Sooner or later, the overwhelming majority of people have a desire to have children. However, alas, not all people are capable of fertilization, conception and childbirth. But do not despair - physiological infertility is not a reason to refuse the opportunity to hear "Mom and Dad" sounding in your address. A foster child can become your own if you want to.

In Russia, there are several types of transferring a child to a new family: adoption, guardianship, and others. This article will talk about such a form as a family that accepts a child. A similar form of family education appeared in Russia not so long ago - a little over ten years ago. And very many people do not have enough information or do not know about it at all.

But it is precisely this form of raising a foster child that is the most accessible for the average family. The conditions under which it is possible to take a child into a foster family are softer than in case of adoption. First of all, the guardianship authorities take into account the decency and trustworthiness of the family, its desire to have children, and only then such factors as are evaluated:

  • The state of health of the adoptive parents.
  • Foster parents' wages.
  • The condition of the living conditions of the adoptive parents.

For the emergence of a foster family, it is necessary that the foster parents and the local guardianship and guardianship authorities enter into an agreement on the transfer of the child to the family.

Foster family agreement

The contract is drawn up in a strictly established form. It specifies such nuances as:

  • The period for which the child is transferred to foster care.
  • The conditions in which the child will live, study and grow up.
  • All those responsibilities that fall on the shoulders of adoptive parents.
  • All rights of adoptive parents.
  • Those responsibilities that are assumed by the guardianship and guardianship authorities in relation to the family that has adopted the child.

The contract is drawn up in duplicate and signed by two parties - a representative of the guardianship and guardianship authorities and one of the adoptive parents. One copy is kept in the guardianship authorities, while the second is given to the foster family.

The contract is valid for the entire period for which it is concluded. However, there are a number of specific cases in which the contract can be terminated prematurely. Such cases include:

  • Serious illness

Illness of one of the adoptive parents, which does not allow us to properly fulfill our responsibilities in relation to the child.

  • Change in the marital status of the foster family

In the event that the spouses get divorced, the agreement on the upbringing of the child in a foster family may be canceled by decision of the board of trustees. In case of divorce, the adoptive parents must notify the board of trustees of this fact within three days.

  • Change in the financial situation of the family

Of course, with a slight change in the financial situation for the worse, the guardianship and guardianship authorities will not insist on the removal of the child from the foster family. However, in the event that the adoptive parents lose their job or home, the board of trustees will realistically assess whether the adoptive parents can adequately support the minor child.

  • Personal conflicts between foster children and parents

Of course, the process of adaptation of a child in a foster family very rarely runs smoothly, without any roughness. However, if conflicts between the child and the adoptive parents arise regularly, are violent, the guardianship and guardianship authorities may raise the issue of premature termination of the contract.

  • Conflicts between children in a foster family

All of the above applies equally to conflicts between children in the family. If the parents fail to stabilize the psychological situation in the family and create a favorable microclimate, the contract may be terminated prematurely.

  • Other unfavorable factors

The occurrence of any other unfavorable factors that interfere with the normal upbringing and development of a child in a foster family can also lead to early termination of the contract.

  • Return of the adopted child to his biological parents

It is very rare, but still there are situations when people deprived of parental rights are restored to their rights in relation to a child. This happens if the parents begin to lead a normal life, create favorable conditions for the child's life, and they manage to convince the court of this, the child can be returned to them. Accordingly, the contract with the foster family is terminated ahead of schedule.

  • Adoption of an adopted child

Parents adopting a child for foster care should be well aware of the fact that a foster family is not an adoption. And the child's data is in the general database of children to be adopted. And it may happen that your adopted son or daughter, who have become your own, will like some other married couple. And if they decide to adopt a child, the guardianship and guardianship authorities will terminate the contract.

State payments to foster families

The state provides support to such foster families. At the moment when a foster family is created, a one-time payment is made from the regional budget, in the amount of 10,000 rubles for each of the children. This payment is made only once.

Further, throughout the entire term of the contract for the maintenance of each of the foster children, a certain amount is paid. The amount of payments is set by the administration of each Federal District of Russia. These funds are intended for purchase:

  • Stationery
  • Household goods
  • Clothes and shoes
  • For partial payment of utilities

In addition, all foster families, which include three or more children, both foster and their own, are entitled to all those benefits that are provided for by Russian legislation for large families. The foster family should start receiving payments as soon as the child is placed in foster care.

Foster parents' wages

Another feature of the foster family is the fact that foster parents receive wages for their work in raising a child. Its size varies and depends on facts such as:

  • From how many children were adopted into the family.
  • From what is the state of health of adopted children.

Today, for two adopted children, parents receive 4 minimum salaries, for three or more - 5 minimum salaries.

In the event that the adopted child has not reached the age of three, or has any deviations in both mental and physical development, the amount of remuneration of the adoptive parents increases by another 30%.

Responsibilities of adoptive parents

When deciding to take a foster child into their family for upbringing, parents should think carefully about everything and take this step only consciously, and not being guided only by an outburst of noble emotions. After all, we are not talking about any toy or thing that can be put on the shelf as unnecessary. The first emotional impulse passes quickly, and the little man and you live side by side for a very long time, and possibly all your life.

In accepting a child into a family, parents take on a number of responsibilities. For example, the following:

  • Take care of the child's upbringing.
  • Carefully monitor his health.
  • Create a child-friendly psychological atmosphere in the family.
  • Monitor the child's learning process.
  • Protect the rights of the child and represent his interests, including in court.

However, as a rule, in the event that the parents love their adopted child, the fulfillment of these duties does not burden them. Otherwise, it is not worth starting the whole epic with the creation of a foster family, otherwise this idea will turn into a headache and will not bring anything but disappointment.

