In our country, liberation from military service appeared in the 18th century. Catherine II allowed the religious community of mennonites instead of army service to work by firefighters, foresters and masters in the maritime department, that is, the Russian Empire was the first state Education that has allowed his subject to refuse military service.

Alternative Civil Service
in matters and answers

Alternative service - what is it?

Alternative Civil Service is a legal (legal) opportunity to abandon the call service, replacing it for ordinary labor in the civilian sphere or in the military unit, but not as serviceman, and as a hired employee. Such a service, like any other labor activity, regulated not by the charter, but by the Labor Code, that is, during an alternative service, salary is paid and on the employee distribute All social guarantees, including paid leave.

Who can count on replacing the army service alternative civilian?

Any young man can choose an alternative service if he:
- believes that the army contradicts his internal beliefs or religious principles;
- He is a representative of a small indigenous ethnos, while conducting traditional lifestyle for this people, including traditional management and traditional fishery.
The law does not specify, what exactly should be convictions. These are usually anti-war, political, peacemaking, philosophical, moral, ethical beliefs, or their complete Combination. Therefore, there is a chance to alternative service not only from believers any confession, but also any young man if he wants to benefit society with peaceful labor.

How long should I serve?

1 year 9 months. - "On the Citizer"
1 year 6 months. - as a civilian personnel in military units.
During service provided Two vacation.

How to get into alternative service?

It is necessary to write a statement with the justification of your desire to pass AGS Instead of army and submit it to the department of the military registration and enlistment office, where you are standing in taking into account. The application must be attached to the autobiography and characteristic from the place of work or study.

What time frame must apply for alternative service?

Art. 11 FZ " About AGS"Determines the following deadlines:
- Up to 1 Oct. - If you have to call in the spring of next year;
- Until 1 Apr. - If you have to call in the fall of this year.

Of all the rules there are exceptions. Young people who are using a delay, which should end after the end of another call, but the base for a delay disappeared ahead of time, can write a statement within 10 days from the date of termination of the base for a delay.
For example, if you are a student and enjoyed a delay for learning, but for any reason was expelled from the university, then you have 10 days to submit an application for an alternative service to the draft board from the moment the rector of the order of deductions.

Comply with the application deadlines are important, because Call Commissions are very fond of making refusal solutions due to understanding Application submission, although the invited commissions have the right to accept the skipping of the term respectful.

Constitutional The Court of the Russian Federation also indicated that these times were not final, and necessary for the convenience of organs involved in the organization of an alternative service, and not to deprive the citizen of his right to replace the Army Service for an alternative service (definition of the CS RF from 17 October 2006 N 447-O)

You can refer to this definition in the draft commissions, and, if necessary, in courts.
What if the draft committee refused to replace the army service alternative?
This decision can be appealed in court. This is done suspendAs long as the court decision comes into force.

Can Orthodox replace military service at AGS?

Yes, since this right is individual, and not collective. Even if the ROC welcomes the service in the army, then you can have your own personal, individual glances.

Is it necessary to provide certificates of belonging to any religious or anti-war organization?

Not. In Art.11 of the AGS, an exhaustive list of mandatory documents is given: statement, autobiography and characteristics. Other documents can be applied at their request. (Art. 11 of the FZ on AGS).

Do I need to prove your beliefs?

Belief is impossible to prove, in principle. The law suggests that it is necessary to justify, and not to prove its desire to replace the army service for alternative. If the deadline for submission of the application is observed, then the invited commissions are difficult to legally refuse your right. You should not prove that you have beliefs, and a draft board that you have no (see Art. 12 FZ about AGS).

I am not suitable for health status to service in the army. Can I call for an alternative service?

A conscript, which is not suitable for health to the army service, is also not suitable for alternative, but, according to AGC law, honey is held. Examination is necessary only after making a decision on the application (see Art. 10 of the Federal Law on AGS)
Call for honey. Examination before making a decision on the application - illegally!

How can I find out where you are sent by alternative service?

