Flood protection

The abnormal flood that hit the Far East in 2013 showed that the presence of the Zeyskaya and Bureyskaya hydroelectric power stations turned out to be a real boon. The reservoirs of these stations held back the lion's share of the flood

The dam of the Zeyskaya hydroelectric power station
© RusHydro

An unexpected anomalous flood that struck the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District in 2013 was the strongest in the history of hydrological observations and unique in its coverage: a lot of water came to all the rivers of the basin, including those located in the Chinese territory. At the same time, the elements showed that the presence of the Zeyskaya and Bureyskaya hydroelectric power stations on the tributaries of the Amur turned out to be a real blessing. The reservoirs of these stations helped to contain the lion's share of "ultra-high" water, which made it possible to avoid casualties among the population and, one way or another, to protect the main power facilities of RAO ES of the East from large-scale destruction.

Russian President Vladimir Putin has set the Russian government the task of developing measures that would help protect the economy and population of the regions of the Far East from floods of such force. Already in 2014, RusHydro developed a program for the construction of so-called flood control hydroelectric power plants on the tributaries of the Amur, which will allow more regulation of the river and, thus, completely protect the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District from floods of any force. This program included the scheme of flood control waterworks in the Amur basin, developed back in the 1980s. Then the specialists of Lenhydroproject proposed to build a hydroelectric power station on the Shilka River (the Amur begins with the confluence of Shilka and Argun in Transbaikalia), a cascade of hydroelectric power stations on the Selemdzha (the most powerful tributary of the Zeya, which flows into this river below the operating Zeyskaya hydroelectric power station), a station on the Gilyui river (another the tributary of the Zeya, which today flows into the reservoir of the HPP), the Nizhne-Zeya HPP (counter-regulator of the Zeyskaya HPP, 300 km below the station), the Nizhne-Nimanskaya station on the Niman River (flows into the Bureyskoye reservoir) and two Dalnerechensk HPPs on the Bolshaya Ussurka River (a tributary of the Amur in Primorye). In total, the reservoirs of these stations are capable of accumulating almost 30 cubic meters. km of water, which in theory will allow to cut the level of the Amur in case of catastrophic floods up to 680 cm.

As a result, the program included the projects of Nizhne-Zeyskaya (400 MW), Selemdzhinskaya (300 MW), Gilyuyskaya (462 MW) and Nizhne-Nimanskaya (600 MW) hydroelectric power plants with large flood-proof reservoirs. The Nizhne-Zeysky and Selemdzhinsky hydroelectric complexes are considered the priority objects in RusHydro. They can complement each other. The Nizhne-Zeya hydroelectric power station as a counter-regulator of the Zeiskaya station (as well as the Nizhne-Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station under construction on the Bureya) will help regulate the river to such a level that will exclude possible damage to at least seven settlements in the Amur Region. It will become calmer downstream of the Zeya, partly on the middle course of the Amur. And the creation of the Selemdzhinsky reservoir, subject to joint work with a cascade of the Zeya and Nizhne-Zeya hydroelectric power plants, will give an even stronger flood control effect, which will spread to the entire lower reaches of the Zeya, as well as to the Middle Amur (up to the mouth with the Sungari River).

For Power of Siberia and China

Each station, in addition to performing flood control functions, can also act as a source of environmentally friendly electricity. The only problem is that it is not yet clear who needs this energy. Therefore, the sources of funding are also unclear. Obviously, this will be too expensive for the country's budget. Even more so for RusHydro. Therefore, RusHydro is guided by the following model: a certain part of the generation of new hydroelectric power plants can be supplied to the domestic market - for the needs, for example, of facilities of the Power of Siberia gas transmission system. However, most of the electricity will still be exported, probably to China. This country has an interest in flood control hydroelectric power plants: the more the Amur is regulated on the Russian side, the easier it will be for the Chinese territories, it is also important that the population on the other side of the border is an order of magnitude higher than in Russia. It remains to agree on a price.

© RusHydro

At the end of 2014, RusHydro signed an agreement with the Chinese Three Gorges Corporation, under which it is planned to create a joint venture to organize the financing, construction and operation of flood-proof hydroelectric power plants in the Amur Region and the Khabarovsk Territory. The cost of each hydroelectric power station will be clarified after the preparation of projects, while power engineers avoid any, even estimated figures. The financial models are likely to be based on project finance. The parameters of long-term contracts for the supply of electricity also depend on the Chinese partner: the Three Gorges will conduct negotiations with the State Electricity Grid Company of China, this task is fixed in the agreement.

In the near future, a competitive selection of contractors for the development of a technical and economic feasibility study for the construction of all flood control hydropower plants should start. The results of this work, in addition to design documentation, without which no construction is possible in principle, will also contain proposals for financial models of projects, as well as forecasts for sales markets and conditions for working with banks willing to finance the construction of these stations. The developed documentation, firstly, will be offered for consideration to the Chinese partners, and secondly, it will form the basis for the creation of the RusHydro and Three Gorges JV, after which the parties will assess the economic feasibility of the projects and export prospects. In the meantime, RusHydro, together with its Chinese partner, plans to build the infrastructure of the future joint venture.

Lower Bureyskaya training

The first step in this direction has already been taken - in May 2015, RusHydro and Three Gorges agreed to consider the possibility of creating a joint venture for the completion and subsequent operation of the Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP, which has been under construction since 2010 in the Amur Region on the Bureya River. All hydroelectric units of the station are planned to be commissioned in 2016. The design capacity of the Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP is 320 MW, the average annual output will be 1.65 billion kWh. The main consumers of the station will be, first of all, infrastructure facilities: for example, the Power of Siberia gas pipeline, or the Vostochny cosmodrome, the construction of which is to be completed in the Amur Region at the end of this year. In addition, a part of the output of the Nizhne-Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station can be exported. Perhaps this particular project, which is at the stage of active construction, can serve as the basis for working out the mechanism of interaction between RusHydro and a Chinese company.

The next project may be the Nizhne-Zeya hydroelectric power station. It was this project that was recognized as the most elaborated in terms of the previously conducted pre-design studies and economic assessment. And, accordingly, among the four flood control hydroelectric complexes, the project of creating the second stage of the Zeya hydro cascade was identified as the highest priority for the preparation of a bank feasibility study.


