Geographically, the zone of mixed forests occupies a territory between the tundra and the region of subtropics. Here we grow like coniferous trees - pines, larchs, ate and deciduous - beech, chestnuts, birch. The undergrowth, formed by a thick shrub, is often difficult, and under the trees of snow is less than allowing the beasts to find a bit of food here. Some of the animals inhabiting here lie in a hibernation, others overcome long distances in search of food.

Winter in the forest.

In winter, cold, snow and short days prevent the growth and blossom of herbs and shrubs. Many herbivores, experiencing a shortage of food, move in the field with a softer climate. Some animals prepare their holes dug in the ground or arranged in natural deepens (dupes, caves) to fall into a long sleep (hibernation), which will last all winter months, interrupting only brief awakening. Many holes are filled with food collected in the summer, but sometimes animals are enough and subcutaneous fat accumulated during the warm season, which allows them to survive long winter. There are in the forest and such inhabitants who do not go anywhere from hidden places and do not fall into hibernation: they find me impregnate in thick thickets, where less than snow.

Many animals fill their holes with acorns and other edible reserves.

In the spring and summer, the hares feed on young shoots, roots and gentle grass, and in the winter they can be satisfied with the bark of shrubs and small trees.

In winter, the forest seems uninhabited, but in fact he is full of life. Mammals and reptiles and amphibians only hugged in their noras, where in hibernation they spend cold winter in anticipation of the spring awakening of nature.

The badger holds the winter in the hole underground. Young usually stay with your mother, but they can hide in their own mink.

Canadian forests and groves.

In the north of the American continent there is Canada, a large country rich in forests. As you move north, you can see as deciduous trees I give up the place of coniferous, more resistant to harsh winter cold.

Basically, carnivore animals live in these areas: Fox Ordinary and Silver-Black, Wolves, Wolverine, as well as bears, who often attack other animals, although they are mainly fed.

The northern part of Canada is very extensive and unclosed. Here is a bad message and a harsh climate: only three months in the year the temperature rises to + 10 0 s, and only during this period, nature wakes up. The rest of the year with difficulty piercing vegetation is food of herbivores. Lakes, rivers and the sea are filled with ice. In such conditions, only a few animals lead a settling lifestyle. The main mass migrates moves with the onset of autumn south.

It will be not about Kunitsa as such, but about all the representatives of the Kunih family, which includes: Cute, sable, ermine, caress, mink, otter, chore. Because of their skins, these animals taiga are the most sought-after hunting. Meat do not eat them in food, it gives it to the dogs, and only their fur has the price. Cunits have a complex behavior and developed at the level of a three-year-old child Motoric paws. Love to engage in gymnastics. Young cubicities spend almost all the time in games. During games, reconcile. Live cunits to 20 years. Feed rodents, small birds and bird eggs. During the hunt, the Kutnica shifts the victim of the vertebral neck, turns the tongue into the tube and drinks blood from another living victim.

Sobol is active at twilight, at night, but often hunting and day. An individual hunting section of a sable is from 150 - 200 hectares to 1500 - 2000 hectares, sometimes more. The boundaries of the individual plot are taken by the secret of the anal glands. Eagerly feeds vegetable food. Favorite food - cedar nuts, rowan, blueberries. The berries pars, blueberries, cherry, rosehip, currant eaten eagerly eating berries. The nesting shelters - in the dupes of the fallen and standing trees, in stone places, under roots.

The hunt for kunih is the main activity of professional hunters-commercials. Get hunting with the help of various samols, mostly cutters, dies, trap. Often use privada - in the form of a dead bird, for example.

Hare

Most often in the northern forests, the populations of Belyaka are dominated in the northern forests, and the European hare is very rarely found - the hare-rusak. Hare Rusak differs from his northern colleague by not changing the coat of fur in the winter.

