The Internet has long become not only the norm, but even a necessity in our lives. A lot of things are tied to the use of the World Wide Web. But it is impossible to connect to it by simply plugging the cord into the outlet. Consider what types of Internet connections exist.

Over time, obsolete Internet technologies are replaced by more advanced ones.

Cable connection

Twisted pair and optical cable

This is the most popular connection type. A cable is laid to your apartment or office, through which the Internet signal is received. Two connection options are used: twisted pair and optical cable.

In the first case, a high-bandwidth fiber optic cable is run from the service provider to the house or junction box, and a twisted pair cable is brought into the apartment itself, which is a copper wire with a specially crimped end that is plugged into a computer or router. The connection speed in this case most often does not exceed 100 Mbps.

In the second case, an optical cable is installed in the dwelling, connected to the switchgear. Among its advantages, much higher speeds are distinguished, up to 1 Gbps. Using this cable, you can simultaneously receive Internet, telephone and television services - that is, one cable instead of three. A cable connection has two options for organizing a network: local and virtual.

The local network

The essence of the local network is that the provider assigns you a separate IP address. All computers, by and large, are a large network that has access to the Internet through a provider. There is access with dynamic and static IP.

Dynamic IP

For you, this is the easiest type of communication. All settings for each connection are assigned by the provider, and you do not need to configure anything further. You just plug the cable into your computer or router and start using the Internet.

Static IP

With this type, the user needs to enter in the settings of the network card or router the parameters that the provider issues and which are unchanged during each communication session. This is quite handy for online services asking you for a permanent IP address. You can find out the type of connection in the technical support of the provider, on the website of the service provider or in the contract. When using a router, most models can detect the connection type automatically.

Virtual VPN

VPN stands for "Virtual Private Network". This technology encrypts data exchange between the subscriber's computer and the provider's server, significantly increasing security.

The most popular VPN connection type. All you need to know to use it is your username and password. The Windows operating system treats this connection as a high-speed dial-up connection.

L2TP/PPTP

Less popular types of VPN connections. In addition to login and password, you need to find out the server address provided by the telecom operator. The difference between them is only in the encryption method, which is selected in the advanced connection settings. The most famous provider working with this standard is Beeline.

Combined connection

Combines several types of connection for access to the Internet and to the resources of the provider. VPN is used as the main type of connection, dynamic or static IP - as an additional one. The difference between them is in the manual entry of the local address or its automatic determination. Such a connection is considered the most difficult, therefore it is rarely used. You can find out the parameters from the technical support of a specific service provider.

Phone line

Despite the fact that cable connection has dominated in recent times, in many areas it is not economically feasible to install a separate Internet line. In this case, the presence of a telephone line saves, you can only connect to the Internet through it. There are two connection types: ADSL and Dial-Up.

ADSL

Modern standards provide access to the Internet at a speed of several tens of megabits, which is quite enough for most tasks. The bottom line is that with the help of a splitter, the signal is divided into different frequencies: low - for voice communication, high - for the Internet. Accordingly, you can call and use the Internet at the same time.

A modem is used to organize communication. The connection scheme is quite simple: a telephone cable that is brought into the room is connected to a splitter, a home telephone and an ADSL modem are connected to the appropriate connectors.

dial-up

This type of connection has come to us since the nineties of the last century. It is very outdated, because when it is used, the telephone line remains busy, and the average speed is about 56 kilobits. By today's standards, this is very little. However, in some areas this type of connection is sometimes used.

It works as follows: the modem is connected to the telephone line and to the computer, the number of the modem pool is added to its settings. The modem calls this number, and after the connection is established, the subscription gives you access to the Internet.

TV cable DOCSIS

This type of connection provides internet via TV cable. Undoubtedly, it is much more convenient for one company to pay for the Internet and TV. The cable is brought into an apartment or house, using a splitter, the signal is distributed to television and the Internet. The Internet signal is sent to a cable modem connected to a PC or to a router.

Modern standards allow you to get Internet speeds up to 300 Mbps. Despite the relatively low popularity of the technology, the telecommunications service provider AKADO connects subscribers using it in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg.