© RusHydro

Thermal generation and networks

Coal and gas

The long-term development program of the RAO ES of East holding includes a number of facilities, the construction of which is planned until 2025, among them - four priority thermal power facilities


Construction of the second stage of the Blagoveshchenskaya CHPP
© "RAO ES East"

According to RAO ES East specialists, by 2025 the Far East will need about 4 GW of new capacity. Of this volume, the bulk of the commissioning (about 2.5 GW) will be used to replace the old out of order. This is the price of total underinvestment in the industry, which lasted almost a quarter of a century! And 1.5 GW of new capacity will be used to cover the prospective demand - already calculated and often confirmed by agreements. At the same time, the total confirmed consumption of the approved TOP at the moment already exceeds 350 MW.

The holding's long-term development program includes a number of facilities, the construction of which is planned until 2025. Among them are four priority thermal energy facilities, for the construction of which in December 2012, by decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin, 50 billion rubles were allocated from the state budget of RusHydro. These earmarked funds are now being used for the construction of the first stages of the Yakutskaya and Sakhalinskaya TPP-2, Sovgavanskaya TPP (Khabarovsk Territory) and the 2nd phase of the Blagoveshchenskaya TPP (Amur Region). The commissioning of these stations will provide 553 MW of electricity and 875 Gcal / h of thermal power. At the end of 2015, it is planned to launch the second stage of the Blagoveshchenskaya CHPP, the rest of the facilities will be commissioned by 2017. Their main purpose is to replace the retired capacities of the existing CHP and GRES, which are hopelessly outdated.

The program also includes the Vostochnaya TPP in Vladivostok, the commissioning of which will provide about 20% of the port city's demand for electricity. As well as a number of other facilities, for example Artemovskaya CHPP-2, a combined cycle plant at the Vladivostokskaya CHPP-2, GTU-CHPP Zmeinka and Sinyaya Sopka, Bilibinskaya CHPP in Chukotka, the second stage of the Yakutskaya TPP-2 and Khabarovskaya CHPP-4. In addition, the Far Eastern energy holding is planning serious investments in the grid complex.

In one chain

Other significant projects include, for example, the TM-35 heating main in Khabarovsk. This route will allow all three Khabarovsk stations to be looped into one technological chain, which will increase the possibilities for maneuvering and increase the reliability of power supply to the capital of the Far East.

Another ambitious project is an energy bridge between the Magadan Region and Chukotka. The reasons for its implementation are the decommissioning of the only nuclear power plant in the Far East - the Bilibino nuclear power plant and the commissioning of a floating nuclear power plant in Pevek (ChAO). In the future, the Chaun-Bilibinsky power center of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug can be connected to the power system of the Magadan Region. The project provides for the construction of two power transmission lines 220 and 110 kV, 1100 and 300 km long, respectively. Their estimated cost is about 93 billion rubles. Now "RAO ES Vostoka" is working on the financial part of the project. According to the general director of "Magadanenergo" Vladimir Milotvorsky, it is beneficial for both territories, since it will allow, in fact, for the first time to connect two large isolated power systems. This means that the effective energy capacities of the Ust-Srednekanskaya hydroelectric power station in Kolyma will be additionally loaded, the energy of which can be used for the needs of mining and processing industries in the Severo-Evensky district of the Magadan region and in Chukotka.

“Considering that now our total capacity is 9 GW, we have to rebuild the power system from scratch in the coming years,” emphasizes Sergei Tolstoguzov, General Director of RAO ES of the East. The total amount of necessary investments in the development of the energy sector in the Far East is estimated at more than RUB 700 billion. Of these, about 630 billion rubles. are needed for the facilities of RAO ES Vostok itself - for the modernization and construction of new generation, the development of heating and distribution networks.


© RusHydro, RAO ES of the East

Renewable energy

Sun and wind instead of diesel and fuel oil

Despite the high cost of renewable energy technologies, especially in comparison with diesel generation, such facilities pay off within 7-12 years due to savings on fuel delivery.


SES in the village. Batagay
© RusHydro

You can get to the village of Batamai, in the Kobyaysk ulus of Yakutia, by the Lena River, or by a winter road that is laid on ice, or by boat. For 250 people, there is a combined school and kindergarten, a paramedic center, as well as a wooden housing stock. This settlement can be considered exemplary from the point of view of the prospects for the development of renewable energy in the Far East. According to Rosstat, more than 2 thousand autonomous power plants with a total capacity of 990 MW are located on the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District (more than half of them are in Yakutia), annually generating about 1.2 billion kWh to supply small villages scattered around the map. Networks from centralized energy supply sources will never be stretched to them, and therefore they will continue to live on autonomous generation - as a rule, diesel or fuel oil.

The annual volumes of the "northern delivery" are estimated at 320 thousand tons of standard fuel, and the costs for them - in the amount exceeding 9 billion rubles. These are colossal funds. Just one comparison is enough: the annual expenses of RAO ES Vostoka for the preparation of the company's facilities for the heating season amount to 10-11 billion rubles.

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© RusHydro


© RusHydro

Is it possible to save on the costs of a "golden" diesel? The experience accumulated back in the Soviet years shows that it is possible - and precisely through the use of renewable energy technologies. So, in the Kamchatka Territory in the structure of RusHydro there are geothermal energy facilities (they are managed by subsidiary JSC Geotherm) - Pauzhetskaya, Mutnovskaya and Verkhne-Mutnovskaya GeoPPs with an aggregate installed capacity of 74 MW. Today, these unique stations provide up to 30% of the energy consumption of the central Kamchatka power center, making it possible to significantly weaken the peninsula's dependence on expensive imported fuel oil. But volcanoes in the Far East are not everywhere. The energy of the sun and wind is another matter. “We also considered biotechnologies and mini-hydroelectric power plants, but, having evaluated their economic efficiency, we came to the conclusion that they will not become widespread in the Far East, most likely some one-time projects. The Far Eastern Federal District has serious potential, - noted in an interview with Gazeta.Ru Alexey Kaplun, Deputy General Director of RAO ES East for Strategy and Investments. - We see the greatest potential in Yakutia, there are quite serious opportunities associated with solar energy. Primorye is solar stations and wind generators, Kamchatka - wind turbines and mini-hydroelectric power plants, geothermal stations. We associate Sakhalin and Chukotka with wind generation. "

Prospects for "green energy"

Even the first results are impressive. For example, solar panels were installed at a diesel plant in Batamay, which immediately reduced diesel consumption. Since then, eight solar power plants have been built in Yakutia, and in different climatic regions. Five wind power plants are located in the Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin Region and Yamal. The company's renewable energy development program provides for the commissioning by 2020 of 178 wind and solar stations with a total capacity of about 146 MW. Its cost is 19.9 billion rubles. The largest in the world beyond the Arctic Circle will be a solar power plant in Yakutsk Batagai, the first stage of construction of which (with a capacity of 1 MW) was completed by RAO ES of the East in June. In the future, the capacity will be quadrupled. The facility will cost the company 158 million rubles, but will save up to 300 tons of fuel per year.

