The official name of the state is the Federative Republic of Brazil. The country of Brazil ranks 5th in terms of its area of ​​8,515,770 km2. At the same time, the size of the country's population is approximately 212,804,996 people as of 2018, with a population density of 22 people / km2.

Brazil became independent on September 7, 1822. Today the country of Brazil is a federal presidential republic. The President of the State is Michel Temer. The state language is Portuguese. The monetary unit is the Brazilian real. The capital of Brazil is Brasilia.

Brazil flag:

Brazil is administratively divided into 26 states and 1 federal (metropolitan) district. There are also 5 regions: North, North-East, Central-West, South-East and South regions.

Brazil focuses on oil production, natural gas production, automotive and agricultural development. This country is the largest sugar exporter. It also supplies oranges, soybeans, coffee and other products to the world market.

The country is also rich in natural resources. In terms of hardwood reserves, Brazil comes out on top. The longest river in the world, the Amazon, flows through the country. Also on the territory of the country there are deposits of minerals such as manganese ore, iron ore, zinc, nickel, titanium ore. One of the largest gold deposits is located in the south of the country. Gems are also mined.

Relief of brazil

The relief of the country changes from north to south. The Guiana Plateau is located in the northernmost part of the country. Moving further south of the country is the Amazonian Lowland. The rest of the southern part of the country lies on the Brazilian Highlands.

The highest point in the country is Mount Bandeira, whose height reaches 2890 meters.

Brazil climate

The country of Brazil is located in the warmest climatic zones - equatorial, tropical and subtropical. Due to this location of the country, the climate is quite hot in it.

The climate in the country changes not only from north to south, but also in length from east to west. This is due to the location of the regions, the proximity of the ocean and many other factors. The hottest region of the country is the northeast, where there is an equatorial climate. In the warmest months, the daytime temperature does not drop below +35 degrees Celsius.

Most of the country is located in a tropical climate, but it differs significantly on the coast and inland. Inland temperatures are more moderate, while on the coast of the country the climate is hotter and more humid. On higher elevations, the climate is noted with a large temperature difference. The southern part of the country is located in a subtropical climate. The climate here is not so hot. In cold months, the temperature can drop to +18 degrees during the day, and to +11 at night.

Inland waters of Brazil

The country of Brazil is rich in inland waters. In the north of its territory flows the longest river in the world - the Amazon. Its system irrigates the south of the Guiana Plateau, the Amazonian Plain and the north of the Brazilian Plateau. This river is flooded and navigable all year round.

The rest of Brazil is irrigated by smaller rivers such as the Uruguay and Parana rivers in the south, the Paraguay river in the west, and the San Francisco river in the east. The rest of the Brazilian Highlands is irrigated by short rivers. There are also several lakes in the country, which are located in the very south: the Patus and Mangeira lakes are the largest lakes. Also on the territory of the country, thanks to its relief, there are many waterfalls, including the most beautiful Iguazu Falls.

Fauna and flora of Brazil

Due to the variety of climate and relief in the country, the diversity of flora and fauna is enormous. The country has a huge number of species of wild monkeys, fish, reptiles, wild animals, etc. Scientists still find and discover new species of animals in the Amazon jungle. Of the most unusual animals, it is worth highlighting the margai, armadillos, possums, anteaters, bakers, guar, anaconda, caiman and many other unusual and bright animals. The symbol of Brazil is the Toucan bird, which lives in this country.

The flora of Brazil is also diverse. The species diversity of vegetation reaches about 50,000 species. Brazil became famous for its forests on red laterite soils. A large number of palm species, chocolate trees, milk trees, coniferous araucaria and many other types of exotic trees grow on its territory. Brazil also became famous for its huge water lily and orchids.

If you liked this material, share it with your friends on social networks. Thanks!

Brazil is a state located in the southern part of the American continent. The area of ​​the state becomes 8511966 km2. State borders of Brazil: Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia and Paraguay in the south west; Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela and Suriname to the north.

Country geography

The eastern part of the state is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Portugal had a significant impact on the cultural development of the country, the colonial lands of which it was for many centuries. This explains why the only official language in the state is Portuguese.

The political system of Brazil is a federal republic, it includes 26 federal states. The capital of the state is the city of Brasilia, sometimes it is called identically to the country: Brazil.

Brasilia is the federal administrative center of the state, but it is significantly inferior to a number of cities in economic and demographic development.

Brazilian population

According to the 2010 national census, the population is over 201 million inhabitants (5th among the world countries). Population growth is 1.2% per year.

Brazil is a multinational state: half of the population are descendants of the Europeans of the colonialists, about 40% are mulattos, 6% are from the African continent. Due to the rise in the rate of mixed marriages, the percentage of the white population is steadily falling. The dominant religion is Catholicism.

In Brazil, the Voodoo belief is also very common, which was brought to the state by slaves from southern Africa. The main demographic problem today is the high level of illiteracy among residents (12%) and the rapid spread of HIV infection among the population.

Brazil economy

Brazil is a leader in economic development among Latin American countries. Agriculture and industrial production are equally well developed in the state. Brazil is a world exporter of aircraft, vehicles, electrical equipment, iron ore, citrus concentrates, coffee and textiles.

