F.F. Abramov

On January 4 (December 23, old style), 1871, Fedor Fedorovich Abramov was born - a Russian military leader, a participant in the Russo-Japanese and First World Wars, one of the prominent leaders of the White movement during the Civil War and in exile. During the Great Patriotic War he collaborated with the National Socialists. The father of the Soviet intelligence officer N.F. Abramova (1909-1943).

F.F. Abramov

Biographical sketch

Fedor Fedorovich Abramov, by his origin, upbringing and education, was a typical “Cossack” general: his father also had the rank of general and came from the nobles of the Don Army Region. Abramov graduated from the Petrovsky Poltava Cadet Corps, the 3rd Alexander Military School, the Nikolaev Engineering School, the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (St. Petersburg), and served in Cossack units. In January 1914, he was promoted to the rank of major general and appointed head of the Tver Cavalry School. During the First World War, General Abramov served as quartermaster general of the 12th Army headquarters (chief of staff General E.K. Miller), commander of the 15th cavalry and 2nd Turkestan Cossack divisions. In the summer of 1917, he was appointed commander of the 1st Don Cossack Corps, but did not take command; from January 1918 he was at the disposal of the Ataman of the Don Army A.M. Kaledina. After the suicide of the ataman, Abramov did not immediately join the Volunteer Army. For some time he fought in the Cossack rebel detachments on the Don, and after the election of the pro-German separatist P.N. Krasnov (May 1918), received under his command the Ataman Regiment in Novocherkassk. In July 1918, Major General Abramov became the head of the 1st Don Cavalry Division of the Army of the All-Great Don Army, and in August he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general by Krasnov.

Subsequently, some fighters for the purity of the white ranks more than once reproached General Abramov for serving with the separatists. The extent to which our hero shared the views of the Don Ataman on the future of Russia remains unknown.

In any case, after the subordination of the Don Army to the command of the AFSR and the scandalous departure of P.N. Krasnova, F.F. Abramov fought with the Bolsheviks under the command of Denikin. The general did not show any particular Cossackism; he honestly walked with the Don Army along its entire tragic path: from Novocherkassk to Chataldzhi. As a Russian officer and an opponent of Bolshevism, Abramov most likely was never interested in those in power. He was a man of action, one of the few military leaders loyal to the main idea of ​​the White Cause, who did not choose with whom to go. An officer faithful to his oath is obliged to obey his Commander-in-Chief and serve him faithfully. For F.F. Abramov, this truth became the motto for the rest of his life.

In February 1919, commanding a group of troops, in difficult conditions, he repelled the Red Army's attack on Novocherkassk. Since November 1919, Lieutenant General Abramov was appointed inspector of the cavalry of the Don Army. By order of Wrangel, in April 1920 he formed the Don Corps from the Cossack units evacuated to the Crimea. Abramov managed to inspire fighting spirit in people demoralized by the Novorossiysk disaster and on the brink of despair. Already in the summer - autumn of 1920, the Don people especially distinguished themselves during the defeat of D.P. Zhloba’s cavalry corps in Tavria and in clashes with the Makhnovists. During the evacuation of Crimea, F.F. Abramov led the corps to Kerch, personally supervised its organized evacuation to Chataldzha, and then to the island of Lemnos.

In 1921-22, the general was with the Cossacks in Bulgaria, from where he was expelled on October 11, 1922 to the Kingdom of the SHS. Here Wrangel appointed him as his assistant, leaving him in his previous position - commander of the Don Corps. After the creation of the Russian All-Military Union (1924), F.F. Abramov became the head of the III (“Balkan”) department, whose headquarters were in Sofia. Abramov’s department occupied second place in terms of the importance and number of military organizations included in it. After the kidnapping of General A.P. Kutepov (1930), Abramov was appointed deputy chairman of the EMRO. After the kidnapping of General E.K. Miller (1937), he served as chairman of the Union until March 1938.

Son vs father

“Ah, it’s not difficult to deceive me!..
I’m happy to be deceived myself!”
A.S. Pushkin

"Black raven, black raven,
Why are you hovering over me?
You won't get any spoils
Black Raven, I’m not yours!..”
Cossack song

The reputation of Lieutenant General F.F. Abramov, as the leader of the White movement, was irrevocably ruined by the story of his son, not just a recruited NKVD agent, but a professional Soviet intelligence officer. In the early 1930s, an employee of the INO OGPU-NKVD Nikolai Fedorovich Abramov (nickname Raven) managed, having betrayed the trust of his parent, to penetrate the ranks of White emigrant organizations. For seven years, the young intelligence officer led the elderly general by the nose, staged provocations and betrayed his closest associates to the security officers.

How could this happen? Very simple.

