The type of educational institution is determined in accordance with the level and focus of the educational programs it implements. Today we can talk about the existence of the following types of educational institutions:

Preschool;

General education (primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general education);

Initial vocational education;

Secondary vocational education;

Higher professional education;

Postgraduate vocational education;

Additional education for adults;

Additional education for children;

For orphans and children left without parental care (legal representatives);

Special (correctional) (for students, pupils with developmental disabilities);

Other institutions involved in the educational process.

The first five types of educational institutions are the main and most common, in this regard, we will briefly consider some of their features.

Preschool educational institutions (DOU) are a type of educational institution that implements general educational programs of preschool education of various orientations. The main tasks of preschool educational institutions are: ensuring the upbringing and early education of children; ensuring the protection and strengthening of the physical and mental health of children; ensuring the development of the individual abilities of children; implementation of the necessary correction of deviations in the development of children; interacting with the family to ensure the full development of the child.



Traditionally, preschool educational institutions meet the needs of children aged 3 to 7 years. Nursery-kindergarten is intended for visiting children 1 - 3 years old, and in some cases - from 2 months to a year. Preschool educational institutions in accordance with their focus are divided into five main types

Kindergarten of general developmental type - with priority implementation of one or several directions of development of pupils (intellectual, artistic and aesthetic, physical, etc.).

Kindergartens and kindergartens of general developmental type are traditional preschool educational institutions in which basic preschool education programs are implemented in accordance with established state standards. The main goal of the implementation of these educational programs is the intellectual, artistic, aesthetic, moral and physical development of young children. Depending on the capabilities of one or another preschool institution (material and technical equipment, educational and pedagogical staff, etc.), they can carry out not only traditional educational programs for education and training, but also some other priority educational areas (teaching drawing , music, choreography, language skills, foreign languages).

Kindergarten of a compensatory type - with priority implementation of qualified correction of deviations in the physical and mental development of pupils.

Kindergartens of this type are specialized and are created for children with various disabilities in physical and (or) mental development (including deaf, hearing impaired and late-blind, blind, visually impaired and late-blind children, children with severe speech impairments, with musculoskeletal disorders. apparatus, with mental retardation, for mentally retarded and other children with developmental disabilities). Children with developmental disabilities can also be admitted to preschool educational institutions of any other type if there are conditions for correctional work. In this case, admission is carried out only with the consent of the parents (legal representatives) on the conclusion of the psychological-pedagogical and medical-pedagogical commissions. Educational programs, methods (technologies) of upbringing, correction and treatment in a preschool educational institution of this type are developed taking into account the specific specifics of the deviations in children. The material and technical equipment of such kindergartens is somewhat different from the usual ones, since these children need special care. Physiotherapy, massage, speech therapy and other rooms are being created for children; swimming pools; phytobars and diet canteens; special devices and equipment in groups, etc. The number of correctional groups and their occupancy in kindergarten, both compensatory and conventional, are determined by the charter of the preschool educational institution, depending on the sanitary standards and conditions necessary for the implementation of the process of education, training and correction. As a rule, the maximum occupancy of the group (depending on the specific type) should not exceed 6-15 people.

Kindergarten of supervision and health improvement - with priority implementation of sanitary and hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures.

These kindergartens are mainly designed for children under the age of three. The main attention is paid to sanitary and hygienic conditions, prevention and prophylaxis of diseases in children. Recreational and strengthening and basic educational and training activities are carried out.

Combined kindergarten. Children's educational institutions of this type may include general education, compensatory and health-improving groups in various combinations.

Child Development Center - a kindergarten with the implementation of physical and mental development, correction and health improvement of all pupils.

Child development centers focus on an individual approach to each child. The priority areas are the intellectual and artistic and aesthetic development of children: the development of personal motivation for knowledge and creativity; health promotion and meeting the needs of children in physical education and sports. For the implementation of the educational process and health promotion in these educational institutions, play, physical culture and health-improving complexes are created; swimming pools; computer classes. Art studios, children's theaters, various circles, sections can be organized - and all this within the framework of one child development center. In addition to educators, psychologists, speech therapists, and other specialists are involved with children. In such an institution, a child can be both the whole day and a certain number of hours (attend any separate classes) - at the discretion of the parents.

Most kindergartens are municipal and / or state educational institutions. However, in recent years, many private (non-state) preschool educational institutions have appeared.

