Everyone knows that water takes a greater half of the globe. The largest ocean in the world in the area and in depth is the Pacific Ocean. It extends from North and South America to the continent of Eurasia, in the south he is washes Antarctica. Therefore, factors affecting the climate of the Pacific Ocean are very diverse.

The effect of land climatic belts on the climate of the Pacific

Since the water pool of the Pacific Ocean is huge, it affects all the climatic belts of the Earth. For example:

  • tropical;
  • subequatorial;
  • equatorial;
  • subarctic;
  • moderate;
  • subtropical;
  • subanartic.

Climatic belts, due to the effect of continents and solar radiation, conditionally divide the ocean on zones with different atmospheric pressure. For example, an area of \u200b\u200breduced pressure is observed at the equator. Next, it is replaced by the high pressure area in the southern and northern direction. As a result, there are alternation of areas and under this influence the atmosphere emerges winds (trade winds) and flows in the ocean.

Influence of winds and precipitation on climate

Air masses, passing over the surface of the ocean, saturated with moisture. It is interesting to note that the amount of precipitation that falls out in the coastal areas of the Pacific Ocean also varies depending on the remoteness from the equator.

Consider the principle of storms. Due to the pressure difference at the boundaries of climatic zones, as well as under the influence of the Asian continent, from which dry and cold air blows, strong hurricanes and typhus are formed in the southern hemisphere of the Earth. Sometimes they carry destructive actions. Not only the economy of Asia-Pacific countries suffers, but human sacrifices may also be. Strong hurricanes assign names, for example:

  • Dolphin (formed in May 2015);
  • Muifa (April 2017);
  • Talim (September 2017);
  • Hanun (October 2017);
  • Damry (November 2017).

In the Pacific forces from 30 to 80 typhoons per year. The most dangerous months when the number of hurricanes is the maximum - from June to October.

Humanity has not yet learned to stop the destructive power of typhoons, but their timely definition, with the help of meteorological satellites, make it possible to avoid numerous sacrifices, as people have time to leave the danger zone.

Atlantic and quiet, Indian and Northern Arctic Oceans, as well as continental reservoirs, make up the world ocean. The hydrosphere plays a crucial role in the formation of the climate of the planet. Under the influence of solar energy, a part of the water of the oceans evaporates and falls in the form of precipitation in the territory of the continents. The circulation of surface water moisturizes the continental climate, brings heat or cold to the mainland. The ocean water changes its temperature slower, so differs from the temperature regime of the Earth. It should be noted that the climatic zones of the World Ocean are the same as on land.

Climatic belts of the Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean has a greater length and four atmospheric centers with different air masses are formed in it - warm and cold. The temperature of water is affected by water exchange with the Mediterranean Sea, the Antarctic seas and the North Arctic Ocean. In the Atlantic Ocean, all climatic zones of the planet pass, therefore in different parts of the ocean are completely different weather conditions.

Climatic belts of the Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is in four climatic belts. In the northern part of the ocean, the monsonic climate, which was formed under the effect of continental. The warm tropical zone has a high temperature of the air masses. Sometimes there are storms with strong winds, and even tropical hurricanes occur. The greatest amount of precipitation falls in the Equatorial zone. It happens here cloudy, especially in the area close to Antarctic Waters. Clear and favorable weather happens in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Arabian Sea.

Climatic belts of the Pacific

The climate of the Pacific Ocean influences the weather of the Asian continent. Solar energy is distributed zal. The ocean is located in almost all climatic zones, except for the Arctic. Depending on the belt, in different areas there is a difference between atmospheric pressure, and circulate various air flows. In winter, strong winds are dominated, and in the summer - southern and weak. In the Equatorial zone almost always dominates the calm weather. A warmer temperature regime in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, in the East - cooler.

Climatic belts of the Arctic Ocean

The climate of this ocean affected his polar location on the planet. Permanent ice masses make weather conditions harsh. In winter, solar energy does not come and water does not heat up. In the summer there is a long polar day and a sufficient amount of solar radiation comes. In different parts of the ocean, a different amount of precipitation falls. The climate is influenced by water exchange with neighboring waters, Atlantic and Pacific air flows.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest water tank in the world. He stretches from the very north of the planet to her south, reaching the banks of Antarctica. The greatest width reaches at the equator, in the tropical and subtropical zone. Because the climate of the Pacific Ocean is more defined as warm, because most of it is part of the tropics. This ocean has both warm and cold flows. It depends on how the mainland in one or another place is fitting the bay and what atmospheric flows are formed over it.