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© RusHydro

At the same time, no one is going to completely abandon diesel generation in the harsh conditions of the Far East. The problem is that renewable energy resources are unstable - the level of insolation in some places varies significantly depending on the season, and the wind strength is not constant. Nevertheless, it is extremely effective to introduce renewable energy generation in the most costly isolated points. Despite some high cost of both SPP and WPP, especially in comparison with diesel power plants, such facilities, according to the calculations of RAO ES Vostoka, pay off within 7-12 years. Exclusively due to savings on fuel delivery!

The renewable energy development program in the Far East has other advantages as well. First of all, such facilities can become growth multipliers for many sectors of the economy - from the production of equipment, which is currently mostly imported, to service and engineering. Not to mention that green energy can help reduce emissions from power plants using conventional fuels.

Export of electricity

Energy for foreigners

Electricity exports, even with the current state of the grid infrastructure in the Far East, can be increased to 6 billion kWh annually


View of the Bureyskaya HPP
© Vladimir Smirnov / TASS

RusHydro and RAO ES Vostoka do not directly export electricity. Another state holding, InterRAO, is responsible for such deliveries in Russia, which sells surpluses that are not in demand on the domestic market, primarily to China. According to the company for 2014, in general, electricity exports from Russia decreased by 19.9%, only slightly exceeding the figure of 14 billion kWh. At the same time, supplies to China fell by 3.4%, to 3.37 billion kWh, and to Mongolia - by 5.6%, to 390 million kWh. The state holding explained such indicators by a long stay in the repair of network equipment.

At the end of the first half of 2015, the overall picture changed radically: exports from Russia increased by 42.2%, to 9.1 billion kWh (primarily due to supplies to Ukraine, the volumes of which jumped 70 times!). But exports to China and Mongolia continued to fall: in the first case - by 12.2%, in the second - by as much as 28%. RusHydro explained this by the low water content observed in the second half of last year, due to which the water reserves in the reservoirs of the Zeyskaya and Bureyskaya HPPs had significantly decreased by the beginning of 2015. As a result, power engineers had to drastically reduce discharges from hydropower plants, which led to a decrease in production. The additional load was shifted, naturally, to the thermal stations operating in the IES of the East. But they could not fully replace the output of the hydroelectric power station that was lost due to low water. Therefore, according to the decision of the ODU of the East, export supplies were reduced, primarily in the interests of the domestic consumer. Moreover, by the end of the year, even with a favorable hydrological situation, the output of the two largest hydroelectric power plants in the Far East is still expected to be 8-11% lower than last year's values.

Not only hydroelectric power plants, but also thermal power plants

Until 2013, the entire volume of electricity generated by the power plants of the RusHydro group (thermal and hydroelectric power plants) is supplied to the wholesale market at tariffs set by the Federal Tariff Service for generators operating in the IES of the East. The surplus was supplied to InterRAO under bilateral agreements, the price for which was limited by the decree of the Russian government (no more than two generation tariffs of the IES East). Since October 1, 2013, changes have been made to the wholesale electricity and power market regulations, thanks to which it became possible to conclude a package of bilateral agreements (they indicate the shares of the supply volumes of HPPs and TPPs that are the same for the entire package), which made it possible to obtain a weighted average price for the package that would be interesting for the buyer, and the RusHydro Group to conclude bilateral agreements not only for hydroelectric power plants, which have the lowest tariffs in the IES of the East, but also for thermal power plants, the tariffs for which are an order of magnitude (sometimes two) higher. Since then, JSC DGK (a subsidiary of RAO ES East, the main producer of electricity at thermal power plants in the IES of the East) began to receive additional revenue, which is used to maintain the reliability of power supply, to update and modernize heat generating equipment, which, as you know, is very large. wear.

According to RusHydro, last year the volume of export supplies for the entire package of bilateral agreements amounted to 1.745 billion kWh (the remaining volumes were bought by InterRAO in the domestic market from a single buyer - OJSC DEK (part of the holding of OJSC RAO ES East) according to the usual rules). This year, RusHydro planned to increase exports across the entire package of bilateral agreements to 2.5 billion kWh, subject to a normal water level. The total volumes are likely to be below these values.

Export to the Land of the Rising Sun

At the same time, according to estimates, the export of electricity, even with the current state of the network infrastructure in the Far East, can be increased to 6 billion kWh annually! RusHydro's management estimates that China alone needs 10 GW of Russian electricity. For example, the program for the construction of flood-control hydropower plants on the tributaries of the Amur has a huge export potential. The RusHydro Group pins great hopes on large projects focused exclusively on the export of electricity. This is primarily about the Sakhalin-Japan energy bridge.

After the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant and the exclusion of nuclear generation from the energy balance of Japan, electricity tariffs in this country have increased significantly. And they are unlikely to change much in the future, even if a number of "switched off" nuclear power plants are put back into operation. In this situation, the import of cheap energy from Sakhalin looks like a reasonable alternative. However, the possibility of import has not yet been spelled out in the legislation of Japan. But, I think, changes in the regulatory framework are not far off. Deliveries to the Land of the Rising Sun within the framework of the energy bridge are planned to be carried out from the stations located on Sakhalin, in particular, the Sakhalin GRES-2 under construction, as well as Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya CHPP-1. "Exports can go to Japan via a submarine cable from Sakhalin. There is a high reserve ratio on the island. This capacity could be loaded with export supplies," said Sergei Tolstoguzov, general director of RAO ES Vostoka.

If the project is implemented, at least $ 1 billion will be invested in the energy sector of the Far East, and the created infrastructure will ensure supplies in the required volumes in the base and peak modes. At the moment, RAO ES Vostoka, at its own expense, is developing a preliminary feasibility study for the energy bridge project. The work is carried out in two directions: analysis of the project in terms of the construction and reconstruction of generation facilities and electrical networks necessary for exporting electricity to Japan, as well as the development of technologies for laying a submarine cable from Sakhalin, coupled with the construction of an onshore converter substation and network infrastructure facilities in Japan. A unified financial model of the project is being developed, taking into account data on the Japanese export sector.

Connect the island to the mainland

For RusHydro, the project is also interesting in that its implementation will make it possible to continue the transformation of Sakhalin's closed energy system. First of all, build two more stages at the new Sakhalin GRES-2 with a total capacity of 240 MW (the construction of the first stage of 120 MW is currently underway within the allocated targeted budget funds) and update the island's network infrastructure. It is quite possible that in this case it will be possible to preserve and rebuild the outdated Sakhalin GRES - in its current configuration, its operation is ineffective, but if it is exported to Japan, its capacities may be in demand again.

