For all future parents, undoubtedly, the most important desire is that the baby was born healthy, no matter what gender. Although everyone in his heart still dreams of getting an heir and successor of the family family, or after a few boys, finally, wait for a girl. All studies show that the gender of the unborn baby is influenced by the number of female and male chromosomes contained in the father's sperm. The fertilized egg cell of the mother carries the female X chromosome, if it connects to the X chromosome from the father's sperm, then the XX chromosome will turn out and you will have a girl; the connected female X chromosome with the male Y chromosome forms the XY chromosome, which will give you a boy.

Female and male chromosomes have qualitative differences, it has been scientifically proven that a sperm with X chromosomes is very slow and more tenacious, and that carrying a Y chromosome is strong and fast. By applying this knowledge, you can try to plan the sex of your unborn baby. Scientists recommend, if you want to conceive a boy, do it during ovulation or the next day. Those who want to give birth to a girl are advised to try to conceive her a couple of days before ovulation.

Factors affecting the future gender of the baby

  1. Statistical measurements show that the age of the parents influences the sex of the first-born. It is more likely that the first child will match the gender of the older one.
  2. Boys are more likely to be born after fall conception and girls in spring.
  3. Strong women with pronounced leadership traits have a lot of the male hormone testosterone in their bodies, so they most often give birth to boys.

But all this is just statistics. So is it possible affect the gender of the baby? At the moment, there are many both folk and scientific methods that can help calculate the sex of a child, of course, none of them gives full guarantees, but those for whom this is important can still try.

  1. The most reliable, but also very expensive method of getting a baby desired gender, is a medical method of IVF fertilization, it consists in the fact that male spermatozoa are artificially sorted into female and male, and selected for fertilization of an egg corresponding to the desired sex. This method rarely bears fruit on the first try, sometimes it takes two or three or four, but even it does not give a 100% guarantee. And given the extremely high price, this procedure is very rarely used.
  2. The second most reliable and logical explanation is the method of timing of conception, taking into account ovulation. Having made conception a couple of days before the release of a mature egg, you neutralize the sperm carrying the Y chromosome, and give more chances to the slow and tenacious tadpoles carrying the X chromosome. During conception, during ovulation, when the cell has already left, there are more chances to get to it first, undoubtedly fast and strong Y-bearing spermatozoa have a chromosome.
  3. They say that on baby gender can be influenced by adhering to a specific diet. For example, if you want to get a boy, you need to include in your menu the daily consumption of fruits, bread, smoked meats, meat and mushrooms, all products containing K and Na ions. For those who want to give birth to a girl, it is preferable to eat foods containing Mg and K ions, dairy products, eggs, nuts and sweets. Using this method, according to statistics, is eighty percent of the success rate. Agree, not a bad result.
  4. Frequency, as proven by scientists, can affect the future baby gender... For those who make love frequently, Y-carriers, fast sperm cells have all the advantages, which increases the likelihood of having a boy. In those who make love rarely, the number of X-chromosomal spermatozoa is much higher, respectively, the likelihood of conceiving a girl increases. According to statistics, the effectiveness of this method reaches seventy percent.
  5. A common method for planning the sex of a future baby is made by calculating the quality of the parents' blood, because whose blood is fresh, those chromosomes will win. It is a scientifically proven fact that in women, blood renewal occurs every three years, and in men - once every four years. By this method, you can determine whose blood was renewed earlier, before the time of conception. If the blood of the future dad was renewed before my mother did it, then a girl will be born, if mothers before, then a boy.
  6. The temperature regime is used if you wish to give birth to a boy, and its observance concerns only the future father. For a dad who wants to get an heir, it is advisable to protect himself from the heat, not to take hot baths and prefer cold showers and ice rubdowns to them, to change tight swimming trunks for spacious "boxers".

There are many other, as the authors argue, reliable and effective methods of conceiving a child, the desired gender for parents, which cannot be proven from the point of view of science and medicine. They are based only on omens and prejudices. It is also a funny custom to put certain objects under a mattress or pillow, to choose a certain hour or to be guided by the state of the moon. All we can wish for you is to love your child, no matter what gender he was born.