Foster parent rights

However, in addition to a number of responsibilities, foster parents also have rights:

  • Adopt a foster child

Any married couple that meets certain requirements has the right to apply to the guardianship and guardianship authorities about the desire to create a foster family.

  • The right to personal upbringing of a child

The right to raise a foster child is exactly the same as the right to raise your own. No one has the right to tell foster parents according to what scheme to raise a baby and in what ways, unless this upbringing does not harm the physical condition and psychological health of the child.

  • Eligibility for cash benefits

As mentioned, any such family is entitled to a monthly allowance for each foster child.

  • Eligibility

There are a number of benefits for any foster family. You can get a list of these benefits from your guardianship authority.

  • The right to free medicine

Despite the fact that adoptive parents cannot get a policy of compulsory health insurance for a child, medical care for these children is also free. The guardianship authorities should take care of obtaining the poles.

  • Right to pay

As already mentioned, all foster parents have the right to timely payment for their work, in full.

  • The right to benefits provided by pension and labor legislation
  • The right to increase the length of service

According to Russian legislation, the total length of service includes the time during which parents take care of their adopted children.

Adopted Child Rights

Children adopted into foster care retain a number of rights, such as:

  • Right to alimony

All children whose biological parents are deprived of parental rights retain the right to receive alimony, regardless of whether he is in foster care or not.

  • The right to receive a social family

A child who is being raised in a foster family has the right to receive a disability or survivor's pension.

  • The right to use the living space

An adopted child has the right to retain ownership of the living space belonging to him or to the right to use it.

  • The right to keep in touch with relatives

In the event that the adoptive parents do not mind, the child can periodically meet and communicate with his blood relatives and biological parents.

Summing up

So, after reading this article, you received the most complete information about such a form of raising children left without parental care, as a similar family. Weigh the pros and cons carefully. And who knows, perhaps such a family will make you feel like parents.

And remember that it is not so important - a child is adopted, taken into care, or taken into foster care. The most important thing that is necessary for a happy joint future and a prosperous tandem "Parents - child" is your complete understanding of the child, your readiness to accept him and, of course, the most important component of success is a huge and boundless love for the child!

Children come to us in different ways. Someone comes as a "surprise", someone is waiting for a very long time, and he is finally born, so desired and long-awaited. And they are looking for someone and, having found a baby or an orphanage in the home, they bring them to their family, worrying and hoping for happiness.

How to adopt a child if such a decision is made? How to find "your" son or daughter, and what needs to be done to get permission for adoption?

What is adoption?

Adoption means not only taking care of the child, but also fully accepting him into the family as his own blood. The laws of the Russian Federation establish that an adopted child will have absolutely all the same rights as blood relatives, including the right of inheritance.

Adopting a child is the highest form of responsibility for him. From the moment the adoption order is received, this child will become a member of your family and will have all legal rights.

What rights do parents get after adopting a child?

Parents also have the right to change their child not only the surname, but also the name (if the baby is not too big), and even the place and date of birth. The latter is often used by parents in order to keep the adoption secret.

The state in this case treats the child as your own. That is, upon adoption, you may be paid a one-time allowance, but subsequently all financial worries about the children fall on the shoulders of the parents. If very young children are taken into the family, then the mother is given parental leave.

How else can you take a foster child into the family?

In addition to adoption, there are other forms of adopting children into a family - registration of guardianship / trusteeship or obtaining the status of a foster family. There are parents who consciously choose this path, because here the registration process is somewhat simpler, since it does not require going through a court hearing.

And, having received custody, you can subsequently adopt a child through a court.

What kind of children can you adopt?

According to the law, it is possible to adopt children left without parental care. This category includes:

  • orphans whose parents have died or died;
  • children whose parents independently renounced parental rights or were deprived of them by a court decision;
  • children whose parents have been reported missing or proven to be incapacitated.

An important point: you can only adopt a baby under the age of 18. At the same time, siblings will not be allowed to be taken to different families. That is, the state always takes into account the interests of children.

Remember this when you run into (in your opinion) unnecessary checks and difficulties. The guardianship and care workers just want to make sure that the child is in good conditions and that he will be well in your family.

How and where can you find your baby?

If you think that, having made a decision that you want to take a child into the family, you will go to an orphanage and will choose from several dozen children, you are, to put it mildly, mistaken. This is again due to the state's concern for children.

Databanks

First, you will be asked to familiarize yourself with the database collected by the guardianship authorities at your place of residence. Only after a correspondence choice you can get to know the baby personally. Remember, adopting a child is not an easy and fast process.

The personal files of all children who find themselves without parents are entered into a common database. It is on it that you will be asked to choose a candidate for your future acquaintance.

If your wishes are rather strict and you could not make a choice in the local base, the guardianship staff should provide you with the opportunity to familiarize yourself with the regional and federal bases.

How is the procedure for meeting a potential family member?

What should future parents do?

  1. To get acquainted not only with the photo and basic data of the adopted child.
  2. Carefully study the medical record. By the way, if you are planning an adoption, you have the right to an alternative medical check-up in order to thoroughly learn everything about the baby's health.
  3. Not only is it possible, but also you need to find out as much as possible about a potential son or daughter that you liked: why her parents were deprived of their rights, she has other blood relatives, their attitude to adoption, as well as their desire to communicate with her in the future.

If you like the child, the guardianship authorities will issue a visitation permit. It should be noted that papers are one thing, but feelings and emotions are quite another. It may also happen that after a personal meeting, you will realize that the crumb you like doesn't suit you for some reason.

Well, it may be so. In this case, you will have to write a statement to the guardianship that you will not take this baby. With an explanation of the reasons. After that, you will again be given the opportunity to familiarize yourself with the database and continue your choice.

