Huge, occupying an advantageous geographical position - China. It is located in East Asia. Its relief is very diverse. China has mountains, hills, plains, highlands, river valleys, deserts. But the vast areas of China are deserted. After all, most of the population is concentrated in the plains.

Geographical position

China on the world map occupies a position on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean. Its area is almost equal to the area of ​​all of Europe. China covers an area of ​​9.6 million square kilometers. In terms of area, this country is overtaken only by Russia and Canada.

The territory of China stretches for 5.2 thousand kilometers from east to west and 5.5 thousand kilometers from south to north. The easternmost point of the country is located at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers, the westernmost - in the southernmost - among the northernmost - on the Amur River in Mohe County.

China on the world map from the east is washed by several seas that are part of the Pacific Ocean. The country's coastline stretches for 18,000 km. The sea in China creates a border with five countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, Brunei and the Philippines.

The land border runs from the south, north and west. Its length is 22,117 km. By land, China has a border with Russia, North Korea, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, India, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar.

The geographical position of China is quite favorable for its economic development.

Relief

The relief of the country is very diverse. China, whose geography is wide, has a stepped landscape. It consists of three levels descending from west to east.

The Himalayas are also located in the southwest of the state. They are the highest rung in the landscape of a country like China. Geography and topography are mostly uplands, plateaus and mountains. The lowest level, consisting of plains, is located off the coast.

Southwest China

Part of the world's highest mountain range is located in the southwest of the country. In addition to China, the Himalayas are spread over the territories of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan. On the border of the state in question, there are 9 of the 14 highest mountains in the world - Everest, Chogori, Lhotse, Makalu, Cho-Oyu, Shishabangma, Chogori, several peaks from the Gasherbrum massif.

The Tibetan Plateau is located north of the Himalayas. It is the largest in area and the highest plateau in the world. It is surrounded by ridges on all sides. In addition to the Himalayas, the neighbors of the Tibetan Plateau are Kunlun, Tsilyanshan, Karakorum, Sino-Tibetan mountains. The last of them and the adjoining Yunnan-Guizhou plateau are an inaccessible area. It is cut by deep Salween and Mekong.

Thus, the characteristic of China's geographical position in the southwest is distinguished by the presence of mountainous regions.

Northwest China

In the northwest of the country, near the Tibetan Plateau, there are the Tarim Basin, the Taklamakan Desert and the Turfan Depression. The latter is the deepest in East Asia. The Dzungarian Plain is located even further north.

To the east of the Tarim Basin, the geographical position contrasts even more. China in these places is changing the landscape on the steppe and desert. This is the territory of an autonomous region. She is located on a high plateau. Most of it is occupied by the Gobi and Alashan deserts. The Loessovoye plateau adjoins them from the south. very fertile and rich in forests.

Northeastern China

The northeastern part of the country is fairly flat. There are no high mountain ranges here. The Songliao Plain is located in this part of China. It is surrounded by small mountain ranges - Big and Small Khingans, Changbai.

North china

The main agricultural zones are concentrated in the north of China. This part of the country consists of vast plains. They feed well on rivers and are very fertile. These are such plains as Liaohe and North China.

Southeast China

The southeastern part of the country stretches from the Huaiyanshan Ridge to the Qinling Mountains. The island of Taiwan also belongs to it. The local landscape consists mainly of mountains, alternating with river valleys.

South China

In the south of the country there are areas of Guangxi, Guangdong, and partly Yunnan. This also includes a year-round resort, Hainan Island. The local relief is made up of hills and small mountains.

Climate and weather

The country's climate is not homogeneous. It is influenced by geographic location. China is located in three climatic zones. Therefore, the weather in different parts of the country is different.

Northern and western China are located in the temperate continental climate zone. The average temperature here in winter is -7 ° C, although it happens, it drops to -20 ° C. In summer, the temperature is at + 22 ° C. Strong drying winds are typical for winter and autumn.

Central China lies in a subtropical climate zone. In winter, the air temperature ranges from 0 to -5 ° C. In summer, it stays at + 20 ° C.

Southern China and the islands have a tropical monsoon climate. There, the thermometer in winter is in the range from +6 to + 15 ° C, and in summer it rises above + 25 ° C. This part of the country is characterized by powerful typhoons. They occur in winter and autumn.

Annual precipitation decreases from south and east to north and west - from about 2000 mm to 50 mm.

Population

According to 2014 data, the country is home to 1.36 billion people. The large country of China is home to 20% of the world's inhabitants.

The state is on the verge of a demographic resettlement crisis. Therefore, the government is struggling with high birth rates. His goal is one child per family. But demographic policy is flexible. Thus, it is allowed to give birth to a second child to ethnic minorities, as well as to families living in rural areas, if the first child is a girl or has physical disabilities.

Part of the population opposes such a policy. They are especially dissatisfied with her in the countryside. After all, there is a higher need for the birth of a large number of boys as a future labor force.

But population growth is projected to grow despite this. It is estimated that in 2030 China will be home to 1.5 billion people.

Population density

The population is distributed very unevenly across the country. This is due to the difference in geographic conditions. The average population density is 138 people per square kilometer. This figure looks quite acceptable. He's not talking about overpopulation. After all, the same figure is typical for some European countries.

But the average indicator does not reflect the real situation. There are areas in the country where almost no one lives, and Macau has 21,000 inhabitants per square kilometer.

Half of the country is practically uninhabited. The Chinese live in river basins on fertile plains. And in the highlands of Tibet, in the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts, there are almost no settlements.

Ethnic composition and language of the population

Different nationalities live in the country. Most of the population considers themselves Han. But besides them, 55 nationalities are distinguished in China. The largest nations are Zhuangs, Manchus, Tibetans, the smallest are the foreheads.

Dialects in different parts of the country are also different. The difference between them is so great that a resident of the south of China will not understand a resident of the north. But the country has a national language, Putunha. Chinese residents moving from region to region are required to own it to avoid communication problems.

Also, the Mandarin or Peking dialect is widespread in the country. It can be considered an alternative to putunkhe. After all, 70% of the population speaks the Mandarin dialect.

Religion and beliefs of the population

Since the middle of the 20th century in China, as in a communist state, adherence to religious beliefs and beliefs has been discouraged. Atheism was the official ideology.

But since 1982, there has been a change in this matter. The right to freedom of religion was written into the constitution. The most widespread religions here are Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. But Christianity, Islam, Judaism are also popular.

Largest cities

There are not many big cities in China. The population of this country is not urbanized. But where the construction of the city begins, it grows to the size of a huge metropolis, uniting a large number of residential, business, commercial, industrial and agricultural zones. For example, Chongqing. He is the largest representative of such megacities. As of 2014, it is home to 29 million people. Its area is almost equal to that of Austria and is 82,400 square kilometers.

Other major cities in the country are Shanghai, Tianjin, Harbin, Guangzhou and, of course, Beijing, the capital of China.

Beijing

The Chinese call Beijing Beijing. This means the Northern capital. The urban layout is characterized by strict geometry. Streets are oriented to the parts of the world.

Beijing is the capital of China and one of the most interesting cities in the country. Its heart is Tiananmen Square. Translated, this word means "the gate of heavenly tranquility." The main building on the square is Mao Zedong's mausoleum.

The Forbidden City is an important landmark of the city. They call him Gugun. It is a beautiful and ancient palace ensemble.

Yiheyuan and Yuanminyuan are no less interesting. These are garden and palace complexes. They surprisingly combine miniature rivers, graceful bridges, waterfalls, residential buildings. Wonderful harmony and a feeling of human unity with nature reign here.

In the capital, there are many temples of such religious trends as Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism. One of them is the most interesting. This is the Tian Tan Temple of Heaven. It is the only round-shaped religious building in the city. It has a unique wall. If you say a word near it, even in the smallest whisper, it will spread along its entire length.