Samuil Marshak is a poet, a classic of children's literature. He wrote philosophical poetry, lyric epigrams, anti-fascist satire. He translated Burns, Shakespeare, Blake, fairy tales of different nations. Peru Marshak owns the famous children's fairy tales "Twelve months", "Afraid of grief - happiness is not to be seen", "Clever things" and numerous didactic works - "Fire", "Mail", "War with the Dnieper". Korney Chukovsky called Marshak's poems a triumph of children's poetry. He headed the magazine "New Robinson", where future celebrities gathered, led the Leningrad edition of Detgiz, where a huge canvas of "great literature for little ones" was created, as Marshak defined his life's work. And the guys of the XXI century know about the postman with a thick bag on his belt and about the lady who has lost the dog. Marshak's poems constantly live in a person, be he at least four, at least eighty-four years old. They are from childhood - and that says it all. In 1961 he published a collection of articles "Education by Word" - the result of the great creative experience of the writer. And in 1963, Marshak's last book, Selected Lyrics, was published.

Yuri Kanner, President of the Russian Jewish Congress (RJC), told how, by a lucky chance, he became involved in the events of Marshak's anniversary, having met Alexei Gordeev, the governor of the Voronezh region, on Tsvetnoy Boulevard, who contributed to the opening of the monument to Marshak in Voronezh. Kanner was surprised that this monument is the first monument to Marshak in Russia. This is how the idea was born to erect a monument to the famous author in Moscow.

"All the time I thought that Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak was a Soviet poet. I was surprised to learn that he translated from Hebrew and translated from Yiddish, knew these languages ​​and met his future wife in Israel, then it was called Palestine. After I got into the project, I realized that I got into the project correctly!"- said Yuri Kanner.

The city administration provided support, and now the execution of documents authorizing the erection of a monument in Lyalin lane, near the apartment where Samuil Yakovlevich lived, is nearing completion.

Grandson of the writer Alexander Marshak noted the correct choice of the site for the monument. It was in Lyalin lane that the writer, together with the kukryniksy, climbed onto the roof and took off incendiary bombs during the war, and also worked on the fairy tale "Twelve Months", which he wrote during the Great Patriotic War. The place for the monument is the best, historical one. Alexander Immanuelovich stressed that both he and Yuri Kanner want the monument to be truly a work of art. He recalled the words of Samuil Marshak from the dialogue with Naum Korzhavin: " Any art is good to the extent that there is poetry in it. By the way, this also applies to poetry.". It is necessary that poetry was present in the monument." We will not be here, but Moscow will be decorated", - Marshak's grandson uttered such a vivid phrase, after expressing the hope that if the monument is" humane ", it will become especially valuable and important for people.

The grand opening is scheduled for November 4th. And on June 1, Children's Day, the Samuil Marshak train will be solemnly launched on the Moscow-Voronezh route.

Photos from open sources

Also Alexander Marshak recalled the literary merits of his grandfather: Samuil Marshak is not only a writer and translator, but also the organizer of the first children's publishing house and theater in Russia, as well as several magazines for children. It was Marshak who attracted many prominent contemporary writers to children's literature, and everything that was published from children's literature during Marshak's youth was his editing.

Alexander Marshak spoke about the family's contribution to the popularization of the writer's work. Son Immanuel, an outstanding physicist and talented translator (he was the first to translate Jane Austen into Russian), after the death of his father dismantled Marshak's archives almost alone, presenting his legacy to publishers in a processed form. After the death of Immanuel, Alexander Marshak is still very enthusiastic about the legacy of Samuil Marshak.

Four volumes of approximately selected translations of Marshak have recently been released. It is planned to publish a four-volume collection of children's works.

General Director of Eksmo Publishing House Oleg Novikov stressed that Marshak is invariably in the top ten most popular authors, and the sales of his works are growing every year. It is planned to reissue 10 books with classic illustrations, on which several generations have grown up.

Together with the Moscow Metro, the publishing house is preparing to launch the Marshak train on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line in September: illustrations, audio recordings and special tickets will delight people. An equally interesting project is being prepared by the Russian Post - they will print collectible postcards and hold an exhibition dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the poem "Mail".

