can begin 10-14 days earlier than this date, or later. So March children are born, as a rule, later than the due date, since February has 28 days.

Consultations of specialists upon registration

Obstetrician-gynecologist

Purpose of the visit:

  • determine that the development of pregnancy is not in danger.
  • receive referrals for the following examinations: general blood analysis; blood type and Rh factor; blood sugar test; analysis for syphilis, HIV infection, antibodies to hepatitis B and C virus, analysis for thyroid hormones. The result of the tests will show if the expectant mother has anemia, inflammatory changes in the blood. A biochemical blood test will reveal whether there is enough protein, glucose and other vital substances for the child in the blood.
  • take a general urine test. A change in its density and composition is characteristic of kidney disease, diabetes, and others.
  • the gynecologist will take a swab from the vagina for bacterial infections and cervical canal (for sexually transmitted infections);
  • undergo an ultrasound at 6-11 weeks. At the first ultrasound, a specialist determines the number of fetal eggs, confirms or refutes an ectopic pregnancy, evaluates the process of laying internal organs and systems. The gestational age is specified, the expected date of birth is calculated. The probability of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal malformations is assessed. In addition, ultrasound is necessary to understand how the embryo develops, whether the tone of the uterus is increased, whether there are neoplasms in it or in the appendages.

7-10 days after receiving the results of the examination, the doctor will invite you to an appointment to discuss them. If everything goes well, the next meeting will be scheduled in a month.

Otorhinolaryngologist

The purpose of the visit: to exclude chronic infections. This specialist is mandatory when registering a woman for registering her, and then you will visit him if you have indications for this. According to statistics, in about 60-75% of patients, problems with the nasopharynx are chronic and manifest themselves in the form of rhinitis, sinusitis, otitis media and tonsillitis. These diseases are dangerous for both mother and child, as they can easily cross the placenta and lead to the risk of developing diseases of the heart, kidneys, skin and allergies. Therefore, an examination by a doctor and taking swabs from the nose and throat will allow you not to worry about the condition and be treated correctly and quickly.

Therapist

The therapist will assess your general well-being, prescribe an electrocardiographic study, measure blood pressure. Additionally, you will have to contact this specialist if you have a cold or pain in the stomach. If you have a chronic pathology (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc.), frequent visits to the therapist are provided for you. he will monitor your physical condition and prescribe corrective treatment.

Optometrist

Purpose of visit: The doctor will assess the condition of the fundus and retina. Based on these data, it is possible to determine the tactics of childbirth (for example, in some cases, experts advise avoiding attempts). The ophthalmologist will evaluate your vision, conduct an examination of the fundus and retina. If you have significant myopia or hypermetropia, an artificial birth is indicated for a period of 38 weeks.

Dentist

In the first and third trimesters, it is necessary to visit a doctor so that he can determine if there is caries, that is, a focus of infection. Already from the 15th week, the doctor can prescribe a course of treatment, if necessary. If you do not ensure sufficient intake of calcium in the body throughout pregnancy, the condition of the teeth may deteriorate significantly by the third trimester. Therefore, the dentist must be visited at least twice.

In addition, the gynecologist may prescribe consultations of narrow specialists (endocrinologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, surgeon and others) in the presence of concomitant diseases.

From what week is the child and mother "one"?

In the first 6 days after conception, the embryo lives “independently”, feeds on its own reserves and is not connected with you in any way. On the 5-7th day after implantation, a connection arises between the child and you through the umbilical cord and the branched chorion (it is formed at the site of attachment of the fetal egg to the uterine mucosa). Accordingly, from this period on, you need to carefully monitor your diet, as well as the situation in your home (you should avoid tobacco smoke, toxic odors, etc.). By week 16, a placenta is formed from the branched chorion, through which the baby will receive nutrients and oxygen for its development.

Toxicosis: when does toxicosis begin and go away?

Toxicosis begins most often in the first weeks of pregnancy. Early often haunts a pregnant woman from 4-5 weeks of an interesting position, especially if the first-born is expected. Often the state of general malaise during this period is a consequence of hormonal changes in the body. In most cases, the symptoms of toxicosis in women begin to gain momentum precisely from 7-8 weeks of pregnancy.

Toxicosis slows down closer to the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, i.e. by 12-14 weeks, when the placenta begins to work in full force and becomes a kind of barrier between the woman and the child, due to which some problems are smoothed out from the direct "communication" of the expectant mother and baby. In addition, hormonal changes in the beginning of waiting cease to be news to the body.

Why are frequent bouts of toxicosis dangerous?

If nausea or vomiting occurs 1-2 times a day and you can deal with these troubles yourself, then this is not about early toxicosis, but about a sign that pregnancy declares itself. Then you probably don't need a doctor's help. Another thing is if toxicosis rages in earnest: vomiting attacks happen about 8 times a day, and any piece of food or a sip of water makes you run to the toilet. In this case, you need to see a doctor - due to vomiting, dehydration may occur, which as a result will not affect the work of the cardiovascular system in the best way. Of course, neither you nor the baby need these and other problems.

How can you get rid of toxicity?

Eat often, in small portions and what you want. Before you get out of bed, eat a cookie or an apple, have a light snack before bed. Drink tea from herbs (mint, ginger), do not eat spicy and fatty foods, and also avoid strong odors, smoky and stuffy rooms. We talked in detail about how to deal with toxicosis in this.

What to do if you feel dizzy?

Fainting during pregnancy is not uncommon. The expectant mother needs to be laid on a flat surface - so that her head is below the level of her heart, give her a drink of sweet strong tea, open the windows in the room. To avoid fainting in the future, walk more and stay away from stuffy rooms and smoking companies.

If this does not help, you should lie down or sit down for a few minutes. After a short respite, you need to easily massage the head and neck area to stretch stiff muscles and increase blood flow to the head. No less effective remedy for dizziness are considered hawthorn fruit, from which you can make infusions, compotes and teas. One way is to grind hawthorn berries, brew them with boiling water in the amount of 300 ml. Drink half an hour before meals three times a day.

Why does bleeding occur?

They can occur on the days of the expected menstruation and more often in women who, even before pregnancy, had problems with the menstrual cycle (when ovulation did not occur in the middle of the cycle, but before menstruation). Rather, call an ambulance: the appearance of such secretions is a reason for a trip to the hospital. If it turns out that the cause of the events lies in hormonal deficiency, you will need to undergo an examination, and a specialist in miscarriage will prescribe the necessary therapy for you. If this is due to a misalignment of the branched chorion, which can be found on an ultrasound examination, you will be advised to lie down more and take sedatives.

Why pulls the lower abdomen?

This is a common occurrence that often accompanies the expectant mother. In no case should you ignore pulling pains, especially in the first trimester, it is better to seek help from a specialist. Among the physiological causes of painful pulling sensations, the following are distinguished:

  • As a result of contraction and growth of the uterine muscles. Ligaments and muscles adapt to an interesting position, hence there is a feeling of heaviness and pulling pain. Certain exercises, postures and relaxation will help solve the problem.
  • The pulling pain that occurs after conception may be one of the first symptoms of pregnancy. Even before the delay, there are sensations similar to the pains accompanying menstruation;
  • Drawing pains can also appear due to a rush of blood in the uterus, as blood circulation begins to increase in it.
  • Intestinal disorder. The hormone progesterone helps to relax not only the muscles of the uterus, but also other smooth muscle organs, including the intestines, food does not have time to be digested in time, which creates stagnation, leading to pulling pains and flatulence, colic, bloating, constipation, etc.

If the pain does not go away, call an ambulance: it is unsafe to endure them. We must not forget that in some cases, pain may indicate a spontaneous miscarriage.

First of all, try to sleep at least 8-10 hours, go to bed early and try to rest during the day. All this is necessary so that the future baby is comfortable in your stomach and he receives the necessary amount of nutrients and oxygen (and all this comes to him through your blood). Be more outdoors, for example, before going to bed, take a walk with your husband. If you feel nauseous in the morning, eat a cookie or an apple before you get out of bed. This problem often occurs due to the fact that blood sugar levels are low in the morning hours, and a small “snack” will help you quickly bring it back to normal.

Radical changes in life will be needed only if your work is associated with the danger of contracting infections, if you spend a lot of time in contact with chemicals or with a computer. In this case, you should think about vacation, without waiting for the decree. The fact is that in the first 8 weeks all the organs and systems of the unborn child are being laid, and any harmful influence (chemical substance, radiation, viruses, nicotine, alcohol) can disrupt this responsible process. And one more thing: during the first ultrasound examination, the doctor will determine where the placenta is located: if it is located normally and there are no problems during pregnancy, then you should not deny yourself sex.