The corresponding list of organizations and professions is annually approved by the order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection and is published on the site of the department.
Now the list of specialties is very extensive. Young people serve in medical institutions, construction sites, factories, foresters, in libraries. In Moscow, the overwhelming number serves in post offices. There are even such exotic services, as weather stations, Ministry of Emergency Situations, Circus, Theaters.
During the direction, education, work experience, health, the presence of family and children should be taken into account.

What restrictions are superimposed on a citizen passing alternative service?

In addition to the duties referred to in the Labor Code:

It is impossible on its own initiative to refuse to conclude an employment contract, or terminate it.
- borrow senior positions;
- It is forbidden to participate in strikes;
- It is impossible to work in another place;
- It is impossible in any form, directly or indirectly engaged in entrepreneurship;
- Without negotiation with the leadership, to travel from the settlement in which it works.

What advantages have a passing AGS in contrast to a soldier?

Gets salary;
- The service is not on the clock, but only working hours, i.e. Not more than 40 hours a week.
- Unlike the soldier, has the right to education - on correspondence or evening form.
- Freedom of movement is limited not to the territory of the military unit, but by the settlement in which the service is held.

What relationship with the military registration office arise after the passage of civil service?

There is an enrollment of the reserve, while the military fees that have passed the alternative service cannot be called.

1. The term of alternative civil service is 1.75 times higher than those established by the Federal Law

for citizens sent to its passage before January 1, 2007, with the exception of citizens specified in the fourth paragraph of this clause - 42 months;

for citizens sent to passing from January 1 to December 31, 2007, with the exception of citizens specified in the fourth paragraph of this clause - 31.5 months;

for citizens who graduated from state, municipal or government accreditation for the relevant areas of training (specialties), non-state educational institutions of higher professional education and aimed at its passage before January 1, 2008, - 21 months;

for citizens aimed at passing after January 1, 2008, - 21 months.

2. The term of the alternative civil service for citizens undergoing this service in the organizations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, 1.5 times higher than the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service" The term of military service for call and Amount:

for citizens aimed at its passage before January 1, 2007, with the exception of citizens specified in the fourth paragraph of this clause - 36 months;

for citizens aimed at its passage from January 1 to December 31, 2007, inclusive, with the exception of citizens specified in the fourth paragraph of this paragraph - 27 months;

for citizens who graduated from state, municipal or government accreditation in relevant areas of training (specialties) non-state educational institutions of higher professional education and aimed to pass to 1 January 2008, - 18 months;

for citizens aimed at passing after January 1, 2008, 18 months.

(see text in the previous edition)

3. The beginning of an alternative civilian service of a citizen is considered the day of its departure to the place of passage of the alternative civil service specified in the prescription of the military commissariat.

4. The end of the alternative civilian service of a citizen is considered a day of termination by the employer of an urgent employment contract with a citizen under the termination of an alternative civil service. At the same time, the urgent employment contract with a citizen passing an alternative civil service must be discontinued by the employer on the expiration date of its alternative civil service.

(see text in the previous edition)

Alternative civil service in Russia: how to legally "sleep" from the army

It is no secret that the military service does not use much popular among modern Russian youth, and the reasons here are many. This is a rejection of tough discipline, and the fear of non-versatile relationships, and the banal reluctance to "spend" on the army of a whole year of precious young life. What only the tricks do not come conscripts in the hope of avoiding the tenacious arms of the native Ministry of Defense: distribute bribes, "draw" terrible diagnoses or years are hidden from the agenda to the military registration and enlistment offices and the police.

But there is another way to avoid a barracks and military moisture. It is quite easily and gives a young man the opportunity to bring the benefit of society - this is the passage of an alternative civil service (AGS).

The Federal Law on Alternative Service was adopted in 2002, a year later, a presidential decree containing a list of vacancies and organizations, which will be sent to those who want to pass AGS. Initially, the law was accepted for those who do not want to serve in the army on ethical and religious reasons, especially since such a right is registered in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Today, almost any recruit can go to alternative service.

You can add that an alternative service is a common world practice. Now it is in Finland, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland, and even in such a militarized country as Israel. A few decades AGS existed in Germany and France - went into oblivion along with the draft army.