A special program is being prepared, of course, for the Red Square Book Festival: leading Russian actors will take part in it, and bookstores and libraries have planned many events in which the entire book industry is involved.


Photos from open sources

Olga Muravyova, director of the children's literature department of the AST publishing house, emphasized that a cultural environment in which it will be interesting and comfortable for all generations to interact is one of the main goals of the anniversary year.

The "Page 17" championship in reading aloud among high school students with the hashtag #moymarshak on social networks has already been launched. 12 thousand teenagers from 20 regions of Russia take part in the readings, and the prize fund of the championship is 300 thousand rubles. People's readings are held with the support of the All-Russian competition of reciters "Living Classics". The Moscow Theater of Russian Drama has launched the "International Festival of School Theaters". Not a single organization, which was approached with ideas dedicated to the anniversary year, refused the publishing house.

The director of the Russian State Children's Library continued to talk about projects Maria Vedenyapina... She noted the literary competition "Letter in Verse" organized together with the Malysh publishing house, which is aimed not only at popularizing children's reading, but also at developing thinking. Children of two age groups, from 8 to 12 and from 13 to 16 years old, will be able to write poems themselves, addressed to Samuel Marshak or one of his literary characters. The competition started on April 2, the International Children's Book Day, and so far 46 entries have been submitted. Applications will end in mid-September and will be judged by a professional jury, which will include contemporary children's authors: Sergei Makhotin, Andrey Usachev, Mikhail Yasnov, Anastasia Orlova and Alla Vladimirovna, director of the Voronezh Regional Children's Library.

Samuil Marshak told about the Moscow-Voronezh train Evgeniy The railway workers were not indifferent to the participation in Marshak's anniversary events. Recently, a new two-story rolling stock was put into operation on the Moscow-Voronezh route. It is he who will become the base for the theme train. Since last year, it has included a carriage with a specially designed children's play area, and now the branding and improvement of the train for the festive year is almost complete.

The famous poet and professional translator, playwright, teacher, editor - this is the vast creative experience of Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak. Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak is a wonderful children's poet. He has a huge number of children's works on his account, thanks to which he received the greatest fame. All his poems teach children with great love to enjoy the beauty of the poetic word. Everyone remembers him well from childhood,
“The man scattered from Basseinaya street“, The lady who checked in the luggage: a sofa, a suitcase, a bag ”... and many of his other heroes.

Samuil Yakovlevich said that he began to write very early, at the age of 4. Marshak's children's poems were easy, he rhymed the lines perfectly, but did not think at all about the meaning of the words, he said that he wrote poems in childhood very quickly, did not think much about them. Marshak did not remember why he began to write, what exactly prompted him to do this.

One of the brightest childhood memories was the matinee when Samuil Marshak recited a poem for the first time. He walked between the rows of spectators with a measured step, clearly and loudly reciting poetry, but he was stopped and explained that he needed to stand still. Marshak recalled how surprised and even upset he was. Already in adulthood, reading his poems, Marshak recalled that incident from childhood, each time upset and embarrassed at the same time. Marshak's life was oversaturated with events, his family often moved from place to place, sociable Samuel made many new friends, communicated, gaining new knowledge and impressions. Marshak's children's poems will subsequently reflect his life stages, we can easily follow his joys and experiences, recognize in the heroes of poetry people who met on his life path. It is noticed that Marshak's poems for children are saturated with fire, the whole point is that in early childhood the boy and his family survived a fire in their own house.

The writer said that his very first vivid memory from childhood is a fire that engulfed the curtains, his mother quickly and with excitement dresses him, an incomprehensible feeling of fear, some very deep fear. In Marshak's poems, we will meet fire more than once, because he himself always treated him with caution and tried to convey this alertness and attentiveness to the children. Marshak began writing poetry for children at a mature age, when he realized that honesty, openness and light rhyme find a lively response in children. It is noteworthy that Samuel did not have his own books in childhood, according to him, he lacked funny, small works, he had to read everything that was in his parents' adult library, neighbors and acquaintances.