If the parents believe that the standard set of educational services offered is sufficient for the child, as well as in the case of a difficult material family or for other reasons (for example, the choice of preschool educational institutions is limited), then it makes sense to assign the child to a state or municipal preschool institution. The order of recruiting a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder. In budgetary preschool educational institutions, first of all, children of working single parents, students of mothers, invalids of I and II groups are admitted; children from large families; children in care; children whose parents (one of the parents) are in military service; children of the unemployed and internally displaced persons, students. The number of groups in such preschool educational institutions is determined by the founder based on their maximum occupancy, adopted when calculating the budget funding standard. As a rule, groups (depending on the type of group) should not contain more than 8-20 children.

In the case when parents have money and make increased demands on the organization of the educational and recreational process in kindergarten and an individual approach to the child, it is worth choosing a non-state (private) preschool institution. Such preschool educational institutions have at their disposal swimming pools, sometimes saunas, large playrooms, expensive educational and play material, superior sleeping rooms, the highest quality and extremely varied diet, as well as other benefits, the provision of which, of course, requires significant material costs ... The number of people in groups usually does not exceed 10 people, and the educational programs being implemented are focused on more in-depth and variable teaching of children.

However, all the amenities listed above, as well as additional educational and educational programs, can currently be offered on a paid basis by state and municipal preschool institutions, which have the right to provide additional paid educational and other services subject to their licensing. As for the process of education and training, in almost any preschool institution, the basic comprehensive educational program established by law is taken as a basis. There are many preschool educational programs and technologies at present, these are programs: "Origins", "Rainbow", "Childhood", "Development", "Kindergarten-House of Joy", "Golden Key" and others. All of them are focused on the proper provision of upbringing and early education of children, the development of their individual characteristics. Thus, it is not at all necessary to look for a private kindergarten, but you can use the services provided by a state or municipal preschool educational institution for a separate additional fee. In any case, when choosing a preschool institution, you should take care of the child's interests, taking into account his desires, and not about satisfying his own ambitions in the prestige of the educational level provided to him. teachers), it is worth seriously thinking about how right they are doing when making such a decision .. So that in the future, when such a child adapts to school life, there are no problems, at least a short visit to kindergarten is recommended. After all, it is in a preschool institution that a child acquires the skills of communicating with peers, learns to navigate in a group, to compare collective interests with his own. All this takes place under the direct supervision of educators and teachers. No matter how high-quality home education is, it cannot fully provide all that a child could receive by attending kindergarten.

In addition to the actual preschool educational institutions, there are also educational institutions for children of preschool and primary school age. In such institutions, both general education programs of preschool education and programs of primary general education are implemented. Such educational institutions are created for children aged 3-10 years, and in exceptional cases - from an earlier age. It can be:

Kindergarten - primary school;

Kindergarten of a compensatory type (with the implementation of a qualified correction of deviations in the physical and mental development of pupils and students) - primary school;

Progymnasium (with the priority implementation of one or several directions of development of pupils and students (intellectual, artistic and aesthetic, physical, etc.)). In the gymnasiums, children are prepared for admission to the gymnasium

General educational institutions, depending on the levels of educational programs being implemented, are divided into the following types.

Primary general education school - implements a general education program of primary general education (the standard term for mastering is 4 years). Primary school is the first (primary) stage of school education, at which children acquire basic (fundamental) knowledge for further education - receiving basic general education. The main tasks of institutions of primary general education are the upbringing and development of students, their mastery of reading, writing, counting, basic skills of educational activities, elements of theoretical thinking, the simplest skills of self-control, culture of behavior and speech, the basics of personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle.

At present, the primary general education school is represented by three main state systems of education: the traditional, the system of developing education by L. V. Zankov and the system of developing education by D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov. In educational institutions of the elementary level, such experimental programs as "Harmony", "Primary School of the XXI Century", "Perspective", "School of Russia" and others are being implemented. All of them are aimed at in-depth study of academic subjects and expanded intellectual and moral development of students.

The main general education school implements general education programs of basic general education (the standard term for mastering is 5 years - the second (main) stage of general education). The tasks of basic general education are to create conditions for the upbringing, formation and formation of the student's personality, for the development of his inclinations, interests and ability to social self-determination. Basic general education is the basis for obtaining secondary (complete) general education, primary and secondary vocational education. Primary general education programs may be implemented in a basic general education school.