True, the implementation of these projects will make it possible to increase export volumes up to 400-500 MW. This, of course, is not enough. “But for the first stage it is enough,” Sergei Tolstoguzov, general director of RAO ES of the East, is sure. energy systems with an island, which will make it possible to increase exports at the expense of the Far Eastern hydroelectric power plants. " The volume of such exports can amount to about 2-4 GW.

In these conditions, power engineers closely follow any gestures of the state and private investors, and sometimes act ahead of the curve. The Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP under construction has already been provided with a pool of potential consumers - this is the Vostochny cosmodrome, facilities of the Power of Siberia gas transmission system and other infrastructure projects planned to be created in the IES of the East. The new Sovgavanskaya CHPP, which is being built within the framework of the decree of the President of Russia, should not only replace the capacities of the "medieval" Mayskaya GRES, but also cover the future needs of the special economic zone of the port type in Sovetskaya Gavan. Already, future residents of this zone have applied for 50 MW of prospective capacity. And this does not take into account the growing needs of the residents of the Vaninsky and Sovgavansky districts of the Khabarovsk Territory, as well as the prospects for the electrification of the BAM.

Advanced energy consumption territories

In general, for RAO ES of the East, the growth in demand until 2025 may exceed 45%. The greatest demand will be shown in the south of the Far East, as well as in Yakutia, Kolyma and Chukotka. Moreover, if in 2010-2014 the average increase in consumption did not exceed 2% and was mainly determined by housing construction, then in the future, large industrial facilities and consumers from advanced development territories (TOR) will come to the fore. At the moment, TOPs are just being created: at these points of growth, the Ministry for the Development of the Far East is going to accumulate projects of real large investors with the help of various state support measures. The projects of three TOPs have already been approved by the decree of the government of the Russian Federation, six more have received approval from a special government subcommittee. Only the needs of the industrial park "Nadezhdinsky" in Primorye by 2018 may amount to 37.6 MW. The total confirmed consumption of only approved TOP at the moment exceeds 350 MW.

In addition, Rosneft plans to build a complex of the Eastern Petrochemical Company (by 2022 it will be a consumer of up to 200 MW of capacity). Gazprom's needs for the LNG plant in Vladivostok by 2018 may amount to up to 110 MW from the IES East. There are plans for the development of a large industry in the Amur Region. So, for the gas processing cluster in Belogorsk, based on the capacities of the Power of Siberia gas pipeline under construction, up to 600 MW will be required. There will be enough work for both networkers and generators.

Hydrogen project in Magadan

The coverage of demand in isolated power systems of the Far East will be covered by local sources of generation. Highlighted here is the project for the construction of a production complex for the liquefaction of hydrogen in the Magadan region. Under a cooperation agreement signed back in June 2013, RusHydro and RAO ES Vostoka will act as generators of electrical energy required for the operation of the complex, and the Japanese company Kawasaki will be a supplier of technologies for the production, storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen. The preliminary feasibility study of the project was developed in 2014 and is now being finalized.

The project can be implemented in two stages. The pilot complex with a capacity of 11.3 tons per day is planned to be commissioned in 2019, with full development, the plant's capacity will already be 200 tons per day. The year 2026 is named as a benchmark for the start of industrial operation.

Liquid hydrogen is an environmentally friendly fuel with a very wide range of applications, and its production requires huge amounts of electricity and clean water. The logic is simple: there are few energy resources in Japan, but green technologies are gaining more and more weight (for example, by 2025, the demand for hydrogen for cars in Japan is expected to reach 204 thousand tons per year). At full load, the complex will consume up to 510 MW of electric power from the power system of the Magadan Region, which will maximize the load on local generating facilities - the Kolymskaya and Ust-Srednekanskaya HPPs under construction.

At one time, the construction of the Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP, the second in the cascade on the Kolyma River, was linked to the prospects for the development of gold mining in the region. It was planned that the bulk of the production of the new station will go to supply new GOKs and mines. The first start-up complex of the HPP was launched at the end of 2013; it is obvious that in the current conditions it is more expensive to stop the construction. But at the same time, the construction of gold mining enterprises has become a matter of an uncertain future. Against this background, RusHydro and RAO ES Vostoka were forced to think about creating another major consumer for this HPP cascade. The approach is not new, for example, the Irkutskenergo company in its native Irkutsk region has long been doing the same, announcing projects in metallurgy, housing construction and even the IT industry (data center in Irkutsk).

However, the timing of the project depends on the growth in demand for the use of hydrogen in Japan and the world. In fact, the final consumer (at least on an industrial scale) of liquid hydrogen has not yet appeared in the world today. The technologies for storing and transporting hydrogen have not yet been fully developed. With liquefied gas, for example, such a technological problem has already been solved - for its transportation, a temperature of -160 ° C is used. But for the transportation of liquid hydrogen, a temperature of -240 ° C is required. However, RAO ES Vostoka is confident that Kawasaki, as a technological partner of the project, will be able to resolve all these issues. By the end of 2015, the parties plan to make a decision to start developing a bank feasibility study of the project. Based on the results, a decision will be made on the feasibility of its implementation.

Building at the wrong time in Russia does not always mean doing the wrong thing, even if funding is carried out by a special presidential decree from the federal budget. For the fifth year now, the state holding RusHydro has been assimilating RUB 50 billion allocated by order of Vladimir Putin in 2012 for four large generation facilities in the Far Eastern Federal District. Since that time, the construction of a thermal power plant in Vladivostok has been dragging on. Everything - for the sake of replacing old capacities, and ultimately - increasing the efficiency of the economy. The reasons for the constant rise in the cost of projects and their shift in terms of "right", which are already openly annoying both the Accounts Chamber and federal officials, have been studied by EastRussia.

Photo: JSC "TPP in the city of Sovetskaya Gavan"

DIFFERENT FATE OF LARGE BUILDINGS
This summer, PJSC RusHydro is to commission one of its main facilities in the Far East - the grandiose Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP with a capacity of 320 MW, the construction history of which has been going on since August 2010. The station is almost ready: the first two hydroelectric units were tested at "idle" in May, the third - on July 22, the fourth - is being assembled at full speed. In mid-July, filling of the reservoir began to the normal level of 128 m (due to the lack of a permit for this, the hydroelectric power station was not commissioned last year). By the beginning of August in the Amur Region, as they say, they are waiting for President Vladimir Putin, who should give the "start". Energy from the hydroelectric power station will flow to the most important infrastructure projects: to the Elginsky coal mine, to the second stage of the ESPO oil pipeline, to the Vostochny cosmodrome being completed.