In 1920, taking care of the evacuation of the Russian Army from Crimea, F.F. Abramov failed to take his family out of Soviet Russia. His wife, mother and son Nikolai remained in Rzhev. Having learned about the death of his wife, in 1921 the general tried to take his twelve-year-old son abroad. He sent his subordinate, a Cossack captain, to fetch the boy. He illegally, at the risk of his life, made his way from Bulgaria to Odessa, and from there to Rzhev. However, for some reason the messenger did not inspire confidence in Nikolai’s grandmother, and she flatly refused to let her grandson go with a stranger to a foreign country.

Nikolay Abramov

After graduating from high school, Abramov Jr. worked as a laborer. In 1929, he was called up for military service and sent to the Black Sea Fleet. The young man was enrolled in a diving school in Balaklava. After graduating, he was assigned to the Special Purpose Underwater Expedition (EPRON) under the OGPU, and was directly involved in the search and recovery of ships sunk during the Civil War. During one of these operations, when dismembering the hull of a sunken cruiser, Nikolai was seriously concussed by a blast wave. I had to give up the profession of a diver. In 1930, Nikolai Abramov became an employee of the Foreign Department of the OGPU. The security officers very quickly figured out how to use the son of a white general.

Intelligence officer Dmitry Fedichkin, who was directly involved in preparing Abramov for deployment abroad, later recalled:

“The leadership of the OGPU decided to send Nikolai to Bulgaria. He was devoted to Soviet power, courageous, and proactive. His appearance in Sofia should not have aroused suspicion. It is quite reasonable that after the death of his mother and grandmother, having become independent, Nikolai wished to reunite with his father. But here a very serious moral problem arose: son against father. Many examples can be given where children do not share the views of their fathers and act contrary to their will. But here it was completely different: in order to neutralize the anti-Soviet actions of the EMRO, Nikolai had to hide his true face from his father. We had heated debates about this. Some said that it was unethical and immoral to encourage a son to secretly act against his own father. Others took a completely opposite position: there is nothing immoral here! The son defends his fatherland from the machinations of the enemy who has fled beyond the cordon. And it doesn’t matter at all that this enemy turned out to be my own father.”

Contrary to the fears of the leadership, no “moral” reasons prevented Nikolai Abramov from becoming a provocateur. According to the recollections of the same Fedichkin, the former diver willingly agreed with the management’s proposal to “play hide and seek” with his parent, and he himself more than once showed initiative and remarkable ingenuity in this game. In October 1931, Abramov was hired as a sailor on the Soviet long-distance ship Herzen. The ship was assigned to the Leningrad port, where no one knew agent Voron. During his first overseas voyage, the agent went ashore in Hamburg and did not return aboard the Herzen. From Hamburg Nikolai went by train to Berlin, hoping to get from there to Sofia. However, in the capital of the Weimar Republic he was arrested and imprisoned. General von Lampe, his father’s ally and head of the German branch of the EMRO, came to the rescue. He achieved Abramov’s release, gave him money for his journey and sent him to Bulgaria. Soon Nikolai was warmly received by his father and his immediate circle. He explained to them that he had fled the Soviet Union: it was very dangerous for the son of a white general, one of the leaders of an anti-Soviet organization, to remain there.

From the first days of his stay in Sofia, 22-year-old Raven began to carry out the Center’s assignment. The scout carefully studied the Balkan branch of the Russian All-Military Union and the battle group of the III Division, led by Captain Voss. Copies of correspondence between Voss and General Abramov systematically arrived in Moscow, valuable information that was later used to damage the reputation of some leading figures of the EMRO. Having started alone, Raven later created an efficient group that completely controlled the activities of the main white emigrant organizations in Bulgaria. The scout received significant assistance from his wife Natalya and mother-in-law Alexandra Semyonovna, a dentist. With the latter, according to some sources, Abramov Sr. had a close relationship. The mother-in-law's apartment and office, located near the headquarters of the EMRO in Sofia, were often used as a safehouse for Soviet liaison officers.

In 1935, diplomatic relations between the USSR and Bulgaria were established, and agent Abramov began sending information directly through the Soviet embassy. Raven managed to gain the confidence of Captain Brauner, the head of counterintelligence of the EMRO, who was also the head of the Bulgarian political police department. Coming from the old Russian emigration, he often turned to Voron for advice on “Soviet issues.” The authority of Abramov Jr. was so high that militants from other branches of the EMRO - from Paris and Helsinki - were sent to Sofia for final “polishing”. Naturally, the Center received data on these people without delay. Raven's too keen interest in the affairs of the III Department could not but arouse suspicion among the White emigrants. However, Fyodor Fedorovich brushed aside all the warnings of his employees if they concerned Nikolai. The general trusted his son completely.