The AGS speaks differently: someone praises her, others - respond critically. Many do not know about the existence of an alternative to urgent service, for information about it is not enough, but the myths are very common, which are often broadcast by even central media. As statistics show, an alternative civilian service in the Russian Federation does not use much popular - it chooses less than one percent of young people of recruiting age.

General Definition and Description

An alternative service is a special type of labor activity that a citizen can choose instead of an urgent military service. Young people who are affected by a state of health to the army can work in civilian government agencies and even receive wages.

Basic principles of AGS in Russia:

An alternative service should pass outside the subject of the Russian Federation, from where a citizen was called. It usually does not act this rule - more than 60% of citizens (for 2018) are AGS at the place of residence. The place of passage and generation is determined by the employment service;
ACS can be held exclusively at enterprises or in state-owned institutions;
The person who chosen AGS does not have the right to terminate the employment contract on his own initiative, it cannot participate in strikes, to work on the side or work anywhere else;
"Alternatives" can not borrow senior positions, shy away from the execution of direct duties, leave the workplace. Disabled to work without a good reason is considered to be a passage and is not counted in the period of AGS;
Conscripts from small indigenous peoples usually take alternative service in the economic entities of traditional industries and crafts;
The term of stay at AGS exceeds the service time in the armed forces.

All other issues are governed by the provisions of the Labor Code. These include: the working hours and its payment, the rights and obligations of the citizen, as well as his employer, the decision of the disputes, etc. In essence, AGS is not much different from the usual "civilian" work.

After passing the alternative service, the citizen is dismissed and receives an ordinary military ID. It will even indicate the VUS (military-accounting specialty), but the citizen who has passed the AGS will not call for regular fees.

Who can apply for alternative service

Any citizen of our country has the right to refuse military service and benefit homeland peaceful work. The law provides for two grounds in which the recruit can choose AGS:

If the service in the army contradicts his ethical or religious beliefs;
The conscript refers to the small people, which leads the traditional farm.

To get to alternative service, the citizen is not necessarily for many years to consist in a religious organization or prepare for the career of the clergy. Enough at the meeting of the draft commissions - it takes a similar solution - it is connected and reasoned to justify why military service contradicts his ethical beliefs. According to the current legislation, the recruitment does not need to prove anything, it should only report on the decision in a special statement.

With representatives of indigenous peoples, the situation is even easier. As a rule, they live compactly at remote territories of Siberia and the Far East and are engaged in traditional economy. To pass an alternative service to representatives of these peoples, it is enough to submit a document at the site of "registry" in the period established by law.

Legal bases of alternative service in Russia

The main legal justification of the alternative service in our country is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. In the 59th article of the Basic Law talks about the procedure for the passage of military service, and in its third part it is indicated that civilians have the right to go to AGS. It can be added that the right to alternative service is a global practice that has long been recognized internationally.

On June 25, 2002, after long disputes and discussions, the Law "On Alternative Civil Service" was adopted. It is he who is the main legal document, which regulates who and how can AGS can pass. In 2003, the presidential decree was signed dedicated to the organization of an alternative service. There is also an order of the Ministry of Labor, which lists the posts, specialty and professions for "alternatives".

A young man who thinks about AGS, will not be familiar with the Criminal Code to learn about responsibility for evading alternative service. There are still internal documents adopted on this issue in various ministries and institutions. All this indicates the seriousness of the state approach to the organization of an alternative service.

How much to serve on AGS

"Alternatives" serve longer, compared with peers, designed to the ranks of the Armed Forces. This fact can be called one of the main flaws of AGS. Initially, the service life was almost four years, but after 2008 changes, it decreased to 21 months, and for young people passing civil service in the organizations of the military sphere - to 18.

During the time AGS does not include:

time serving arrest after committing an administrative or criminal offense;
periods of additional vacations that are provided to employees to obtain education;
holiday to care for the child;
the suspension time from work due to the state of narcotic, alcoholic or other intoxication.

An alternative service begins on the day of the division of a citizen to the place of its passage, which is specified in the prescription of the military registration and enlistment office. Its completion is the date of the end of the employment contract with the employer.