Mobile Internet

The development of 3G and 4G standards allows you to use the Internet at a speed comparable to a home connection. In many cities of Russia, the 4G standard is available at speeds up to more than 100 megabits. Where it is not available, 3G operates at speeds up to 40 megabits.

Recently, unlimited tariffs have been offered, albeit rather conditional. No wires are needed, and you can connect relatively cheaply anywhere coverage is available. You can use a USB modem, mobile router or smartphone/tablet as a modem. The firmware can also determine the network settings.

Satellite Internet

The most expensive, but at the same time the most ubiquitous. Allows you to access the Internet even far from communications, even in the middle of the taiga. The only condition is the visibility of the satellite.

Everyone is familiar with satellite TV. Antenna dishes can be seen in almost every home and in huge numbers. The same plate is used to access the Internet. There is one-way and two-way satellite Internet.

With one-way access, outgoing requests are transmitted over a terrestrial communication channel, for example, through a mobile network, and incoming data comes from a satellite. With two-way access, all exchange takes place over a satellite channel. To do this, you will need an antenna with a transmitting head.

The access speed reaches several tens of megabits. The main drawback is the huge price for a set of equipment and rather high tariffs.

WiMax and WiFi

Almost everyone is familiar with Wi-Fi, almost everyone has a router at home, and there are free hotspots in many public places. WiMax allows you to cover those areas where it is difficult to provide a cable connection in every home. This is applicable in the private sector or cottage villages. To provide coverage, base stations are used that provide coverage within a radius of several kilometers.

To connect, you need to have a special receiver, and when moving away from the station, an amplifying antenna. The technology has not been widely used, since it still requires a cable to be connected to the village. Where it is more expedient to use the mobile Internet.

Conclusion

We have listed all possible types of Internet connection. If you live in a city, most likely the provider will connect you via cable. This is the cheapest type of connection in multi-storey buildings. The equipment setup will differ for different types of connection, you can read more about this issue in our article How to connect the Internet on a laptop. In addition, never hesitate to contact the technical support of the service provider to find out the network access parameters.

What type of connection are you using? Are you satisfied with the quality of communication? Write to us in the comments.

How to access the Internet without a browser, or normal heroes go around.

So is it possible to access the Internet without a browser? Internet browsers allow us to surf the Internet in the most comfortable way for us. Everyone knows this. But we are among those who are not looking for easy ways. And that means we will not use browsers. It's impossible, you say. And now I'll show you.

I offer you several options. From a simple trick that uses the power of built-in Windows programs that have direct access to the IE browser to the special features of network protocols and the console. Often you really can’t do without a browser - the Internet is now far from just a dictionary.

I want to warn you right away, the main feature of this method is simply to impress your office neighbors or household members in the ability to use the Internet without Chrom or Opera or Mozilla.

Another beauty of the method is also in access to sites (not always “rolls”), which at the moment have come under the law on the protection of intellectual property rights, which has been unfolding since August 2013 in Russia. It is often impossible to get on any -tracker to download a film for which the only possible intellectual rights are left in the distant Soviet Union, but someone has the audacity to arrogate to themselves the right to restrict my freedom to watch my favorite childhood films ... But we digress ... By the way, the joke works every other time, so try it yourself. In the end, accessing the Internet without a browser in a hurry is sometimes very useful - since you are online, so...

The site is closed by the decision of law enforcement officers?

Let's go ... In fact, of course, you won't be able to access the Internet without a browser (we will play on the fact that help files use the Internet Explorer core), but you can get around some prohibitions, and of course, the visual effect. We go, for example, to our previously beloved site with the well-known name RUTOR.ORG. Let's look at the news ... No, we will download a good film "Treasure Island", filmed back in 1982. But it wasn’t there ... At the address entered in the browser, we are greeted by such a familiar message to many:

Not to see me today the red-haired cabin boy Hawkins and the one-legged pirate Silver ... No matter how.

Let's try to access the Internet without a browser right now

Let's open any application that probably likes to send any information about what you were doing in this application to the Internet. Almost all Windows programs do this. I will open a simple and everyone's favorite Notepad.