In the norm, Belyaki lead a single territorial lifestyle, occupying individual sections in 3-30 hectares. For the most part, this is a settling beast, and its movements are limited to seasonal change of feed. In the fall and winter is characterized by seasonal relocations in the forest; In the spring - to open places where the first grass appears.

Mostly twilight and night animal forest. The most active in the preliminary and foresharging hours. Usually, the feeding (album) begins with the sunset and ends to the dawn, but in the summer there is not enough night, and the hares feed in the morning. Petropod forest animal. In the summer in the tundra hares, fleeing from the gnus, go to daytime food. In thaw, snowfall and rainy weather, the Belyak often does not go to the feed. On such days, the loss of energy partially fills coprophage (eating excrement). In winter, in severe frosts, the hare root in the snow is 0.5-1.5 m long, in which it can carry out a whole day and leave only with danger. Roy Nurra, the Belyak compacts snow, and does not throw it out.

From the scene to the place of the softer, the hares run on the same route, especially in winter. At the same time, they nathapt the trails that several animals usually use. In winter, even a man without skis can go on a well-hopping path. Walking on the laying, the hare usually moves long jumps and confuses traces, making t. N. "Dummers" (return on their trace) and "Smeat" (big jumping away from the trace).

Wolverine

Very tricky and arrogant beast. Wides a single lifestyle. Pretty twirl in your behavior and, at the same time, very careful. Meet him in the forest is not so simple. The Lairovo of Wolverine arranges under the stewed roots, in Rasseks of the rocks and other secluded places, comes out in the twilight. Unlike most Cuns, leading a settling lifestyle, Wolverine constantly pokes the search for mining in its individual area, which takes up to 1500-2000 sq. Km. Thanks to powerful paws, long claws and tail, which plays the role of a balancer, Wolverine easily climbs on trees. It has sharp vision, hearing and smell. Pubs sounds similar to the fox tanking, but more rude.

Wolverine with the mined partridge Baby Wolverine

Wolverine is omnivorous, it does not disappear to Padalu, also likes to eat the remains after the meal of larger animals Taiga, for example, a bear. Mostly hunts to hare - Belyaka, Teterov, Ryabchikov, partridges, rodents. Sometimes hunts on larger animals, for example, elk calves, wounded or sick animals. It is often ruining wintering hunters and abducts mining from tray. In the summer there eats bird eggs, larvae OS, berries and honey. Catching fish - worn or during spawning, willingly pick up curling fish. Hufts on birds, grabbing them on Earth, when they are sleeping or sitting on sockets. It is a sanitation, destroying weak and sick animals. May attack a person if driven into the angle.

Wolverine, like lyry, well-tamed animals, in captivity they live up to 17 years old, in the wild - about 12.

Beaver

Another animal forest, dwells everywhere. Habitats are floodplains. Beaver is a major rodent adapted to a semi-water lifestyle. Beaver has a beautiful fur, which consists of coarse oily hair and very thick silk squeezing. Fur painting - from light-chestnut to dark-brown, sometimes black. The tail and limbs are black. It is an object of fishing hunt, first of all because of the fur, is also used in the meat of the beard. In the anal area there are steam glands, wen, and the beaver jet itself, which also distinguishes a very smelling secret.

The smell of beaver jet serves as a guide to other premiums about the border of the beaver area, it is unique as fingerprints. The secret of wiring used in conjunction with the jet allows longer to maintain a beaver mark in the "working" state due to the oil structure, which evaporates much longer the secrets of the beaver jet. Due to intensive production by the beginning of the 20th century, Beaver was almost exterminated at most of the range.

Live beavers like or families. The full family consists of 5-8 individuals: couples and young beavers - the rating of the past and current years. Family plot sometimes deals with family for many generations. A small reservoir takes one family or idle beaver. On larger reservoirs, the length of the family site along the coast ranges from 0.3 to 2.9 km. Beavers are rare from water rarely by more than 200 m. Between the beavers communicate with the help of fragile labels, poses, impacts on the water and screams resembling whistle. With the danger, the floating beaver loudly slams the tail on the water and dives. Cotton serves for all beavers within hearing alarm. Active beavers at night and at dusk.

