The first mention of pigments were made in the ancient Egyptian records, dating from the 3rd millennium BC. Later about pigments wrote ancient Greek historians Herodotus, Strabo, Homer. The real existence of these African tribes was confirmed only in the 19th century by the German traveler Georg Schweinfurt, Russian explorer Vasily Junker and others.

Growth of adult male pygmeys from 144-150 cm in height. Women are about 120 cm. Short limbs, light brown leather, which serves excellent camouflage in the forest. Dark hair, curly, thin lips.

Occupation

Live pygmy in the forests. The forest for them is the Higher Divine - the source of all necessary for survival. Traditional occupation for most Pygmeys is hunting and gathering. They hunt for birds of elephants, antelope and monkeys. For hunting use short bows and poisoned arrows. In addition to different meat, Pygmy love honey wild bees. In order to get to your favorite delicacy, they have to climb 45-meter trees, after which they use ash and smoke to dispel the bees. Women collect nuts, berries, mushrooms and roots.


Live pygmen in small groups, number of at least 50 members. Each group has a special territory for the construction of huts. Marriages between members of different tribes here is a completely common phenomenon. Also, absolutely any member of the tribe when he wishes, can go free and join another tribe. There are no formal leaders in the tribe. The questions that have arisen and problems are solved by open negotiations.

Weapons

Weapons are a spear, a small bow, arrows (often poisoned). Iron for pygmy arrows tips are swapped in neighboring tribes. Various traps and traps are widely used.

Pigmeys are the most famous dwarf tribes living in the forests of tropical Africa. The main areas of foaming of pigmeys today: Zaire (165 thousand people), Rwanda (65 thousand people), Burundi (50 thousand people), Congo (30 thousand people), Cameroon (20 thousand people) and Gabon (5 thousand pers.).

Mbutis - The tribe of Pygmeys living in the forest ITURY in Zaire. Most scientists believe that they are most likely to be the first inhabitants of the region.

TV (Batva) - Pygmy's tribe in Equatorial Africa. Inhabit both the mountains and plains near Kivu Lake in Zaire, Burundi and Rwanda. They support close ties with neighboring cattle breeding tribes, know how to make clay dishes.

TOSVA (Batsva) "This is a big tribe who lives near the swamp of the South River Congo." They, like the Twee tribe, live in cooperation with neighboring tribes, adopting their culture and language. Most of the TSWS are engaged in hunting or fishing.





Pigmeys are first mentioned in the ancient Egyptian inscriptions of the 3rd thousand to n. e. At a later time - in ancient Greek sources. In the XVI-XVII centuries. These called "Matimba" are mentioned in the descriptions left by the researchers of West Africa. In the XIX century, their existence was confirmed by the German explorer in Swweinfurt, the Russian explorer V. V. Junker, and others found these tribes in the rainforest of the basin of the rivers of the ITURI and the node. In 1929-1930 The expeditions of P. Shebesta described the Bambouti Pygmeys, in 1934-1935, the researcher M. Guzinde found Pygmeys Efe and Basua.

Number and population

The total population of Pygmeni is about 300 thousand people. . Including in Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda over 100 thousand people. Zaire - 70 thousand Congo - 25 thousand Cameroon - 15 thousand. Gabone - 5 thousand. Speaks on a bow of languages, Pigmeys of the ITURY River - in Serze-Munda languages.

Pygmeni make up a pygmy dish, differ in low rising, yellowish tint of the skin, narrow lips, narrow and low and low. Before the resettlement, Pagmya Bowded occupied the entire Central Africa, then were ousted in the field of rainforest. Were in severe isolation. Preserved archaic culture. Engage in hunting, collecting and fishing. Weapons - onions with arrows, often poisoned, with an iron tip, sometimes a small spear. Western and traps are widely used. Affected applied art. Keep many features of the tribal structure, they have a group of 2-4 families.

Occupation

Pigmeys are powered only by what they will find, catch or kill in the jungle. They are magnificent hunters and their favorite meat - elephant, but more often they manage to get not very large animals or fish. Pygmyev has a special fish fishing technique. The method that they use is based on fish poisoning with vegetable poisons. The fish falls asleep and pops up to the surface, after which it can be simply assembled by hands. Pygmy live in harmony with nature and take exactly so many fish as it takes. Unwitting fish wakes up half an hour without any damage.