Where else can you try to find "your" child?

In addition to the database on children in an infant home or orphanages, there are also special sites dedicated to children who can be taken into a family. You can search the federal site for orphans, find sites on the Internet for orphanages and baby homes.

Also, you can see “your” son or daughter from the TV screen or computer, learn about the child from the numerous volunteers who work in such organizations. Search! Children are not always easy.

What are the requirements for future parents?

In order to become a parent, you need to prove that you deserve it. From the outside, inquiries and checks of guardianship employees may seem unnecessary, but let's not forget that they are engaged in protecting the rights of children.

The court's decision also directly depends on the availability of all documents. An adopted baby has the right to grow up in a family where there are all the conditions for this.

  1. Parents-to-be should be healthy physically and mentally.
  2. The adoptive parent must be at least 16 years older than the adopted child.
  3. The living area should allow a baby to settle there. This also applies to the footage of the room and sanitary and hygienic standards.
  4. Prospective adoptive parents must be trained in special courses for prospective parents.
  5. By the way, not only a married couple, but also a single adult can adopt a child. Although, let's not hide, there will be a little more psychological questions for them.

  1. The family must have the financial ability to raise an adopted child. That is, income should at least slightly exceed the cost of living.
  2. An adoptive parent cannot be a person who has ever been declared incapacitated, or who has already been deprived of parental rights by court. In addition, a child will never be given to a person who has a criminal record for a deliberate crime against the health and life of other people.

Thus, in order to demonstrate their readiness for official adoption, it is necessary to bring a set of necessary documents and certificates to the guardianship authorities, as well as invite specialists to assess the condition of the dwelling.

Only after considering all these points will a decision be made about the possibility of including you in the list of foster parents.

What documents are required for adoption?

First of all, you need the very application to the guardianship and guardianship authorities with a request to evaluate your candidacy as a future parent.

In addition to it, you will need the following documents:

  • a copy of a civil passport (if the documents are submitted by a family, then copies of the passports of both husband and wife are needed);
  • certificate from the place of work on income, position held. In addition, you will be asked to bring a testimonial. If an application for adoption is submitted by a family, then both the husband and wife must bring a certificate of income;
  • a document on the medical examination of future parents. This includes not only tests for HIV, syphilis, tuberculosis, but also a paper that you are not registered in a psychiatric and narcological dispensary;
  • extract from the house book and personal account. If you own the housing, then - a document confirming this;
  • a certificate confirming the absence of a criminal record;

  • a copy of the marriage certificate (if the adoptive parents are husband and wife);
  • autobiographies of potential adoptive parents.

Algorithm of adoption: how to act for potential parents?

In order not to get confused in the process and not to waste extra time when adopting a child, we recommend that you proceed in a certain sequence.

  1. Having made the decision to take the baby into the family, sign up for the courses of foster parents. This is not only a necessary formality for the approval of your candidacy. Many parents admitted that they received a lot of useful information in these classes, learned about future difficulties and peculiarities, and also got the opportunity to take a real look at the situation, evaluate their desires and get rid of illusions.
  2. The next step is to visit the local department of guardianship and guardianship authorities. You may not bring all the certificates and necessary documents at once. But in order to have a serious talk with you, prepare at least those that do not need to be collected for a long time (passports, marriage certificate, property certificate, etc.). In addition, tune in to the fact that you will be asked "difficult" questions - about the reasons for your decision, about your living and material conditions, they will ask you to tell about yourself.
  3. During this visit, you will write a statement that you are asking for an opinion on the possibility of becoming an adoptive parent and on registering you as an adoptive parent.
  4. Now is the time to start collecting all the references and evidence. Please note that they all last for a limited amount of time, so do not stretch this "pleasure". We also add that, according to the law, all these documents must be provided to you free of charge.
  5. All the collected papers must be brought to the guardianship authorities and a paper must be written with a request to check your living conditions.
  6. After the specialists visit you, it remains to wait. You should receive the result within 10-14 days. If your candidacy is disapproved, you can take note of all the shortcomings and try to correct the situation by going through all these steps again.

  1. When you have received approval for adoption, you can proceed to the selection of the child. A lot has already been said about this above, we will add only details. The guardianship and guardianship officer is responsible for helping you choose the child you want to adopt. If “your” son or daughter is not in the local base, you have the right to consider the regional or federal base. It is not at all necessary that you find a baby in your own city, it may well be that you want to go to another city after him.
  2. When you have focused your attention on a particular child, custody will give you a referral for an acquaintance visit. Now you can go to see your future son or daughter in person. As a rule, adoptive parents are not allowed to interact with other children, so most likely the child will be invited to the office of the director of the orphanage or baby home.
  3. By law, you can meet with your child 10 times before making a final decision. It is not forbidden to visit with close relatives - future aunts-uncles and grandparents. Whether it is necessary is up to you. Remember only that if you change your mind, the baby will be seriously injured.
  4. So, you have made the decision to adopt this particular child. Now is the time to apply for the adoption in court. Sessions in court are always held behind closed doors. A representative of the guardianship authorities must be present at it. If you are married (married) it is better for both spouses to appear in court. Your responsible attitude can influence the court's decision.
  5. When submitting an application to the court, parents have the right to ask to change the child's surname, first name, and even place and date of birth. Having received a court order on adoption, you will no longer be able to change the latter.
  6. When the court makes its decision on the registration of adoption, you can go to the local registry office to get a new birth certificate for the child, where you will already be indicated as his parents. Also, a note will be made in your passport that you have a daughter or son.
  7. So, do not be confused by the "fatal" serial number of our algorithm, now you can take your child home. Happy new life to you!

Orphanage or baby home?