At the instigation of an infiltrated security officer, young people who were part of the organization “National Labor Union of the New Generation” decided to commit terrorist acts against Soviet diplomats in Bulgaria. This idea was also supported by some local reactionaries, in particular the already mentioned Captain Brauner. The group, which included six people, including Nikolai Abramov and Captain Voss, was supposed to kill the Soviet ambassador to Bulgaria, Raskolnikov. Raven not only informed the Center about the upcoming assassination attempt, but obtained and handed over a photocopy of the detailed plan for this operation. The USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs was instructed to immediately file an official protest against Bulgaria in connection with the impending crime.

The failure of a well-thought-out operation for the first time cast doubts in the soul of Abramov Sr. A frank conversation with my son yielded nothing. The elderly tsarist general was unable to “split” a trained agent by playing on his family feelings. Captain Brauner, for his part, also persistently tried to find the reasons for the failure of the operation. In mid-1937, the leadership of the Sofia branch of the EMRO came to the conclusion about the possible connection of Nikolai Abramov with Soviet intelligence and began its active development.

Nikolai Abramov with his wife Natalya

Voron's wife Natalya recalled:

“We lived with my mother and Nikolai Fedorovich like on a volcano. For seven years on the edge of an abyss. If now someone told me that you could host a mortal enemy at home for many years, smile, offer your cheek for a kiss, feed him your favorite dishes, I would never have believed it. But it was so... And then our “dear friend” Alexander Brauner, who had been looking for the “key” to my husband for a long time, began to claim that transferring the plan to assassinate the ambassador to the Bolsheviks was the work of Nikolai.”

Raven's life in Sofia became more and more complicated, and then he, in agreement with the Center, decided to leave Bulgaria. This suited everyone: the Abramovs, the father-general, Brauner, and the Bulgarian political police. However, suddenly news came from Paris about the mysterious disappearance of the head of the EMRO, General Miller. Raven was arrested on suspicion of involvement in the kidnapping. Brauner failed to “extort” a confession from him. With the assistance of the Soviet embassy, ​​Voron was quickly released and, together with his wife, deported from the country. Brauner sent assassins after them so that they would eliminate Soviet spies as they crossed the border, but this immediately became known to the local station (Voron was not acting alone in Bulgaria!). The Abramovs arrived safely in Paris, where they received passports and left for Moscow. Returning to their homeland, the failed agents worked in the NKVD Directorate for the Voronezh Region.

At the beginning of 1938, the naive General F.F. Abramov turned to Alexandra Semyonovna, Nikolai’s mother-in-law, with a request to go to France, find his son-in-law there and persuade him to return to Bulgaria. The general most likely did not know that a woman close to him helped the spy and herself worked for Soviet intelligence. The father said that he was very sorry for the disagreement with his son, and considered all of Brauner’s evidence to be slander. Was he sincere in his feelings or was he trying to lure Nicholas to Sofia in order to punish the traitor? Unknown. In any case, General Abramov failed to repeat the “feat” of Gogol’s Cossack Taras Bulba. With the consent of the Moscow Center, Alexandra Semyonovna went to Paris (ostensibly for negotiations), and from there she went straight to the USSR.

The final

During the Great Patriotic War, Nikolai Abramov worked as a scout in Odessa, occupied by German-Romanian troops, and died in 1943.

His father, Fyodor Fedorovich Abramov, never recovered from the blow that befell him. After the kidnapping of General Miller, as his first deputy, he was supposed to lead the EMRO. Until March 1938, Abramov served as chairman of the Union, and then, having finally become convinced that Nikolai was an agent of the NKVD and was conducting provocative activities under his nose, he transferred his post to Admiral Kedrov. But he himself refused such an “inheritance”. Then, by order of Abramov, General A.P., a little-known man who had not proven himself in emigration, became the chairman of the EMRO. Arakhangelsky, and the residence of the Union was removed from Paris to Brussels. According to the famous publicist and fighter against Red espionage B. Pryanishnikov, this was done to remove the EMRO from the “network of Count Ignatiev,” a former military attaché who entangled all White emigrants in the Cheka-NKVD network already in the 1920s and early 30s.

Even before Pryanishnikov, former comrades and writers of the emigrant press were inclined to blame General F.F. himself. Abramov in direct collaboration with Soviet intelligence. It should be admitted that in those years the INO OGPU-NKVD employed talented professionals, with whom the former white generals were unable to compete. Playing on the feelings and affections of their victims, security officers often used understandable human weaknesses as weapons. Appealing to the patriotic feelings of white soldiers, the OGPU dragged those who were wavering to its side (Slashchev, Skoblin, Efron, etc.); destroying personal life and skillfully planting false incriminating evidence, took the most active and irreconcilable ones out of the game (Abramov, Shatilov, Kusonsky, etc.). As Russian historian Viktor Bortnevsky rightly noted in the afterword to B. Pryanishnikov’s book “The Invisible Web”: “direct personal accusations of working for Soviet intelligence of generals F. F. Abramov and P. N. Shatilov, officers Foss, Zakrzhevsky and others do not look reliable ... It is obvious that conscious work for some kind of intelligence and insufficient vigilance, underestimation of the enemy, official negligence, excessive trust in subordinates are still not the same thing.”