Who are Pygmy's Pygmy - the people living in the Equatorial forests and migrating from the parking to the parking lot depending on the time of year. Pygmeni make up a pygmy dish, differ in low rising, yellowish tint of the skin, narrow lips, narrow and low and low. The average life expectancy of pygmeys - from 16 to 24 years, depending on the specific people, so the evolution took care that they quickly reached the state of an adult, albeit a low person to have time to acquire children. It is believed that these are the most ancient inhabitants of the Congo River basin. According to the last estimates, the number of pygmeys in the world varies from 150 thousand to 300 thousand people. The absolute majority of them live in Central African countries: Burundi, Gabon, DRC, Zaire, Cameroon, Congo, Rwanda, Equatorial Guinea, Uganda and the CAR.

The first mention of pigments were made in the ancient Egyptian records, dating from the 3rd millennium BC. Later about the pygmen wrote ancient Greek historians Herodotus, Strabo, Homer. The real existence of these African tribes was confirmed only in the 19th century by the German traveler Georg Schweinfurt. Russian researcher Vasily Junker and others.

Growth of adult male pygmeys from 144-150 cm in height. Women about 120 cm. Have short limbs, light brown leather, which serves excellent camouflage in the forest. Dark hair, curly, thin lips.

Live pygmy in the forests. The forest for them is the highest deity source of all necessary for survival. Traditional occupation for most pygmen hunting and gathering. They hunt for birds of elephants, antelope and monkeys. For hunting use short bows and poisoned arrows. In addition to different meat, Pygmy love honey wild bees. In order to get to your favorite delicacy, they have to climb 45-meter trees, after which they use ash and smoke to dispel the bees. Women collect nuts, berries, mushrooms and roots.

Live pygmen in small groups, number of at least 50 members. Each group has a special territory for the construction of huts. Marriages between members of different tribes here is a completely common phenomenon. Also, absolutely any member of the tribe when he wishes, can go free and join another tribe. There are no formal leaders in the tribe. The questions that have arisen and problems are solved by open negotiations.

Weapons are a spear, a small bow, arrows. Iron for pygmy arrows tips are swapped in neighboring tribes. Various traps and traps are widely used.

Pigmeys are the most famous dwarf tribes living in the forests of tropical Africa. The main areas of foaming of Pygmeys today: Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo, Cameroon and Gabon.

Mbutis The tribe of Pygmeys living in the forest ITURY in Zaire. Most scientists believe that they are most likely to be the first inhabitants of the region.

TV Pygmy's tribe in Equatorial Africa. Inhabit both the mountains and plains near Kivu Lake in Zaire, Burundi and Rwanda. They support close ties with neighboring cattle breeding tribes, know how to make clay dishes.

TOSVA This big tribe lives near the swamp of the south of the Congo River. They, like the Twee tribe, live in cooperation with neighboring tribes, adopting their culture and language. Most of the TSWS are engaged in hunting or fishing.

A group of peoples belonging to the Negrille race, the indigenous population of tropical Africa. They speak Languages \u200b\u200bBantu, Adamaua-Eastern Group and Shari-Nilsk Group. Many pygmen retain a stray lifestyle, archaic culture, traditional beliefs.

- In Greek mythology, the tribe of the dwarfs, symbolizing the barbaric world. The name is associated with the small growth of pygmeys and symbolizes the distorted perception of the genuine ethnic. The Greeks were determined by the size of pygmen from the ant before the monkey. According to various sources, this tribe dwells on the southern periphery of Okumen - south of Egypt or in India. Herodotus attributed to the habitat of Pygmeni to the headwinds of the Nile. Strabo listed the Pygmeys together with the Bolshable, nestings, cheeks, manless, one-eyed and hooked bars.

There was a legend that pygmeys generates a fertile layer of land of the valleys of the Egyptian river, so they sometimes performed as a symbol of fertility of semi-sucks of the south. For the harvest of Kohli, they were armed with axes, as if they were going to chop forest. Pliny Elder argued that Pygmeni build their huts from dirt mixed with feathers and eggshell, and Aristotle set them to underground caves.

The characteristic motive of the mythology of Pygmeys - geranoache. Legends read that pygmy annually fought for three months with cranes, sitting on the rams, goats and partridges, trying to kidnap or break the eggs of birds. Moreover, military campaigns, which occupied three months from Pygmeys a year, they committed in South-Russian steppes, where there were caravalny nests. Their enmity was explained by the tradition of transforming the Pigmean girl who opposed the tribe. The symbolism of geranoache was found on vases, mosaics, pompian frescoes and gemmahs.

Another symbolic motive associated with pigments was Heraclomakhiya: myths narrate that Pygmeni tried to kill the sleeping hero, mushy him for victory over their brother Antehe. Hercules gathered pygmeys in the skin of the Nemoye Lion and took to Eurischeu. Related relations with Antehe were called upon to emphasize the semiotic image of Pygmeni, his astonic aspect. A popular reception in artistic creativity was also reduced to a single storyline of pygmen and giants.

Pigmemia was also called the Carthage deity, the head of which carved from the tree, was placed on the military courts to intimidate the enemies.

Pagimia in Africa

The word "Pigmey" usually denotes something small. In anthropology, this refers to a member of any human group, the growth of adult men whose men does not exceed one and a half meters in height. But the basic concept of this word, as a rule, refers to the African tribes of pygmeys.

The growth of most African pigments from 1 m 22 cm to 1 m 42cm in height. They have short limbs. The skin of a reddish-brown color and serves as camouflage in the forest. The head is usually round and wide, with curly hair.

Most pigmeys are traditional hunters and collectors. They hunt ancope, birds, elephants and monkeys. For this, small bows and poisoned arrows for hunting are used. Women usually collect berries, mushrooms, nuts and roots.

Pygmy live in small groups. Each tribe consists of at least fifty members. There is a territory for the construction of huts in each group. But in the threat of disappearance of food, each tribe may occupy another territory. Marriages are common between members of various tribes. In addition, any member of the group may freely leave one and join another tribe when he wishes. There are no formal leaders of the tribe. All problems are solved by open negotiations.

Sources: www.africa.org.ua, ppt4web.ru, www.worldme.ru, c-cafe.ru, www.e-almoney.ru

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The lowest people on earth, the average growth of which does not exceed 141 cm, live in the Congo River Basin in Central Africa. "Size with a fist" - it is translated from the Greek Pygmalios - the name of the Pagmy's tribe. There is an assumption that once they occupied the entire Central Africa, but then were ousted in the field of rainforest.

The daily life of these wild people is deprived of romance and conjugate with the daily struggle for survival, when the main task of men is becoming the extraction of food for the entire settlement. Pygmeys are considered the most bloodthirsty hunters. And indeed it is. They never hunt for the sake of hunting, never kill animals for the sake of desire to kill, they never reserve the meat of the future. Even the killed animal, they do not bring in the village, but separate, prepare and eat right in place, convening all the inhabitants of the village on the meal. Hunting and all that is connected with it - the main ritual in the life of the tribe, pronounced in folklore: songs about hunter heroes, dance, transmitting the scenes of animal behavior, myths and legends. Before the hunting men are facing themselves and weapons with mud with the manure of that animal on which they are going to hunt, they are going to a duct with a request to be a worn, and go on the road.

Casual food pygmeys - vegetable: nuts, edible herbs and roots, palm core. Seasonal fishery is fishing. For fishing of pygmy, they use special grass from which the fish falls asleep, but does not die. The leaves of the grass are dissolved in the river, the catch is collected below the flow. A special danger to pigmeys represent the jungle, full of various wild animals. But the most dangerous is Python. If the pythmy occurs at the python more than 4 meters - it is doomed. Snake instantly attacks, wrapping the body and stifles.

The origin of Pygmeyev is still not entirely clear. It is only known that the first Europeans have recently penetrated into their world and were found pretty militant. The exact number of representatives of the tribe is not known. According to different data, they are about 280 thousand. The average life expectancy is not more than 45 years old in men, women live a little longer. The first child give birth in 14-15 years, but in the family no more than two children. Pygmy walked in groups of 2-4 families. Live in low huts of sheltered grass that can be done in a few hours. For 9-16 years old, the boys make circumcision and subjected to other rather cruel tests, accompanied by moral instructions. Only men take part in such rites.

The tribe lost its native language, so the adverbing tribes are most often used. Clothes consists of just from the outstanding belt with the apron. But sedentary pigments are increasingly carrying European clothes. The main deity is the Forest Spirit of Torah, the owner of the forest game, to which the hunters are treated with a prayer before the hunt.

The culture and traditions of pygmeys gradually disappear. New life slowly penetrates their life, dissolving in itself the lifestyle of the youngest people on the planet.

See interesting videos.

Unknown planet. Pygmy and Caramojongi. C1.