Secondary general education school. - implements general education programs of secondary (complete) general education (the standard term for mastering is 2 years - the third (senior) stage of general education). The tasks of secondary (complete) general education are the development of interest in knowledge and the creative abilities of the student, the formation of skills for independent learning activities based on the differentiation of learning. Secondary (complete) general education is the basis for obtaining primary vocational, secondary vocational (under reduced accelerated programs) and higher vocational education.

In accordance with the Concept for the modernization of Russian education for the period up to 2010, approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1756-r dated December 29, 2001, specialized education is provided for at the third stage of a general education school, implemented through the creation of specialized schools. Profile education is a means of differentiation and individualization of education, which allows, due to changes in the structure, content and organization of the educational process, to fully take into account the interests, inclinations and abilities of students, to create conditions for teaching senior students in accordance with their professional interests and intentions in relation to continuing education ... Profile training is aimed at the implementation of a student-centered educational process and socialization of students, including taking into account the real needs of the labor market. A profile school is the main institutional form of implementing the goal of profile education. In the future, other forms of organizing specialized training are also envisaged, including those that would put the implementation of the relevant educational standards and programs outside the walls of a separate educational institution. For the most effective implementation of the process of profile training, direct contact of the profile school with institutions of primary, secondary and higher vocational education is provided.

The preliminary stage in the introduction of profile education is the beginning of the transition to pre-profile education in the last (9th) grade of the main stage of general education.

In secondary general education schools, educational programs of primary general and basic general education can also be implemented.

Secondary comprehensive school with in-depth study of individual subjects - implements general education programs of secondary (complete) general education, providing additional (in-depth) training of students in one or several subjects. Can implement educational programs of primary general and basic general education. The main task of such schools (sometimes they are called special schools) is teaching (in addition to basic educational subjects) within the framework of a narrow specialization in a particular subject (s). This significantly distinguishes special schools from gymnasiums and lyceums, which implement a wide range of additional academic disciplines. For the most part, these are sports special schools, schools with in-depth study of foreign languages ​​and physics and mathematics schools.

Gymnasium - general education programs of basic general and secondary (complete) general education are implemented, providing additional (in-depth) training of students, as a rule, in subjects of a humanitarian profile. Much attention is paid to the study of foreign languages, cultural and philosophical disciplines. Grammar schools can implement general education programs of primary general education. In most cases, children with heightened motivation for learning study in gymnasiums. Gymnasium classes can also be organized in ordinary general education schools.

Lyceum is an educational institution that implements general education programs of basic general and secondary (complete) general education. In lyceums, an in-depth study of a group of academic subjects is organized in a specific profile (technical, natural science, aesthetic, physical and mathematical, etc.). Lyceums, like gymnasiums, can implement general education programs of primary general education. Lyceums are designed to create optimal conditions for the moral, aesthetic, and physical development of students with mature interests in the choice of a profession and further education. Individualized curricula and plans are widely practiced in lyceums. Lyceums can be created as independent educational institutions, or they can function as lyceum classes of ordinary general education schools, in cooperation with higher educational institutions and industrial enterprises. Currently, some lyceums have the status of experimental educational institutions with author's models and teaching technologies.

Primary vocational education institutions. Not so long ago, in our country, negligent students were scared: "If you do not study well, if you do not take up your mind, you will go to vocational school!" Moreover, this "horror story" was more than real. After graduating from basic school, teenagers from disadvantaged families (unsuccessful and the like) went straight to vocational technical schools (PTU), where they were taught work skills and tried to raise “pedagogically neglected” children as worthy citizens of our society. Since graduates of schools received a "ticket" to vocational schools, often not of their own free will, they studied carelessly - only a small part of vocational school students after graduating from college were employed in their specialty. Because of this, these educational institutions did not have the best reputation, and the percentage of retaining vocational school graduates in their jobs barely exceeded 50%. However, time does not stand still, and, according to statistics, at present the percentage of employment in working specialties of this group of young people is approaching 80%. And if you consider that unemployment in Russia is still very high, then it is worth considering what is better: higher education from scratch (immediately after graduating from high school) and the possible status of unemployed upon completion of studies at a university or a vocational school graduate diploma, guaranteed earnings, work experience and the possibility of further training? Working specialties have always been needed, and nowadays, when a significant part of the younger generation dreams of becoming businessmen and managers, looking for easy ways to earn money, the need for qualified workers is only growing.