I will press the F1 key - a quick help call and right-click on the coveted blue bar:

Select Go to the address (URL) ... and type the address of the site of interest in the old fashioned way, that is, in full:

Here are those times. Everything is working. It doesn't always work out, of course. And bypassing the blocking is, of course, nothing to do with it ... Not very familiar, but everyone knows what to do next. Some of the links did not work and I had to temporarily work in the Internet Explorer settings. We call it from the same window: Settings - Internet Options...

I agreed to accept everything, but at the same time blocked annoying pop-ups. All links are working. Do not forget to delete all browsing history later and return the required cookie blocking level to Explorer.

Now accessing the Internet without a browser in some cases will not be difficult for you at all.


How to access the Internet without a browser from the Windows search bar

The next feature will be useful to those for whom, for example, Google- favorite search engine, and Wikipedia is the most visited source of information. With the following tweaks, you can force Windows to go directly to the designated sources. But, again, the effect of focus is again present: both systems work comfortably only in a special interface. So in the end, we cannot do without a browser: the search results will open in the default browser.

So, in order to force Windows to look up information from a string Start:

Let's edit something in the Group Policy Editor. Let's type a shortcut command gpedit.msc and find the setting there Customizable quick search tool on the Internet. It is located at:

User Configuration-Administrative Templates-Windows Components-Quick Find

We call by double-clicking the parameter settings, Enable, add a name to the search and set the parameter in the URL. Like this:

in the search command, I point to the English locale of Wikipedia

Further Apply and OK. It is possible to reboot the system for the changes to take effect, but I will show the command that will allow you to do this right now. We call the console cmd and enter the command:

gpupdate/force

In the same manner, you can add other search engines that start from the line Run. The command for Google will take the form:

https://www.google.com/search?q=%w

You can set up a search with Yandex:

https://yandex.ru/search/?lr=213&text=%w

In general, you are free to choose any of the sources that you like. And in the end, here's what:

Read: 3 213

Sometimes there is a need to quickly get online. Connect Wi-Fi or restore access to the global network. In this article, I will tell you. What are the ways.

  • The first thing you should pay attention to is what kind of provider (Internet service provider) you have.
  • The most common providers are Dom.Ru, Rostelecom, Beeline, Iota, Samara-Lan, Infolada, Zhiguli-Telecom, Aist and others.
  • As we see many providers and they all have their own settings and methods for connecting to the Internet. Each service provider may have different network settings and features.
  • Second - decide what kind of connection scheme you have. It is very important. There are several schemes. First, determine what type of Internet you have at home. There is fiber optic, telephone line, Wi-Fi, satellite Internet and other types of connection.
  1. For example, fiber optic cable It is a two-layer special tube made of soft glass. Therefore, such a cable cannot be strongly bent, since it is glass. It's the fastest internet! Such a cable is connected to the computer not directly, but through a special device.
  2. Telephone line (ADSL)- This is a slower Internet, unlike fiber. In this case, a telephone cable will go to your house. This cable is not directly connected to the computer. Usually, it first goes to the router (with ADSL support) or to a special ADSL modem, and then from the modem to the router via Ethernet.

So, to put it simply, a cable can go into your house, which can be connected directly to a computer and which is only through an ADSL modem.

  • Internet login and password must be written in the contract or on a plastic card. If you have a router, then you need to register these data in the router settings. If there is no router, then you need to create a new connection on the computer. Without a login and password, if you are connecting for the first time, the Internet will not work. Need help setting up a router

If you have forgotten your Internet password, Dom.ru is easier in this regard, you can dictate your passport data by phone and they will send you a password via SMS. Rostelecom is more difficult. You need to go with your passport to the subscriber department.

Do not forget that if you have a modern smartphone, it can also act as a router and distribute Wi-Fi.

Also, 4 G modems iota, megaphone, beeline, etc. can act as a router (they are slightly thicker than usual, they have a built-in mini-router).

If you urgently need access to the Internet in Samara, but you are unable to connect, then you can go to the bus station or McDonald's, or somewhere else where there is free Wi-Fi. It's like an emergency. So, I think in Samara no one should have problems with the Internet.