Ritual dances of pygmy tanks.

Do you know how the word "Pigmey" translates? Music magnitude with fist. This is the smallest people on the planet.

Most under the word "Pygmy" understands the people of low growth living in Africa. Yes, it is partly so, but even African Pygmeni is not one people. Various nationalities live on the black continent: Pagimia Batva, Bakiga, Baka, Aka, Efa, Suo, and this is not the entire list. The growth of an adult man usually does not exceed 145 centimeters, and women - 133 cm.

How do the most young people of the planet live?

The life of pygmeys is not easy) they live in temporary villages in the forests. Why temporary, - you ask? The smallest people have a nomadic lifestyle, they are constantly looking for food and are looking for a place rich in fruit and honey. And they also have ancient customs. So, if a person died in the tribe, he was buried under the roof of the hut and throw a settlement forever.

Next to the temporary villages of Pygmy hunt for deer, antelope and monkeys. Also they are engaged in collecting fruit and honey. With all this, the meat is only 9% of their diet, and the bulk of the production is exchanged for garden vegetables, metal, fabrics, tobacco in people who hold farms near the forest.

Small people are considered excellent signs: prepare therapeutic and poisonous potions from plants. It is because of this that their other tribes dislike them, as they attribute them to magical power.


For example, Pygmeys have a curious way to catch fish: first they poison with reservoir, because of which the fish floods to the surface. And everything, fishing was successful, it remains only to gather a catch. No sucking with fishing rods on the shore or catching harpoon. After a few hours, the poison ceases to act and again, a life-free fish returns to the usual life.

Pygmy's life expectancy is very short: from 16 to 24 years old. People who have lived to 40 years old, real long-livers. Accordingly, the sexual maturity comes from them much earlier: in 12 years. Well, they will be seized by the offspring they are already at a fifteenth age.

Still in slavery

Africa is the most ambiguous continent. Slavery has long been prohibited worldwide, but not here. So, for example, in the Republic of Congo, on the current tradition of pygmy are inherited by the people of the Bantu. And these are the most real slave owners: Pygmeni give them their prey from the forest. But, unfortunately, the small people are forced to endure such an appeal, since the "hosts" give them the necessary products and goods necessary for survival, without which it is unreal in the forest. Moreover, Pygmeni go for tricks: they can be in "slavery" in several farmers simultaneously in different villages. If one owner did not give food, then maybe it will make another one.

Genocide Pygmeev


The smallest people for many centuries are under constant pressure of other tribes. And here we are not only about slavery, but even about ... cannibal! Moreover, in our modern world, in the XXI century. So, during the Civil War in Congo (1998-2003), pygmen simply caught and fir. Or, for example, in one of the provinces of Africa, North Kivu, at one time there was a grouping for the preparation of the territory for mining. And they killed in the process of stripping and firing pygmeys. And some nations of the Black Continent generally believe that the flesh of Pygmy will give magic force, and the connection with a woman from some low-spirited tribes will relieve diseases. Therefore, rape there is very often.

Of course, all this affects the lives of the little people: there are no more than 280 thousand people left, and this figure decreases every year.

Why such a little height


In fact, miniature of these peoples is explained by evolution. Moreover, in different peoples, the reasons are different, scientists came to this conclusion. So, genetic analyzes have shown that in some tribes (for example, Pygmeys Suo and Efa) already in the womb of the mother turns on the child's growth limiter and kids appear very small. And in other peoples (tank), children are born normally, as well as representatives of European races, but in the first two years they grow very slowly. All these changes at the genetic level are provoked by various factors.

So, low power contributes poor nutrition: the body of pygmeys decreased in the process of evolution. The fact is that they need food for survival much less than larger nations. It is also believed that the little growth "helped" and the tropics: after all, the body weight affects the amount of heat produced, so large peoples have a chance to overheat much more.

Well, one of the theories says that miniature makes life easier in the tropics, making pygmen more cooked, because in impassable forests is excellent quality. So the evolution helped adapt to small people to the lifestyle and climate.

Interesting facts about pigments that you did not know before

Fact number 1. Many believe that Pygmy live in the forests. However, this is not always like this: for example, the pygmen of the Twee tribe live in the deserts and on the swamps.

Fact number 2.. Moreover, some anthropologists include dwarf peoples in pigments, where the male growth does not exceed 155 centimeters. In their opinion, Pigmeys live in different parts of the planet: in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, in the Philippines, in Bolivia and Brazil. Here, for example, Philippine Pigmeas:


Fact number 3.. Most words of pygmeys are associated with honey and plants. In general, they lost their native language and now speak the languages \u200b\u200bof their peoples around them.

Fact number 4.. Some researchers believe that Pygmeni is representatives of the ancient people, which existed more than 70 thousand years ago.

FACT number 5.. Pigmeas knew more in ancient Egypt. So, rich venels as a gift brought black dwarfs.

Fact number 6.. In the end of the XIX, the beginning of the 20th centuries, Pygmeyev's children were sold in zoos and Europe as exhibits.

Fact number 7.. The smallest people in the world - Pygmy Ef and Zaire. The growth of women does not exceed 132 cm, and men - 143 cm.

Fact number 8.. In Africa, not only the lowest people live, but also the highest. In the Dink tribe, the middle growth of a man is 190 cm, and women -180 cm.

Fact number 9.. Pigmeys and today do not use the calendar, so they do not know the exact age.

Fact number 10.. The European-like child aged 2.5 years is about the same growth as the five-year-old Pigmele.

Pigmeys (Greek. Πυγμαῖῖι - "People with a fist") - a group of low-minded non-naked peoples living in the Equatorial forests of Africa.

Certificate and mention

Mentioned already in the ancient Egyptian inscriptions of the 3rd thousand to n. e., at a later time - in ancient Greek sources (in Iliad, Homer, Herodotus and Strabo).

In the XVI-XVII centuries. These called "Matimba" are mentioned in the descriptions left by the researchers of West Africa.

In the 19th century, their existence was confirmed by the German researcher George Augustus Schweinfurt, a Russian researcher V. V. Junker, and others, who found these tribes in the rainforest of the basin of the rivers of the rivers and the node (various tribes under the names: Akka, Tykitiki, UNFGO, Bambouti, Batva) .

In 1929-1930 The expeditions of P. Shebesta described the Bambouti Pygmeys, in 1934-1935, the researcher M. Guzinde found Pygmeys Efe and Basua.

At the end of the XX century, they live in the forests of Gabon, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Rwanda.

The most ancient mention of pigments is contained in the story of Egyptian Hirhufa, Venels-era of the ancient kingdom, who boasts, that he managed to bring a dwarf from his campaign for the fun of the young king. This inscription refers to the III millennium BC. e. In the Egyptian inscription, the dwarf brought by Hirhuf, named DB. The name is preserved to the present days in the languages \u200b\u200bof Ethiopia: Amharian dwarf is called Deng, or dates. The ancient Greek writers tell all sorts of stories about African pigments, but all their messages are fantastic.

Pygmeni lead a hunting lifestyle. In the economy of Pygmeyev, gathering occupies, the first place and determines mainly the nutrition of the entire group. The share of women falls most of the work, as vegetable food production is the case of women. Women with the whole of the living group daily accompanied by children collect wild root roots around their camp, the leaves of edible plants and fruits, catch worms, snails, frogs, snakes and fish.

Pygmeni is forced to leave the parking, as soon as all suitable plants are eaten in the vicinity of the camp and the game is destroyed. The whole group goes into another forest area, but it is inventory within the limits of established boundaries. These borders are known to everyone and strictly observed. The hunting for other people's lands is not allowed and can lead to hostile clashes. Almost all groups of pygmeys live in close contact with the tall population, most often - with a bow. Usually, pygmen brought in the village of game and forest products in exchange for bananas, vegetables and iron tips for copies. All Pygmeyev Groups speak languages \u200b\u200bof their tall neighbors.


Pygmy's house from leaves and sticks

The primitive nature of the culture of Pygmeys sharply distinguishes them among the people of the Negroid race. What are you pygmy? Is the population of Central Africa authon? Do they make a special anthropological type, or their origin is the result of the degradation of tall type? These are the main issues that have made the essence of the Pigmea problem, one of the most controversial in anthropology and ethnography. Soviet anthropologists believe that Pygmeni is an aborigree of the tropical Africa of a special anthropological type, independent origin.

Height from 144 to 150 cm for adult men, leather light brown, curly hair, dark, lips are relatively thin, large torso, hands and legs are short, this physical type can be classified as a special race. The possible number of pygmeys can be from 40 to 280 thousand people.

For an external type, Nehyritos of Asia are close to them, but severe differences are genetically between them.