The main goal of primary vocational education institutions is to train skilled workers (workers and employees) in all the main areas of socially useful activity on the basis of basic general and secondary (complete) general education. It should be noted that this formulation of the main goal of primary vocational education is somewhat outdated. At present, it can be formulated in a new way - the maximum satisfaction of the needs of all sectors of the domestic economy by qualified professional workers and specialists.

Initial vocational education is a good start for continuing education in the chosen specialty or getting a new one with the already existing baggage of professional knowledge and work practical skills.

Primary vocational education institutions include:

Professional institute;

Professional Lyceum;

Training center (point);

Training and production center;

Technical School;

Evening (shift) school.

Vocational schools (construction, sewing, electrical, communications, etc.) are the main type of institution of primary vocational education, in which the most massive training of qualified professional workers and specialists is carried out. The standard terms of study are 2-3 years (depending on the level of education upon admission, the chosen specialty, profession). On the basis of vocational schools, innovative methods can be developed and implemented in the field of primary vocational education in the appropriate profile of training qualified personnel that provide a high level of vocational education and training that satisfy the needs of the individual and production.

Vocational lyceums (technical, construction, commercial, etc.) are a center of continuous vocational education, which, as a rule, provides inter-sectoral and inter-regional training of qualified specialists and workers in complex, science-intensive professions. In vocational lyceums, you can get not only a specific profession with an increased level of qualifications and complete secondary (complete) general education, but also, in some cases, acquire a secondary vocational education. This type of institution is a kind of support center for the development of primary vocational education, on the basis of which scientific research can be carried out to improve the content of the educational process, educational and program documentation, ensuring the training of competitive personnel in the conditions of market relations.

A training center (point), a training and production center, a technical school (mining and mechanical, seaworthy, forestry, etc.), an evening (shift) school implement educational programs for retraining, advanced training of workers and specialists, as well as training workers and specialists the corresponding qualification level for an accelerated form of study.

In addition to the fact that training in budgetary (state and municipal) institutions of primary vocational education is free, their students are guaranteed the provision of scholarships, places in hostels, preferential or free meals, as well as other types of benefits and material assistance in accordance with the competence of the educational institution and current standards. ...

Educational institutions of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institutions). The main goals and objectives of educational institutions of secondary vocational education are:

Training of middle-level specialists on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education;

Meeting the needs of the labor market (taking into account the industry needs of the economic sector) in specialists with secondary vocational education;

With an appropriate license, educational institutions of secondary vocational education can implement educational programs for primary vocational education and additional vocational educational programs for secondary vocational and primary vocational education.

Secondary specialized educational institutions include a technical school and a college.

Technical school (school) (agricultural, irrigation and drainage technical school; river, pedagogical school, etc.) - implements the main professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of the basic level.

College (medical, economic, etc.) - implements the main professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of the basic and advanced levels.

In technical schools and colleges, vocational training is carried out at a more complex level than in institutions of primary vocational education, and, accordingly, it is much more difficult to enroll in them. The main professional educational programs of secondary vocational education can be mastered in various forms of training, which differ in the volume of classroom studies and the organization of the educational process: full-time, part-time (evening), part-time or in the form of external studies. A combination of various forms of training is allowed. The normative terms of training in educational programs of secondary vocational education are established by the state educational standard of secondary vocational education. As a rule, training lasts 3 - 4 years. In necessary cases, the duration of training for specific educational programs of secondary vocational education can be increased in comparison with the standard training duration. The decision to increase the duration of study is made by the state authority or local self-government body, which is in charge of the secondary specialized educational institution. For persons with primary vocational education of the relevant profile, secondary vocational or higher vocational education or other sufficient level of prior training and (or) abilities, training is allowed under reduced or accelerated educational programs of secondary vocational education, the implementation procedure for which is established by the federal educational administration.

A large number of graduates of educational institutions of secondary vocational education receive a sufficiently high theoretical level of knowledge, abilities and skills, which allows them to work in their specialty for several years in the future without obtaining a higher professional education. In some cases, a diploma of secondary specialized education gives the right to receive higher professional education (as a rule, in the same specialty, but already of a higher level) in a shorter period of time (up to three years). Students of secondary vocational institutions can combine work with education, and if this level of education is acquired for the first time, and the educational institution has state accreditation, they can use the benefits established by the labor legislation of the Russian Federation (study leave, free travel to the place of study, etc.).