During the Second World War, F.F. Abramov proved himself to be a staunch supporter of rapprochement between the white emigration and the Nazis. He participated in the formation of Cossack units in the Balkans, in the activities of the “Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia” (KONR) organized by the Nazis and Vlasovites. However, General Abramov no longer had the previous authority in emigrant organizations. The Cossacks were led by the separatist P.N. Krasnov, he also spoke on behalf of the Russian Cossack formations in negotiations with the Nazi command. In 1945, fearing extradition to the Soviet authorities, General Abramov left Bulgaria and settled in France (Paris), and in 1948 he moved to the United States. At the end of his life, lonely Fedor Fedorovich found shelter in the House of Pensioners of the Cossack Committee. On the evening of March 8, 1963, on Lakewood Street (Freewood, New Jersey), F.F. Abramov was hit by a sports car, which, driven by a young reckless driver, was rushing along the opposite side of the road and drove onto a pedestrian path. The general was sent to a local hospital. While conscious, he fought for life for two more days. He died in the arms of his comrades on March 10, 1963 at the age of 92. He was buried at St. Vladimir's Orthodox Cemetery in Keesville, Jackson, New Jersey, USA.

Abramov Fedor Fedorovich (12/23/1870-03/08/1963) Colonel (12/1905). Major General (01/10/1914). Lieutenant General (11.1916). He graduated from the Poltava Petrovsky Cadet Corps, the 3rd Military Alexander Infantry and Nikolaev Engineering (Military) Schools (according to other sources, from the 3rd Military Alexander School he was transferred to the Mikhailovsky Artillery School, 1891), the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (1898). Participant in the Russian-Japanese War of 1904 - 1905, served at the headquarters of the Manchurian Army (commander - Kuropatkin) and chief of staff of the 4th Don Cossack Division. Awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 2nd degree, the Order of St. Anna, 2nd degree with swords, the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree with swords and a bow, and the golden Arms of St. George “For Bravery.” Participant of the First World War: served as head of the Tver Cavalry School, 01.1914-01.1915. Quartermaster General of the 12th Army (commander General Plehve, chief of staff General Miller), 01-09.1915. From 09/12/1915 commander of the 15th Cavalry Division and 4th Don Cossack Division, 09/1915-02/1916. Appointed chief of staff of the Don Army (02.1917), but, not accepting the position, went to the front as commander of the 2nd Turkestan Cossack Division, 02.1917-01.1918. He did not take command and arrived in Novocherkassk at the disposal of the Don Ataman General Kaledin, under whom he commanded the Don partisans detachments until the beginning of February 1918. After the General Don Uprising in April 1918, on May 10, 1918, he was appointed head of the 1st Don Cavalry Division in the permanent (“Young”) Don Army of General Krasnov. On August 26, 1918, he was promoted to lieutenant general for distinguished service. In February 1919, he successfully repelled the Red Army's attack on Novocherkassk in the Northern Donets, commanding a group of troops that included the 1st Don Cavalry Division. From November 1919 to March 1920 - inspector of the cavalry of the Don Army. In April 1920, in Crimea, the Don units were consolidated into the Don Corps, at the head of which General Wrangel appointed General Abramov, an officer of “high valor, incorruptible honesty, great firmness and exceptional tact as a commander.” Participated at the head of the Don Corps in all battles in Northern Tavria in the summer and autumn of 1920, in particular in the defeat of the Zhloba cavalry corps. After the evacuation from Novorossiysk to Crimea - commander of the Don Corps, 04-10.1920. Commander of the 2nd Army in Wrangel's Russian Army, 10-11.1920.

From the memoirs of General Wrangel: “A few days before the trip to Feodosia, I looked at the regiments of the Don Corps in Yevpatoria. The corps was now headed by General Abramov, a commander of high valor, incorruptible honesty, great firmness and exceptional tact. A Donetsk by birth, an officer of the General Staff by education, who commanded a regular division before the revolution, for a long time served as quartermaster general in one of the armies, and commanded a guards Cossack brigade in the south of Russia, General Abramov enjoyed the well-deserved respect of the entire army. Having become the head of the corps, he restored order with a firm hand. He replaced a whole a number of commanders, pulled up officers and Cossacks. I had no doubt that he would be able to put the corps in order in the shortest possible time and return it to its former combat effectiveness."