Against this background, it is somehow even embarrassing to recall that RusHydro has at least four large projects in the Far East that have the official “priority” status, and one project in Vladivostok, which does not have such a status, but looks equivalent. All of their PJSC and its subsidiaries also began to sell in 2010-2011.

This, we recall, is a TPP in Sovetskaya Gavan (120 MW), which is being built to replace the retiring capacities of the Mayskaya GRES and “to meet the growing demand for electricity from the Vanino-Sovgavan hub”. This is the first stage of the Sakhalin GRES-2 (120 MW), which should solve the problem of replacing the Sakhalin GRES, as well as increase the efficiency of the Sakhalin energy system. This is the first stage of the Yakutskaya GRES-2 (193 MW) to replace the capacities of the retiring Yakutskaya GRES. This is the second stage of the Blagoveshchenskaya CHPP (120 MW), the purpose of which is to “cover the shortage and meet the prospective demand for heat energy, increase the reliability of power supply and cover the uneven part of the electricity load schedules of the UES of the East”. Finally, this is the Vostochnaya CHPP on the site of the central steam-water boiler room in Vladivostok (139.5 MW).

Help EastRussia. 66.84% of ordinary shares of PJSC RusHydro are owned by the Federal Property Management Agency. RusHydro, in turn, owns 84.39% of RAO ES Vostoka. The share of the RusHydro group last year accounted for 12.9% of the electricity generated in Russia and 15.9% of the installed capacity. According to RusHydro's annual report, in 2014 the holding's investment program amounted to RUB 105.4 billion. (including 22.2 billion rubles controlled by RAO ES of the East), in 2015 - 104.7 billion rubles. (21 billion rubles), in 2016 - 78.25 billion rubles. (RAO ES Vostoka accounted for 21.4 billion rubles). Capitalization of PJSC RusHydro at the end of 2016 - 356.16 billion rubles. The group's net profit for 2016 is 39.7 billion rubles.

SHIFT ON MEGWATT LINE
The construction of four Far Eastern priority energy facilities is being carried out by the joint-stock companies of the same name, which are 100% owned by RusHydro. For construction purposes, the federal budget allocated RusHydro 50 billion rubles in 2012. - through the purchase of additional shares of the company. The financing was formalized in the form of agreements on the provision of budgetary investments - one for each object. The facilities in Blagoveshchensk and Yakutsk were to be commissioned in 2015, in Sovetskaya Gavan, Vladivostok and Sakhalin in 2016.

However, the deadlines for the delivery of RusHydro's projects had to be postponed, and more than once. As the company explained more than once, for a variety of reasons: due to problems with contractors, uncertainty with imported equipment, difficult construction conditions, the need to build new control systems for the use of funds, and so on. The list of problems of any large construction project is, of course, very long.

Also, RusHydro had to adjust the cost of work, since at the time of the decision on the allocation of state funding for design and estimate documentation for objects that had passed Glavgosexpertiza (that is, officially approved and suitable for further implementation) simply did not exist. As a result, the scale of deviations from projects turned out to be considerable. For example, the marginal cost of the construction of the second stage of the TPP in Blagoveshchensk in 2013 prices was 8.24 billion rubles. - it was approved by the FAU "Glavgosexpertiza". But in 2015, the amount was adjusted - another plus 1.21 billion rubles. And so - for all objects. So far, the cost of four stations has grown by 38.3% - up to 88 billion rubles.

By the way, the new units of the Blagoveshchenskaya CHPP are so far the only facility out of the four “priority” ones completed by RusHydro. However, even that one did not work, but we will return to this later.

THE UNEXPECTED TURNS INTO PERCENTAGE
At the end of last year, RusHydro reported a decrease in funding by 14.6% of the planned investment program, or 17.17 billion rubles. On four Far Eastern projects, they had to spend 20.86 billion rubles, but in fact they spent only 12.48 billion rubles. - the program was not fulfilled even by 60%.

“The change in the financing schedules was made due to the postponement of the completion dates for the implementation of projects to the right, namely: Yakutskaya GRES-2 (1st stage) - from 2017 to 2018, Sakhalin GRES-2 (1st stage) - from 2017 to 2018, the TPP in the city of Sovetskaya Gavan - from 2017 to 2019, the Blagoveshchenskaya TPP - from 2016 to 2017, ”says the annual report of the RusHydro group, approved in May this year.

“For the construction of a GTU-CHPP in the city of Vladivostok at the site of the Central Steam-Water Boiler House, the design documentation has been adjusted with a change in the total cost of construction, and the project implementation period has been postponed from 2016 to 2018,” you can read in the same document a little further.

Help EastRussia. In the appendices to the annual report of RusHydro, it is explained that the company spent a little more than 8 billion rubles for priority projects in the Far East over the past year. At the TPP in the town of Sovetskaya Gavan - 334.3 million rubles, at the Sakhalin TPP-2 - 2,572.0 million rubles, the Yakutskaya TPP-2 - 3,818.0 million rubles, the Blagoveshchenskaya TPP - 1,301.4 million rubles. The balance of budgetary appropriations - 10,005.9 million rubles, including for the further construction of heat generation facilities in the Far East - 9,106.6 million rubles, PJSC reported to shareholders.

The reasons for the deviation from the deadlines in the company are again explained by the delays of third-party organizations.

On the example of the Yakutskaya GRES-2: the general designer of the Institute Teploenergoproekt JSC disrupted the deadlines for the development of working documentation, and the general contractor JSC "TEK Mosenergo" - the terms of main works for more than 10 months. The equipment arrived four months later, the main heating networks of OJSC GlobalElectroService were built more than 8 months later than it was envisaged by the project, they complain to RusHydro. Sakhalin GRES-2 has its own set of reasons: the need to adjust design solutions as a result of replacing a steam turbine manufacturer under the import substitution program (caused a lag of up to 6 months); backlog in terms of development of working documentation by the general contractor TEK Mosenergo JSC (more than 12 months); ineffective organization of the work performed by the general contractor (the peculiarities of construction on Sakhalin Island were not taken into account); termination by the general contractor of the contract with the subcontractor OJSC GlobalElectroService for a significant amount of work (lagging up to 4 months). For the TPP in Sovetskaya Gavan - replacement by the customer of the design organization in connection with the bankruptcy of JSC Siberian ENTTs (Group E4) by JSC Lonas Technology (lag up to 6 months); lack of proper organization of work execution by the general contractor (more than 12 months behind); financial insolvency of the general contractor, the presence of a shortage of funds for the production of mutual settlements with subcontractors and equipment suppliers. For the Blagoveshchenskaya CHPP: "the deferred payment for the second stage has not been paid."