There are ags and pros: any "alternative" has two legitimate leave and weekends, which it can use at personal discretion. So the real period of finding AGS is a year and four months. If a citizen is directed to serve in another city, its transportation costs during holiday pays the state. Citizens serving citizens have the opportunity to get sick leave.

Who will have to serve

A conscript coming on an alternative service cannot choose the future place of work - one of the main features of AGS. True, before the distribution you must report knowledge, skills, skills and preferences in Rostrud, however, as practice shows, this data is not always taken into account. So employment options can be set.

The recruits have already developed a stereotype: on an alternative service they will have to make night pots or wash toilets in social institutions. Indeed, you may well be a sanitation, a cleaner or a doctor in the district hospital or in the nursing home. But actually the choice is significantly wider: the list of professions for alternative service in the Army 2018 in Russia consisted of 114 vacancies. In 2017, there were 104.

Almost always need construction specialty: bricklayers, welders, electricians and handymen. Traditionally in demand drivers, movers, plumbing, cooks, locksmiths, gardeners. Young people who are in alternative service are often sent to forestry, road service, they work firefighters, librarians, on duty on meteorological stations.

In recent years, this leader in the number of vacancies for AGS is the "Russian Post". According to statistics, about 60% of "alternatives" do not have specialties at all, 15% of conscripts have professions that are not needed by employers.

Citizens who are in alternative service can be aimed at eliminating the consequences of fires, floods or other natural disasters in the territory of the Russian Federation. Exotic vacancies come across and at all: animal care in the zoo or circus. You can get to the staff of technical personnel at the factory or factory.

A citizen who has chosen alternative service can be sent to any corner of our immense homeland. But due to the chronic shortage of housing, AGS usually pass at the place of registration. In this case, you will live at home and go to work daily, and then you can do anything.

How much are received on AGS

It is clear that "alternatives" occupy vacancies, from which civilian experts refused due to low salary or difficult working conditions. The unsatisfactory level of payment is one of the main mines of AGS. Citizens who are on an alternative service receive from four to twenty thousand rubles.

The average salary is about 10 thousand rubles per month. It is difficult for such money to live, especially since, unlike the army, food has to buy for their own funds. If for an eighteen-year-old guy this amount can still be acceptable, then for a former student who has recently graduated university, it is clearly insufficient.

Pay a citizen who is on AGS should have as much as "civilian" employees are obtained in a similar position. This requirement of legislation. If you are prescribed by a doctor in a clinic, your salary should be no less than that of your colleague with the same qualifications and experience.

"Alternatives" have the right during the passage of service in absentia to receive higher education. True, AGS is unlikely to help you make a career or give skills that are useful in further life. Today, conscripts passing alternative service are usually sent to where no one else wants to work. Therefore, the question of where more hopelessness is in the army or at AGS has no definite answer.

How to get into alternative service

The law is clearly marked what needs to be done to replace the usual urgent service alternative. The procedure is quite simple. A recruiter who accepted a similar solution is necessary to personally write a statement and submit it to the District Commissioner. In the text, he must specify the reasons and motives that prompted him to make such a choice. On the Internet you can easily find the right sample of filling out such a document.

If you refuse to army service for religious reasons, then in the document should list people who can confirm your words. It may be friends, relatives or just familiar. An autobiography must be applied to the application, as well as the characteristic issued at the site or study. Then paper should be attributed to the military registration and enlistment office in which you are a military account. The application should be submitted in two copies: the second employees of the Commissioner must put a mark on the adoption of the document.

It is important to submit documents to the time provided for by law - they should be submitted six months before the call, which you fall under. If you are taken into the army in the fall, the statement must be submitted until April 1, and in the case of a spring call - all formalities must be completed until October 1.

An alternative military service application is considered at a meeting of the draft commissions that should pass no later than a month after the start of the call. A citizen applying for AGS is obliged personally to attend it, so he is notified in advance about the date, time and place of holding.

The Commission hears a conscript, considers his arguments, gives the Word to people who agree to confirm the veracity of the information set out in the statement. According to the norms of legislation, there is one month for the decision-making of the draft commission, after which it either make a conclusion about replacing the urgent service of AGS, or refuses to satisfy this petition.

The most common cause of failure is the late submission of the application. It should not be considered a similar approach to empty formalism: restrictions on the deadline for submission of applications are not simply imposed on the law. For six months between the submission of an application and a call to an alternative service allow enterprises and institutions to form the vacancy base for those who want to undergo AGS, and the employment service to find suitable jobs in this list for them.

But the overdue statements do not mean the final refusal: you must accept and consider documents. Only the Call Commission has the right to refuse the passage of AGS, including on the basis of a diversity of the deadlines. If the delay is caused by respectful reasons, the question is considered in general.

If the draft commission did not yet adopt your application because of its late submission, then this decision can be appealed in court. In the modern Russian history, there was already a case when the case of refusing to the recruitment in the passage of alternative service reached the Constitutional Court.

Possible causes of failure in passing AGS

The law provides only five main reasons for which the recruitment may be denied the passage of alternative service:

Violation of the application for submission. This reason is the most frequent, and it is already described in detail above;
Mind of information filed by the conscript in a statement, the real state of affairs. For example, a citizen reports the Commission that he has a pacifist and is not subject to a call to the army - he disgusts the weapons in his hands. But during the consideration of his case, it turns out that he is a member of the Rowing Club for many years. Or a citizen declares the rejection of violence, and then it becomes aware of the presence of a discharge on boxing or black belt on karate. Such a solution should be motivated and based on real facts established by the draft commissions;
Knowingly false information in a statement or in documents, to it attached;
Disabled to two meetings of the draft commissions on the replacement of Military AGS military service without valid reasons. To obtain a refusal to pass the alternative service, the conscript should not be twice the meetings on his issue;
A citizen may refuse the passage of AGS if he has already had the opportunity to undergo an alternative service, but ran away from it.

Refusal in the right of passing an alternative service for any of the above reasons can be appealed in court.

History of alternative service

The history of mankind is a real series of bloody wars and armed conflicts. At all times, there were people who do not accept violence and rejecting the possibility of imprisonment of their lives like. As a rule, such views were based on religious beliefs. Almost always the attitude of the authorities to such manifestations of pacifism was sharply negative: unwillingly fight persecuted, downgraded in status, deprived civil rights, sometimes executed.

Alternative service to revolution

In European history, cases of failures, weapons are known from the first centuries of Christianity. We know the names of the Romans executed for the refusal of military service. In Russia, such precedents are known from about the XVIII century: Old Believers, Dukhobor, Molokan did not want to go to the army.

In our country, the right of refusal of military service for religious beliefs was first recognized by the state in the XVIII century, in the era of the reign of Catherine II. At the invitation of the Empress, there was a massive resettlement of Menonites to Russia - representatives of one of the flows of Protestantism. Mennonites not only were convinced pacifists, they denied the opportunity to give any oaths, including military oath. Catherine believed that the involvement of these hardworking and law-abiding people would benefit the state and gave them the right to not serve in the army. But it was an exceptional privilege acting in relation to a very limited group of citizens: in the same historical period, Dukhobor for the refusal of military service was brutally pursued.

The problem aggravated after the introduction of universal military service in the reign of Alexander II. The authorities faced a massive refusal to call to the army by various religious denominations. Among others, "under the distribution" fell and mennonites, which have long been accustomed to their privileged position. It prompted them to mass immigration - for ten years, Russia left about 15 thousand people. The consequences of departure from the country of members of this richest community forced the Government to "include rear": all the mennonites living in the country until 1874 were released from service in the army.

In 1880, Mennonites began to take themselves again into the army, but instead of military units, they were determined in forest teams, fire troops and ship shipyards. Moreover, the Russian state has allocated money to pay for their work, treatment, workshop equipment. In essence, it was the first alternative service in the history of our country.

Mennonites served four years. Although they were called upon by the military department, the organization of their further fate was engaged in the management of land management, which was not the structure of the Armed Forces of the Empire. Mennonites were part of the working teams, clearly submitted to the appointed commanders. For misconduct and crimes, they were responsible for military criminal law.

Civil service in the twentieth century

At the end of the 19th century, the morals were somewhat softened: in Russia, the military service began to liberate Dukhobor, Molokanov, Evangelicals, Baptists and representatives of other religious flows. The First World War dropped the situation back - the punishment for the refusal of service in the army was shot, however, it was usually replaced by life-living hard work. A similar situation was both in European countries: in France, the refusalists of Kaznili, in Germany and Austria, were concluded in psychiatric hospitals.

After the victory of the February Revolution, refusal for religious beliefs were amnestied. Kerensky issued a decree on the basis of an alternative civil service, but the temporary government did not fully embody it.

Russia is part of the three countries that have officially recognized the right of citizens to refuse military service for conscience considerations. In this post, the list also contains the United Kingdom (since 1916) and Denmark (since 1917).

The decision of the Provisional Government on the alternative service was already embodied by the Bolsheviks, adopting a special decree on this occasion. This happened at the very beginning of 1919. The document was prescribed to use the refusers in the role of Sanitars or give them a different work on their choice, not related to weapon weapons. The decree it was stated that refused by military service should be mainly sent to infectious hospitals. However, it was not easy to get to the alternative service: it happened only by the court decision and after the examination of a special religious council, which solved whether a man believes really.

In the twenties, the legislation regarding the abandonment of military service tightened: to get to AGS was much more complicated. The Institute of Alternative Service existed in the Soviet Union until 1939, and in the new law on military duty, such an opportunity was not spelled out.

In 1940, the Law, providing for exemption from serving the service in the army on religious beliefs, was adopted in the United States. It was replaced by public works. In Hitler's Germany, for the refusal of military service was shot or sent to concentration camps. So suffered a lot of Jehovah's Witnesses.

After the end of the war, the possibility of an alternative service appeared in most European countries: in Germany, France, Belgium.

Post-war period and the newest story

On the right of a citizen, to refuse the service in the army for considerations of conscience again remembered after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In 1993, it was enshrined in the new Constitution of the Russian Federation. In 1994, the State Duma tried to adopt an alternative service law, which was held first reading, however, it was rejected and sent to refine.

The next attempt took place in 1998, but she was not crowned with success - the draft law about AGS was rejected and sent to refine. At the same time, hundreds of young people across the country refused to serve in the army because of their convictions. They had to defend their choice in the courts that sometimes took months, and then years. Organizations of the "Committee of Soldiers' Mothers" provided guest assistance to consciously.

In 2001, their draft law on the passage of alternative service in the State Duma was made by the military. They tried to make AGS as hard as possible and discern to repel all the desire to abandon the urgent service. A few later in parliament there was an alternative version of the law prepared by public organizations and liberal deputies. During the whole 2001, this topic was actively discussed on numerous seminars and round tables in many regions of the country. In early 2002, a coalition "For Democratic AGS" appeared.

The revision of the law lasted six months. He was adopted and signed by the President on July 25, 2002. The final version of the document can be called a compromise between projects prepared by military and public activists.

Alternative service in other countries of the world

In France, the law on alternative service was adopted in 1961. This was preceded by a monthly hunger strike of a 74-year-old activist and a convinced pacifist Louis Likvara. His only requirement was the introduction of AGS in the country.

In a few years, an alternative service has become extremely popular: it allowed young people not only to avoid calling, but also made it possible to work abroad, as part of various humanitarian missions. The experience made it possible to create a powerful volunteer movement in France, which today actively helps the countries of the third world.

In 1983, the French Parliament was adopted by the National Service Act, according to which, the term of the alternative service was twenty-months, and any deep beliefs could be the basis for the passage of AGS. Alternative services in France was canceled in 2001, after the complete transition of the armed forces on the contract basis.

Alternative civil service is almost in all countries of the West. In Switzerland, young people not only can choose AGS, but also serve in the army without weapons.

In Spain, the possibility of passing an alternative service appeared only after the death of Franco and the depart from the power of its political force. The right to AGS was enshrined in the Constitution of the country in 1978, and in 1984 the country's parliament adopted the relevant law. This idea was so liked by Spanish recruits, which at first they just lacked vacancies for them. In 1988, the provisions on the alternative service were clarified by the Royal Decree. AGS in the country existed before the abolition of a mandatory call to the army, which occurred in 2001.

In Italy, the Civil Service Act was adopted in 1972. In 1998, he was complemented by law on refusal to conviction. The term AGS in this country is ten months, it takes place in public institutions and non-profit organizations.

In Poland, the state of alternative service first appeared in the law on defense adopted in 1988. In 1992, a special law on the passage of AGS was adopted, according to which the period of alternative service is 24 months, it takes place in hospitals, government agencies or public works.

In Germany, the right of citizens on the refusal of military duty is spelled out in the Constitution since 1949. The AGC law was revised several times, in 1995 its term was reduced to 13 months. In the 60s and 70s, an alternative service in Germany was part of the general trend of a German society for the refusal of military ideas generated by the memory of World War II. In the "zero" years, about two thirds of conscripts chose an alternative service instead of the traditional military. In 2011, AGS in Germany went to the past - the Bundeswehr completely switched to the contract basis.

Many German experts stated that the urgent service was kept in Germany for so long because of AGS. For a long time, the refusaliers occupied a significant proportion of social vacancies, which no one more agreed. German "alternatives" worked as sanitation in hospitals, in the service of salvation, in environmental organizations. German laws allowed citizens undergoing AGS to work in other countries as part of humanitarian missions. Moreover, an alternative service enjoyed in the country with great honor: it was believed that it gives a young man of labor experience, the possibility of socialization, has a serious moral education.

In the countries of Scandinavia - Norway, Finland and Sweden - there is a call for military service today. At the same time, young people can replace her AGS without any problems. Despite this, an alternative service in these countries is not particularly popular: the percentage of recruits who refuse to take weapons into hand, does not compare with Germany or France.

In Switzerland, the AGS law was adopted in 1996, its term of passage is six months. Military service in this country is considered a prestigious occupation, therefore "alternatives" is relatively few. It is possible to pass the service in the ranks of the armed forces, but without weapons, if his wearing is contrary to the convictions of a young man. Citizens, who do not want to go to the army, can choose an alternative service. Previously, it was necessary to undergo a special exam confirming (or refuting) the presence of religious or ethical beliefs against the army service. In 2009, this procedure was canceled: now there is quite a conscript desire for the choice of AGS. Young people have the opportunity to undergo an alternative service abroad, but for this it is necessary to meet very serious criteria: to have vocational education and recommendations, at a high level to own foreign languages, possess experience in other countries. According to statistics, only 1% of conscripts complies with these requirements.

In Israel, the opportunity to undergo alternative service appeared in the mid-70s. Initially, only girls received, who do not want to go to the army on religious beliefs. Later, this right received Jews-Orthodox, Palestinians, citizens with limited abilities. Today, an alternative service is rather a special program designed to social adaptation of repatriates and young people of Arab nationality. It is believed that the AGS is perfectly performing its task - citizens who have passed such a service have significant successes compared to peers. Young people on an alternative service pay a double soldier scholarship.

Ukraine adopted an alternative service law in 1991 - earlier than Russia and Belarus did. True, in this document a rather rigid framework was identified: only religious beliefs were recognized for refusal from the army service, and only representatives of organizations recognized by the state could receive such a right. Ukraine has repeatedly declared the desire to fully go to the contract army, and the Call of 2013 should have become the last. However, 2014 events postponed this perspective indefinitely.

The right to pass an alternative service was recorded in the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, however, the relevant law was prepared and adopted only in 2015. According to him, the right to AGS has citizens whose religious beliefs do not allow them to take a weapon in their hands. The term of the alternative service is 36 months. Citizens who have higher education serve 24 months. It can be added that the AGS in Belarus does not use much popularity: in early 2017 it passed only 13 people.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments under the article. We or our visitors will gladly respond to them

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In more detail about what an alternative civil service, the conditions and requirements for it we will talk later in the article.