Brazil's industrial sector accounts for 40% of Latin America's GDP. The service sector occupies a significant place in the country's economy. The banking system is actively developing, thanks to the support of the United States, consolidated stock exchanges have been created in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

The country's main problem for many years has been the high unemployment rate, due to which crime is increasing, especially in large cities.

Country climate

The hot climate is typical for Brazil. The average monthly temperature, regardless of the season, remains within + 18- + 29 ° C. The types of coimat of the state and the modes of precipitation are quite different.

The territory of the Amazon has a humid equatorial climate with annual rainfall of 3000 mm per year. In the center of the state, there are dry subequatorial climatic conditions with regular three-month droughts.

This region is characterized by sharp changes in temperature amplitude, which often reach 30 ° C during the day. The hot, arid climate in the north-east of the country is gradually giving way to a humid tropical trade wind in the east

Brazil is a huge country, most of which is located in the tropics. The climate in some of its regions is very diverse, but mostly hot. Let's take a look at the features of the weather and find out how the climate of Brazil changes by month.

Features of the weather conditions in Brazil

The stretching of the territory has led to the identification of six different types of climatic conditions in the country:


As you can see, each of these climatic zones strongly affects the weather conditions of a certain area and becomes the cause of the formation of a characteristic flora and fauna. A large area of ​​Brazil is influenced by an equatorial and tropical climate.

Summer. Brazilian climate from December to March

At a time when blizzards and frosts are raging in our country, it is warm and humid in Brazil. This is due to the fact that the seasons there are directly opposite to the European seasons. Brazilian summer begins on December 22 and lasts until. This time of the year is characterized by abundant rainfall and warm air temperatures. The thermometer in December shows an average temperature of +33 ˚С during the day and +25 ˚С at night. The average temperatures are 3-4 degrees lower. And in its central part, they are equal to + 29˚С - during the day and +19 ˚С - at night.

The heat subsides at the end of January, and February is not so hot anymore. The average daily temperature can vary from +27 ˚C to +32 ˚C, depending on the territory. As mentioned, Brazilian weather is humid during the winter months. There are 15-25 rainy days in December.

This kind of air helps warm up the water on the coasts. At this time, the indicator can reach +29 ˚С.

Autumn. What is the climate in Brazil from April to June

Brazilian autumn begins on 22 March. can be described as moderately hot. In the northeast, the average daytime temperature is about + 29˚С, and in the central part of the country this figure is 1-2 degrees lower. Accordingly, at night the thermometer reaches + 23˚C and + 17˚C.

In April and closer to May, the average temperature indicators decrease by a few more degrees. The water in the waters of the seas is still warm - +27 ˚С. Rains can last 10-20 days in one month.

Brazilian winter (July-September)

The beginning of the Brazilian winter is June 22. It lasts until September 21. At this time, there is a significant decrease in air and water temperatures. This is especially noticeable in the southern part of Brazil. Frosts can occur here since July. The average temperature in July, June and August ranges from +11 ˚C to +15 ˚C at night and from +25 ˚C to +27 ˚C in the daytime. In the southern regions, the temperature during the day can drop to +17 ˚С.

The number at this time is significantly reduced. September usually has 3-5 rainy days.

Spring. Country climate from October to December

September 22-December 21 is the period of the Brazilian Spring. The hot and dry season is coming. From the northeastern regions of the country, the average daytime temperature ranges from +32 ˚С to +34 ˚С. In the center of Brazil, the same indicator is + 30˚С. Nighttime temperatures can vary from +11 ˚C to +25 ˚C, depending on the area. On the coasts of the country, the climate is milder, not so hot and more rainfall.

The tourist season begins in October and lasts until March, at a time when the hot climate of Brazil shows itself to the full. Photos of travelers who have visited this tropical country are striking in their colorfulness. The picturesque nature, formed against the background of such specific weather conditions, makes this country very attractive for tourists.

The answer left the guest

Brazil is in the Southern Hemisphere and the seasons are reversed from the Northern Hemisphere. The seasons in Brazil are distributed as follows:
Spring from 22 September to 21 December
Summer from December 22 to March 21
Autumn from March 22 to June 21
Winter from 22 June to 21 September

Most of Brazil's territory is located in the tropical zone, and only its southernmost tip lies in the subtropical zone. Location in low latitudes causes a large amount of solar radiation in the country and high average annual temperatures, which range from 14.7 to 28.3 °. These temperatures gradually decrease from north to south, and monthly and daily temperature amplitudes increase. Fluctuations in absolute temperatures are explained by the difference in the physical and geographical conditions of individual regions: the height of the terrain, the direction of the prevailing winds, air humidity, the presence of tropical forests, which prevent the soil from overheating and contribute to a decrease in temperatures, or the absence of forests. On the territory of the country, with the exception of some regions of the North-East, a significant amount of precipitation falls - more than 1000 mm per year. For tropical Brazil, the difference between the average temperatures of the coldest and warmest months is no more than 3 ... 40.