On November 4, 1920, he was evacuated at the head of the Don Corps from Kerch and arrived at the Chataldzha camp (in the Constantinople area), where he remained until March 25, 1921, when he was transported along with the corps to the island of Lemnos. In evacuation since 11.1920: Türkiye (Gallipoli), Bulgaria (since 1923). An active figure in the Russian All-Military Union - EMRO, head of the 3rd department in Sofia.

In 1924 he returned to Bulgaria as the head of all units and departments of the Russian Army in the country. When the Russian All-Military Union was created, he was appointed chairman of the 3rd department in Bulgaria. After the kidnapping of General A.P. Kutepov (1930), he was appointed deputy chairman of the EMRO. After the kidnapping of the chairman of the Russian All-Military Union, General E.K. Miller (1937), he served as chairman of the organization until March 1938. During the Second World War, General Abramov prudently left Bulgaria before the entry of Soviet troops into it, since in November 1944 he was introduced to the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR), led by General A.A. Vlasov). Participated in the formation of Cossack units

Immediately after the war, General Abramov settled in France (Paris), and in 1948 he moved to the USA, where he subsequently found shelter in the House of Pensioners of the Cossack Committee. On the evening of March 8, 1963, on the street of the town of Lakewood (Freewood, New Jersey), near the Pensioners' House in which the general lived, he was hit by a sports car, which, under the control of a young reckless driver, was moving unnaturally along the left oncoming side of the road and drove onto a pedestrian path. The general was sent to a local hospital. In serious condition, but conscious, the general, being under the care of the local emigrant White Cossack diaspora, fought for his life for two more days. He died in the arms of his comrades on March 10, 1963. He was buried at St. Vladimir's Orthodox Cemetery in Keesville, Jackson, New Jersey, USA.

Place of Birth

Russian empire,
Region of the Don Army,
Mityakinskaya village

Date of death A place of death

USA, New Jersey, Freewood, hospital

Affiliation

Russian Empire Russian Empire
All-Great Don Army
White movement
Third Reich Third Reich

Type of army

Cavalry

Years of service

1890-1920
1918-1920
1942-1945

Rank

Cornet (1891),
Major General (1914),
Lieutenant General (1918)

Commanded

13th Cavalry Division
(May 14, 1907 - June 15, 1912),
Tver Cavalry Junker School
(January 1914 - January 1915),
Quartermaster General of the 12th Army Headquarters
(January - September 1915),
15th Cavalry Division
(September 1915 - April 1917),
2nd Turkestan Cossack Division, then 1st Don Corps
(April 1917 - January 1918),
Ataman Regiment of Ataman Krasnov
(May - June 1918),
1st Don Cavalry Division of the Don Army
(July 1918 - April 1920),
3rd Army Corps of the Russian Army
(April - November 1920),
Deputy Chairman of the ROVS
(January 26, 1930 - September 22, 1937),
Chairman of the EMRO
(22 September 1937 - March 1938)

Battles/wars

Russo-Japanese War,
World War I,
Civil war in Russia,
The Great Patriotic War

Awards and prizes
Connections

Abramov, Nikolai Fedorovich

Abramov Fedor Fedorovich(January 4, 1871 - March 10, 1963) - Russian military leader, participant in the Russo-Japanese and First World Wars, one of the leaders of the White movement during the Russian Civil War. During the Great Patriotic War he collaborated with the National Socialists in the fight against Bolshevism. Father of Soviet intelligence officer N.F. Abramov.

  • 1 Biography
  • 2 Orders
  • 3 See also
  • 4 Notes
  • 5 Links

Biography

Fyodor Abramov came from the nobles of the Don Army Region.

Born into the family of Major General (promoted to Lieutenant General upon retirement) Fyodor Fedorovich Abramov. He graduated from the Petrovsky Poltava Cadet Corps, then in 1890 he graduated from the 3rd Alexander Military School and in 1891 from the Nikolaev Engineering School, was released into the 1st Don Horse Artillery Battery, with the rank of cornet, then transferred to the Life Guards Horse Artillery brigade (6th Life Guards Don Cossack Battery) with the same rank and seniority. In 1898 he graduated from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff, 1st category. In January 1914, he was promoted to the rank of major general with the wording “for distinction” and appointed head of the Tver Cavalry School.

Chief of Staff of the 4th Don Cossack Division (09/17/1905-05/14/1907). Chief of Staff of the 13th Cavalry Division (05/14/1907-06/15/1912). From 06/15/1912 commander of the 1st Uhlan St. Petersburg Regiment. Major General (01/10/1914; for distinction).