Live beavers in Norah or Khatka. The entrance to the dwelling of the beaver for safety is always located under water. Bobra holes are digging in steep and clutched shores; They are a complex labyrinth with 4-5 inputs. Walls and ceiling holes diligently roll up and tamper. The living chamber inside the hole is arranged at a depth of no more than 1 m. The width of the residential chamber is a little more than a meter, the height is 40-50 centimeters. Huts are built in places where the ruin is impossible, - on gentle and low wetched shores and on the shallows.

Bobras strictly vegetatively. They feed on the bark and shoots of trees, preferring aspen, Ivu, poplar and birches, as well as various herbaceous plants.

Muskrat

Here is someone who is, and the exhaust is really the most rare animal taiga. It is located on the verge of extinction, listed in the Red Book of Russia. It is almost unrealistic to meet her on the shores of the taiga reservoirs. It is found mainly in southern taiga and mixed forests of Europe. Relatively large beast: a body of a length of 18 - 22 cm, the tail is the same, the mass until 520 g. The exhaust is almost blind, but they have a developed sense of smell and touch. Most often prefer to settle in closed floodplain reservoirs. Most of the year, animals live in Norah with one way out. The exit is under water. The main part of the stroke is located above the water level.

In the summer, the exhausts live by one, couples or families, and in the winter in the same hole can live up to 12-13 animals of different sexes and age. Each animal has temporarily visited holes located at a distance of 25-30 m one from another. Such a distance of the exhaust is sailing along the connective trench for the normal period of its stay under water - in 1 minute. On the earth's surface, the exhaust can not quickly move and becomes a victim of predators.

On the face of the disappearance of the exhaust in Russia, such factors as cutting down floodplain forests, pollution of water bodies, where animals dwell, draining floodplain, which worsens the conditions for the production of feed and protection, construction of dams and dams, as well as development on the shores of water bodies, the creation of reservoirs, Grazing cattle near reservoirs.

Currently, the exhaust can be maintained thanks to special methods and non-traditional organizational forms, namely, the creation of specialized hunting farms, the main principle of activity of which is the rational use and protection of these animals. Natural factors that negatively affect its number include long-term winter floods and high floods.

Squirrel

One of the most cute animals of northern forests. The view is completely toy, the squirrel attracts the attention of children. The protein is not dangerous for a person, unless it can scratch if it feels a danger to offspring. One of the well-known distinctive features of many proteins is their ability to store nuts for the winter. Some species bury nuts to the ground, others hide them in the voupels of trees. As scientists believe, the poor memory of certain types of protein, in particular, gray, helps to keep forests, as they bury nuts to the ground and forget about them, and new trees appear from the sprout seeds. Protein is a source of valuable fur. It is an object of commercial hunting. Skin skin stands within 50 - 100 r.

Unlike hares or deer, proteins are not able to absorb the fiber and therefore they are mainly powered by vegetation rich in proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The most difficult time for the protein is the early spring, when the buried seeds begin to germinate and can no longer serve as food, and new people have not slept. Despite the widespread opinion, the proteins are omnivores: besides nuts, seeds, fruits, mushrooms and green vegetation, they also eat insects, eggs and even small birds, mammals and frogs. Very often, this food replaces nuts in tropical countries.

Proteins often accurate their teeth about the branch of trees, but not able to distinguish the branches from electrical wires. In the US, proteins twice in history caused a lowering of the Exchange Index of High Technologies NASDAQ and caused a cascade disconnection of electricity in the University of Alabami.

Belera Meat can be eaten if producing protein loops during survival in the taiga. In the old days of the Aborigines of the Northern Urals, the people of Manci from the petty-caliber rifle shot the squirrels directly into the eyes - in order not to spoil the skirt.