Marshak's poems for children convey life pictures so realistically that the effect of presence is simply amazing. The author was impressed by Pushkin's tales and tried to put into every word, first of all, meaning, not rhyme, impressions, and not adult teachings to children. You can read Marshak's poems, starting from preschool age, and then you will not want to stop. As little Marshak remembered for the rest of his life the smell of spices and sweets that was in the air when he read the oriental fairy tales “A Thousand and One Nights”, so his poems make a strong impression on the little grateful listeners - our children.

Since 1923, Marshak worked at the Theater of the Young Spectator, in the circle of children's writers at the Institute of Preschool Education. He published the first books of poetry for children "The Tale of the Stupid Mouse", "Fire", "Mail", a translation from the English children's folk song "The House That Jack Built". In the same year he founded the children's magazine "Sparrow", since 1924 called "New Robinson". In 1937, the editorial office fell apart - several employees were arrested on denunciation. In the fall of 1938, Marshak moved to Moscow. During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) Marshak's poetic feuilletons were published in Pravda, Windows TASS, military newspapers and magazines. Samuil Yakovlevich died on July 4, 1964 in Moscow from lung cancer at the age of 76. Buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. Marshak's youngest son Yakov, born in 1925, died of tuberculosis in 1946. The eldest son Immanuel (born in 1917) became a famous physicist, he outlived his father for 13 years. Now the grandsons of the writer Alexander, Alexey and Yakov are alive.

INTERESTING FACTS

Marshak defended Brodsky and Akhmatova

Samuil Marshak, already a famous poet and translator, was treated kindly by the Soviet regime, received Lenin and four Stalin prizes, nevertheless helped disgraced colleagues - Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva. I was not afraid to call the director of Goslit Kosolapov a coward when he stopped publishing Joseph Brodsky.

The scattered man Marshak could write off from himself

Samuil Yakovlevich was well acquainted with the 93-year-old associate professor of the Voronezh State University, Polina Borozdina, who had previously taught the history of literature of the peoples of Russia at the Voronezh State University. She met the famous poet in 1958 at the House of Writers' Creativity in Maleevka near Moscow, a favorite vacation spot for the Soviet creative intelligentsia. Immediately after the meeting, a strong friendship was struck between the Borozdins' family and Marshak, and he called Polina Andreevna nothing more than "my dear compatriot." Researchers believe that the prototype of the hero in the poem "This is how absent-minded" was the famous physicist-chemist, professor of Moscow State University Ivan Kablukov. He periodically issued the phrases "znako faceo", "domornoma" and could subscribe "Kabluk Ivanov". Polina Andreevna says that Marshak himself was also a little absent-minded, so it is possible that he added his own features to the image of the hero of the poem.

That's how absent-minded

There lived a scattered man On Basseinaya Street.

He sat down on the bed in the morning,

I began to put on a shirt, I put my hands in my sleeves - It turned out that these were trousers.

That's how scattered From Basseinaya Street!

He began to put on a coat - They say to him: "Not that!"

I began to pull on leggings -

They say to him: "Not yours!"


When the Bolsheviks came to power, he destroyed all his previous works - poems dedicated to Jewish culture and the city of Jerusalem. He chose "a world open to immortality" - he began to write children's poems and fairy tales, on which more than one generation grew up. Who does not know his Robin-Bobin-Barabek, Scattered from Basseinaya Street, a lady with luggage and a little dog, Vaksa-Klyaksa and the alphabet in verse? In November 2017, Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak would have turned 130 years old.

Descendant of a rabbi


In October 1887, a son was born into a Jewish family, Marshak. It was a difficult time, and the head of the family had to hide the fact that he came from a hereditary family of rabbis, adherents of the Talmud. Yakov Mironovich did not receive a special education, but worked as a technologist at a chemical plant, having several inventions in the soap making industry. In addition, this naturally gifted person spoke several languages ​​and read Goethe and Heine in the original, was well versed in Russian classics. Father tried to instill love and desire for knowledge in his children. From an early age it was clear to everyone that his son Samuel was a real child prodigy.


The first to notice this was the teachers of the St. Petersburg gymnasium, where Marshak Jr. studied. The literary teacher Syoma also influenced the formation of the literary views of the young talent. Samuel's first poetic experiments brought him unprecedented success, and soon many literary publications began to print his works.

Stasov, one of the famous Petersburg critics of that time, after reading the poem of the young Marshak, declared him a genius. Soon Marshak meets Maxim Gorky, who took an active part in the fate of Samuel and gave him a start in literary life. The young man works a lot: he spends hours in the library, writes poetry and makes wonderful translations from Hebrew and Yiddish.

Labor youth


Having brilliantly coped with the first literary order, a poem to the music of Glazunov, Marshak became very much in demand in the creative environment of St. Petersburg. He began to be attracted to literary societies, and many friends appeared among poets, artists and musicians. Samuel's works were already published not only in St. Petersburg, but also in Moscow and Kiev.

Blok and Akhmatova admired him. But the poet's star fever, fortunately, did not happen, and he continued to work with enthusiasm. As a correspondent for a Moscow magazine, Marshak traveled almost all over the Middle East, which inspired him to create a cycle of poems "Palestine", which became a very popular collection of lyrics of that time.

During his travels, Samuel met a sweet girl Sophia, educated, educated and close to him in spirit, who became his wife. In 1914, the happy couple had a daughter. But fate gives everyone an equal measure: a handful of joy, a handful of grief. Daughter Marshak was destined to be terrible - she overturned the samovar with boiling water and died.

Desperate parents did not withdraw into themselves, did not blame fate - they decided to help needy children, and there were plenty of them in those hungry times. It was then that Samuel Yakovlevich began to write children's poetry. The lines themselves came out from under the pen, hurrying to lie on the paper - kind, warm, full of childish spontaneity and tenderness. I so wanted to read them to my daughter before bedtime ...

From London to Petrograd


Studying in Great Britain left a special mark on the poet's work. After the St. Petersburg University, Marshak was educated at a London technical school, and then at the University of the capital of Great Britain. By that time, England was perhaps the only country where literature for children took shape as an independent genre. Samuel traveled all over Albion, collecting a collection of English folk tales, ballads and songs, which he later translated into Russian.

Among them are the famous "The House That Jack Built" and "Heather Honey". Marshak was especially famous for his translations of works by Shakespeare, Kipling, Burns, Milne, Keats and Wadsworth. Returning to his homeland and plunging into the whirlpool of political events, Marshak faced a choice: life or faith. Remembering the instructions of his teacher Stasov, he chose the first. He collected all his pre-revolutionary works and burned them.

At first, the poet worked in a provincial town, lectured in the Kuban, translated, taught English. There he created the first theater for children. This event did not pass unnoticed, and in 1922 Lunacharsky invited Samuil Yakovlevich to Petrograd. It was then that his book "Children in a Cage" and several scenarios for the Theater of the Young Spectator appeared. That year Marshak created the first Soviet magazine for children, for which he assembled a team of talented poets and writers.

Already after the defeat of Detgiz, when many children's writers were repressed and disappeared in the GULAG, when the so-called thaw came, Samuil Yakovlevich learned that he had already had a pile of denunciations on him in the NKVD. Miraculously, he managed to avoid the millstones of the infernal political machine. He always said that he was saved by children's literature.

Half a century in poetry


After the war, Marshak moved to Moscow, where he continued to engage in translations and became seriously interested in "lyrics for adults." Here he began to write an autobiography and a number of articles on creative skills. Gradually, the unforgiving time took the poet's relatives and friends, and only a devoted old housekeeper remained by his side, whom he jokingly called "Shakespeare's tragedy", then "Hitler in a skirt." She hid cigarettes from him and called him “an old fool”. Illness and loneliness only gave strength to Marshak - he worked day and night. Even on the last day of his life, Samuil Yakovlevich was in a hurry to finish the play, the last one in his half a century in poetry ...

BONUS


A deep trace in Russian poetry was left by I. He did everything awry, and lived and wrote - with quirks and not according to the rules.