From January 1915 - Quartermaster General of the 12th Army Headquarters (Army Commander: General P. A. Pleve, Chief of Army Staff: General E. K. Miller. From September 1915 - Commander of the 15th Cavalry Division, from April 1917 year - the 2nd Turkestan Cossack Division, then appointed commander of the 1st Don Corps.

Since January 1918 - at the disposal of the Ataman of the Don Troops, A. M. Kaledin. Since April 1918, he fought in rebel detachments on the Don. From May to June he commanded the Ataman Regiment of Ataman Krasnov P.N. in Novocherkassk, from July 1918 - head of the 1st Don Cavalry Division of the Standing (Young) Army of the All-Great Don Army, in August 1918 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general.

In February 1919, commanding a group of troops, in difficult conditions he repelled the Red Army's attack on Novocherkassk. Since November 1919 - inspector of the cavalry of the Don Army. In April 1920, he formed the Don Corps from the Don units evacuated to the Crimea, commanded it in all battles in Tavria in the summer - autumn of 1920, especially distinguishing himself in the defeat of the cavalry corps of D.P. Zhloba in August.

A few days before my trip to Feodosia, I looked at the regiments of the Don Corps in Yevpatoria. At the head of the corps now stood General Abramov, a commander of high valor, incorruptible honesty, great firmness and exceptional tact. A Donetsk by birth, an officer of the General Staff by education, who commanded a regular division before the revolution, who for a long time served as quartermaster general in one of the armies, who commanded a Guards Cossack brigade in the south of Russia, General Abramov enjoyed the well-deserved respect of the entire army. Having become the head of the corps, he restored order with a firm hand. He replaced a number of commanders, brought up officers and Cossacks. I had no doubt that he would be able to put the corps in order in the shortest possible time and return it to its former combat effectiveness.

From the memoirs of General P. N. Wrangel

During the evacuation, he brought the corps to Chataldzha, in 1921 on the island. Lemnos, then to Bulgaria. Expelled by the Bulgarian authorities to Yugoslavia, appointed part-time assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army. 1924 returned to Bulgaria as the head of all units and departments of the Russian Army in the country. When the Russian All-Military Union was created, he was appointed chairman of the 3rd department in Bulgaria.

After the kidnapping of General A.P. Kutepov (1930), he was appointed deputy chairman of the EMRO. After the kidnapping of the chairman of the Russian All-Military Union, General E.K. Miller (1937), he served as chairman of the organization until March 1938, when he was forced to leave his position after his son Nikolai was exposed as a Bolshevik agent.

During World War II, he participated in the formation of Cossack units, in the activities of the “Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia” organized by the Nazis and Vlasovites, and signed the Prague Manifesto (1944).

General Abramov's grave at St. Vladimir's Cemetery. Keesville, Jackson, New Jersey, USA

After World War II, avoiding extradition to the Soviet Union, he moved to the United States. On the evening of March 8, 1963, on the street of the town of Lakewood (Freewood, New Jersey), near the Pensioners' House in which the general lived, he was hit by a sports car, which, under the control of a young reckless driver, was moving unnaturally along the left oncoming side of the road and drove onto a pedestrian path. The general was sent to a local hospital. in serious condition, but conscious, the general, being under the care of the local emigrant White Cossack diaspora, fought for his life for two more days. He died in the arms of his comrades on March 10, 1963.

He was buried at St. Vladimir's Orthodox Cemetery in Keesville, Jackson, New Jersey, USA.

Orders

  • Order of St. Stanislaus, 2nd degree (1903);
  • Order of St. Anne, 2nd class with swords (1905);
  • Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class with swords and bow (1906);
  • Golden weapon "For bravery" (1906);
  • Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd degree (1910 and 03/18/1911);
  • Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st degree (VP 03/22/1915);
  • Order of St. Anne, 1st degree (1915);
  • Swords for the Order of St. Anne, 1st degree (VP 01/18/1916);
  • Swords for the Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st degree (VP 01/30/1917).

see also

  • Russian All-Military Union

Notes

  1. Wrangel P. N. Notes

Links

  • Abramov Fedor Fedorovich - biography
  • Generals in alphabetical order - Fedor Fedorovich Abramov
  • Russian General Military Union (ROVS)
  • Abramov, Fedor Fedorovich on the website “Russian Army in the Great War”
Commanders in the Civil War
Commanders of the Red Army