However, one desire for the recruit is not enough. The final word for the draft commissy. It is she who can make a conclusion, on the basis of which a citizen will be prescribed by an alternative civil service, the conditions and requirements of which are established in the Federal Law on the Alternative Civil Service.

Note that alternatively, the reclider does not have to delay or be freed from the service. This provision is spelled out in paragraph 3 of Art. 13 of the Law of July 25, 2002 N 113-FZ (the Law on Alternative Civil Service).

Alternative Civil Service: Terms and Requirements

As in the case of military service, it all starts with the agenda that is preceded by a submitted statement - the passage of an alternative service. Agenda on the passage of alternative service should include some items:

the place where an alternative service in the army will be held;
the term of arrival in the military commissariat.

At the specified period, the conscript must appear in the draft board and receive the following documents:

an order for the departure to the place where an alternative military service will be held. The document is issued on receipt from the authorized person of the military registration and enlistment office;
certificate and credentials of an employee on an alternative scheme.

These documents must be issued in accordance with:

p. 32 positions, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 28.05.2004 N 256;
art. 13, 14 of the law of 25.07.2002 N 113-FZ.

The term of the alternative service is from 18 to 21 months, depending on where the conscript prefers to serve: as civilian personnel in the military unit or in a civilian institution.

Who has the right to alternative service? According to the law, these are persons who, in view of their philosophical or religious beliefs, cannot serve in the current army, as well as representatives of the peoples of the Far North, leading traditional farm.

Art.2, Federal Law No. 113-FZ states that:

A citizen has the right to replace military service upon calling by an alternative civil service in cases where:

military service is contrary to his beliefs or religion;
he refers to the indigenous small people, leads a traditional lifestyle, performs traditional management and is engaged in traditional fisheries .

Alternative Civil Service: Professions List and Passage Places

If the conscript lives in the same country, where it is called, then several options. It can serve in hospitals, social protection institutions and other organizations that are in the department of federal executive authorities. It is also possible to give the debt home in the organization in the department of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The third option is the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other military formations. In this case, the conscript will act as civilian personnel.

Interesting
If a citizen of the Russian Federation constantly lives outside the country, he can also undergo an alternative service. In this case, he has the right to stay in a hostel that corresponds to sanitary standards and is provided free of charge.

Interested in what an alternative civil service, a list of professions, on the basis of which the passage of alternative service is possible, can be easily found on the Internet. Such a list is developing the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

Before the Military Commissariat will decide on the possibility of receiving the conscript to the number of alternative employees, it takes into account some details.

Citizens who have reached 18 years old are subject to an alternative call, but at the same time they have not reached 28 years.
Education. In most cases, citizens with secondary education are sent to military service. If a secondary special education is received, this suggests that the person can already work, which means to be an alternative conscript;
Specialty and qualifications;
Work experience. Basically, it affects the chances of occupying a workplace on an ongoing basis;
Health status. Labor disabled people may well count on alternative service;
Family status. The parent of two children has chances of alternative troops;
The need for employers in labor resources.

The procedure takes place in several steps:

Conclusion of an urgent employment contract. Within three days, the employer will report this to the military registration and enlistment office and the executive body, whose Office is the organization.
Mark in the accounting card about arrival in the company. Executive period is excluded. All features in accordance with paragraph 40, 41 of the decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation of 28.05.2004 N 256.
Providing free hostels, social clothing and shoes, personal protective equipment - if necessary to fulfill the work related to the profession.

Relations between the employer and the conscript worker are regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Including on payment issues. The conscript has received wages, according to the organization's approved salary, taking into account tax and insurance deductions. At the same time, the employee does not persist the right to voluntary termination of labor relations on its own initiative.

Alternative employee has the right to an annual holiday in 28 calendar days. In some cases specified in Art. 17 of the Law of 25.07.2002 N 113-FZ, a longer vacation is possible.

Alternative military service in the Russian Federation provides a number of restrictions. So, for example, when passing an alternative service, to live together with those who are prohibited by military service.

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