Thus, officially, the investment program of RusHydro for the current year includes:
- commissioning of the first stage of the Yakutskaya SDPP-2 and related infrastructure (main heating networks, drainage and water supply systems, electrical power distribution networks, access road),
- off-site infrastructure of Sakhalin SDPP-2 (electric power distribution scheme, ash and slag removal system, access roads),
- railway access roads to the TPP in Sovetskaya Gavan.

Everything would be fine, but how does the state treat such lags?

ENERGY FOAM
RusHydro is a state-owned company, and it builds in the Far East mainly with state funds. Therefore, the construction of priority facilities on a quarterly basis on behalf of the State Duma is checked by the Accounts Chamber.

The last such check took place at the end of April 2017 and her findings are disappointing. “The obligations assumed by RusHydro within the framework of the agreement on the provision of budgetary investments in terms of the terms of commissioning of energy facilities are not being fulfilled,” the JV auditors state. The Chamber proposed to the Government of the Russian Federation “to instruct the Ministry of Energy of Russia to ensure control over the transfer of penalties to the federal budget for the failure of RusHydro to fulfill its commissioning obligations”.

The penalty, as it turns out from the appendices to the annual accounts of RusHydro, can be quite substantial. Using the terms of the contract for the same Blagoveshchenskaya CHPP as an example, this is 500 thousand rubles for each day of delay in the date of the planned commissioning date. It should also not be forgotten that the company, having received budgetary investments, has undertaken "an unconditional commitment to achieve performance indicators." The financial stability ratio of RusHydro should be at least or equal to 1.5, the current liquidity ratio should be more than 1.5, the debt burden ratio should be less than or equal to 5, and the return on equity capital should be more than or equal to 1.5%. The amount of penalties is 1% of the allocated funds.

Nevertheless, the decision to levy a penalty from RusHydro has not yet been made, and it is not a fact that it will be made. But what the hitch in the construction process turns into for the total budget of the four projects is quite understandable. The company legally places unused funds on deposits, receiving income from them. RusHydro is then obliged to use its income for construction purposes (another source of funding is funds from VAT refunds from the federal budget). In 2013-2015 alone, income from deposits, according to the Accounts Chamber, amounted to 12.8 billion rubles.

As of January 1, 2016, the deposits of RusHydro and its subsidiaries were 17.1 billion rubles. - 34.2% of investments received for construction. As of December 31, 2016, out of 50 billion rubles. 40.9 billion rubles were allocated for construction, 9.1 billion rubles. - still placed on deposits, the joint venture calculated.The auditor's report to the annual accounts of RusHydro states that On December 31, 2016, the company had 4,075 million rubles remaining from funds for the Far Eastern projects. short-term deposits with Sberbank with maturity dates from 23 January to 1 March 2017. Another 899 million rubles. was placed on the accounts of UFK in Moscow. Over the past year, the company, according to the annual balance sheet under RAS, earned "interest receivable" in the amount of 8.77 billion rubles.

VICE PREMIER AND COUPLES
The joint venture made another interesting conclusion: it turns out that the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District themselves « not ready to receive power from the power facilities under construction ”. So, as a result of the commissioning of the second stage of the Blagoveshchenskaya CHPP in 2016, its thermal capacity was increased by 188 Gcal / hour. “At the same time, the action plan developed by the government of the Amur Region provides for an increase in heat energy consumption until 2020 by only 29 Gcal / hour. Also, the government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is slowly implementing measures to receive capacities from the Yakutskaya GRES-2 under construction, ”the auditors said.

But the federal authorities still insist that construction projects need to be accelerated.

The other day, the construction site of the Sakhalin GRES-2 was visited by Deputy Prime Minister Yuri Trutnev and Governor of the region Oleg Kozhemyako. The scope of the construction is impressive - on the territory near the village of Ilyinskoye with an area of ​​190 hectares, which has been empty for several more years, numerous structures have already grown, about 1300 people and 80 units of equipment are employed in the construction. It would seem that everything is in order: inside the main building, the installation of two steam boilers (each with a capacity of 230 tons of steam per hour) and two 60-megawatt turbine units is being completed, various equipment is being mounted, and off-site infrastructure is being built. A seamless chimney rushed to a height of 150 m - it was erected using the technology of continuous concrete pouring for just 48 days.

Yuri Trutnev, who arrived at the construction site, was, however, not interested in the picture, but in the deadline for the completion of the object. Nikolai Karpukhin, deputy general director for capital construction at RusHydro, explained to the official that there were several reasons for the postponement. According to him, the project was corrected and re-passed by Glavgosexpertiza in connection with the policy of import substitution - instead of foreign equipment, it was decided to purchase domestic equipment. The contractors let down - one of the companies went bankrupt, not fulfilling its promises. Time was also lost due to complex schemes for the delivery of special equipment and building materials, the lack of qualified personnel on the spot - heat mechanics and adjusters - affected.

However, Nikolai Karpukhin expressed confidence that the GRES will start working in 2018. “In November we start the first tests of the station at idle speed. The starting boiler room begins to work. And in the winter period, the main commissioning operations will take place, ”he said.

“You will not be able to postpone the commissioning of the station for the second time,” warned the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation for power engineers. - Therefore, tune in to the fact that the schedules are strictly adhered to. In the Far East, it has already become a bad tradition not to complete work on time. We will fight this vicious practice in every possible way. "

Meanwhile, the positive conclusion of Glavgosexpertiza on the technical part of the adjusted project was received by JSC Sakhalin GRES-2 only in the first half of July. Initially, the new station envisaged the use of two units, complete with Siemens generators. Then, in the light of the policy of import substitution, they were replaced by domestic counterparts. Turbines for Sakhalinskaya GRES-2 were manufactured by Ural Turbine Works CJSC, generators - by NPO Elsib from Novosibirsk. A positive conclusion on adjusting the estimated cost of the project is only planned to be received - by September.

So how much the Sakhalin GRES-2 will cost is another question. How much the off-site infrastructure of GRES-2 will cost RAO ES Vostoka, it became clear last year: a loan for construction in the amount of 10.29 billion rubles. until 2028 the company was provided by Sberbank.

RusHydro almost completely provides power supply to the Far East (the Far Eastern Federal District, excluding Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory). The company's assets in the region include power plants with a total capacity of over 13 GW, providing over 75% of electricity generation in the Far Eastern Federal District. RusHydro also ensures the transmission of electricity (the group's assets in the region include more than 100 thousand kilometers of electrical networks) and its sale to the end consumer.