People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs: L. D. Trotsky
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic: I. I. Vatsetis (01.09.1918-09.07.1919), S. S. Kamenev (1919-1924)
Chief of the All-Russian General Staff: N. N. Stogov (05.18-08.02.1918), A. A. Svechin (08.02-10.22.1918), N. I. Rattel (10.22.1918-02.10.1921).
Chief of the Field Staff of the RVSR: N. I. Rattel (02.10.-22.10.1918), F. V. Kostyaev (22.10 1918-16.06.1919), M. D. Bonch-Bruevich (16.06.-13.07.1919), P P. Lebedev (07/13/1919-02/14/1921).
Front commanders
Eastern Front: M. A. Muravyov (13.06 - 11.07.1918), I. I. Vatsetis (11.07.1918 - 28.09.1918), S. S. Kamenev (28.09.1918 - 05.05.1919, 29.05.1919 - 07.07 .1919), A. A. Samoilo (05/05/1919 - 05/29/1919), M. V. Frunze (07/19 - 08/15/1919), V. A. Olderogge (08/15/1919 - 01/15/1920)
Northern Front: D. P. Parsky, D. N. Nadezhny (11/26/1918-02/19/1919)
Turkestan Front: M. V. Frunze (August 1919 - September 1920), G. Ya. Sokolnikov (September 1920 - February 1921), V. S. Lazarevich (February 1921 - January 1922), V. I. Shorin (January - November 1922), A. I. Kork (November 1922-1923), S. A. Pugachev (July 1923 - April 1924), M. K. Levandovsky (April 1924 - November 1925), K. I. Avksentyevsky (1925- 1927)
Southern Front: P. P. Sytin, P. A. Slaven (November 1918 - January 1919), V. M. Gittis (January-July 1919), V. N. Egoriev (July-October 1919), A. I. Egorov (October 1919 - January 1920), M. V. Frunze
Caspian-Caucasian Front: M. S. Svechnikov (12/8/1918-03/19/1919)
Western Front: D. N. Nadezhny (02/19/1919-07/22/1919), V. M. Gittis (July 1919 - April 1920), M. N. Tukhachevsky (April 1920 - August 1922)
Southwestern Front: A. I. Egorov
Army commanders
1st Cavalry Army: S.M. Budyonny
2nd Cavalry Army: O. I. Gorodovikov, F. K. Mironov

Commanders of the White Armies

Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army: A. V. Kolchak †
Don Army: P. N. Krasnov · A. P. Bogaevsky · K. K. Mamantov † · P. Kh. Popov · I. D. Popov † · E. F. Semiletov † · G. D. Kargalskov · A. N. Moller · M. V. Bazavov · M. G. Khripunov · I. F. Bykadorov · V. I. Sidorin · S. V. Denisov · A. P. Fitzkhelaurov
Caucasian Army: V. L. Pokrovsky · Ya. D. Yuzefovich · P. N. Shatilov
Kuban Army: A. G. Shkuro · S. G. Ulagai
Crimean-Azov Army: A. A. Borovsky
Volunteer Army: I. P. Romanovsky † · A. S. Lukomsky · P. S. Makhrov · I. M. Vasilchenko † · I. G. Barbovich · A. M. Kaledin † · M. V. Alekseev † · L G. Kornilov † · A. I. Denikin · V. Z. May-Maevsky † · P. N. Wrangel
Turkestan Army (VSYUR): I. V. Savitsky · A. A. Borovsky · B. I. Kazanovich
Troops of the Kyiv region: N. E. Bredov · A. M. Dragomirov · V. E. Flug
Troops of the Novorossiysk region: M. N. Promtov · N. N. Shilling
1 AK: B. I. Kazanovich · A. P. Kutepov · V. K. Vitkovsky
2 AK: A. A. Borovsky · V. Z. May-Maevsky † · M. N. Promtov · Y. A. Slashchev
3 AK: V. P. Lyakhov · Y. A. Slashchev
Drozdovites: M. G. Drozdovsky † · V. K. Vitkovsky · A. V. Turkul
Kornilovites: A. P. Kutepov · N. V. Skoblin
Markovites: S. L. Markov · N. S. Timanovsky
Alekseevites: A. P. Bogaevsky · B. I. Kazanovich
Eastern Front: A. V. Kolchak † · V. O. Kappel † · M. K. Diterichs · A. F. Matkovsky † · A. N. Grishin “Almazov” † · V. P. Gulidov † · A. I Dutov † · G. M. Semenov · K. V. Sakharov · S. N. Voitsekhovsky · K. I. Sychev · V. S. Tolstov · B. V. Annenkov · A. N. Pepelyaev · A. S. Bakich † · R. F. Ungern von Sternberg † · B. P. Rezukhin † · P. P. Ivanov-Rinov · V. K. Molchanov · G. K. Stark · V. G. Boldyrev · S. N. Lyupov · P. P. Petrov · R. Gaida · Y. Syrovy · S. Chechek · V. N. Shokorov
Northern Army: V. V. Marushevsky · E. K. Miller
Northwestern Army: A. P. Rodzianko · N. N. Yudenich · P. V. Glazenap · S. N. Bulak-Balakhovich · A. P. Lieven
Western Volunteer Army: P. R. Bermondt-Avalov