By the way, this rule also applies to students of educational institutions of primary vocational education. Full-time students receiving secondary vocational education at the expense of budgetary funds are provided with scholarships in accordance with the established procedure. A specialized secondary educational institution, within the limits of available budgetary and non-budgetary funds, independently in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, develops and implements measures of social support for students, including establishing scholarships and other social benefits and benefits depending on their financial situation and academic success. For success in mastering educational programs, in experimental design and other work, various forms of moral and material encouragement are established for students. Students in need of living space are provided with places in a hostel if there is an appropriate housing stock of a secondary specialized educational institution.

Educational institutions of higher professional education (higher education institutions). It makes no sense to speak especially about the priority of higher education, since it was, is and always will be. The development of a market economy, scientific and technological progress dictate new requirements, which cannot be met without a high level of education. In recent years, it has become the norm to have two or more higher educations.

The problem in obtaining higher education is solvable, the question remains only for its quality. A diploma of graduation from a particular university, of course, you can buy, such services now, unfortunately, take place, but it is impossible to acquire true knowledge for a fee without the proper desire of the student himself and the corresponding efforts of a higher educational institution.

The goals and objectives of educational institutions of higher professional education are:

Training and retraining of specialists of the appropriate level on the basis of secondary (complete) general, secondary vocational education;

Meeting the needs of the state in qualified specialists with higher education and scientific and pedagogical personnel of higher qualifications;

Training, retraining and advanced training of specialists and managers;

Organization and implementation of fundamental and applied scientific research and other scientific and technical, experimental and design work, including on education issues;

Meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education.

In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on education, the following types of higher educational institutions are established: institute, university, academy. These higher educational institutions (each in accordance with its own specifics) implement educational programs of higher professional education; educational programs of postgraduate professional education; carry out training, retraining and (or) advanced training of employees for a specific area of ​​professional, scientific and scientific-pedagogical activity. On the basis of universities and academies, university and academic complexes can be created, uniting educational institutions that implement educational programs of various levels, other institutions and non-profit organizations or structural divisions separated from their composition. Higher educational institutions of any kind (including their branches) can implement educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general, primary and secondary vocational education, as well as additional vocational education if they have an appropriate license.


School is an educational institution of primary, basic and complete secondary education. The standard school curriculum of general secondary education is designed for grades 10-12 and, accordingly, years of study.

The main course of the school provides basic knowledge in the main areas of science. Training is carried out according to a standard state program

Types of schools

Secondary schools are designed to create conditions for learning any category of students. Many schools open additional classes: correctional and developmental, with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceum, gymnasium, specialized in universities, as well as departments of external studies, family and home education.

School with in-depth study of individual subjects

Students have the opportunity to study in depth one or more subjects of the chosen field of knowledge.

Schools with ethnocultural (national) educational content

The educational programs of such schools take into account linguistic and national traditions (Jewish, Georgian).

Religious (confessional) schools

An educational institution where, along with the study of general education subjects, considerable attention is paid to the study of religion.

Admission

Children start school at 6 or 7 years old; graduate at 17 or 18 years old.

From April 1, all Russian schools start enrolling children in the first grade. Parents have the right to submit copies of documents and enroll the child in more than one school, while the presence of the child is not required. Preference is given to children from nearby areas and homes.

    Required documents (originals):
  • statement,
  • child's medical record,
  • birth certificate,
  • parent's identity document.

From September 1, 2011, new educational standards for primary schools come into force. They provide training to work on a computer from the first grade and ten hours of extracurricular activities. In this regard, when choosing a school, it makes sense to ask: is the computer class equipped, what circles and sections are there, how many teachers of additional education, is there a canteen and an extended day group.

Features of training

The working day at school consists of lessons (40-45 minutes) and breaks (5-20 minutes). In most schools, an after-school group is organized where children relax, eat, do their homework if there is no way to go home.

The school teaches subjects of four groups: humanitarian, natural science, exact, art subjects. Most schools have a variety of free clubs and sections.

History

The development of secondary education in Russia was difficult and lengthy.

From the beginning of its formation and in the future, the school had a class character for a long time.

In the XV-XVI centuries. in secondary education was a classical education, which was taught in gymnasiums, as a rule, to children from the wealthiest families in order to prepare for the university.

Education became more orderly and accessible at the end of the 18th century, when in 1766 the first school charter in the history of our state was adopted.

At this time in Russia, along with general education, special education received in schools became widespread.