Yonghegong Temple of Eternal Tranquility is also noteworthy. This is a Lamaist religious building. It houses a Buddha statue carved from a single sandalwood trunk. Its length is 23 meters.

There are many museums in Beijing. The National Art Gallery is especially notable. It houses a large collection of Chinese paintings. No less interesting is the Museum of National History, where you can trace the entire path of China's development.

The attraction is Wangfujing Street. This is a favorite place for walking, both among tourists and the local population. The history of the street began over 700 years ago. It has now been reconstructed. The street is located in the shopping center area. It harmoniously combines ancient and modern cultures.

The Great Wall of China begins not far from Beijing. Most people associate the country with it. This is a grandiose structure. It stretches for 67,000 km. The construction of the wall took over 2000 years.

The territory of China is 9,598,962 km2. At the same time, the country ranks 1st in terms of population, since the country's population as of 2016 is 1,380,083,000 people! Which is just under 20% of the total population of the planet.

The country of China is located in East Asia, in the southeast of the continent of Eurasia. It is washed in the west of the country by the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the West Korean Gulf and the Yellow Sea, which belong to the waters of the Pacific Ocean. China stretches just over 5,000 km from west to east, and about 4,000 km from north to south.

Officially, China is a socialist state. The head of state of the PRC is Xi Jinping. The official language is Chinese, which is called in the country of Putonghua. At the same time, there are additional official languages ​​in different autonomous regions of the PRC. All in all, China has 292 languages ​​that are used on the territory of this country. The monetary unit is the Chinese yuan. The capital of the People's Republic of China is Beijing, with a population of 21,705,000 as of 2016. This city is one of the twenty most populated cities in the world and covers an area of ​​16 801 km2.

Flag of the People's Republic of China:

The PRC is divided into 22 provinces (Taiwan considers 23 provinces of the PRC), 4 municipalities, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative regions.

The People's Republic of China was formed on October 1, 1949, and has its origins in the distant 2353 BC. NS.

The country of China is the world's largest exporter. The world leader in the production of most industrial products. It has the largest gold and foreign exchange reserves. Since 2014, it has the first economy in the world in terms of GDP.

The country is also rich in natural resources such as coal, oil, shale gas, precious metals and metal ores. It ranks first in coal mining and is also the world's largest gold producer.

Relief of China

The relief of China is quite varied. Here you can find plains, deserts, depressions, as well as plateaus and high mountain systems.

If you look at the map of China from west to east, you can distinguish three steps. In the southwest is the Tibetan Plateau, which is 2000-4000 meters above sea level and above. The second stage is the lower mountains and plains, the height of which ranges from 1500 to 3000 meters above sea level. And the third step is the lowest - these are plains, depressions and low mountains, the height of which does not exceed 1500 meters above sea level.

Climate of China

Due to the location of China, the size of its territory, as well as the features of the relief, which consists of steps, the climate of this country is very diverse in different regions. The country itself is located in three zones: temperate, subtropical and tropical. The northern and western regions of China are in a temperate continental climate characterized by hot summers and rather cold winters. The central regions of China are located in the subtropical belt, while the southern part of China and the islands are located in the tropical belt.

The coast of the country is influenced by the monsoons. The peculiarity of the Chinese climate is humid air in summer and dry air in winter. In winter, temperatures are completely different in different regions of the country. From -40 degrees Celsius in the north of the country and up to +20 in the very south of the country. Summers are hot and humid. Also, the temperature ranges from +20 degrees Celsius in the north of the country to +40 degrees in the south. China is prone to typhoons, tropical downpours and storms. The weather can be very different in different regions of the country, both in terms of precipitation and average annual air temperature.

Inland waters of China

In addition to the fact that the country has access to the seas, it is also rich in inland waters, which are characterized by long river systems and lakes. Some of the largest rivers in the world - the Yellow River, the Yangtze, the Mekong (Lancangjiang), and the Amur (Heilongjiang) - flow in China.

Besides rivers, China is also rich in lakes. Some of the largest lakes in the country are Poyang, Dongting and Taihu.

Fauna and flora of China

The fauna of China suffers from deforestation, but there are quite a few animal species. The symbols of China are Little Panda and Big Panda. Also, the most common representatives of the animal world of China are: wolves, foxes, bears, raccoons, jerboas, hamsters, tigers, leopards, monkeys and many other species of representatives of the animal world.

The flora of China is characterized by deciduous and coniferous forests, coniferous taiga, subtropical and tropical forests. Recently, due to the use of land by man, the vegetation of the country began to suffer very much. The property of China is the bamboo plant. There are about 35 types of bamboo in the PRC. Its characteristic feature is its rapid growth. Bamboo is used both for food and for the production of furniture, cellulose, ropes, pipes and other types of products. The main representatives of the plant world of China are linden, oak, maple and walnut, there are many types of shrubs, and among the flowers are magnolia, orchids, lotuses, tea roses, Chinese camellias, chrysanthemums.

If you liked this material, share it with your friends on social networks. Thanks!

Climate of China: when is the best time to go to China and when are the most favorable climatic conditions. Features of the climate of China.

  • Tours for May around the world
  • Last Minute Tours around the world

The weather in China can vary from region to region, although the country generally has cool winters and hot summers with a lot of rainfall. At the same time, a moderate continental climate prevails in the west and north of the country, subtropical in the central regions, and tropical monsoon on the southern coast and islands.

In the center of the country it is quite rainy in summer - precipitation is brought by the monsoon, which "reigns" in the region from April to September. Most of the rain is in June, in the same month the highest air temperature is observed +31 ... + 33 ° С during the day. The coldest time is in June, when the daytime temperature drops to +6 ... + 8 ° С, and the nighttime temperature drops to -1 ...- 3 ° С.

The best time to visit China is from October to March, as the "rainy season" takes place in the country from April to September.

Mild winters and not too hot summers are usually in the Sichuan province, located in the center of the country and protected from the winds by mountains. The temperature in winter there rarely drops to zero, and in summer constant cloudiness saves from the hot sun. The most favorable is the climate of the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau with its mild winters and sunny summers. So, the average daytime temperature in winter is +14 ° C, and in summer +17 ... + 23 ° С.

It is believed that the best time to visit China is from October to March, as the "rainy season" takes place in the country from April to September. In the summer months, tropical showers and typhoons are not uncommon. Such high humidity, coupled with the heat, creates not the most comfortable conditions for traveling around the country. The "golden season" is in October, when the rains end and the heat subsides.

Tell us briefly about the climate of China

  1. The climate of China is largely determined by its relief: giant steps, descending from the highlands of Central Asia to the ocean, form a kind of giant screen, contributing, on the one hand, to the retention of moisture coming from the ocean to land during the summer monsoon, and, on the other hand, Thus, in the summer on the flat part of the continent, precipitation falls even more than in the equatorial zone, and in winter dry and cold weather sets in, due to the influence of continental air masses, the effect of which extends up to tropical latitudes. In general, most of China is characterized by a pronounced continentality of the climate, with a distinct difference between the seasons and a large amplitude of temperatures and precipitation.
  2. The climate of China is characterized primarily by monsoon rains and a pronounced change of seasons, frequent northerly winds with little rainfall in winter and frequent southerly winds with heavy rains in summer.
  3. The same as in Blagoveshchensk.
  4. Naturally, the climate in different regions of such a large country as China is not the same.
    In 1958, the Committee for Geographical Zoning of the Academy of Sciences of the PRC divided the country into six climatic zones (not including the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau).

    1.Equatorial climatic zone. Latitude south of 15 s. NS. Hot summer all year round. Tropical rainforest vegetation.

    2.Tropical climatic zone. Latitude 15-23 s. NS. The average temperature of the coldest month is above 16C. Vegetation of tropical monsoon forests. Three harvests of rice a year.

    3. Subtropical climatic zone. Latitude 23-34 s. NS. The average temperature of the coldest month is 0-16C. Vegetation of evergreen deciduous forests. Two rice crops a year.

    4. Moderately warm climatic zone. Latitude 32-43. The average temperature of the coldest month is from 8 to 0С. Vegetation of deciduous deciduous forests. Three harvests in two years.

    5.Moderate climatic zone. Latitude 36-52 s. NS. The average temperature of the coldest month is about 24C. Vegetation of coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests. One harvest per year.

    6. Moderately cold climatic zone. Latitude Above 50 s. NS. The average temperature of the coldest month is below 24C. Vegetation of taiga forests. On the flat lands, it is possible to grow spring varieties of wheat and potatoes, although the conditions here are not favorable enough.

    The climate of China is characterized primarily by monsoon rains and a pronounced change of seasons, frequent northerly winds with little rainfall in winter and frequent southerly winds with heavy rains in summer. The variety of general climatic conditions includes cold air currents, cyclones, periodic rains and typhoons. It is also characterized by a pronounced continentality of the climate with wide variations in temperature and precipitation, especially between the lower and upper limits. In winter, temperatures in China are lower than in other countries located at the same latitude, in summer they are much higher.

    The general picture of the distribution of annual precipitation in China is characterized by their progressive decrease from the southeast coast (1000 2000 mm; a record figure was recorded in Hoshaolao, Taiwan Province, 8408 mm) to the interior regions of the northwest (100 200 mm), in other words, the further from the coast, the less rainfall.
    _________________

    A little - a little more detail on the cities of China:

    In January in Harbin, the capital of the northeastern province of Heilongjiang, the temperature is not uncommon - 20 C, and in Guangzhou at the same time + 15 C. In summer, the temperature difference is not so great. In the North China lowland, despite the proximity of the sea, the continental climate prevails.
    In winter, from October to March, icy winds blow from Siberia here. They are dry enough, making frost easier to tolerate. Winter is replaced by a short spring, and in April sandstorms hit the city. In summer it is hot here, much hotter than in Moscow. In August and September, the gold of the foliage signifies the onset of autumn.

    It is quite warm in Shanghai in winter and the thermometer rarely drops below zero. But high air humidity (it is 85 to 95% all year round!) Is difficult to tolerate. It is very hot and humid here in summer, from June to August. These months account for the bulk of precipitation.

    Further south, Guangzhou has a subtropical coastal climate. The average winter temperature here is 13C, but the air humidity is also very high. It is stuffy and humid here in summer. Heavy rain falls from June to September. Typhoons often occur (their very name comes from the Chinese da feng - big wind), causing showers and hurricanes in these places.

  5. Most of China's territory is located within the temperate and subtropical zones, the southern part is in the tropics. The opinion that China is hot all year round is wrong. Summer is hot, with little precipitation (average temperature + 32C). Winter in the north and north-east is cold with temperatures down to -25C, in the central part the climate is milder and winter temperatures do not drop below -5C. In the very south (Guangdong province), you can sunbathe and swim all year round (average air temperature + 30C, water + 22C). The territory of China includes 6 climatic zones: equatorial, tropical, subtropical, warm temperate, temperate and cold temperate. It is best to travel in northern China during September-October, and in southern China in October-December. China's climate consists of continuous extremes - hot summers over most of the country, severe cold winters in the north and mild winters in the south. During spring rains, southern cities, especially Guilin and Guangzhou, suffer terribly from rising water levels. Sandstorms in April can be a problem in the north (Beijing). Tibet can meet you with severe frosts even in autumn or late spring.
    Weather in China by months. Beijing.
    Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
    Maximum air C 1 3 10 19 26 30 30 29 25 19 9 2
    Average minimum C -10 -8 -2 6 12 17 21 20 13 6 -2 -8
    Rain (mm) lt; 5 5 5 20 35 75 205 180 lt; 5 15 5 lt; 5