Abramov, Fedor Fedorovich Information About

“A few days before my trip to Feodosia, I looked at the regiments of the Don Corps in Yevpatoria. At the head of the corps was now General Abramov, a commander of high valor, incorruptible honesty, great firmness and exceptional tact. A Donetsk by birth, a general staff officer by education, who commanded up to Revolution as a regular division, for a long time serving as quartermaster general in one of the armies, commanding a guards Cossack brigade in the south of Russia, General Abramov enjoyed the well-deserved respect of the entire army. Having become the head of the corps, he restored order with a firm hand. Replaced a number of commanders, brought up officers and Cossacks. I had no doubt that he would be able to put the corps in order in the shortest possible time and return it to its former combat effectiveness."
General P.N. Wrangel

Abramov Fedor Fedorovich (1870-1963) - Lieutenant General of the General Staff. He graduated from the Petrovsko-Poltava Cadet Corps, the 3rd Military Alexander School, the Nikolaev Engineering School and the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (1898). Participant in the Russian-Japanese and First World Wars. From the school he went to the 6th Life Guards Don Cossack Battery. After graduating from the academy, he served on the General Staff in the Warsaw Military District. In 1902 - staff officer for special assignments at the headquarters of the 6th Army Corps. In 1903 - staff officer for assignments at the headquarters of the Warsaw Military District, and then senior adjutant of the headquarters of the same district. In 1904 - staff officer for assignments at the headquarters of the Manchurian Army, and then in the Office of the Quartermaster General under the Commander-in-Chief in the Far East. In 1905 - chief of staff of the 4th Don Cossack Division in the Manchurian Army. In 1906 - colonel. In 1912 - commander of the 1st Ulan St. Petersburg Regiment. In 1914 - major general and head of the Tver Cavalry School. On January 22, 1915, he was appointed quartermaster general of the headquarters of the 12th Army. From September 9, 1915 - commander of the 15th Cavalry Division, and from January 1, 1917 - for the duration of the war. D. Chief of Military Staff of the Don Army. In March 1917, he was appointed commander of the 3rd Don Cossack Division, and at the end of the year - commander of the 1st Don Cossack Corps.

He did not take command and arrived in Novocherkassk at the disposal of the Don Ataman General Kaledina, under which he commanded the Don partisan detachments until the beginning of February 1918. After the General Don Uprising in April 1918, on May 10, 1918, he was appointed head of the 1st Don Cavalry Division in the permanent (“Young”) Don Army of General Krasnov. On August 26, 1918, he was promoted to lieutenant general for distinguished service. In February 1919, he successfully repelled the Red Army's attack on Novocherkassk in the Northern Donets, commanding a group of troops that included the 1st Don Cavalry Division. From November 1919 to March 1920 - inspector of the cavalry of the Don Army. In April 1920, in Crimea, the Don units were consolidated into the Don Corps, at the head of which General Wrangel appointed General Abramov, an officer of “high valor, incorruptible honesty, great firmness and exceptional tact as a commander” 1). He took part at the head of the Don Corps in all the battles in Northern Tavria in the summer and autumn of 1920, in particular in the defeat of the Zhloba cavalry corps. On November 4, 1920, he was evacuated at the head of the Don Corps from Kerch and arrived at the Chataldzha camp (in the Constantinople area), where he remained until March 25, 1921, when he was transported along with the corps to the island of Lemnos. 8 September

1921 arrived with the corps in Bulgaria. On October 11, 1922, he was expelled by the Bulgarian authorities to the Kingdom of the SHS, where he was appointed assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, retaining his previous position as commander of the Don Corps. In 1924 he returned to Bulgaria and was appointed head of all units and departments of the Russian Army; When General Wrangel created the EMRO, he was appointed to the post of chairman of the 3rd department in Bulgaria. After the general's kidnapping Kutepova(in 1930) was appointed by General Miller as deputy chairman of the EMRO. After the kidnapping of General Miller (in 1937), he was appointed his successor and served as chairman of the EMRO until March 1938, when he was replaced in this post by General Arkhangelsky. One of the reasons for General Abramov’s refusal from the post of Chairman of the EMRO was pressure from the Bulgarian government. During World War II, General Abramov participated in the formation of Cossack units, in the activities of the KONR and, as its member, signed the Prague Manifesto. After World War II, he moved to the United States, where in February 1961 in New York, at a ceremonial meeting, he handed over to General I.A. Polyakov emblem of the ataman power. Tragically died in an automobile accident on March 9, 1963 in Lakewood.

General Abramov spoke in the Cossack press in exile, and also participated in the creation of the Museum of the Life Guards Cossack Regiment in Courbevoie near Paris, where in September 1931 he was honored by representatives of the Cossack troops.