In our state, children who, for some reason, were left without parents, are sent either to a baby house or to an orphanage. They differ in the age of the pupils. In the first, small children live from one year to 3-4 years old, in the second - preschoolers and adolescents up to 18 years old.

Which institution to pay attention to when adopting a child is up to you. Each age has its own advantages and disadvantages. Many people think that it is best to take a very small baby, ideally a newborn.

But, of course, such children, left without parental care at such an early age, are unlikely to be enough for everyone. Moreover, grown-up children in the same way need family care and love.

State aid for adopted children

Monitoring the living standards of the adopted baby

The Russian Federation pays great attention to protecting the interests of children. After you take the child into the family, the representatives of the guardianship at the place of residence will continue to monitor the situation for several years.

As a rule, this control is expressed in the fact that in the first three years, representatives of the guardianship will visit you and check in what conditions the adopted baby lives and how the process of his adaptation is going.

If you find this unpleasant and offensive, remind yourself again that all these measures are taken only to give the child the opportunity to live well and happily.

The secret of adoption

The state also provides assistance for you. First of all, it is the secret of adoption. From now on, this is your child, and if you want the information about adoption to remain hidden from strangers, so be it. The law is there to protect your interests.

In addition, families with adopted children are provided with a number of benefits. You can find out about them from the guardianship representative you already know. Note that the state does not pay any benefits other than lump-sum benefits after the child becomes yours by law. As the saying goes, "he called himself a load - climb into the back."

Despite this, you will get much more - your child, the opportunity to feel like a parent, to open a world full of joy and new opportunities for another person.

Taking care of your baby will give you the opportunity to prove yourself from a new, better side. Of course, along this path, you will face difficulties and disappointments, but you yourself knew that adopting a child and raising as your own is not an easy task.

Introduction: guardianship or foster family

With the varieties of forms of family organization in Russian legislation, everything is much simpler than it seems. And it seems that everything is complicated, for us mainly because we are confused by the media. Incompetent journalists call all children who have found parents indiscriminately "adopted", and all families who have taken such children into upbringing are called "adopted". Whereas in reality, adoptive parents do not adopt children, but take them under guardianship. But reporters have no time to understand such subtleties - so they form one stereotype after another.

By and large, there are only two types of family arrangement in Russia - adoption and guardianship. The legal relationship between adults and a child during adoption is regulated mainly by the Family Code of the Russian Federation, and in the case of guardianship (as well as guardianship and foster family) - by the Civil Code. Guardianship differs from guardianship by the age of the child (over 14 years old), and a foster family is a paid form of guardianship when the guardian is rewarded for his work. In other words, the creation of a foster family is always based on the registration of custody or guardianship over a child. Therefore, for simplicity of perception, further the phrases "foster family" and "foster parent", as well as "guardianship" and "guardian" will be encountered only where it is impossible to do without them. In all other cases - "guardianship" and "guardian".

Despite the fact that adoption is considered a priority form of family arrangement in the Russian Federation, today more and more citizens who want to adopt a child with a difficult fate into their family are choosing guardianship and its derivatives. Why? Based on the interests of the child. After all in the case of registration of guardianship, the child retains his orphan status, and, consequently, all benefits due from the state, payments and other benefits.

Choosing between adoption and custody, many parents put the material side of the issue at the forefront. In many regions, adoptive parents receive substantial lump sum payments. For example, residents of the Kaliningrad region can receive 615 thousand rubles for the purchase of living space on the ownership of an adopted child. And in the Pskov region they give out 500 thousand rubles without any restrictions on their use. And not only to Pskov, but to adoptive parents from any region.

In addition, since 2013, when adopting sisters and brothers, or disabled children or adolescents over 10 years old, the state pays 100 thousand rubles to parents at a time. And if the adopted child is the second in the family, then the parents can also apply for maternity capital. All these payments are a good help for improving the living conditions of the family. But, as mentioned earlier, in the event of adoption, an orphan becomes an ordinary Russian child, losing all the "orphan capital", including their own housing.

On the other hand, for a child, especially an older child, it is extremely important to realize that he is not a “foster child”, but an adopted one - that is, he has become a family member not only in the hearts of close people, but also in documents. However, quite often it is simply impossible to prefer adoption: if there are restrictions on the forms of family arrangement. So, if the biological parents of the baby are not deprived of parental rights, but only limited in them, then only two forms of arrangement will be possible for the child: custody (guardianship) or a foster family.

Choosing between paid and unpaid care, many wealthy families choose the second option - they say, why should we receive remuneration for raising a child, we will raise him for free. Meanwhile, these small (3-5 thousand rubles per month, depending on the region) money can be used to create the child's own savings - after all, no one bothers to open a replenishment deposit in the name of his ward, and form a decent amount by his age: for a wedding , study, the first car, etc.

Custody or foster family? The choice always remains with those adults who make a responsible decision to accept a child with a difficult fate into their family. The main thing is that this choice should be made in the name of the child and in defense of his interests.

Who can become a guardian and what is PDS

The question in the title of this section could be answered briefly: "any adult capable citizen of the Russian Federation." If not for some "except".

So, before collecting documents for registration of custody, make sure that you do not:

1) have been deprived of parental rights.

2) were limited in parental rights.

3) were removed from the duties of a guardian (curator).

4) were an adoptive parent and the adoption was canceled through your fault.

5) you have an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for grave or especially grave crimes.

6) * have or have had a criminal record, or are or have been subjected to criminal prosecution for crimes against life and health, freedom, honor and dignity of the person (with the exception of illegal placement in a psychiatric hospital, libel and insult), sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual, as well as for crimes against family and minors, public health and public morals and public safety (* - this item can be ignored if criminal prosecution was terminated on exonerating grounds).

7) are married to a person of the same sex, registered in any state where such marriage is permitted, or not married to a person of the opposite sex, being a citizen of that state.

8) have chronic alcoholism or drug addiction

9) cannot exercise parental rights for health reasons **.

10) live with persons suffering from diseases that pose a danger to others ***.

** - the lists of these diseases can be found in Appendix 2
*** - lists of these diseases can be found in Appendix 2

Another important point without a particle of "not": a citizen applying for the high title of guardian must undergo psychological, pedagogical and legal training - to have a certificate from the School of Foster Parents (PPS).

What does the training in PDS give in addition to the coveted certificate? Foster parent schools set themselves many tasks, the first of which is to help candidates for guardians in determining their readiness to adopt a child, in realizing the real problems and difficulties that they will have to face in the process of raising a child. In addition, IDS identifies and forms in citizens the educational and parenting skills necessary, including for protecting the rights and health of the child, creating a safe environment for him, successful socialization, education and development of the child.

However, you will not be obliged to undergo training in the PDS if you (in accordance with article 146 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation):

You are or have been an adoptive parent and the adoption has not been revoked.

You are or have been a guardian (trustee), and have not been removed from the performance of the duties assigned to you

A close relative of the child ****.

**** - read about the benefits of close relatives in Appendix 3

Studying at the School of Foster Parents - free... The guardianship and guardianship authorities of your region should take care of this, they will also issue a referral to the PDS. In the process of passing the program, which, by the way, must be approved by the Ministry of Education and Science, you may be offered to undergo a psychological examination - pay attention - with your consent... The results of this survey are advisory in nature and are taken into account when appointing a guardian, along with:

The moral and other personal qualities of the guardian;

The ability of the guardian to carry out their duties;

The relationship between the guardian and the child;

The attitude of the family members of the guardian towards the child;

The attitude of the child himself to the prospect of upbringing in the family offered to him (if this is possible due to his age and intellect).

The child's desire to see a certain person as his guardian.

Relationship degree (aunt / nephews, grandmother / grandson, brother / sister, etc.), properties (daughter-in-law / mother-in-law), former properties (former stepmother / former stepson), etc.

Collecting documents

Are you sure that none of the exceptions or circumstances outlined in the previous chapter prevent you from becoming a guardian? Then it remained to prove this to the guardianship and guardianship authorities by providing them with information about yourself.

If you want to issue guardianship as soon as possible (and most of the host parents want this), then it is better not to wait until the guardianship and trusteeship specialists request information from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, medical and other organizations. Start to act yourself: collecting documents can be done in parallel with training in the PDS. The necessary forms can be obtained from the guardianship and trusteeship specialists, or you can print it yourself.

There are not so many documents separating you from the conclusion of the guardianship and guardianship authority on the possibility of being a guardian. Another question is that some of the "pieces of paper" are given by tens of hours of queues in different institutions. Therefore, to save time and nerves, it is extremely important to understand which documents should be dealt with in the first place.

So, when collecting documents, it is advisable to adhere to the following order:

1. Medical report. This point requires the most explanation. First, the medical examination of potential guardians is carried out is free... If any of the healthcare institutions in your city do not agree with this, you can safely refer to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 332 dated September 10, 1996. Secondly, the same order introduced the form №164 / u-96, on which you have to collect two dozen seals and stamps. In total, it provides the conclusions of eight specialist doctors - a narcologist, psychiatrist, dermatovenerologist, oncologist, neuropathologist, infectious disease specialist, therapist - plus the signature of the head physician of the polyclinic at the place of your registration. As a rule, all doctors meet halfway, and put their "not detected" as quickly as possible. At the same time, as in any bureaucracy, incidents are possible. So, in some cities, an appointment with a narcologist and a psychiatrist will not be allowed before passing fluorography. And without the stamps of these specialists, an infectious disease specialist will refuse to talk to you, whose test results have to wait up to two weeks. It is advisable to ask about all this those who have already undergone such a medical examination in your region. And to plan the "chain" that is optimal in terms of time and logic.

2. Help from the Information Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs(no criminal record, etc.). The police have the right to produce this document within a month, but, as a rule, they also work faster when a future guardian makes a request - especially if you have been registered in one subject of the Russian Federation all your life.

3. Certificate of income for 12 months... Much depends on the accountant at your place of work, and financiers, as you know, are wayward and focused people. They may also delay the issuance of a 2-NDFL statement if the quarterly report does not allow being distracted by such trifles. Therefore, it is better to request the document in advance. If you have no income (only one spouse is working), then the personal income tax of the husband / wife will do. Or any other document confirming income (for example, a bank statement of account movements).

4.Document from utility companies - HOA / DEZ / UK - at the place of registration... A copy of a financial personal account or other document confirming the right to use the residential premises or the right of ownership to it.

5. Written consent of all adult family members to accept the child into the family(taking into account the opinion of children living with you who have reached the age of 10). Written in free form.

6. Autobiography... The usual resume will do: born, studied, career, awards and titles.

7. Copy of marriage certificate(if you are married).

8. Copy of pension certificate(SNILS).

9. Certificate of completion of training and (PDS).

10. Application requesting appointment as guardian.

In some regions of Russia, the entire package of documents can be sent via the Internet using the "Single portal of public services". But, of course, it is better to take the documents personally, taking your passport with you. And get acquainted with those specialists of the guardianship and trusteeship body who will later congratulate you on the addition to the family.

Please note: absolutely all documents, their copies and other information necessary for establishing guardianship are provided is free... The "shelf life" of the most important documents (points 2-4) is one year. The medical certificate is valid for six months.

We communicate with the guardianship and guardianship authorities

So, your package of documents is in the guardianship and guardianship authorities. But even if all the documents are perfect, in order to register you, the last document is missing, which the specialists will prepare themselves after a visit to your home. This visit must take place within 7 days after the submission of the main package of documents. We are talking about the act of examining the living conditions of a citizen who has expressed a desire to become a guardian.

In this act, the guardianship and trusteeship authority assesses "living conditions, personal qualities and motives of the applicant, his ability to raise a child, the relationship that has developed between family members." In practice, it looks like this: specialists come to visit you, and, examining the housing, ask additional questions and fill out their form, where they make the necessary notes. It makes no sense to curry favor with specialists or, conversely, get into a pose, irritated by the interference of strangers in private life. Just tell it as it is. If there are obvious shortcomings (for example, lack of space for activities, toys) - share your plans on how you are going to fix it. Truth is always the best choice.

It happens that the specialists of the guardianship authorities are not satisfied with the footage of the living space per child. Sometimes "crampedness" is imaginary: when the number of people registered in the apartment exceeds the number of citizens actually living. It is easy to prove this by providing additional documents confirming the residence of the "absent" at other addresses. If there are really few meters (the standards for the minimum living space in each region and municipality are different and tend to increase), but the conditions for the child are comfortable, then the guardianship and guardianship authority must proceed from the interests of the child. It will be useful to recall the December presidential decree "On some measures to implement state policy in the field of protecting orphans and children left without parental care." It talks about lowering the requirements for the standard of living space when placing children in a family. If this does not help, the approved examination report can be challenged in court.

The survey report is drawn up within 3 days, after which it is approved by the authorities, and sent to you - within 3 more days. And only after that, the guardianship and trusteeship body connects the entire package of documents and issues an opinion on the possibility of a citizen to be a guardian. This can take up to 10 days. In case of a positive decision, this conclusion will become the basis for registration - an entry in the journal is made within 3 more days.

The conclusion on the possibility of being a guardian is a document valid for two whole years throughout the territory of Russia. With it, you can apply to any guardianship and guardianship authority or to any regional operator of the Federal Database with a request for the selection of a child. On the basis of the same conclusion, the guardianship and trusteeship body at the place of residence of the child will draw up an act on the appointment of you as a guardian.

We are looking for a child and arrange custody

We have repeatedly talked about how to find "your" baby (or not a baby at all). If you intend to take a child into your family in your region, you can search officially, through the regional operator of the Federal Database (FBD). But if you are ready to go for a child even across the whole country, and look for him everywhere at the same time, this option will not work, because you will not be able to apply to the second operator until the first one fulfills your request. In addition, the search using regional operators is designed in such a way that you need to select a number of parameters - the age of the child, the color of the eyes and hair, the presence of siblings, etc.

In practice, many happy and successful adoptive parents ended up taking into the family not the children they planned to find. Everything was decided by the visual image of the child - once seeing a video or photo, the parents could no longer think of anyone else, and completely forgot about the preferences that they had envisioned for themselves. Thus, children with "unpopular" colors of eyes and hair, with bouquets of diseases, along with brothers and sisters, went to families. After all, the heart does not understand the parameters of FBD.

You can not only see, but also hear the voice of your unborn child in the Change One Life video questionnaire database - the largest in Russia. In a short video you will see how the child plays, moves, what he can do and hear what he lives and what he dreams about.

After the child is found, you are obliged to get to know him and establish contact, and also have the right to familiarize himself with the documents from the child's personal file and examine the medical report on his state of health. To do this, you need to send an application to the appropriate regional operator and fill out a questionnaire. Within 10 days, you will be given information about the child. And if you are ready to go further - a referral for acquaintance.

Suppose everything ended well: you visited the child several times, perhaps even asked him for a short walk, and established the very "contact" that was mentioned in the direction. Then the most important thing remained: to draw up an act on the appointment of a guardian.

This act is attention! - drawn up by the guardianship and trusteeship authority at the place of residence of the child... If the boarding school or orphanage where the child is brought up is far away, try to negotiate with the specialists so that they try to accept the application and draw up the act in one day - otherwise you will have to travel to the remote settlement twice.

If everything goes well, you will be invited to the guardianship and guardianship authority to obtain the act and certificate of the guardian, and the institution will prepare the child and his documents.

Preparing for a new life

So, we can congratulate you: you were given a certificate of guardian, and the child leaves the boarding school and goes to the family!

Together with the child, you will be given a couple of kilograms of documents from his personal file against signature *. Do not rush to put them in folders: at home you will have only a part of the documents: the student case (if any) will go to school, and the rest will go to the archive of the guardianship and trusteeship body at the place of your now residence(registration), where you still have to register.

* - a list of the child's documents can be found in Appendix 4

There you also write an application for the payment of a lump sum to you (today it ranges from 12.4 to 17.5 thousand rubles - depending on the region) and, if you wish, an application for creating a foster family. After you register, you have to perform a number of other actions - such as opening a current account in the name of the child (obtaining a Savings Book), temporary registration of the child at the place of your registration, applying for a tax deduction, etc. Specialists of the guardianship and guardianship authorities will tell you about all this. And they will also have to give you an order - permission to spend the money transferred monthly for the maintenance of the child.

If the child is of school age, you will also need to enroll him in school (it is better to take care of this in advance), inclusion in the preferential lists for summer vacations. If you plan to travel abroad, take care of obtaining a passport for a minor. If the child has savings, transfer them to a profitable replenishment deposit in a reliable bank.

There is a lot of trouble, but most of them are pleasant. After all, these are the first manifestations of caring for the child and protecting his interests by you, already as his legal representative.

We arrange a foster family

If you nevertheless decide to register a foster family, then for this you need to return to the specialists of the guardianship and guardianship authority, and draw up an appropriate agreement. The contract is concluded within 10 days from the date of your appointment as a guardian and must provide for:

1. information about the child or children placed in foster care (name, age, health status, physical and mental development);

2. the duration of the contract (ie the period for which the child is placed in a foster family);

3. conditions of maintenance, upbringing and education of a child or children;

4. the rights and obligations of adoptive parents;

5. the rights and obligations in relation to the adoptive parents of the guardianship and guardianship authority;

6. the grounds and consequences of the termination of such an agreement.

As soon as the agreement is signed, gratuitous guardianship turns into remunerated one. And now, not a certificate of a guardian, but an order to create a foster family will become the main document that says that you are the legal representative of the child.

At the office of the guardianship and trusteeship body, you will have to write another application - for the payment of a monthly fee. As a rule, it is equal to the size of the minimum wage in the region. If specified in the contract, then you may also be paid remuneration from the income from the child's property, but not more than 5% of the income for the reporting period during which the foster parent managed this property.

The contract can be concluded both for one child and for several children. Please note - if the registration at the child's place of residence is changed, the contract is terminated and a new one is concluded.

In preparing the material, the data of the manual "Social and legal foundations for the placement of children without parental care in family forms of upbringing" were used (Family G.V., Golovan A.I., Zueva N.L., Zaitseva N.G.), prepared with the assistance of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Center for the Development of Social Projects, and taking into accountfederal legislation as ofon October 1, 2013.

Adoption issues are the most painful and responsible, because, taking upon themselves all the hardships of raising a baby, people do not fully realize that this legal procedure will change their lives forever. In our country, there is no such massiveness in the desire to become foster parents, as, for example, in the United States, and hundreds of thousands of children continue to be in government institutions - baby homes, orphanages, boarding schools.

Dear Readers! Our articles talk about typical ways of solving legal issues, but each case is unique.

If you want to know how to solve exactly your problem - contact the online consultant form on the right or call the phones below. It's fast and free!

With regard to adoption from a baby house, the process has the same sequence and principles as when taking from a hospital. But babies of all ages are kept in the baby house, facial features have already formed, the color of the eye and hair has been established and manifested. The desire of future parents to choose the child they like, the desired gender and age is understandable.

After the approval of the candidacies, the PLO will give special permission to visit the baby's home, where you can preview the database, and then get to know the little man who needs a family.

If it suddenly turns out that the child cannot be picked up according to the image formed in the thoughts, you can contact nearby baby homes located in neighboring cities, villages, where you can apply with a conclusion about the possibility of becoming adoptive parents.

Having studied the information about the children, their data on the card index in the database, you should look again and again, get acquainted until your heart skips.

Then the court located at the location of the children's institution, at the suit of the adoptive parents, with the participation of representatives of the PLO, having considered all the documents, within the time limit established by law, will most likely make a positive decision, after the entry into force of which, with a copy of the court decision, the chosen lucky one can be taken home ...

If you are going to get married (get married), then the article about changing your surname after marriage will also come in handy.

So that the child considers himself to be a relative and family relations are not complicated by the fact that the adopted child found out about his appearance in the family, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation contains Article 155, according to which the secrecy of adoption must be respected.

The circle of people who are aware of this scrupulous legal procedure cannot be called narrow: they are workers of the PLO, the baby house, the court. To eliminate the human factor and the danger of disclosure, the law allows you to change not only the name of the child, but also the date of birth, and even the place of birth... The difference in the period between the actual and fictitious dates of birth should not exceed three months.

Of course, the secret of adoption makes sense when they take a baby in a maternity hospital or in a baby's house, and if they took a child from an orphanage, who already remembers a lot and realizes that these are not the people who gave birth to him, then there is no point in creating a halo of mystery around the fact of adoption.

Benefits for adopted children

Adopted children are equated with relatives, therefore the laws of the Russian Federation provide for payments for adoptive parents in the same amounts and terms as for parents in ordinary families - sick leave, if the child is taken from the hospital, benefits until the child reaches the age of 1.5 years, etc. ...

Adopters can get a lump sum if they apply with an application within 6 months from the date of the trial (from the actual date of adoption), but not a day later. In 2015, this one-time benefit is RUB 14,497.

Reading time: 8 minutes

The number of couples who do not have children for various reasons is increasing every year. And so I want the house to be filled with children's laughter. The problem of childless marriage can be resolved through the adoption procedure. How to adopt a child from a baby house, so that he, even a genetically alien one, eventually becomes family and friends, brings the joy of raising his own child to the life of the spouses.

Who can become an adoptive parent

The state, in the role of guardianship and guardianship authorities, before handing over the child to new parents, must make sure that the foster family does not consist of people who have been convicted, deprived of their paternal rights, are disabled, but will be able to provide the child with decent living and upbringing conditions. ... The legislation of the Russian Federation establishes a list of persons who can act as an adoptive parent:

  1. According to the Civil Code, any mentally healthy citizen can become adoptive parents, provided they reach the age of 21. The exception is those who are already related to this child - then the requirements for the age of the adoptive parent can be lowered.
  2. Both a married couple in an official marriage and people living together without registration can become a mom and dad.
  3. Foster parents must be at least fifteen years older than the child.
  4. If only the husband or wife wants to adopt a child, the other parent must write a written consent, certified by a notary.
  5. A single woman or a single man is allowed to adopt a baby. In this case, the single mother or father is subsequently assigned this status with the corresponding benefits.

Can a single woman or man adopt a child?

In Russia, the adoption of a child by a single woman or man is not legally prohibited. But in practice, it is much more difficult for a single mother or single man to become an official parent, even with a good job and a comfortable home - specialists of the guardianship authorities will look closely at such adoptive parents. The very procedure for entering into parental rights for single people is not fundamentally different from the standard procedure. Therefore, whether you are married or not, it does not really matter.

For whom it is impossible

Not everyone is allowed to adopt a baby, and the categories of these persons are strictly prescribed by law. If you cannot provide for the child, you have no home, poor health, you are on trial, in all these cases the baby will suffer. According to the law, children cannot be adopted:

  1. Disabled persons, both fully and partially recognized as disabled, as well as couples where one spouse is disabled.
  2. People undergoing treatment or registered with a narcologist or psychiatrist.
  3. People deprived of maternal or paternal rights.
  4. Those who have already officially adopted a baby, but lost the right to do so through their own fault.
  5. Those who do not have a residence permit, as well as living in an apartment or house that does not meet sanitary requirements.
  6. Those with low earnings, which makes it impossible to provide the child with at least a living wage.
  7. Same-sex married couple.
  8. If at least one future parent has a criminal record.

What you need to adopt a child from a baby house

If you have made a decision to take up a baby, remember that the adoption procedure is lengthy. After you have found a child, you will need to collect a package of all the necessary documents, submit them to the court to make a decision on adoption. Sometimes you may need the help of a lawyer.

You need to study Russian laws related to the adoption procedure. A candidate applying for the role of an adoptive parent, in addition to his rights and obligations, must examine the powers of the guardianship authorities. The rules for adopting a baby, addresses of orphanages, baby homes or maternity hospitals can be found in the department for adoption and protection of children's rights, as well as from representatives of the regional guardianship authorities (ROO). You can find information about orphans and refuseniks in the same place, from representatives of the RPO.

Some guardianship bodies, charities may post brief information about children, photos and videos of babies on the network. Please note that such organizations can only give you information about children, but they cannot act as intermediaries for their adoption. In order not to have additional problems, contact exclusively the state guardianship services. Keep a close eye on how legal the adoption procedure is.

What documents are required

A special commission appointed in the guardianship authorities must consider your documents and issue its opinion no later than a month later. This opinion will be required when filing with the judicial authorities to obtain permission for adoption. To obtain the right to adopt a child, it is necessary to submit an application to the district guardianship and trusteeship authorities at the place of registration, to which they attach:

  1. A short autobiography.
  2. Medical certificate issued by the place of residence. The certificate must confirm that the spouses do not have diseases that are contraindicated for adoption. To do this, you will have to visit the AIDS center, tuberculosis, narcological, oncological, skin-venereal and neuropsychiatric dispensaries. The certificates must be issued on special forms issued by the guardianship and guardianship authorities.
  3. A copy of your marriage registration certificate, if any.
  4. Notarized consent that your wife or husband is not against adoption (if only one spouse is going to become an adoptive parent).
  5. A certificate from the place of work, or a certificate issued in the form of 2-NDFL. From it, the RPO will learn about your position and the amount of monthly payments. If the candidates are entrepreneurs, then it is necessary to submit an income tax return.
  6. At the place of registration of candidates, do not forget to take an extract from the personal account, or house book. The statement must list the people living at the given address. If the future parents are homeowners, then present a certificate for an apartment or house.
  7. A certificate taken from the police on the absence of a criminal record.
  8. A positive testimonial issued at the place of work for both spouses.

Family payments

Adoption is currently the preferred form of child placement in the legal aspect. Unlike children in foster care, an officially adopted child receives social and legal rights, including the right to inheritance, just like his own baby. In addition to federal benefits, adoptive families are eligible for regional payments and child benefits that you need to inquire about in your city. Foster parents are eligible for the following federal benefits:

  1. Lump sum. Paid once upon transfer of the adopted baby to the parents. The initial indexed benefit amount is 8 thousand rubles.
  2. Maternity benefits (but if your child was over 3 months old at the time of adoption, you will not receive benefits).
  3. A monthly allowance based on the average earnings of the adoptive parent for the last 2 years. It is paid until the child reaches one and a half years.
  4. Maternity capital to one parent, in the presence of two or more babies, both native and adopted.
  5. For each child, a payment of 100 thousand rubles is also given, in the following cases:
  6. The disability of the adopted child.
  7. If at the time of adoption the child is over seven years old.
  8. When adopting children who are consanguineous (who are brothers or sisters).

How to adopt a newborn from a maternity hospital

Taking your baby directly to the hospital can be difficult. For many reasons, many couples want newborn babies; in order to take a refusenik, they have to stand in line, for which, in addition to contacting an RPO, it is necessary to submit an application for the adoption of an infant.

It's best if you start looking for a refusenik yourself. Are representatives of the local guardianship and guardianship authorities telling you that there are currently no refuseniks in the district maternity hospital? You have every right to apply to the guardianship of other areas with an opinion issued to you. And if the search for the crumb turns out to be successful, the maternity hospital will offer you a refusal baby, then the guardianship is obliged to give you all the necessary information about the crumb. Then you go to meet a child who needs a home and a family so much.

Having decided to adopt a baby, you sign an application for adoption and, together with the guardianship authorities, submit an application to the judicial authorities, already for making a final decision. As soon as the court gives its permission, you can officially be considered the parents of the baby, and receive an official birth certificate and a mark in the passport from the registry office.

Please note that it will not work to take a child who is only a few days old. The refuseniks are transferred to the children's hospital from the maternity hospital, where they undergo medical examination. The state is obliged to provide guardians and adoptive parents with maximum information about the health of the baby transferred to the family - future parents must be notified of the child's down syndrome or any other serious diseases.

On average, clinical examination takes one month, and in the presence of specific candidates for parents - a little faster. Please note that a child who was kept in an orphanage is rarely healthy, but this is corrected with proper care and love. It is more difficult to take a child under one year old than an older one. There is a queue for such kids, but there are always chances.