If your Internet or wi-fi just stopped working, then you can do some simple steps:

  1. If you have a router, unplug it, wait 1 minute, and plug it back in.
  2. If there is no router, then disconnect the ethernet cable from the computer for 30 seconds and connect again (especially true for Dom.Ru)
  3. Check if you have connected the Internet on your computer? (whether the shortcut was launched on the desktop or on the right in the column on the desktop)
  4. If you have wi-fi, then check if the wi-fi button is enabled on the laptop or check if wi-fi is enabled with hot keys (Fn + one of the F1-F12 buttons)
  5. Just restart your computer.
  6. Check if the username and password are correct
  7. Check your network settings for your connection, if any. This is the ip address, dns server, gateway, and other parameters in the properties of the ipv4 network connection.
  8. If the steps above did not help, or you don’t know how to set up network settings, call the technical support of your provider or call the wizard at home.

You can connect to the Internet without a browser, although this is more difficult and not very convenient. In this case, your ability to work on the Internet will be severely limited, as browsers convert program codes into websites. You will be able to connect and communicate with websites, but you will have to use text commands to do so. You will not be able to watch videos, view images, or play games. This article will also tell you how to download Firefox if you don't have any browser.

Steps

FTP protocol

    FTP protocol definition. The FTP (File Transfer Protocol) protocol is not currently used by ordinary users, but it was extremely popular before the invention of the Internet. Using this protocol, you can connect to the server, access its file system and download any file. The Mozilla FTP server may not be available, but most operating systems include an FTP utility, or simply enter the FTP address in the address bar of your file manager.

    Connect to one of the Mozilla servers. Type open ftp.mozilla.org and press Enter. If successful, several lines of text will be displayed on the screen and the prompt will change to User (ftp.mozilla.org:(none)): .

    Log in to your account. In fact, in order to download the Firefox installer via FTP, you do not need to create an account.

    • Enter anonymous as the username. Then press Enter. You will be prompted to enter a password.
    • Enter anonymous as the password. Then press Enter. Be aware that when entering a password on the command line, no characters are displayed.
    • After entering the username and password, a text will be displayed on the screen informing you about the directory to which you have connected. If successful, the last line of text will be "Login successful".

  1. Change to the directory where the Firefox installer is stored. To do this, type cd pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/latest/win32/en-US and press Enter.

    • Using FTP, you will find any data in folders or directories. It's like searching for documents on your computer when you open folders and subfolders in sequence - similarly, you can connect to the desired folder on an FTP server.
    • With the cd command, you can change from one directory to another.

  2. View the contents of the directory. To do this, type ls and press Enter. Two files should be displayed on the screen: Firefox Setup 39.0.exe and Firefox Setup Stub 39.0.exe (you may now see a different version of the installer).

    Specify the drive on your computer to which the browser installer will be downloaded. For example, type lcd C:\ and press Enter. If you want to save the file on another drive, instead of the letter "C", enter the desired letter of the local drive.

    Download the installer. Type get "Firefox Setup 39.0.exe" and press Enter (replace 39.0 with the version number you are downloading).

    • You may see a pop-up window asking you to allow the host server to send the file directly to your computer. Give that permission.
    • After a while, "Transfer Complete" will be displayed on the screen.

  3. Run the installer. Find the downloaded file on drive C: (or the drive you specified). Double click on the installer to start the Firefox installation process.

    Use Usenet (NNTP). The Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) is used to transfer news articles between news servers and to read and publish articles from end users through client applications. Now the functions of Usenet are successfully performed by web forums. You don't need a "sender" here - just browse the different newsgroups and you might find a browser in them. But getting access to the news server is quite difficult, as many servers charge money for connecting to the Usenet network.

  4. You can use other programs and utilities to download files and access certain sites. For example, you can download files through some file managers. The Curl and Wget utilities can download files from ftp, http and https. They will download files from the Internet, but will not open the site. If you have Curl or Wget installed, one of the following commands will download Firefox for Linux:

    • Via Wget: https://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-40.0-SSL&os=linux64&lang=en-US
    • Via Curl: https://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-40.0-SSL&os=linux64&lang=en-US

  5. Use a package manager or an app store. On Linux, the package manager is a very powerful program that will allow you to download applications, libraries, manuals, interface themes, drivers, browser add-ons, system kernels, and everything your computer needs to function properly. On Windows 8+ or Mac OS, you can download programs from the app store.