Video: 213 Pacific Climate

Atmospheric circulation

In many respects, the climate of the Pacific Ocean depends on the atmospheric pressure, which is formed above it. In this section, geographers allocate five main areas. Among them are zones and high, and low pressure. In subtropics in both hemispheres of the planet over the ocean, two high pressure regions are formed. They are called the North Pacific or Hawaiian maximum and South Pacific maximum. The closer to the equator, the lower the pressure becomes. We also note that atmospheric dynamics are lower than in Eastern. In the north and in the south of the ocean, dynamic minima is formed - Aleutian and Antarctic, respectively. The North exists only in the winter season, and the southern for its atmospheric features is stable all year round.

Wind

Such a factor, as the Passat, is largely affected by the climate of the Pacific Ocean. Briefly, such windmills are formed in the tropics and subtropics in both hemispheres. There, for centuries, a system of trade winds has been established, which cause warm flows and a stable hot air temperature. They are separated by a strip of equatorial clutch. In this area, they prevail, but sometimes light minor winds occur. In the northwestern part of the ocean, the most frequent guests are monsoons. In winter, the wind blows from the Asian continent, bringing with it cold and dry air. Summer blows the oceanic wind, thanks to which the humidity and temperature increases. A moderate climatic belt, as well as all southern hemisphere, starting with strong winds. The climate of the Pacific Ocean in these areas is characterized by typhoon, hurricanes, gusty winds.

Air temperature

In order to clearly understand what temperatures the Pacific Ocean is characterized, the card will come to help us. We see that this reservoir is located in all climatic belts, starting with the north, ice, passing through the equator and ending with southern, also ice. Above the surface of the entire water branch climate is subject to latitudinal zonality and winds that bring hot or cold temperatures to those or other regions. In equatorial latitudes, the thermometer shows from 20 to 28 degrees in August, approximately the same indicators are observed in February. In moderate latitudes, February temperatures reached -25 Celsius, and in August, the thermometer raises to +20.

Video: Pacific Ocean

Characteristics of currents, their effect on temperature

The peculiarities of the climate of the Pacific Ocean are that in some latitudes at the same time there may be different weather. So everything is developing because the ocean consists of various currents, which are warm or cold cyclones from the mainland. So, for beginnings, consider the northern hemisphere. In the strip of tropics, the western part of the reservoir is always warmer eastern. This is due to the fact that in the west of water are warmed by trade winds and East Australian. In the east, water is cooled by Peruvian and California trends. In a moderate climate strip, on the contrary, the East is warmer than the West. Then the Western part is cooled by the Kuril current, and the Eastern heats up thanks to Alaskan. If we consider the southern hemisphere, then we will not find a significant difference between the West and East. Here everything happens naturally, since the trade winds and winds of high latitudes distribute the temperature above the water surface equally.

Clouds and pressure

Also, the climate of the Pacific Ocean depends on the atmospheric phenomena, which are formed over this or that its area. Raising airflows is observed in low pressure zones, as well as in coastal areas where there is a mountainous area. The closer to the equator, the less the clouds are going on the waters. In moderate latitudes, they are contained in 80-70 percent, in subtropics - 60-70%, in the tropics - 40-50%, and at the equator only 10 percent.

Precipitation

Now consider what weather conditions the Pacific Ocean is in themselves. The climatic belt card shows that the greatest humidity here falls on the tropical and subtropical zones that are north of the equator. Here the amount of precipitation is equal to 3000 mm. In moderate latitudes, this indicator is reduced to 1000-2000 mm. We also note that in the west climate is always more dry than in the east. The most arid region of the ocean is the coastal zone about and from the coast of Peru. Here, due to condensation problems, the amount of precipitation is reduced to 300-200 mm. In some areas it is extremely low and is only 30 mm.

Video: 211 History Study of the Pacific Ocean

Climate of the seas of the Pacific

In the classic version it is customary to believe that this water tank has three seas - Japanese, Bering and Okhotsk. These reservoirs are separated from the main reservoir of the islands or peninsulas, they are adjacent to the continents and belong to countries in this case. Their climate is determined by the interaction of the ocean and sushi. In the surface of the water in February, it is about 15-20 below zero, in the coastal zone - 4 below zero. The Japanese Sea is the warmest, because there is a temperature in it within +5 degrees. The most severe winters go through the north, the thermometer can show below -30 degrees. In the summer of the sea heated an average of 16-20 above zero. Naturally, the Okhotsk in this case will be cold - + 13-16, and Japanese can warm up to +30 or more.

Video: Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean USA

Conclusion

The Pacific Ocean, which is essentially the largest geographical object of the planet, is characterized by a very diverse climate. Regarding the time of the year over its waters, a certain atmospheric influence is formed, which generates low or high temperatures, strong winds or the utmost fastened.

ATTENTION, only today!

The Pacific Ocean is the largest water tank in the world. He stretches from the very north of the planet to her south, reaching the banks of Antarctica. The greatest width reaches at the equator, in the tropical and subtropical zone. Because the climate of the Pacific Ocean is more defined as warm, because most of it is part of the tropics. In this ocean, there are both warm and it depends on what kind of mainland in one or another is the bay fit and what atmospheric flows are formed over it.

Atmospheric circulation

In many respects, the climate of the Pacific Ocean depends on the atmospheric pressure, which is formed above it. In this section, geographers allocate five main areas. Among them are zones and high, and low pressure. In subtropics in both hemispheres of the planet over the ocean, two high pressure regions are formed. They are called the North Pacific or Hawaiian maximum and South Pacific maximum. The closer to the equator, the lower the pressure becomes. We also note that atmospheric dynamics are lower than in Eastern. In the north and in the south of the ocean, dynamic minima is formed - Aleutian and Antarctic, respectively. The North exists only in the winter season, and the southern for its atmospheric features is stable all year round.

Wind

Such a factor, as the Passat, is largely affected by the climate of the Pacific Ocean. Briefly, such windmills are formed in the tropics and subtropics in both hemispheres. There, over the centuries, a system of trade winds has been established, which cause a stable hot air temperature. They are separated by a strip of equatorial clutch. In this area, they prevail, but sometimes light minor winds occur. In the northwestern part of the ocean, the most frequent guests are monsoons. In winter, the wind blows from the Asian continent, bringing with it cold and dry air. Summer blows the oceanic wind, thanks to which the humidity and temperature increases. A moderate climatic belt, as well as all southern hemisphere, starting with a subtropical climate, is subject to strong winds. The climate of the Pacific Ocean in these areas is characterized by typhoon, hurricanes, gusty winds.

Air temperature

In order to clearly understand what temperatures the Pacific Ocean is characterized, the card will come to help us. We see that this reservoir is located in all climatic belts, starting with the north, ice, passing through the equator and ending with southern, also ice. Above the surface of the entire water branch climate is subject to latitudinal zonality and winds that bring hot or cold temperatures to those or other regions. In equatorial latitudes, the thermometer shows from 20 to 28 degrees in August, approximately the same indicators are observed in February. In moderate latitudes, February temperatures reached -25 Celsius, and in August, the thermometer raises to +20.

Characteristics of currents, their effect on temperature

The peculiarities of the climate of the Pacific Ocean are that in some latitudes at the same time there may be different weather. So everything is developing because the ocean consists of various currents, which are warm or cold cyclones from the mainland. So, for beginnings, consider in the tropics strip the western part of the reservoir is always warmer eastern. This is due to the fact that in the west of water are warmed by the trade winds and the currents of Kurosio and East Australian. In the east, water is cooled by Peruvian and California trends. In a moderate climate strip, on the contrary, the East is warmer than the West. Then the Western part is cooled by the Kuril current, and the Eastern heats up thanks to Alaskan. If we consider the southern hemisphere, then we will not find a significant difference between the West and East. Here everything happens naturally, since the trade winds and winds of high latitudes distribute the temperature above the water surface equally.

Clouds and pressure

Also, the climate of the Pacific Ocean depends on the atmospheric phenomena, which are formed over this or that its area. Raising airflows is observed in low pressure zones, as well as in coastal areas where there is a mountainous area. The closer to the equator, the less the clouds are going on the waters. In moderate latitudes, they are contained in 80-70 percent, in subtropics - 60-70%, in the tropics - 40-50%, and at the equator only 10 percent.

Precipitation

Now consider what the quiet ocean is in themselves. The belts show that the greatest humidity here falls on the tropical and subtropical zones that are north of the equator. Here the amount of precipitation is equal to 3000 mm. In moderate latitudes, this indicator is reduced to 1000-2000 mm. We also note that in the west climate is always more dry than in the east. The most arid region of the ocean is the coastal zone near the California Peninsula and the coast of Peru. Here, due to condensation problems, the amount of precipitation is reduced to 300-200 mm. In some areas it is extremely low and is only 30 mm.

Climate of the seas of the Pacific

In the classic version it is customary to believe that this water tank has three seas - Japanese, Bering and Okhotsk. These reservoirs are separated from the main reservoir of the islands or peninsulas, they are adjacent to the continents and belong to countries in this case. Their climate is determined by the interaction of the ocean and sushi. On average, the temperature above the water surface in February is about 15-20 below zero, in the coastal zone - 4 below zero. The Japanese Sea is the warmest, because there is a temperature in it within +5 degrees. The most severe winters go through the north, the thermometer can show below -30 degrees. In the summer of the sea heated an average of 16-20 above zero. Naturally, the Okhotsk in this case will be cold - + 13-16, and Japanese can warm up to +30 or more.

Conclusion

The Pacific Ocean, which is essentially the largest geographical object of the planet, is characterized by a very diverse climate. Regarding the time of the year over its waters, a certain atmospheric influence is formed, which generates low or high temperatures, strong winds or the utmost fastened.

Date: 01.04.2017

Climatic conditions

Temperature
- average air temperature over the quiet ocean in winter from + 26 ° C at the equator to - 20 ° C above the beregin strait; in summer according to +8 ° С ... +27 ° С
- average water temperature in the Pacific Ocean 2 ° C higher than in Indian and Atlantic, which is explained by the placement of most of the ocean in a hot heat belt;
- the smaller part is in moderate and subarctic climatic belts;


Precipitation
- average precipitation at the equator 3000 mm, in moderate belts - from 1000 mm in the west to 2000-3000 mm in the East;

Atmospheric circulation
- areas of atmospheric pressure affecting atmospheric circulation: Aleutian minimum; North-Pacific, South Pacific, Antarctic Maxima;
- atmospheric circulation: trade mat (tropical, subtropical latitudes), which causes typhoon; Western (moderate latitudes), in moderate latitudes in the north-east, severe monsoon circulation.

Properties of water masses

In the Pacific Ocean, all types of water masses are presented.
So, the latitude is allocated equatorial, tropical, moderate and polar.
At depth - bottom, deep, intermediate and surface.
The main properties of the aquatic masses are their temperature and salinity.

Thus, the average temperature of the water on the surface in February is + 26 ° ... + 28 ° C at the equator and -0.5 ° ...- 1 ° C in Kuril; In August, the water temperature is 25 ° ... + 29 ° C at the equator and + 5 ° ... +8 ° C - in the Bering Strait.

There are the greatest salinity of water in subtropical latitudes (35.5-36.5% o), and in moderate latitudes it decreases (33.5-30% O).

The ice is formed in the north and south of the ocean, most of the coast of Antarctica. In winter, Icebergs reach 61 ° -64 ° YU. sh., in summer - up to 46 ° -48 ° sh.

Ocean flows

The atmosphere circulation forms a powerful circuit of surface flows in the Pacific Ocean. So, in the tropical latitudes of the northern hemisphere. And under the influence of the area of \u200b\u200bconstant high atmospheric pressure over Hawaii, the aqueous masses (as well as air) are moving clockwise, bringing warm water from the equator. In the southern hemisphere, on the contrary, air and water circulation occur counterclockwise due to the area of \u200b\u200bconstant high atmospheric pressure in the east of the tropical belt. The circulation of air and water masses in the southern hemisphere causes various water temperatures in the east and west of the ocean.

In the Pacific, the largest number of surface currents was formed.

Warm: Kurosio, North-Pacific, Alaskan, South Passatom, Northern Passatom, East Invustralian.

Cold; Peruvian, California, Kuril, Western winds.