Medical waste, according to Federal Law No. 323 "Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens of the Russian Federation", is waste that appears as a result of the interaction of medical consumables with human biological fluids.

(ADV38)

They also include pathological, operational waste, waste resulting from the development and production of vaccines and vaccinations, as well as food waste from infectious wards.

Class B waste is an epidemiological hazard.

Places of generation of medical waste

Class B medical waste generation sites include:

• Pathological departments
• Operating
• Dressing and treatment points
• Departments of Dermatology and Infection
• Laboratory organizations (3-4 group of bacterial pathogenicity)

Collection, movement and temporary storage of class "B" waste

SanPiN clause 3.6. 2.1.7.2790-10 regulates the ways of moving and storing medical waste in organizations that are places where such waste is generated.

It is important that all personnel who come into contact with Class B waste in any way are vaccinated against hepatitis B.

The head of the enterprise must draw up and approve the instruction, which contains instructions for handling waste at all stages of contact with them. In this manual, it is also necessary to indicate the persons responsible for the collection, storage and transportation of hazardous waste.

Waste is collected in specially marked yellow bags, which indicate the name of the organization, its department and which are signed by the employee responsible for the disposal. Sharp waste such as medical instruments, syringes, etc. collected in non-punctured disposable containers. They are also labeled. Organic waste must be placed in an airtight container with a lid.

When collecting class B waste, it is important to consider the following:

• It is forbidden to exert physical influence on waste before disposal.
• It is forbidden to cover used syringes with caps.
• It is unacceptable to move waste to pour it from one container to another
• Compaction of waste is also prohibited.
• Before any interaction with waste it is necessary to use protective equipment (special suits, respirators, gloves)
• It is unacceptable to store waste in the immediate vicinity of heating devices

During one work shift, it is necessary to collect all the waste and send it for further processing of the disposal procedure. Disposable containers are allowed to be filled within 3 days, unlike bags. Packages must be changed every shift, taking into account that the maximum fill level should not exceed three quarters of their volume.

After the containers and bags are full, the waste collector closes the container lids tightly and ties the bags with special ties.

The prepared containers and packages are marked with the date, the name of the organization and the initials of the person in charge of a particular shift. It is also necessary to indicate that this is waste of class "B".

Waste is moved to a storage location or further treated by placing it in special containers. Then they are transported either to the place of further treatment or to places of temporary storage before export by specialized vehicles.

It is important to consider the material, thermal and thermal resistance of the containers for movement. They must be stable and not open spontaneously.

There should be no strangers in the temporary storage rooms. Access must be limited to those responsible for disposal.

Remote structural medical organizations have a reason to temporarily store class “B” waste on their territory. They can be placed on the territory of utility rooms, but in the future they must be sent to honey. organization for the purpose of disinfection.

If it is necessary to store more than a day, prepared waste of class "B" must be placed in refrigerators, which cannot be used for any other purpose.

Disposal methods

Waste of organic nature (from operating rooms and pathological departments), belonging to the class "B", is cremated or buried. For this, there are special sections, cemeteries. This category of waste does not require preliminary disinfection.

What about the rest of the medical waste? They are subject to the decontamination procedure without fail and only after that they are burned.

On the territory of some medical institutions, special equipment is installed, designed for the neutralization of waste. Smaller institutions use the services of third-party companies specializing in waste disposal.

Based on the foregoing, there are two ways to neutralize class "B" waste. These are decentralized and centralized ways.

The decentralized method is called disinfection on the territory of medical institutions. Accordingly, the centralized method implies disinfection in an area that is outside the territory of honey. institutions and implies the transportation of waste to the place of disposal.

Transportation of waste to the place of disinfection

The transportation of waste to the places of disinfection is carried out by specialized organizations. Vehicles used to transport class B waste are used exclusively for this purpose. It is prohibited to transport waste of other classes or any other cargo in them.

It is noteworthy that class “B” waste that has passed the decontamination procedure (marking of the decontamination procedure is required) can be transported to the burial site along with class “A” waste.

Waste containers are reusable. They are washed and disinfected for further use.

Waste accounting in the journal

SappiN obliges to keep logs for all types of waste to be disposed of. Each hazard class has its own form for this journal.

Documents required to maintain such a log:

• Technological logbook of the organization, which indicates all filled containers with waste, their number.
• A technological log for recording the amount of waste that is removed from the organization for further treatment and disposal. It also indicates the data of contracts with organizations carrying out the transportation of this waste.
• Certificate indicating the passage of the disinfection procedure. Also, the data of the organization conducting this procedure and the contract with it.
• A technological log of a specific department of an organization, in which a report on waste management is kept.

Disinfection of waste of class "B"

Chemical or hardware methods are used to neutralize waste. In the first case, the waste is exposed to powerful disinfectants, in the second, the waste is treated with high-temperature steam, and they are also exposed to radiation and electromagnetic radiation.

After the waste has been decontaminated, tests are carried out to ensure that it is safe.

Also, solid waste materials remaining after the disinfection procedure are allowed to be placed in landfills for solid waste.

It is impossible to produce secondary raw materials, even of already disinfected waste.

These permits are required by contractors to provide the Customer, as a rule, in a closed form, to close payments for the disposal and removal of solid waste, especially, more often with coupons, budget customers or city customers. To date, an open permit for the movement of solid waste is not required for submission to OATI. The procedure is now reversed, an open OATI order is required to open a permit for the movement of construction and demolition waste.

Permits for the movement of soil and the removal of construction and demolition waste are issued by the Construction Department of Moscow at the address: Moscow, st. Bolshaya Dmitrovka, 16, building 2.

Permits are not required for all types of work. As a rule, their presence is required for types of work where it is required to move large volumes of soil and construction waste to landfills. For facade works, reconstruction of engineering networks, landscaping, where the volume of soil and waste does not exceed 50 m3, it is not required to open permits and this waste is disposed of in the usual way, it is enough to conclude an agreement with a company that disposes of waste to landfills. In the case of large volumes, you will need to issue permits.

Ground Movement Permit

If your types of work require a large volume of soil movement in Moscow, a mandatory opening of a permit is required. This is required in order to distribute traffic flows across the territory of Moscow and to maintain a favorable environmental situation, since the soils have a different hazard class, and it is prohibited by law to unload toxic soils into clean landfills. As well as dumping broken brick and concrete in the nearest woods.

The soil permit is obtained by the contractor. To do this, it is necessary to obtain the following project documentation from the customer:

1. Engineering and environmental conclusion (sometimes called Sanitary and Epidemiological) with tables on the hazard class of soils.
2. Engineering-geological study with longitudinal sections by soil types
3. Building permit
4. Estimated documentation (not needed in full, but only the part where soil movement and cover are indicated)

Permit to move construction and demolition waste

If during the construction and demolition of an object you have construction waste that needs to be disposed of, you need to open a waste transfer permit with the Construction Department.

All types of waste that are planned for removal are listed in the Technological Regulations for Waste Management and are provided to the contractor by the customer (investor). There are situations when the Customer did not develop the Technical Regulations and coordinated it with the Construction Department. In this case, it is necessary to inspect the structures, determine the volume and type of waste (concrete, brick, metal, glass, etc.), after which, on the basis of the survey, develop Technological Regulations and agree on it with the Construction Department.

The Technical Regulations also indicate the types of garbage, methods of disposal or recycling, a list of landfills to which certain types of garbage can be removed.

The opening of a permit for the movement of construction and demolition waste is carried out by a contractor. To do this, you need to obtain from the customer the following list of project documentation:

1. Technological regulations for waste management.
2. Building permit
3. Estimated documentation (not needed in full, but only the part where the movement of garbage and the cover is indicated)

To obtain permission to move soil, you must submit a package of documents to the "One Window Service" of the Construction Department and duplicate them electronically on a disk in PDF format.

The Stroyconsulting company offers you consulting services in the field of obtaining permits for the movement of soil and construction and demolition waste in the Construction Department of Moscow.

Alexey Maslennikov

The movement of goods across the border is regulated by the Customs Code of the Russian Federation dated May 28, 2003 No. 61-FZ.

The main instruments for regulating foreign economic activity are customs duties on the import and export of goods, value added tax, excise and licensing. Value added tax and excise taxes are paid by participants in foreign economic activity when importing goods into the territory of the Russian Federation. When exporting goods, the exporter is entitled to a refund of value added tax when taxed in accordance with Article 165 of the Tax Code. In fact, this right provides an international practice of ensuring protection against double taxation of goods when moving across the border, the essence of which is that value added tax is paid only when goods are imported.

Government Decree No. 442 of July 17, 2003 "On transboundary movement of wastes" establishes requirements for participants in transboundary (transit) movement of wastes and introduces two lists of hazardous wastes specified in Appendices 1 and 2.

The import into the territory of the Russian Federation of hazardous wastes specified in Appendix No. 1 to the Rules for the purpose of their use and removal from the territory of the Russian Federation of hazardous wastes specified in Appendices Nos. 1 and 2 to the Rules are carried out under a license issued in accordance with the established procedure by the Ministry of Economic Development and trade of the Russian Federation on the basis of a permit from the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation and its territorial bodies for transboundary movement of waste.

Basically, these restrictions apply to the movement of hazardous waste. Nevertheless, this decree covers such types of waste as used tires, aluminum slag, spent batteries, etc. However, it should be noted that the export of waste indicated in these lists is practically devoid of commercial sense due to lack of demand. Licensing of the transboundary movement of hazardous waste practically does not apply to types of secondary raw materials, the export of which would increase the volume of their use or procurement, although in some rare cases, this can become a significant obstacle to the export of, say, scrap lead-acid batteries.

Despite possible obstacles, licensing of the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes is in line with international agreements, and handling such hazardous wastes in any case requires obtaining a license to handle hazardous wastes.

Another regulator of foreign economic activity is customs duties. The procedure for establishing customs duties is determined by the Law of the Russian Federation of May 21, 1993 No. 5003-I "On Customs Tariff". Article 3 of this law determines that import and export customs duties are established by the Government of the Russian Federation. On January 1, 2002, the Customs Tariff of the Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 30, 2001 No. 830, entered into force.

The table below shows the rates of export customs duties for the main types of waste.

*) Applicable to goods exported from the customs territory of Russia outside the states parties to the agreements on the Customs Union. The members of the Customs Union are the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan.

Customs duties are widely used as the main instrument for regulating foreign economic activity. Export duties are a tool for limiting the export of products outside Russia by reducing the profitability of export operations with such goods. Higher rates of export duties are applied to goods, the export of which is undesirable for any reason. Scrap and waste of non-ferrous metals, such as copper, aluminum, nickel, etc., are currently under the greatest pressure from export duties. Non-ferrous metals are widely used in high-tech industries: defense, aerospace, electrical engineering, radio-electronic, and automotive. At the same time, the price of non-ferrous metals on the international market is quite high, which causes a natural outflow of some of the raw materials abroad. A similar situation is developing with waste and scrap of ferrous metals.

For procurement companies, this, first of all, means a decrease in the profitability of the main activity. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that wastes, for which high export duties are established, are used in the best possible way. This is due to the fact that lately, the depth of processing of waste of ferrous and non-ferrous metals has grown significantly. Many purveyors and recyclers of secondary metals produce products with high added value and, as a rule, these products no longer belong to the waste group. An example of this is the situation with the processing of scrap and waste aluminum. Many billet enterprises have production facilities and produce aluminum alloys, both for consumers on the domestic market and for export. If earlier alloys of the secondary AB group were mainly produced, used mainly as a deoxidizer in ferrous metallurgy, now high-quality aluminum alloys are produced for various branches of machine building, both for casting and for forming. Low-quality scrap and waste of aluminum (aluminum cans, laminated foil, etc.) are now used as a deoxidizer, and a number of enterprises use high-tech equipment for their processing, which makes it possible to achieve the required quality and shape of the product.

It can be noted that high export duties contribute to the technical re-equipment of enterprises, since force entrepreneurs to make a deeper processing of waste in order to increase the profitability of the entire production by increasing the cost of the final product. In addition, a processed product can be subject to a much lower export duty (for example, for secondary aluminum alloys, the export duty is 5%, versus 50% for waste), which additionally stimulates deep processing of waste.

With regard to waste and scrap of ferrous metals, the situation is somewhat different. The processing of ferrous scrap into products of higher consumer properties requires much more expensive equipment than in the case of non-ferrous metals. As a rule, these are electric arc furnaces of high power and volume with a continuous casting system. Although there are mini-factories in the world that provide local needs for long products, in Russia this practice is just beginning to emerge. Most of the purveyors of scrap and waste of ferrous metals actually only prepare raw materials for smelting, i.e. for delivery to metallurgical plants. It is practically impossible to organize production of deep processing of ferrous scrap without significant capital expenditures, and often has all kinds of restrictions on the part of energy supply and environmental standards. In addition, the supply of metal products in the domestic market currently exceeds demand, which also reduces the investment attractiveness of such projects.

Transboundary movement of waste

Transboundary movement of waste is the movement of waste from the territory of one state to the territory of neighboring countries or their transit. The transboundary movement of waste provides for the participation of at least two states.

To carry out activities on the transboundary movement of waste, it is necessary, as a legal entity engaged in direct or transit transportation of waste from the Russian Federation, to obtain a special permit, which can be issued for a one-time movement of waste or, if there is a contract, for a calendar year.

The permit is issued on the basis of:

• Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 442 concerning the movement of waste between states and territories. It should be noted that in 2016 some clarifying additions were made to this document. Also, a “Single List of Wastes” was determined, which are subject to the restriction on the movement of hazardous waste.
• On the territory of the Russian Federation, there is also a separate provision on restrictions on waste transportation, which was approved by the Decision of the EurAsEC Interstate Council No. 19 of November 27, 2009. The same force applies to the decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 132 of November 27, 2009, which was amended on July 26, 2012.

Together with the instructions on the standard principle of the conclusion form, a separate format for the authorization document was developed that would regulate any movement of individual goods. This document is included in the Unified List of Goods on which a ban or restriction on the movement of these goods has been imposed within the states that are members of the Customs Union, working in commonwealth with the EurAsEC and within trade relations with third countries.

The unified list was approved by the decision of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Service No. 45 dated May 16, 2012.

The permit is issued by an authorized state body in the category of nature management. The terms of consideration are about one month from the date of submission of the application with the attachment of a complete set of documents certified by a notary.

FSBI "FTSAO" deals with issues of environmental safety and is always ready to assist in the expert assessment of the documents required to obtain a permit for transboundary movement of waste.

When conducting research, it is indicated that goods transported under a cross-border permit are not covered by the Customs Union. All expert documents are issued as soon as possible. Mutual cooperation with our organization is a guarantee that the business will be environmentally friendly. FGBU FTSAO will prepare a package of documents required to obtain a permit for transboundary movement of waste.