A new school charter was adopted in 1804. On its basis, gymnasiums, district and parish schools began to be created.

Since 1917, the Soviet government has set the main task of raising the general average level of education and culture of the peoples. The constitution provided citizens with the right to education.

By 1936, elementary school covered almost the entire child population. In the future, Soviet school education developed very successfully, its experience is used to this day in different countries.

Until 1986, the school curriculum was 10 years old. Currently, schools have switched to 11-year education.

1. Educational organizations are divided into types in accordance with educational programs, the implementation of which is the main goal of their activities.

2. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations are established that implement basic educational programs:

1) preschool educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities on educational programs of preschool education, childcare and supervision;

2) a general educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities on educational programs of primary general, basic general and (or) secondary general education;

3) professional educational organization - an educational organization that carries out, as the main goal of its activities, educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education and (or) in vocational training programs;

4) educational organization of higher education - an educational organization that carries out educational activities on educational programs of higher education and scientific activities as the main goal of its activities.

3. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations are established that implement additional educational programs:

1) organization of additional education - an educational organization that carries out educational activities for additional general educational programs as the main goal of its activities;

2) organization of additional professional education - an educational organization that carries out educational activities for additional professional programs as the main goal of its activities.

4. Educational organizations specified in parts 2 and this article have the right to carry out educational activities in the following educational programs, the implementation of which is not the main purpose of their activities:

1) preschool educational organizations - additional general developmental programs;

2) educational organizations - educational programs for preschool education, additional general educational programs, vocational training programs;

3) professional educational organizations - basic general education programs, additional general education programs, additional professional programs;

(see text in previous edition)

4) educational institutions of higher education - basic general education programs, educational programs of secondary vocational education, vocational training programs, additional general education programs, additional vocational programs;

5) organization of additional education - educational programs of preschool education, vocational training programs;

6) organization of additional vocational education - training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, additional general education programs, vocational training programs.

5. The name of the educational organization must contain an indication of its organizational and legal form and the type of educational organization.

6. In the name of an educational organization, names may be used that indicate the features of the educational activities carried out (the level and focus of educational programs, the integration of various types of educational programs, the content of the educational program, special conditions for their implementation and (or) special educational needs of students), as well as additionally performed functions related to the provision of education (maintenance, treatment, rehabilitation, correction, psychological and pedagogical support, boarding school, research, technological activities and other functions).

If you are interested in the types and types of educational institutions, or sports classes in a general education school, types and types of primary schools, filter the search results by audience - "School". The first document in the list - the expert's explanation "Type and types of educational institutions" - will partially answer the question asked (Fig. 1).

So, in accordance with sub. 2 p. 4 art. 12 of the Law of the Russian Federation of 10.07.1992 No. 3266-1 "On Education" there are the following types of educational institutions:

  • primary general education;
  • basic general education;
  • secondary (complete) general education.

The types of educational institutions are indicated in clause 1 of the Model Regulations on Educational Institutions, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03.19.2001 No. 196:

  • primary general education school;
  • basic general education school;
  • middle School of General education;
  • secondary general education school with in-depth study of individual subjects;
  • gymnasium;
  • lyceum.

There is another principle of classification of educational institutions - depending on the specifics of their legal status.

Classification of types of educational institutions

At present, according to the Federal Law of 08.05.2010 No. 83-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Improvement of the Legal Status of State (Municipal) Institutions", all state and municipal institutions, including preschool and general education are divided into three types:

  • autonomous;
  • budget;
  • state-owned.

New career opportunities

Try it for free!... For passing - a diploma of professional retraining. Training materials are presented in the format of visual abstracts with expert video lectures, accompanied by the necessary templates and examples.

To find out how they differ, enter a new query in the search bar " Autonomous, budgetary and state institutions". The first document in the list of materials obtained as a result of the search will make it possible to find out the main differences between state-owned and autonomous and budgetary ones.

You can search for information in the electronic system "Education" not only using the search string, but also using the rubricator. It is located on the Main page and is a set of root thematic headings, subheadings and materials included in them. In order to see the subheadings and the materials included in them, you must click on the "+" sign in front of the name of the category.

  1. "Expert materials";
  2. "Templates and Examples";
  3. "Normative base".