As of April 1, 2017, the asset management system of PJSC RusHydro's subsidiary, JSC RAO ES of the East, has changed. The management of subsidiaries of RAO ES of the East was transferred to the Far East division created in the executive office of RusHydro. Integration of the executive bodies of PJSC RusHydro and JSC RAO ES of the East is one of the stages in the implementation of RusHydro's strategy to improve the financial condition of the Far Eastern energy sector and the quality of its management.

In the Amur Region, there are branches of RusHydro - the largest in the Far East Bureyskaya HPP (2010 MW) and Zeyskaya HPP (1330 MW). The Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP (320 MW) is being completed here, the first three units of which were commissioned on August 3, 2017. Besides generating electricity, these hydropower plants play an important role in flood control.

A subsidiary of RusHydro, JSC Far Eastern Generating Company (DGK), operates thermal power plants with a total capacity of about 6 GW in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, the Amur Region, the Jewish Autonomous Region, as well as in the south of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In addition to generating electricity, DGK provides heat supply to large settlements and industrial enterprises. The transmission of electricity in the listed regions is handled by JSC Far Eastern Distribution Grid Company (DRSK), electricity sales - by PJSC Far Eastern Energy Company (DEK).

PJSC Yakutskenergo and its subsidiaries provide power supply in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). A feature of the region is a large number of remote, inaccessible settlements isolated from the power system, which are supplied with power by diesel power plants.

JSC Kolymaenergo (as part of the operating Kolyma HPP and the Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP under construction) and PJSC Magadanenergo provide power supply to the Magadan Region, and JSC Chukotenergo - to the Chukotka AO. PJSC Sakhalinenergo is responsible for the supply of electricity and heat to the Sakhalin Oblast.

The power industry of the Kamchatka Territory is based on the capacities of PJSC Kamchatskenergo (thermal power plants and distribution networks), JSC Geotherm (geothermal plants) and PJSC Kamchatka Gas Energy Complex (operates the Tolmachev HPP cascade).

The Far East is a priority region for RusHydro; most of the facilities under construction by the company are concentrated here. By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 22, 2012 No. 1564 "On the further development of the open joint-stock company Federal Hydro-generating Company - RusHydro" 50 billion rubles were contributed to the authorized capital to finance the construction of four electric power facilities in the Far East. These are the second stage of the Blagoveshchenskaya TPP (construction completed in 2016), the first stage of the Yakutskaya TPP-2 (construction completed in 2017), Sakhalin TPP-2 (start-up in 2019) and the TPP in Sovetskaya Gavan (start-up in 2019) ...

RusHydro is also building in the region of the Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP (the first three units were commissioned on August 3, 2017), the Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP (the first hydraulic units were commissioned in 2013, the station is being completed with an increase in capacity). In 2018, the Vostochnaya CHPP was put into operation in Vladivostok.


RusHydro considers the Far East to be a promising region for the development of renewable energy. At the moment, 19 solar power plants have already been built in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as well as 4 wind power plants in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Kamchatka Territory and Sakhalin Region.

We continue to talk about our Far East blog tour with RusHydro. We have already shown you, which will also be the counter-regulator of the Bureyskaya HPP. We’ll talk about it today.

The Bureyskaya HPP is the largest hydroelectric power plant in the Far East, located on the Bureya River, in the Amur Region near the Talakan village. It is a powerful high-pressure hydroelectric power plant of the dam type. The installed capacity is 2,010 MW, the average annual power generation is 7.1 billion kWh.

2. We spent two whole days at the station, during which time we have not been anywhere. Together we met the sunrise and saw off the sunset. When it was sunny, they caught it both there and there, in general, they "shot" the station from cameras from different places, angles ... standing, lying, running and out of the car ...

3. Here is the Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station in the rays of the morning dawn, a light fog in this case even went to good

The construction of the Bureyskaya HPP has a difficult history, but what can I say, like everything in our country ...

The study of the energy potential of the Bureya River itself began in the 30s. In 1969, the Lenhydroproject Institute began the development of a feasibility study (FS) for the Zhelundinskaya (later renamed Bureyskaya) hydroelectric power plant.

In August 1973, the state commission working on the Bureya, headed by the Deputy Minister of Energy and Electrification, Academician A. A. Belyakov, identified the Talakan section as a place for the construction of a future hydroelectric power station.

In 1975 the feasibility study was approved. And already in 1976, preparatory work began: the construction of roads, power lines, housing, construction bases.

In 1984, work began on the main structures of the station (September 22, 1984 - filling of the right-bank foundation pit began), and on February 21, 1985, the first cubic meters of concrete were laid in the dam body, on August 1, 1987, the first cubic meter of concrete was laid in the building of the Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station itself.

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Of course, we harnessed it quickly, but it worked out, as always. Gradually, funding was reduced, construction decreased sharply, due to salary delays and builders began to leave these places ... The romance passed, and the country began to be called differently ...

Years passed, but the problem did not go anywhere, the Far East really needed a source of cheap energy. And in November 1999, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation N. Aksyonenko and Chairman of the Board of RAO UES of Russia A. Chubais held a meeting in Talakan, at which a decision was made to resume funding for the construction of the Bureyskaya HPP and it became a priority energy construction project in Russia.

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In January 2000, the overlap of Bureya took place.

On April 23, 2001, RAO "UES of Russia" approved the program for the construction of the Bureyskaya HPP and scheduled the start-up of the first hydroelectric unit of the station on June 30, 2003. In July 2001, OJSC "Bureyagesstroy" was created - a special company, which was transferred to the functions of the general contractor. Already in February 2002, the impellers of two hydraulic turbines were delivered to Talakan from St. Petersburg.

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The first hydroelectric unit of the station was launched on May 28, 2003, and on July 9, 2003, a symbolic start-up of the station took place, which was also attended by Russian President Vladimir Putin.

November 29, 2003 - Chairman of the Management Board of RAO UES of Russia A. Chubais performed the ceremonial launch of the second power unit of the Bureyskaya HPP. And these two "handsome men" on May 24, 2004 already gave a round figure - the first billion kilowatt-hours of cheap and much needed electricity here.

November 23, 2004 - the act of acceptance of the third hydroelectric unit of the Bureyskaya HPP into operation was signed. And again, it was not without dear guests, which once again demonstrated the importance of this station for the Far East and Russia as a whole. The launch ceremony was attended by the First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Alexander Zhukov.

On November 6, 2005, the act on commissioning of the fourth hydroelectric unit was signed, in the presence of Anatoly Chubais.

July 5, 2007 - the fifth hydroelectric unit was solemnly put into operation and on October 20, 2007 the last, sixth hydroelectric unit of the Bureyskaya HPP was put into operation.