Chipmunk

Another rodent, resembling a squirrel, and not for nothing that resembles, because the chipmunks and proteins are from one family. Depending on the type, the weight of the chipmunks can be from 30 to 120 g, and the size - from 5 to 15 cm with a tail length from 7 to 12 cm. A distinctive feature of all species are five dark strips along the back, separated by white or gray stripes. Chipmunk, like a protein, wood-inhabitant. In open places and in a purely high-ranking forest without a undergrowth of young swords and shrubs, he never lives. Especially loves the chipmunk places littered by Bully and the Veretnik, where it is convenient to hide.

Nibble walnut Chipmock

For the winter, the chipmunks fall asleep not so tight, like, for example, gophers or synts. They wake up among the winter, reinforce a little, and then fall asleep again. The chipmunks are very fond of warm and clear weather and at the beginning of spring, when it is still quite cool, there are not at all as we used to see them in good summer days. Usually funny, fat and movable, animals in the first days of spring spend on the air only two or three hours a day and do not depart away from their mink, but, climbing the trees branches, eat the kidneys somewhere nearby. Slissed and low-modular, they love at this time to climb on the tops of still bare trees and sit quietly there, basking in the rays of the spring sun.

When the person approaches, the chipmuncture makes a ripple "quicing" or whistle. While a person is still far away, this whistling is heard relatively rarely and alternates with long silence, and the animal sits on the rear paws and carefully examines the approaching. Just pushing a person or his dog steps to 20-30, the chipmunk rushes to run. On running, he often repeats the alarming signal so that it was possible to learn in the whistle to find out, the chipmunk sits on the spot or runs. The chipmunk has many enemies, mainly among small predatory animals and predatory birds. But sometimes it is pursued by such major predators like a bear.

Hedgehog

Also a very funny representative of the animal world of the forest. An ordinary yoke inhabits a wide variety of places, avoiding extensive marshes and solid coniferous arrays. Prefers edges, transfer, small glades, floodplains of rivers. He may well live next to a man. Ordinary Yozh is an animal, active at night. Does not love to leave your home for a long time. The day of the hedgehog is carried out in the nest or other shelters. Gnobs are built in bushes, pits, caves, abandoned Norah rodents or in the roots of trees. With the help of long middle fingers on the legs of the hedgehog take care of their spines. Chest animals lick the tongue. In nature, these animals live 3 - 5 years old, in captivity can live to 8-10 years.

Ordinary hedgehogs are pretty fast animals for their sizes. They are able to run at a speed of up to 3 m / s, they know how to swim and jump.

Yeah rally, the basis of their nutrition is adult insects, caterpillars, slugs, sometimes rainworms. In natural conditions, the vertebrates rarely attack, most often the victims of the hedge become the discovered reptiles and amphibians. Berries and fruit can eat from plants.

Yozh can be a carrier of diseases such as dermatomycosis, yellow fever, salmonellosis, leptospirosis, rabies. They are ticks and fleas in large quantities. In the forest lands, hedgehog collects ticks, including encephalitis, more than any other animals, because their spiny cover, like a brush, counts hungry ticks from the grass. From ticks, climbed between the needles, the Yozh is not able to get rid of.

Many strong poisons act unusually weakly weakly on the hijacks: arsenic, sulema, opium and even blue acid. They are quite resistant to the poison of Gadyuk. The widespread belief is that Jerzy can eat food on needles, is erroneous.

Harvest mouse

Mice are growing deep holes, in which the nests are built from grass. Depending on the type, the mouse can be active in the afternoon or at night. They feed on roots, seeds, berries, nuts and insects. May be carriers of causative agents of tick-borne encephalitis, tularemia, rickettsiosis, feverware and other diseases. Meat is suitable for eating.

South of the tundra stretches extensive taiga forests, which stretched from Siberia through Eastern Europe, Scandinavia and Canada to Alaska and as if a belt length of 12 thousand km cover the most northern regions of the Earth. In these boreal, or northern, coniferous forests, such evergreen trees are growing as spruce and pines, as well as dropping the needles of larch for winter.

The undergrowth is not very thick here. The ground is covered with moss, lichen and grass. Despite the rather cold climate, many animals are coached here.

Animals of coniferous forests

Crossbill

Clest in its own way adapted to life in taiga. It feeds almost exclusively by seeds of coniferous trees, which was reflected in the structure of his beak. The hook ends of the beak from the blade crossed out, thanks to which he deftly removes seeds from the coys of the cheeks leaves coniferous forests only when they lack feed. Often in search of new rich foods, they fly long distances.

Squirrel

All summer and early autumn proteins collect nuts, seeds, mushrooms and much more. They thoroughly hide their stocks in the hollows of trees or bury in the ground. Some proteins first give mushrooms to dry up so that they do not rot. Unfortunately, the protein has a bad memory - they often forget where they hid their reserves, and they cannot later find them.

Wolverine

Wolverine refers to the family of kunih. The appearance of it resembles a little bear, but, unlike him, her tail is long and fluffy. This animal has long claws and strong teeth. Wolverine hunts in the most thick forests during the day and night and attacks even on wolves and bears, to take away their prey.

Porcupine

North American dicake dwells in the forests of Canada and the United States. It feeds mainly by deciduous plants and the delicate pulp of tree trunks (lob), which is under the crust. Sometimes he fully spins the trunk at the foot of the tree, and the tree dies. His enemies diculate demonstrates long hard needles.

Virginsky Filin

Virgin Finnish lives in the forests of North America. This is a night hunter who sees very well and hears. It feeds mainly mice and other small mammals.

Animals of coniferous forest

    Mammals inhabiting these places, mostly roasting and live on a diet from moss, pine needles, bark and cones. Insectivore birds are rare compared to those who feed on seeds and kidneys of conifers. In these places, forest fires are unknown, and usually occur in the spring when there are few juice in the trees. At this time, huge territories may be subjected to devastation.


Animals of coniferous forest

    Reservoirs in the taiga are less than in the tundra. Less here and waterfowl. And the Duck-Gogol characteristic of coniferous forests nests in the duplach. Snow in the forest is smooth, loose, shallow, from under it you can get a cedar bump with a cedar bump. Therefore, many taiga birds - Glukhary, Dyatlah, Klezti, cedings, and others - for the winter they are far from flying away, but they go to place in place within the zone.

  • Big Damage to Taiga inhabitants are applied predators - Lynx and Wolverine. Their prey is often becoming not only large birds and hares, but also animals such as roe and cabaga. Extremely cautious, these insidious predators are hunting at night and at the dawn, waiting for prey in the ambush, on the paths.


Animals of coniferous forest

    Before the arrival of a person, the host of Taiga was considered a bear: in Eurasia - brown, in North America - Grizzly. And now there are still travelers who have come in taiga wilderness, often joking: "Here the uncle Misha will come to check the documents ..." The bear moves well on the impassive taiga, quickly climbs the trees. In the northern regions, the brown bear for the winter falls into the hibernation. But sleeps very sensitive and, if you wake, leaves Berloga.

  • Rich Taiga fur beast. There are protein and sable, columns and ermine, hare and a cunnant. Many valuable fishing birds - Ryablikov, Glumhai, Tetra.


    In the past century, huge wild bulls lived in the largest forests of Europe. They inhabited forest areas of Central Europe and the North-West of Russia. Predatory hunting and war led to their full extermination. Huge work was carried out in our country to restore the number of bison. Purebred bison is contained and successfully multiply in the reserves of Belovezhskaya Pushcha and Priok-terrace. Now the size of the bison in the USSR has increased significantly. Feed bison grass, kidneys, leaves and crust of deciduous trees.


Animals of funny and deciduous forests

    Wanked earlier in the zone of the deciduous forests and river beavers. The fur of these beasts is valued extremely high, so they have long served as an object of reinforced fishery and at the beginning of the XX century. were almost completely destroyed. Now in our country these animals are protected by law. Work is underway for their settlement. Bobras live on quiet forest rivers, whose coast densedly threw by deciduous trees. They feed on wood shoots and bark, and from the branches build their dwellings - huts, from the trunks and branches - the dams that the river bed is brazed, arranging artificial creeks. The size of the walt is different. They serve as a bottle for many years, repaid every year, are completed and sometimes reach huge sizes. Thus, in the Voronezh reserve there is a hatch, the height of which is 2.5 m, and the diameter of the base is 12 m. But usually they are less: 1-1.5 m height and 3 m in diameter.


Animals of funny and deciduous forests

    Cracking forest, highly old glades and shrubs - favorite habitats of a noble deer and roe. Forest Cute is one of the most valuable fur animals. She arranges its nests at high altitude in the duplach. More than other animals from this predator suffers from the protein. The night lifestyle of the Kubanitsa gives her huge advantages in the hunt for squirrel, as the squirrel - the daylight and night sleeps tightly in his nest. Cunice is easy to capture her sleeping. Reaching the squirrel nest, the cuckant is looking for an inlet that the protein closes from the inside the cork from some soft material, and, breaking into the nest, enough sleep hostess. Eats a curtain and vegetable food: fruit, berries. She loves honey. Having found a nest of wild bees, the cuckor sometimes lives for a long time; Often several kunits are going to the nest.


The animal world of mixed forest is represented by many species of animals, birds and insects. Some of the original wild animals: hedgehogs, foxes, hares and boars - even in groves, adjacent to villages and cities, inhabited people. Often and within the settlements, in urban parks and squares, proteins, curses, moles, wild birds are found.

In coniferous-deciduous forests, man-and-theft lives: elk, bison, noble deer, roe. Predators, such as a bear, wolf, ferret, badger, curtain and others are found. For rivers and reservoirs located in the zone of mixed forests, its fauna is characteristic. So, on the river shores deleted from human attention, Bobra waters are built, water rats, outcrows and even otters live. The world of feathered this area is even more variety.

Wild boar is a large, strong animal with short legs and a strong chunky body. This is the ancestor of a home pig. They are similar to the structure of the body and omnivores. Wepers are covered with dark bristle wool. Young lighter and have stripes on the sides and back. The boars are poorly seen, but they can move quickly, focusing on perfectly developed sense of smell and hearing. Live herds from adult males and females with piglets. Old males sekichi hold apart. Usually these beasts lead a nightlife, resting in the afternoon in secluded places.

With the proper level of caress and attention, even wild boar will behave as the best friend of man. On one of the islands, the baggs lives a 12-year-old boar named Kid. 9 years ago he was tamed two of the locals.

Ordinary Fox is one of the predators of a mixed forest. The length of the roast body, together with a fluffy tail, reaches 1.5 m. In the foxes elongated muzzle and the triangular shape of the ears. Color wool usually redish different shades. Cheeks, chest, abdomen and tail tip white. Especially beautiful animals in winter, with a more fluffy and warm fur.

Barcuque ordinary lives in the forests of Europe and Asia, to the Far East. Weigh adult individual up to 25 kg. The body reaches 0.9 m, and the tail is 0.24 m in length. The color of the body is brownish-gray, to the paws - blackcut. On the face white and black stripes. Badger - Night Beast. Its diet includes animal food (worms, frogs, insects) and edible roots. Lives in independently broken Norah. For the winter flows into the hibernation.

Yozh ordinary - insectivorous mammal. It has weak eyesight, but excellent smell and hearing. The back of the animal is thickly covered with a 2 cm long needle, usually gray with transverse dark stripes. Protecting against danger, the Yozh turns into a needle ball. Prefers terrain with dense herbal cover and undergrowth. Wintering and brings the cubs in Nora.