If you click on the plus in front of the name of the sub-heading "Expert materials", a list of experts' answers to questions that relate to the topic of interest to us will appear (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2

In the sub-heading "Templates and examples" there are local acts of institutions of different types, including the statutes of autonomous, budgetary and state-owned organizations in the education sector, and in the sub-heading "Normative base" -: Federal Law of 08.05.2010 No. 83-FZ "On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation in connection with the improvement of the legal status of state (municipal) institutions ", Federal Law of 12.01.1996 No. 7-FZ" On Non-Profit Organizations ", etc. Any document can be opened by clicking on its name with the left button mice.

FIND OUT MORE about the "Education" electronic system by obtaining

Educational institutions of each type can be subdivided into types (within their own type).

Types of preschool educational organization:

-Kindergarten(implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation);

-kindergarten for young children(implements the main general educational program of preschool education in general development groups for children aged 2 months to 3 years, creates conditions for social adaptation and early socialization of children);

-kindergarten for children of preschool (senior preschool) age(implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation, as well as, if necessary, in groups of compensatory and combined orientation for children aged 5 to 7 years with priority implementation of activities to ensure equal starting opportunities for teaching children in educational institutions);

- kindergarten of compensating type(implements the main general educational program of preschool education in compensatory groups with priority implementation of activities for the qualified correction of disabilities in the physical and (or) mental development of one or more categories of children with disabilities);

- child development center - kindergarten(implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation with the priority implementation of activities for the development of children in several areas, such as cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic and physical). And etc.

Types of educational organization:

a) primary general education school- implements a general education program of primary general education;

b) basic general education school- implements general education programs of primary general and basic general education;

v) middle School of General education- implements general education programs of primary general, basic general and secondary (complete) general education;

G ) secondary school with in-depth study of individual subjects- implements general education programs of primary general, basic general and secondary (complete) general education, providing additional (in-depth) training of students in one or several subjects;

e) gymnasium- implements general education programs of basic general and secondary (complete) general education, providing additional (in-depth) training of students in subjects of the humanitarian profile, and can implement a general education program of primary general education;

e) lyceum- implements general education programs of basic general and secondary (complete) general education, providing additional (in-depth) training of students in subjects of a technical or natural science profile, and can implement a general education program of primary general education.

e) special (correctional) educational organizations (institutions) are created for deaf, hearing impaired and late-deaf, blind, visually impaired and late-blind children, children with severe speech impairments, musculoskeletal disorders, mental retardation, mentally retarded and other children with developmental disabilities;

g) educational institutions (organizations) for children with deviant behavior, there are open types and closed types:

An institution (organization) of an open type performs the functions of a preventive institution that ensures the development of a pupil's personality and is created for children and adolescents: with stable illegal behavior; subjected to any form of psychological violence; those who refuse to attend educational institutions, who have difficulties in communicating with their parents:

An institution (organization) of a closed type is created for minors who have committed socially dangerous acts provided for The Criminal Code The Russian Federation who need special conditions for education and training and require a special pedagogical approach;

h) sanatorium-forest school - a boarding-type educational institution intended for teaching school-age children (from 7 to 14 years old) who need long-term treatment, who have chronic diseases (with diseases of the cardiovascular system, closed forms of tuberculosis, patients with rheumatism, etc.). );

i) boarding schools - an educational organization with a round-the-clock stay of students, created in order to educate children, the formation of their skills of independent life and the full disclosure of creative abilities. According to the contingent there are: for orphans and children left without parental care; for children with disabilities (visually impaired, hearing impaired, etc.); for children with abilities (selected including at the Olympiads, see, for example, above); for "difficult" adolescents, that is, those who have not reached the age of majority, who have not committed any criminal offenses, but give every reason to assume that this is a matter of time (with frequent drives to the police for hooliganism, who are registered in the children's room of the police, or detained for vagrancy, for other reasons). According to the educational program, they are distinguished: general education, special, with in-depth study of some disciplines, correctional, with training focused on limited abilities.

Types of professional educational organization:

a) technical College- a specialized secondary educational institution that implements the basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training;

b) college- a secondary specialized educational institution that implements the basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training and programs of secondary vocational education of advanced training. And etc.

Types of educational organization of higher education

a) the university

Implements educational programs of higher and postgraduate professional education in many areas of training (specialties);

Carries out training, retraining and (or) advanced training of highly qualified workers, scientific and scientific-pedagogical workers;

Carries out fundamental and applied scientific research in a wide range of sciences;

b) academy- higher education institution, which:

Implements educational programs of higher and postgraduate professional education;

Carries out training, retraining and (or) advanced training of highly qualified workers for a specific area of ​​scientific and scientific-pedagogical activity;

Carries out fundamental and applied scientific research mainly in one area of ​​science or culture;

It is a leading scientific and methodological center in the field of its activity;

v) institute- higher education institution, which:

Implements educational programs of higher professional education, as well as, as a rule, educational programs of postgraduate professional education;

Carries out training, retraining and (or) advanced training of employees for a specific area of ​​professional activity;

Conducts fundamental and (or) applied scientific research.

Types of organization of additional education:

Centers for additional education of children, the development of creativity of children and youth, creative development and humanitarian education, children's creativity, extracurricular work, children's (youth) technical creativity (scientific and technical, young technicians), children's and youth tourism and excursions (young tourists), aesthetic upbringing of children (culture, arts or by types of arts), children's and youth center, children's (teenage) center, children's environmental (health and ecological, ecological and biological) center, children's marine center, children's (youth) center, children's health and educational (profile) center;

Palaces of children's (youth) creativity, creativity of children and youth, student youth, pioneers and schoolchildren, young naturalists, sports for children and youth, artistic creativity (education) of children, children's culture (arts);

Houses of children's creativity, childhood and youth, student youth, pioneers and schoolchildren, young naturalists, children's (youth) technical creativity (young technicians), children's and youth tourism and excursions (young tourists), artistic creativity (education) of children, children's culture ( arts);

Stations for young naturalists, children's (youth) technical creativity (scientific and technical, young technicians), children's and youth tourism and excursions (young tourists), children's ecological (ecological and biological) station;

Children's art school, including arts; in various fields of science and technology;

Children and youth sports schools;

Stations (for young naturalists, technical creativity, children's ecological, children's and youth tourism and excursions;

Children's park;

Club of young sailors, river sailors, aviators, cosmonauts, parachutists, paratroopers, border guards, radio operators, firefighters, motorists, children's ecological club, young naturalists, technical creativity, tourism and excursions, youth physical training;

Children's recreation and educational camp;

Palaces of culture and sports.

Types of organization of additional professional education

Advanced training academies- leading scientific and educational centers of additional vocational education mainly in one area of ​​knowledge, providing training for highly qualified personnel, conducting fundamental and applied research and providing the necessary consulting, scientific, methodological and information and analytical assistance to other educational institutions for advanced training.

Advanced training institutes- educational institutions for advanced training and professional retraining of specialists in an industry (a number of industries) or a region, whose activities are aimed at meeting the needs of enterprises (associations), organizations and institutions for advanced training and professional retraining of specialists, conducting scientific research, providing consulting and methodological assistance.

The following educational institutions for continuing education are also referred to advanced training institutions:

training centers for professional retraining, advanced training and ensuring the employment of servicemen dismissed from the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, citizens dismissed from military service, whose activities are aimed at organizing professional retraining for civilian specialties of this category of citizens, as well as their family members;

cross-sectoral regional centers for advanced training and professional retraining of specialists, whose activities are coordinating and aimed at meeting the needs of the region in improving the qualifications of personnel, scientific, methodological and information support of educational institutions for advanced training located in the region, regardless of their departmental subordination.

training courses (schools, centers), training centers of the employment service- educational institutions for advanced training, in which specialists, unemployed citizens, unemployed population and released workers of enterprises (associations), organizations and institutions are trained in order to acquire new knowledge and practical skills necessary for professional activity.

3. Federal state bodies and bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising state management in the field of education, and local self-government bodies, exercising management in the field of education, consultative, advisory and other bodies created by them

State administration in the field of education is carried out at the following levels:

The first, federal, level includes educational authorities of national importance. These include federal education authorities (the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and other federal bodies related to the education system, for example, the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science - Rosobrnadzor).

The jurisdiction of the federal educational authorities includes issues of a strategic nature.

The second level of education management bodies is the government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the authorities in the field of education (the Ministry of Education and Youth Policy of the Chuvash Republic, the Department of Education of Moscow, the Ministry of Education of the Rostov Region, etc.).

The educational authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation determine the specifics of the implementation of federal laws and regulations in their regions and resolve issues of regional importance.

The third, local, level includes local government bodies of municipal districts and urban districts in the field of education (education management under local administrations, district education departments, territorial departments).

At this level, issues of local importance in the field of education are resolved.