    The average January temperature ranges from -4 and below in the North (and in the North of the Great Khingan to -30) and up to +18 in the South. In summer, the temperature regime is more diverse: the average July temperature in the North is +20, and in the South +28. It differs greatly in different parts of the country within 3 climatic zones: temperate continental (west and north) with hot summers and severe winters, subtropical in the central regions of the country and tropical monsoon on the southern coast and islands. A characteristic feature is very high air humidity in summer in many central and southern regions. The average temperature in the northern regions in winter is about -7 C (not uncommon and -20 C), in summer about +22 C and is quite dry. In the central part of China in winter from 0 C to -5 C, in summer - about +20 C. In the southern regions in winter from +6 C to +15 C, in summer - above +25 C. Annual precipitation varies from 2000-2500 mm. in the south and east, up to 50-100 mm. in the northern and western regions. In winter and autumn, powerful typhoons are frequent in the south and withering winds in the northern and western parts of the country. The ideal time to travel to China is late spring, especially May, or autumn from September to October, and November to December in the south.

Ancient China occupied an impressive area in the southeast of Asia, located on the Great Plain of China. The large territory of the empire determined a variety of climatic features and natural conditions, thanks to which the formation and development of the ancient state became possible.

Yellow River and Yangtze

The formation of ancient Chinese civilization took place at the turn of the 3rd - 2nd millennia BC. Like all ancient peoples, the Chinese settled on the banks of large rivers, which provide them with everything they need.

On the territory of the Great Plain of China, there are two mighty rivers - the Yellow River (Yellow River) and the Yangtze (Blue River). The Yellow River basin became the cradle of Chinese civilization. This waterway has always been distinguished by its indomitable disposition, regularly flooding huge sections of the valley and changing the direction of its course.

Rice. 1. Great Yellow River.

In ancient times, the entire Yellow He Valley was covered with dense forests, which have now been completely destroyed. In ancient China, this region was distinguished by high humidity - heavy rains fell throughout the year with short interruptions. Over time, the climate began to change towards a decrease in the average annual temperature and humidity.

💡

Despite the capricious disposition of the Yellow River, which was the culprit for the flooding of crops, the ancient Chinese did not leave its valley. Only in this region alluvial soils predominated, characterized by high fertile properties. The soft alluvial soil formed from the nutrient river silt contributed to the successful development of agriculture.

Climate in Ancient China

The natural and climatic conditions of Ancient China were diverse due to the natural division of a large country into two parts - western and eastern.

TOP-3 articleswho read along with this

  • Western China is a mountainous region with a sharply continental climate. Winters here have always been harsh and long, and summer months short and hot. Precipitation has always been insufficient for the development of agriculture.

Rice. 2. Himalayas.

💡

The largest mountain systems are located on the territory of Western China: Tien Shan, Kunlun, Himalayas. The highest in the world is the Himalayan mountain range - its peaks exceed 8 thousand meters in height, and are a natural barrier between India and China. Largely thanks to them, Ancient China was isolated from other civilizations for a long time.

  • East China - a valley region, with a milder and more comfortable climate, diverse flora and fauna. The eastern part of Ancient China is characterized by hilly slopes and plateaus. The two largest rivers flow in its valley - the Yangtze and the Yellow River, in the armholes of which the ancient civilization of China was born. In summer, there has always been a sufficient amount of atmospheric precipitation, and autumn was characterized by warm and dry weather.

Rice. 3. Valley of the Yangtze River.

What have we learned?

When studying the topic "Natural and climatic conditions of Ancient China" in the 5th grade history program, we learned briefly about the climate in Ancient China, found out what were its features. We determined in which region the settlements of the ancient Chinese were located, and with what it was connected.

Test by topic

Assessment of the report

Average rating: 4.6. Total ratings received: 291.