    • This does not apply to users who work on Windows 7 and earlier versions of this system. Although Windows 8+ users are not so lucky - there is little content in the Windows Store.

Topic 3.4: Application of the Internet in the economy and information security

Global computer networks

3.2. Network technologies. Global networks and technologies of global networks

3.2.3. Ways to access the global Internet

Currently, the following methods of accessing the Internet are known:

  1. Dial-Up (when the user's computer connects to the provider's server using a phone) - dial-up access over an analog telephone network data transfer rate up to 56 Kbps.
  2. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - a family of digital subscriber lines designed to organize access over an analog telephone network using a cable modem. This technology (ADSL, VDSL, HDSL, ISDL, SDSL, SHDSL, RADSL under the general name xDSL) provides high-speed connection up to 50 Mbps (actual speed up to 2 Mbps). The main advantage of xDSL technologies is the ability to significantly increase the speed of data transmission over telephone wires without upgrading the subscriber telephone line. The user gets access to the Internet while maintaining the normal operation of telephone communications.
  3. ISDN - dial-up access over the digital telephone network. The main feature of using ISDN is the high speed of information transfer compared to Dial-Up access. The data transfer rate is 64 Kbps when using one and 128 Kbps when using two communication channels.
  4. Internet access via leased lines (analogue and digital). Leased line access is a way to connect to the Internet when the user's computer is connected to the provider's server using a cable (twisted pair) and this connection is permanent, i.e. non-switched, and this is the main difference from conventional telephone communication. Data transfer rate up to 100 Mbps.
  5. Internet access via local network (Fast Ethernet). The connection is made using a network card (10/100 Mbit/s) with a data transfer rate of up to 1 Gbit/s on trunk sections and 100 Mbit/s for the end user. To connect the user's computer to the Internet, a separate cable (twisted pair) is connected to the apartment, while the telephone line is always free.
  6. Satellite Internet access or satellite Internet (DirecPC, Europe Online). There are two types of satellite Internet access - asymmetric and symmetrical:
    • two-way data exchange between the user's computer and the satellite;
    • requests from the user are transmitted to the server of the satellite operator via any available terrestrial connection, and the server transmits data to the user from the satellite. The maximum data reception rate is up to 52.5 Mbps (real average speed is up to 3 Mbps).
  7. Internet access using cable TV network channels, data reception speed from 2 to 56 Mb/s. Cable Internet (“coax at a home”). Currently, two data transmission architectures are known: symmetrical and asymmetric architectures. In addition, there are two connection methods: a) a cable modem is installed separately in each user's apartment; b) a cable modem is installed in a house where several users of Internet services live at once. To connect users to a common cable modem, a local network is used and common Ethernet equipment is installed on all.
  8. Last Mile Wireless Technology:
    • WiFi;
    • WiMax;
    • Radio Ethernet;
    • MMDS;
    • mobile GPRS - Internet;
    • mobile CDMA - Internet.

Let's take a closer look at last mile wireless technologies:

  1. WiFi(Wireless Fidelity - accurate data transmission without wires) is a technology for broadband access to the Internet. The information transfer rate for the end subscriber can reach 54 Mbps. The radius of their action does not exceed 50 - 70 meters. Wireless access points are used within an apartment or in public places in large cities. With a laptop or PDA with a Wi-Fi controller, visitors to a cafe or restaurant (within Wi-Fi coverage) can quickly connect to the Internet.
  2. WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), similar to WiFi - broadband Internet access technology. WiMAX, unlike traditional radio access technologies, also works on the reflected signal, outside the line of sight of the base station. Experts believe that mobile WiMAX networks offer much more interesting prospects for users than fixed WiMAX intended for corporate customers. Information can be transmitted over distances up to 50 km at speeds up to 70 Mbps.

    Currently, WiMAX partially satisfies the conditions of 4G networks based on packet data transfer protocols. The 4G family includes technologies that allow data to be transmitted over cellular networks at speeds above 100 Mbps. and improved voice quality. VoIP technology is provided for voice transmission in 4G.