In 2009, after building up the water pipelines to the design values, the Bureyskaya HPP was brought to full capacity. The story continues ...

7. The basis of a hydroelectric power station, as you know, is its dam, each station has its own, with its own characteristics. And the Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station, of course, has its own secrets. Here it is concrete gravity, the stability and strength of which is provided by its own weight, supported on the rocky bed of the river. Its height is 140 m. By the way, it is the highest dam of this type in Russia and the third highest dam in our country (only Sayano-Shushenskaya and Chirkeyskaya are higher). Other metric: The length along the ridge is 736 m, the width along the ridge is from 8 to 22 m, the width of the base is about 100 m.

8. The dam consists of a spillway part 180 m long, a station part 144 m long, a left-bank blind part 195 m long and a right-bank blind part 225 m long. The dam is divided by radial temperature-sedimentary seams every 12-15 m.

9. In the station part of the dam there are 6 permanent water intakes, as well as 3 temporary (by now concreted) water intake, which were used during the operation of the first three hydroelectric units of the station at reduced heads. 6 steel concreted water conduits with an inner diameter of 8.5 m each protrude beyond the profile of the dam. The spillway is separated from the station part of the dam by a dividing abutment, it has a length of 180 m and consists of 8 spans, each 12 m wide, and two dividing walls.

10. The spillway of the hydroelectric power station is designed in such a way that it directs water to the center, where the streams of water collide with each other and mutually extinguish their energy. The design provides a rejection of the water flow 160 meters from the dam.

11. During the construction of the dam here, for the first time in the domestic practice of hydraulic construction, rolled concrete was widely used, which made it possible, without reducing the reliability of the structure, to significantly reduce the consumption of cement. In total, 3.5 million m³ of concrete was placed into the dam, of which 1.0 million m³ was rolled. The specific consumption of concrete per ton of hydrostatic pressure is 0.7 - this is the minimum value of all built in our country.

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13. The dimensions of the pipelines are certainly impressive.

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19. And here is our footprints ..., I told you that we climbed everything here

20. View from the ridge to the downstream

21. One of two cranes on the crest of the dam

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23. View of the hydroelectric power station from the right bank

24. Like any important strategic object, the station is very well guarded, although this is not a hindrance for the bears ..., the locals said ...

25. Another place of pilgrimage for tourists ... On August 21, 2011, the Secretary General of Korea - Kim Jong Il, visited the station. And this is not surprising, because the friendly look of our country to the East is becoming more and more obvious ...

26. And this is taken from the same place as the first two morning photos ...

27. Glory gelio I also did not come here to rest ... all at work

28. Place of credit! An excellent view of the Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station! ...

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30. Beauty of the Bureya

31. Bureya has no fishing value, especially valuable fish species are absent in it; however, as compensation measures, the reservoir was stocked, as well as the construction of the second stage of the Anyui fish plant.

32. The dam of the hydroelectric power station forms a large Bureyskoye reservoir of a mountain type, having a relatively small flooded area with a significant capacity. The total volume of Bureyskoye is 20.94 km³, the useful volume is 10.73 km³, the area of ​​the reservoir is 750 km². The filling of the reservoir began on April 15, 2003 and was completed in the summer of 2009.

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36. In front of the building of the hydroelectric power station there is such a beauty. It was this wheel of the hydraulic turbine that was temporarily installed on one of the first hydraulic units.

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Thanks to the commissioning of the Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station, the Far East region received a large amount of cheap electricity, while the use of imported fuel was significantly reduced. And this is a little, not a little 5.2 million tons of coal, which means that it has become easier to breathe from an environmental point of view ... The very functioning of the IES of the East has become more reliable due to smoothing the uneven electrical load, and the station has also become a fast-acting emergency reserve. Moreover, it was the power lines built for the Bureyskaya HPP that made it possible to connect previously disparate sections of 500 kV lines into a single network. Having a capacious reservoir, the Bureyskaya HPP makes a significant contribution to the protection of the Amur region from catastrophic floods. I am very glad that such construction projects have become possible in our time!

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40. This is how we saw this beauty of industrial thought on the Bureya, and in the second part we will wander around the station itself, see how it works, what new things in the Russian energy industry have been tested here, in general, there will again be something to see and read .. ...

Many thanks to JSC RusHydro for the opportunity to visit the Bureyskaya HPP. I would also like to thank Ivan for organizing his blog tour saiga20k , Irina Korenyuk, PR specialist, Branch of JSC RusHydro - Bureyskaya HPP for a friendly welcome, attendance, passwords and interesting places when choosing a shoot, and of course - Slava

Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station is the largest power plant in the Far East, one of the ten most powerful hydroelectric power plants in Russia. Located on the Bureya River, in the Amur Region. The installed capacity is 2,010 MW, the average annual power generation is 7.1 billion kWh.

Photos and text of Slava Stepanov

In 1985, the first concrete was placed in the body of the dam. Since 1989, funding for the construction has declined sharply, which led to the actual suspension of work and severe social consequences. The first hydroelectric unit of the station was commissioned in 2003, the last in 2007.


In 2009, after building up the water pipelines to the design values, the Bureyskaya HPP was brought to full capacity - 2,010 MW.

744 meters long concrete gravity dam:

View from the ridge to the water conduits:

The dam contains about 4 million cubic meters of concrete.

The crest of the dam in the fog of dawn:

The dam with a height of 140 meters is the tallest dam of this type in our country. This is commensurate with the height of a 50-storey building.

The dam weighs about 15 million tons.

The dam forms the Bureya reservoir with an area of ​​750 sq. Km, located on the territory of two federal subjects - the Amur Region and the Khabarovsk Territory. It has been filling for 6 years.

The annual drainage of the reservoir level is 16-19 m. The ice fragments clearly show how much the water level in the reservoir has been exhausted.

The spillway of the dam. The spillway is designed to discharge excess water inflow during floods and floods, when the inflow cannot be passed through the hydraulic units:

Water is supplied to the turbines through six huge reinforced concrete water conduits:

Each water conduit with a diameter of 8.5 meters:

In the building of the hydroelectric power station there are 6 hydraulic units with a capacity of 335 MW each.

The machine room is 150 meters long.

The rotational speed of the turbines is 125 rpm.

These blades are used to regulate the water flow through the turbine:

Relay protection and automation systems:

Central control panel:

To supply electricity from the generators to the switchgear, a special tunnel for a 500-kilovolt cable was made in the rocks.

The average annual temperature in the area of ​​the hydroelectric power station is negative (-3.5 ° C). In January, the average monthly temperature is −31 ° С (the absolute minimum is −57 ° С).

Construction of coastal fortifications: