Many people would like to learn Japanese, but do not know where to start. Therefore, I give my own instruction based on my experience. Initially, a brief instruction will be given, giving only points of points and a minimum of information, and then complete instructions.

How to learn Japanese - a brief instruction

  1. Learn to Haragan.
  2. Learn catakana.
  3. Turn on the Japanese layout.
  4. Look anime, Japanese films or doramas at least 20-40 hours (with Russian subtitles).
  5. Read the entire grammar tutorial on this link. This is a very simple and understandable tutorial, the best allowance for beginners who are not familiar with Japanese at all. This item is the most important thing.
  6. Set the addition of Rikaichan is a very good dictionary that allows on any site to bring the pointer to the desired word on any site, the addition itself will find the end of this word and will give it a translation by the dictionary and say, in what form is this word.
  7. Start using dictionaries.
  8. Examine Kanji. The 100 most popular kanzi allows you to read 39% kanji in the text, 200 - 54%, 400 - 72%, 600 - 82%, 800 - 89%, 1000 - 93%, 1200 - 96%, 1400 - 98%, 1600 - 99 %.
  9. Look another 50-100 hours of anime / movies / dorams with Russian subtitles (you can parallel with 5-8 points).
  10. This item is described in full instructions below.

Complete instruction for learning Japanese

Introduction - Japanese writing

If someone thinks that only hieroglyphs are used in Japanese - it is not right, hieroglyphs constitute only about 23% of characters in the text (although in the phonetic ratio of hieroglyphs make up more, since one hieroglyph is an average of more than one syllable) . In addition to the hieroglyphs in Japanese writing, two sludge alphabets are used at once - Haragan (46 characters) and catakana (46 characters), in the amount of 92 characters. The syllable alphabet is something like the Russian alphabet. All 3 types of writing are used simultaneously, for example, part of the word can be written by hieroglyphs, and a part of Cana. Examples of the characters of the Haragana: あ - a, い - and, う - o, え - e, お - o, か - ka, き - ki, etc.
Examples of signs of catakana: ア - a, イ - and, ウ - o, エ - e, オ - o, カ - ka, キ - ki, etc.
Examples of kanji (Japanese hieroglyphs borrowed from China): 食, 誰, 大, 好, 何, etc., 2136 hieroglyphs are used.

When can be used, and when hieroglyphs

Hiragana:
  1. All particles.
  2. All varying parts of the words (and sometimes unchanged).
  3. Some words.
Katakana:
  1. All foreign words.
Kanji (hieroglyphs):
  1. All the foundations of words.

1. Learn Haragan

The most good chapel sign is in the Akanji application. Also about Haragana can be read on Wikipedia. Haragan consists of only 46 characters and learns about 6 hours. Haragan is a syllable alphabet, something like the Russian alphabet. Please note that when writing kane signs, the order of damns is very important. You need to find a website where the order is indicated. Also, you should be able to write a hiragas from hand on paper (if it is crooked - it is neastno). Personally, I taught this: at the beginning I wrote to the notebook and pronounced the first sign あ (a). When I remembered him, I added another sign to him, and I rewrote 2 signs at once (in memory) to the notebook. Then there are 3 characters at once, and so to the very end. I also advise at the very end to verify the learned sign with other sites, it is important. Also, in some cases, such a reception can help: clamp the Ctrl key and twist the mouse of the mouse - the site size will become more, it will allow you to better see signs. To reset the scale, press Ctrl + 0 (zero try and one that above letters, and the one that on the numeric keypad, Num Lock must be turned on). When you learn Haragan, do not forget to pay attention to the following things:
  1. If adding to syllables ending with "and", small ゃ (s), ゅ (YU), ょ (E), you can create a syllable ending with I / YU / Yo. For example, きゃ is the "kya", but here is き - this is a cue, since in the second case, the big one. Your sign should have columns with syllables ending with I / YU / YU.
  2. If you add two sticks, you can sound the consonant, for example, か is ka, が is hectare. In your plate there must be lines starting with "g", "s", "d", "b", "p".
  3. う (y) after "O" denotes a long vowel. For example, the word ありがとう (Arigatou) is read as "Arigato:", where the colon shows the longitude of vowels. When recording the Latin, it is allowed instead of Arigatou to write Arigatō (a stick from above is Macron), but better to write Arigatou. When recording with Russian letters, the longitude does not show and write simply "Arigato".
  4. aA, II, UU, EE - also long vowels, for example, かわいい (Kawaii) is read as "Ka-Va-and:".
  5. See how to pronounce sounds in this video.
    1. In syllables し (SHI), しゃ (SHA), し ゅ (SHU), しょ (sho) used "Soft W". In Russian, there is no such sound. That is, to speak correctly not "sha", but "sia".
    2. In syllables じ (ji), じゃ (ja), じゅ (JU) じょ (JO) The sound "soft w" is used. In Russian, there is no such sound. That is, to speak correctly not "MS", but "Just". Examples: じゃない - Jianai, 大丈夫 - Daizho: Bu
    3. In syllables ち (chi), ちゃ (CHA), ちゅ (CHU), ちょ (CHO) The sound "h" is softer than in Russian. That is, to speak correctly not "cha", but "whose". For now, you can not try, but in the future, to make the sound "h" softer, pay attention to how this happens with other sounds in Russian (for example, Taha, nya, ka-kya).
    4. The sound わ (WA) is not a lip-tooth, but lip-lip. To pronounce it, try to pronounce it as close as possible to the usual Russian "VA", but passing the air through the gap between the two lips, and not between the lip and teeth.
    5. ざ, ず, ぜ, ぞ - at the beginning of words, it looks more like "DZ", in the middle of "s".
    6. じ, じゃ, じゅ, じょ - At the beginning of words, it looks more like "J", in the middle of "f".
    7. Other sounds different from the Russian language - "y" and "e", but for them I have no description. I think while you can not bother with it, in the future understanding will come by itself.
  6. Little っ (TSU) is a juice, denoting a doubling ahead of standing consonant, for example, ずっと - zutto. When pronunciation, if you split down in syllables, then っ will refer to the syllable in front: DZU-TTO. In Japanese, there is even a word starting from the juice - っ て (TTE).
  7. ん Before "P", "B" and "M" is pronounced as "M".
  8. You can also find the general rules for the features of the "General Guide" section, but the rules have a lot of exceptions.

2. Learn Catakan

The highest catakana sign is also located in the Akanji application and is available by software. Catakana consists of only 46 characters and learns about 6 hours. Catakana is a syllable alphabet, something like the Russian alphabet. Everything is absolutely as in Haragan. When you learn Cataakan, do not forget to pay attention to the following things:
  1. There is informal table Katakana compiled by me personally. You should not learn catakana on it, this table can only help understand how some combinations in the catakane are drawn up.
  2. In the catakane, the long vowel is shown by the line ー, for example, デート. Doubling the consonants, too, with a small TSU, but from the catakana: ッ.

3. Turn on the Japanese layout

You can do it in the control panel. After switching on, you can simply write English letters - they themselves will be converted to Haragan. After clicking on the gap, the chiragan will be converted to Kanji. Helpful information:
  1. In Windows, an English layout is built into the Japanese layout, so the English layout can be disabled. To switch between Latin and Cana, press Alt + ~ (Alt + E).
  2. Ctrl + Caps Lock - Haragan.
  3. Alt + Caps Lock - Catakana.
  4. F7 - Transform the entered word into Catacan.
  5. "X" or "L" before the desired sign will make this sign small.
  6. In tinctures, you can also do to be printed immediately Haragan without Latin, but for this you need to have a Japanese keyboard, on which the signs of the Haragana are drawn, and since you do not have it, then this method will not suit you.
  7. On the phones, the method described above is still suitable for you, since the touch keyboard on the phones.
  8. Other combinations can be.
There is also a much more convenient way to switch layouts, it.

4. Look at anime, Japanese films or shortages at least 20-40 h (with Russian subtitles)

This will allow you to understand the sounds used in the you learned Canoe. It will also allow, with further study of grammar, much faster to study it, and so understand the intonation with which it will be necessary to read examples. If you have already looked so much anime before, you can skip this item.

5. Read the entire grammar tutorial on this link

Read the entire grammar tutorial on this link. This is a very simple and understandable tutorial, the best allowance for beginners who are not familiar with Japanese at all. This item is the most important thing.

6. Install Rikaichan supplement

Set the addition for Mozilla Firefox Rikaichan (you need old Firefox 56, you can download it on this link). Rikaichan is a very good dictionary: on any site you can bring a pointer to the desired word, the addition itself will find the end of this word and will give it a translation by the dictionary. Also supplement will say, in what form it is worth this word. Additionally, Rikaichan requires to install the Japanese-Russian Dictionary. Also on the official add-on site there is another Japanese-Russian dictionary from Warodai.ru. You can install two vocabulary at once and switch between them by pressing SHIFT. Rikaichan can be used without indexing: the desired word can be simply inserted into a special field, in this case Rikaichan will work as a normal smart dictionary that understands the forms of words.

7. Start using dictionaries

Quite often arises a very big need to translate some word into Russian. The addition of Rikaichan solves this task, but its base is not so great, or you may want to see more details. These dictionaries can help you:
  1. Yarxi - installed almost all platforms, a very powerful dictionary, but with a complicated interface. There is also an online version.
  2. Who does not have the ability to install Rikaichan, in which there are two Japanese-Russian dictionary at once, can use the online version of one of them + there you can download it entirely.
  3. The list is not over.

8. Studying Kanzi.

After reading the entire textbook if you wish, you can start learning Kanji.
  • If there is no desire to teach not, I advise you to learn 1 part Kyuki Kanji (80 pcs) + 170 most popular kanji (total 250 kandzi). This will allow you to read 58% of all Kanzi in the text! (Do not read 42%).
  • If there is a desire, but not very large, then 1 part and 420 most popular (500 total) - this will allow you to read 77% of the kanji in the text (not to read 23%).
  • If there is a great desire, then 1 part and 920 most popular (1000 total) - this will allow you to read 93% kanji in the text (not to read 7%), and 2000 kandzi will allow you to read everything.
Cancellation tapes can be. It is best to teach Kanji with. In the same application, on the Statistics tab, you can find more detailed statistics on Kanji.

9. See another 50-100 hours Anime / Movies / Drains with Russian subtitles

This item can be performed in parallel with 5-8 points. For example, you perform 5 item and studied a new grammatical design. You know her, but you have no intuition on it, she seems to you someone else's and unfamiliar. In fact, nothing terrible, as soon as having learned some kind of design, you will start watching anime, you will immediately begin to recognize this design in speech and very soon you can not even understand how it was not noticed before. View Anime will help you understand with what intonation and how to pronounce phrases, and will also allow you to understand someone else's speech. It is impossible to learn the language, never having heard it. If you have already looked so much anime before that, it's enough 10-20 hours.

10. Last paragraph

At the moment, the instruction has not yet been added, i.e. the tenth point is not yet, but I still can give a few tips:
  1. To replenish the vocabulary of the vocabulary.
  2. You can search for other grammar textbooks. I think that after you perform previous items, this issue will no longer seem so difficult for you. Personally, I have not reached this point, so I can not advise some particular textbook. The instruction will be updated. Do not learn the "Minna No Hihongo" - this textbook is intended for training with the teacher, not independently.
  3. You can read manga on pure Japanese. There is a manga, which over the hieroglyphs is given to reading the Haragan, that is, for reading such manga does not need to know all Kanji. When reading manga, no one hurts you, if any words you do not know, you can see them in the dictionary.
  4. You can watch anime without subtitles. In previous paragraphs, I advised to look with subtitles, since you only met the Japanese language and without them it is impossible to understand anything, but with the time subtitles, on the contrary, begin to interfere - instead of listening to Japanese, you will take the meaning from Text on the screen without learning the language.
  5. Start communicate with the Japanese. Ask them to correct your mistakes.
  6. Start reading Ranobe.

Fidbeck

If in the process of execution of the instruction will be something incomprehensible, or if you want to add something to the instruction, you can write me

Japanese is one of the most ancient languages \u200b\u200bof the world. It is definitely worth learn for business or reading. Is it possible to independently learn Japanese from scratch?

To explore the Japanese language, you will need patience and perfection

It turns out to understand without a translator, what the heroes of the anime and films Hayao Miyazaki and Takeshi Kitano say, you need not much time - just a year and a half. But, of course, you will need certain diligence and perfection.

How to learn Japanese? To begin with, it is necessary to clearly decide for the purpose, since such as "I want to learn the language", too non-specific and is not suitable for business. The goal should be a clear - it will determine how and what you will study. For example, if you want to read books on Japanese, then this is one if watching TV shows and anime without subtitles is another, and if you communicate with native speakers, then the third. And for each of the listed tasks, the language learning will differ. But at the same time, it is best if you will study all options when studying. After all, the main advice on how to learn the Japanese independently, in many language learning guides are not different from those that are given by other languages \u200b\u200b- and it does not matter, are used in the language of the hieroglyphs or not. But if you gathered in order to just read the books - it's still better to learn how to write hieroglyphs - you will have more chances for memorization. In learning any language memorization - the most important thing. Therefore, you need to use as many channels as possible to perceive information: read books, watch movies with subtitles, listen to the songs in the original language and, of course, communicate with native speakers.

It is worth remembering that training should be interesting and cheerful - many throw a language without having to reach it to the desired level, just because his study has become a monotonous routine. And how not to turn into routine what you have to memorize once and the same? The answer is one - a variety of approaches to learning.

However, the one who still set out to learn the Japanese on his own from scratch, and made the first success on this field, will never forget this amazing feeling, literally the feelings of the miracle - when for a previously meaningless set of incomprehensible pictures of the hieroglyphs suddenly, some kind of understandable meaning. No wonder if you want this miracle to make your companion permanent. But the first thing you have to do is familiarize yourself with the alphabet, more precisely, with Japanese writing. In Japanese, there are three types of writing: Kanji, that is, the hieroglyphs of Chinese origin, and two sludge alphabets created in Japan: Haragan and Katakana. Are you not afraid? Then forward!

You have long thought about learning the Japanese, but do not know where to start, and whether it is worth it for him at all? Doubt doubts, make sure and less reason about what could be, act!

This article is intended for persons over 18 years

Have you already turned 18?

How to learn Japanese from scratch yourself?

It is believed that the Japanese Language is part of Skatesky is quite difficult in learning that he needs to be trained since childhood, otherwise even basic knowledge will be difficult. However, this is completely wrong, the Japanese is pretty simple if you dig a little deeper and try at least a little to deal with him.

In fact, we are holding back the stereotype that the study of Japanese is a difficult task, however, if you wish, and even without proper skills, it is already possible to begin to understand the elementary vocabulary and even to communicate a little, and after a year and a half later, it was possible to talk at all.

Of course, Syaponsky has its own difficulties, in the first stages of learning the language, everything comes down to a banal van. But in any endeavors difficult! The flooding of how you learn the basic alphabets and the alphabet will be much easier for you, and the language will no longer seem so difficult.

Therefore, if you are wondering how to learn Japanese from scratch and for what time, and also independently, the answer will always be such - you need a desire and motivation, that is, the reason why you want to do it, and everything else you do not know.

Why do people learn Japanese?

Configure to move to a specific practical guide, it is worth clarifying what is the reason why people are so manitis Japanese and the country of the rising sun as a whole. Why do people study Japanese? There are several standard answers to this question:

  • admiration for culture;
  • tourist interest;
  • business opportunity;
  • work and life in Japan;
  • receiving citizenship.

In most cases, the admiration of the culture of the eastern country in the world is intertwined with the other the above reasons, that is, with work, tourism, etc. Businessmen and business people also see a reliable partner in Japan, with which not only nice, but also profitably cooperate.



I think today everyone who wonders how to learn Japanese and difficult to study it, came to it after watching anime. If not everyone, then every second Japanese interested in Japanese loves this genre of animation films, and inspired by the culture of Japan through them. This is not a banal minor fact, but the most basic. This culture has been very strong all over the world, which resulted in the appearance of different subcultures.
For many, acquaintance with Japan could begin with this, although there are in this country and the mass of historical factors that glorified it as the country of honor, justice and courtesy. It is also one of the main reasons why people so fascinates the culture of this country and on which the desire to learn the life and language of Japan appears.

What gives the study of the Japanese language?

One way or another, no matter what was the reason that would like you to study Japanese, his knowledge opens up huge opportunities! It is known that today Japan is one of the leading countries in the field of robotics, cybernetics, manufacturing computer technologies and mechanical engineering. And this is only the top of the iceberg! Other industries are developing here, which attract the attention of businessmen of the whole world. Therefore, it is not easy to build affiliate relations with such a state, but also very beneficial.

How to start learning Japanese?

As we said earlier, if you firmly tell yourself that "I want to be Japanese, where should I start?", Then start with motivation, namely, from the definition and installation of goals. It is important not only to make yourself a task to learn Japanese, but also to do something specific for this. The easiest option can be even a trip back as a tourist.

As soon as you decided on it, it is also worth getting rid of the stereotype that Japanese is a difficult language. To the question, whether it is possible to learn it, it is worth answering herself that it is difficult, but hard and patiently going to his goal, it is possible to achieve it. And in particular, this, by the way, works with Japanese. Smoothness and patientity - the main qualities inherent in the Japanese, so perceive them as part of the training and comprehension of the culture of the rising sun.

Immediately it is worth noting that for a deeper study it is engaged in independently, and with a tutor or to sign up for courses. Perhaps you will even want to go to the university, at the Faculty of Japanese philology, where you will be taught to all language subtleties. But it is quite possible to teach it and independent homework, using textbooks, books, games, benefits and all available applications and programs that will somehow enrich you with knowledge.

Japanese learning basics

Japanese must be learned gradually and measured, constantly accumulating vocabulary, learning new hieroglyphs and honing their speech and calligraphy.

Training to any language begins with memorizing template phrases and words that are most often found in everyday speech, but in fact, if you need quickly by express program to learn simple suggestions to communicate with the Japanese, it is possible to do so and in parallel to deal with deeper learning . This way will give you the opportunity not to wait long and go to Japan, where you will not experience difficulties at least in the most primitive communication with people.

But the classical Japanese learning technique in any case begins with the development of the alphabet and hieroglyphs.

In total, in Japanese, two main alphabet distinguish:

  • hiragana;
  • katakana.

There is also another basic writing system, which is used besides these two - Kanji hieroglyphs. The most interesting thing is that all these systems in "Niongo", which is translated as "Japanese" can be used in the letter at the same time. Such a mixed style is called "Cana". Here then the problem is that without the knowledge of the hieroglyphs and the alphabet it will be difficult for you to understand what we are talking about. Therefore, in Japanese, it is impossible to chele and sharp the hieroglyphs, as well as the symbols of the Haragan and the catakana you need to conscience!

Do not immediately scare and worry, is it hard, is it really possible and is it possible to learn everything at all? In both alphabet, only about 48 characters, it is certainly not 33, as in our case, but to learn 96 characters quite lifting task. Whether the case is hieroglyphs, everything is more complicated with them.

Study of Japanese hieroglyphs

With the alphabets of the Haragan and Catakan, everything is more or less clear, but the hieroglyphs are not easy. For the beginning, it is worth choosing the most running options that are used in Japanese vocabulary and writing, and then just begin to memorize them. In fact, you will need to learn about 2000 hieroglyphs so that without much difficulty to master the speech, ideally if your stock is about 5,000 thousand, then you consider a full Japanese!

Learning the hieroglyphs and the alphabet themselves are necessary by prescribing in the dictionary. Get a big notebook where you will record new characters. Prescribing, you will quickly and remember the hieroglyphs. This is a good practice that is used not only to study at home, but also in schools with in-depth study.

For those who wonder how much time can you learn a sufficient number of hieroglyphs, the answer is: for each differently. It all depends on your individual features. If you think that in 5 minutes a day you can learn enough, then, most likely, your training will notice not very fast, but perhaps better, if you have good memory and are able to memorize for such a short time from 10 to 20 hieroglyphs. Whether it is when you spend more time and in 1 hour every day you can learn more. In this case, your learning will proceed much faster.

In the study of Japanese, it all depends on how those responsible are approaching the issue of learning, as far as you are willing to learn "seriously and for a long time." If you regularly and every day learn new hieroglyphs, words, then you will quickly achieve the result and already a year later or a half can easily understand not only speech, but also a letter, as well as to practice themselves and something else. But if you are not messed up and constantly Halturite, then even as a student of the university, you can hardly disassemble without a dictionary.

If you are interested in learning the Japanese language, then the main thing is to determine for yourself, why do you need a language. Depending on the goal, the answer to this question may be very different.

1. If you like Japan and all Japanese, and through the language you want to touch the culture of this country, then I advise you to try to master the two main sludge alphabets of the Japanese Language and Katakana. In each of the ABC of 48 letters (syllables). Having mastered them, you can easily read texts written by these alphabets. Pronunciation and reference rules in Japanese - elementary and Russian people do not represent much difficulty. Also, training writing letters (syllables), you can try yourself in calligraphy. Why do you need 2 alphabets, in which all letters are identical on the sound, but differ in writing, this is a separate question. However, many lowered their hands in the process of studying the ABC - to master 96 unfamiliar characters is not so simple.

2. You like Japanese anime, movies, music, and you would like to understand a little about what they are talking about, and try to watch the video in the original. If the goal is only in this, I would not even advise even to alphabet, grammar and even more so in the hieroglyphs. In such a genre as anime and pop music, there are a lot of conversational words and structures that are not always found in the dictionary. Japanese youth often combines words with English, and such an expression, sometimes, do not even understand the Japanese of the older generation. Therefore, for a partial understanding of all forms of modern culture, it will be enough to find any resource according to modern Japanese language and just remember the words and expressions. Believe me, if you remember 30-50 words, then you will definitely catch the words you know the words in any song or anime.

3. You want to communicate with the Japanese, then you should learn not only 2 alphabets, but more than 500 hieroglyphs are preferably and a huge number of words and expressions. Of course, it is better to apply to the help of tutorials or living teachers. Many, when searching for a teacher, believe that if they find a Japanese tutor, they will report in a month. This is one of the biggest misconceptions and errors of beginners. If the tutor has a profile education - this is great. But if he is just a carrier, it is unlikely to give a lot of useful information. Imagine that you tell the Chinese about the difference of the perfect and imperfect type of verbs in Russian. Are you sure you can convey correctly information about your language foreigner? Also here: The carrier is a good practice for the studied, but not a study tool at the initial stage.

4. You want to work with Japanese. If you put yourself such a goal, then you need to be patient and learn Japanese a lot and daily. Unfortunately, I have not met a lot of people who would have learned the language on their own and used it in the work. Still, the language should be learned to be systematized, preferably at the university of five years and every day. Japanese grammar may seem elementary compared to other languages. Only two times: the present (it is the same) and the past, parts of the speech are not inclined by the genus, number or case. But Japanese is a high context language, where one word can have a huge number of values \u200b\u200bdepending on the situation when it is used. And to learn to understand and use the right word in the right place, you need to read a lot, listen, talk, write. Only then the Japanese will be able to conquer you and repudiates.

Every day, novice Japan wonder - where to start learning the Japanese language? They are for the rescue, of course, teachers of different caliber immediately come: Real and virtual. They talk about books and techniques that show high efficiency. Alas, all this is a terrible not true. People are different. Allocate information in different ways, and in this regard, there is no universal answer to the question.

Someone helps a book on the grammar of the Japanese from the MINNA NO Nihongo series, someone for the first step is needed by a teacher, the third and at all begin to get used to the language by viewing movies with subtitles.

The best thing in this case is to listen to yourself. It is useful to remember how you studied the subject in which you are already good. When I started learning the language, it all started with the recognition of myself that: a) I do not have internal discipline; b) best I know how to chat.

I found a private teacher from the university. Twice a week we met for an hour and a half, and I was asked a small homework. After a couple of months I began to look for the Japanese on the Internet and chat with them with the words that I remembered for two months of study. Japanese words stirred abundantly with English. One way or another - learning was possible. Another option - if a person has iron discipline and amazing preferably. Then you can independently learn Japanese for 2 years, having studied a couple of books on grammar of Ms. Frolova and starting replenishing the vocabulary by reading fiction in Japanese. So start with the recognition of yourself in your weaknesses. And then find how to compensate them.