  3. Radio Ethernet- technology of broadband access to the Internet, provides a data transfer rate from 1 to 11 Mbps, which is shared among all active users. For the operation of the RadioEthernet channel, direct visibility between the antennas of the subscriber points is required. Range up to 30 km.
  4. MMDS(Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System). These systems are capable of serving an area within a radius of 50-60 km, while the direct visibility of the operator's transmitter is not mandatory. The average guaranteed data rate is 500 Kbps - 1 Mbps, but it is possible to provide up to 56 Mbps per channel.
  5. LMDS(Local Multipoint Distribution System) is a standard for cellular networks for wireless transmission of information for fixed subscribers. The system is based on the cellular principle, one base station allows you to cover an area with a radius of several kilometers (up to 10 km) and connect several thousand subscribers. The BS themselves are combined with each other by high-speed terrestrial communication channels or radio channels (RadioEthernet). Data transfer rate up to 45 Mbps.
  6. Mobile GPRS- Internet. To use the "Mobile Internet" service using GPRS technology, you must have a telephone with a built-in GPRS modem and a computer.

    GPRS technology provides data transfer rates up to 114 Kbps. When using GPRS technology, it is not the time of connection with the Internet that is charged, but the total amount of transmitted and received information. You will be able to view HTML pages, download files, work with e-mail and any other Internet resources.

    GPRS technology is an enhancement of the GSM core network or a packet switching protocol for GSM networks. EDGE is a continuation of the development of GSM/GPRS networks. EDGE (Advanced GPRS or EGPRS) technology provides higher data transfer rates than GPRS (up to 200 Kbps). EDGE (2.5 G) is the first step towards 3G technology.

  7. Mobile CDMA- Internet. The CDMA standard network is fixed and mobile communications, as well as high-speed mobile Internet. To use the "Mobile Internet" service using CDMA technology, you must have a telephone with a built-in CDMA modem or CDMA modem and a computer. CDMA technology provides data transfer rates up to 153 Kbps or up to 2400 Kbps - using EV-DO Revision 0 technology.

    Currently, CDMA technology provides third-generation mobile communication services. 3G mobile communication technologies (third generation - third generation) - a set of services that provides both high-speed mobile access to the Internet, and organizes videotelephony and mobile television. Mobile communication of the third generation is built on the basis of packet data transmission. Third-generation 3G networks operate in the 2 GHz band, transmitting data at speeds up to 14 Mbps.

    Third-generation 3G networks are implemented on various technologies based on the following standards: W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and its European version - UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System), which is a GSM/GPRS/EDGE receiver; CDMA2000 1X, which is a modification of the CDMA standard; the Chinese version is TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA.

It should be noted that at present, technologies are used for the "last meters" of access to the Internet. Home PNA (HPNA) and HomePlug. Internet access via dedicated Home PNA or HPNA lines (telephone lines) and access via 220 volt household electrical network (HomePlug, Plug is a plug).

Typically, Home PNA and HomePlug leased line Internet access is combined with access methods such as DSL, WiFi, and others, i.e. Home PNA and HomePlug technologies are used for "last meters" access, and DSL, WiFi and other technologies are used as "last mile" access.

The HPNA 1.0 data transfer rate is 1 Mbps, and the distance between the most distant nodes does not exceed 150 meters. The HomePNA 2.0 specification provides access at speeds up to 10 Mbps and distances up to 350 m.

Home PNA technology is mainly used to organize a home network using network adapters. You can connect to the global network using a router through public networks. In addition, HPNA technology is designed to organize shared Internet access (for example, to connect a residential building or a house entrance to the Internet via an existing telephone wiring). The telephone line can be used for negotiations.

The HomePlug 1.0 standard for Internet access via the household electrical network supports transfer rates up to 14 Mbps. the maximum distance between nodes is up to 300 m. Renesas has released a modem in the form of a plug for data transmission over power networks.

PLC (Power Line Communication) technology allows data to be transmitted over high-voltage power lines, without additional communication lines. The computer connects to the electrical network and accesses the Internet through the same outlet. No additional cables are required to connect to your home network. Various equipment can be connected to the home network: computers, telephones, burglar alarms, refrigerators, etc.