Precipitation is unevenly distributed throughout the year. There are two seasons: dry and rainy. The climate varies from constantly humid equatorial in the west of the Amazon (average annual temperature 24 ... 26 °, precipitation is 3200 mm or more per year) to subequatorial with a dry period of up to 3-4 months in the east of the Amazon and on the adjacent slopes of the Guiana and Brazilian plateaus ( 1200-2400 mm of precipitation). For the Brazilian Highlands up to 24 ° S. NS. the subequatorial climate is characteristic with hot (22 ... 28 °) and humid summers and warm (17 ... 24 °) dry winters. In the center of the plateau and on the Pantanal lowland there is a subequatorial summer-humid climate (1200-1600 mm of precipitation) with large daily (in the center of the Brazilian Highlands up to 25 °) and monthly (in the states of Santa Catarina and Parana up to 50 °) temperature ranges. The inner northeastern regions of the Brazilian Highlands, surrounded on all sides by high serras and chapads, are particularly arid and irregular in precipitation. In ordinary years, the amount of precipitation here ranges from 500 to 1200 mm. Prolonged droughts are frequent in this area. During wet periods, it rains so much that it causes devastating flooding.

In the east of the Brazilian Highlands, the climate is tropical, hot and humid (800-1600 mm of precipitation per year, and on the eastern slope of the Serra do Mar - up to 2400 mm per year). The high-altitude zonation is expressed in the mountains. The Parana Plateau, north of the southern tropic, has a constantly humid tropical climate. On the lava plateau south of the southern tropic there is a constantly humid subtropical climate characterized by hot summers and cool winters (average July temperature 11 ... 13 °, frosts up to -5 ...- 8 ° are possible), average annual temperatures are 16 .. .19 °, with seasonal temperature amplitudes increasing towards the south. Precipitation falls from 1200 to 2400 mm per year, and they are evenly distributed throughout the year. Brazil's climatic conditions are favorable for growing almost all agricultural crops, and the absence of cold seasons makes it possible to get two, and some crops (in particular, beans) 3-4 harvests per year.

In South America, the largest state in terms of area is the Federative Republic of Brazil. It ranks fifth in the world. Located in the center and on the eastern part of the mainland. It stretches 4320 km from north to south, 4328 km from east to west. The area is 8512 thousand km 2.
Brazil has borders with Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. The land border is 16 thousand km, and the coastline is 7.4 thousand km. In the east, the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. It has several islands that are part of its territory.
About 40% of the country's territory is plains and lowlands. North and east - the Amazonian lowland, it gradually turns into the Guiana Highlands.
The Brazilian plateau (plateau) is located in the center and south of the country. River valleys and mountain ranges pass along it: Sierra da Mantiqueira, Sierra do Mar and Sierra Geral up to 1200 m, but there are peaks reaching 2200 m (Mount Bandeira - 2890 m, Nedra-Aku - 2232 m) ...
The south and south-west of the country is a swampy area, part of the Laplat lowland, nicknamed Pantanal.
On the territory of Brazil, there are 10 rivers included in the list of the longest rivers in the world. The Amazon is the largest navigable river on the planet, passing through the north of the Brazilian Highlands, and in the south across the plateaus - the Uruguay and Parana rivers, in the west across the plateau - r. Paraguay and the tributaries of the Parana. It is believed that it contains 20% of all fresh water on the planet. A huge part of the river is occupied by swamps and jungles.
The San Francisco River flows in the east of the country, while the northeast and east are fed by rivers originating in the Atlantic Ocean.
As a rule, all these rivers have dangerous rapids and waterfalls, the most famous of them is Iguazu on the tributary of the river. Parana and on the river Urubupunga and Seti-Kedas, Paulo Afonso on the river. San Francisco. In some sections of the rivers, navigation is possible.
Brazil is among the leaders in timber reserves, as 38% of all Brazil's territory is forests. The territory is home to equatorial forests, savanna light forests, dry shrubs, evergreen deciduous and mixed forests. There are more than 20 national parks in total.

Brazil climate

Spring in Brazil lasts from 22 September to 21 December, summer from 22 December to 21 March, autumn from 22 March to 21 June and winter from 22 June to 21 September.
The climate ranges from humid equatorial to seasonally humid subtropical. The temperature in January is from 23 to 29 ° C, in July - from 16 to 24 ° C. A very large amount of precipitation falls during the year - over 1000 mm.
It is extremely difficult for Europeans to withstand the climate of Brazil. High temperatures, humidity in coastal areas, abundance of rainfall - all this affects health and recreation. In the warmest month - February - the temperature in Rio de Janeiro is + 26 ° С, and in the coldest month (July) - + 20 ° С.
Summers in the Brazilian Highlands are warm and humid, winters are cool and dry. The temperature in winter is about 19-26 ° C, and precipitation occurs only at high altitudes, where the temperature is about 19-18 ° C.
Snow rarely falls in the state of São Paulo and in the mountains of the southern states. Cold cyclones cannot reach the continent, as they warm up over coastal waters. Precipitation in the Amazonian lowland falls in the amount of 1800-2300 mm per year, as a rule, these are showers.