The museum of world funeral culture has an unusual exposure: POS-MORTEM photos or posthumous photography.

Posmthnum Photography (Eng. Post-Mortem Photography) - Custom photographing recently dead people appeared in the XIX century with the invention of Dagerotype. Such pictures were familiar at the end of the beginning of the century, and are currently the object of study and collectibles.

POST-MORTEM photos served not so much with a reminder of mortality, as a peculiar sentimental souvenir in memory of the mustache. Special popularity was photographed dead children and newborns, since the level of child mortality during the Victorian era was very high, and such pictures were sometimes the only portraits of children left the family for memory.

Peak popularity posthumous photo I came to the end of the XIX century, however, later went on a waning and was soon fully due to the invention of the instant photo, which was greater thanks and popularity, although some continuation of the tradition was traced in the 20th century.

Early posthumous photos Pictured the face of the deceased close-up or body entirely, less often in the coffin. The dead was photographed in such a way as to create an illusion of deep sleep, and sometimes it was given outdoor poses, imitating a living person.

Children were usually placed in wheelchairs, on children's chairs or sofas, surrounded by favorite toys, dolls. The photographing of the whole family or the nearest relatives, more often than the mother, brothers or sisters, was also generally accepted. Such staged shots were performed both in the house of the deceased and in the studio of the photographer.

Photos of dead children They were especially precious for parents, because during their lifetime they were almost not filmed or not removed at all. And so the parents remained at least something.

Then no one was afraid of such photos, they did not repel anyone, even very little children were not afraid not only a photo, but also the deceased relatives ...

There was a custom to photograph the crazy woman and cut off the curl of her hair. This snapshot together with the curl was placed in the medallion and wore on the chest. Snapshots did in the house, where the deceased, in the funeral bureau and the cemetery ...

Adults in posthumous photos traditionally gave a sedentary pose. Often the surrounding space was decorated with flowers. To give vitality, the photographer on top of the closed eyes in the picture portrayed the open, and in earlier pictures they applied a little pink paint into the area of \u200b\u200bthe cheek.

In later posthumous images, the dead are increasingly depicted in the coffins, in the picture all the relatives, acquaintances and loved ones who were present at the funeral are imprinted.

Tradition to do and store such pictures is still persisted in some countries of Eastern Europe.

In almost every family, there were such pictures in Russia, but then they began to destroy them, now almost you will not find them. Palked and discarded pictures with the dead because they no longer remembered these people, and family values, for example, the memory of the kind - went into the past.

Here are all three, but they look like alive. A man was laid in her hand twisted sheet of paper. It gives him an "extra liveliness".

And here the whole family is also dead. Sometimes the hair was blown to the hair so that the tripod was not visible, with which the corpse was held in a standing position.

Tripod for the posthumous photo.

Photos of dead parents with dead children.

This photo is controversial. There is information that there is only a woman alive. But these are unconfirmed data.

This girl moved the train. And therefore, it is photographed as if it sits behind a tall table. In fact, the corpse simply does not have a lower half.

In the photo, a dead girl stands on the right

Today there are a large number of constantly replenishing collections of posthumous photos of the Victorian era. Thomas Harris, the New York Collector, so explains his passion. "They (photos) soothe and make you think about the priceless gift of life" ...

One of the most famous collections of posthumous photography Is the Burns Archive. In total, there are more than four thousand photos. Snapshots of this archive were used in the film "Other".

Another way to perpetuate the memory of the mustache, which was used in the past to this day - death mask or posthumous facet face or the hands of the deceased. You can read on our website and find out in the museum of world funeral culture.

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We look at the same time on Victorian photos, and shudder takes - what are they strange and often monstrous in the literal sense of the word. Snapshots of dead people, applied and fixed so as to seem alive; images of physical disadvantages and injuries; Collages with sliced \u200b\u200bheads and "ghosts", filmed on long exposure. Who and why were you needed these photos? Let's extract an old album and try to find an explanation of the contents of his pages.

Caution, the article present shocking illustrations

Standing dead

Photos of dead people are a very popular and concentrated story. In the network you can find a lot of similar selections: beautiful, elegant men, women and - most often - children with closed eyes half off or lie surrounded by living relatives. It is not always possible to guess that the central hero of the composition is already in the best world. Such pictures were widespread in Europe and America the second half of the XIX century. Dead books really existed, there were even photographers who specialized in the capture of the dead - and separately, and in the circle of still healthy family members. Most often, children and old people were removed, extremely rarely photographed young dead people.

At this family picture, the extreme left girl is dead

Explanation of this tradition, distributed from the 1860s to the beginning of the 1910s, is extremely simple. In those days, there was almost no one who had no one, Daggerotypia, and after a collodic photography were complex technologies and demanded a professional approach. There was almost no private picture, the work of the photographer was prestigious and demanded high qualifications, so it was very well paid.

It's hard to believe, but both girls are dead. Well viewed supports supports for their legs

A trip to the studio for a family photograph was an expensive, and only secured people could afford to the house. It was preparing to photographing in advance, they brought the hairstyles, they put on the best costumes - that is why people in the pictures of the XIX century seem to be such predetermined and beautiful. They just very diligently posed. Remember, for example, the famous photo "Wild Gang" Butch Cassidy (right): Wanted criminals are dressed with needles, in new costumes and butchers, look like real dandy and are not shy to remove. Why? Yes, because the photographer received a good fee, and not deprived of Cassidy wanted to have a beautiful photo of his organization. Banks and trains These people robbed in a completely different form.

So, due to the high prices for snapshots and the complexity of the process, we simply did not have time to photograph during life. Especially this concerned children - child mortality in the XIX century was monstrous and at the same time completely familiar. Families were large, on average 2-3 of 10 children died of diseases in the absence of antibiotics, vaccines and other modern means. The old men also rarely starred - during their youth, there were no photos, and in old age they were no longer before.

As a result, people were uncomfortable that they had no family photos, only after the death of some of the loved ones. Immediately hoped a photographer, the body was justified and seated in the "live" pose. Often, such pictures were generally the only ones where the deceased was captured. Dead middle-aged, from 20 to 60, removed much less often, because they usually have time to take pictures during life.

Here the eyes of the dead of the girl are not drawn, but fixed in the open position

Photographers were well earned on this genre. There were many tricks and devices that allowed to give dead man for a living person. For example, specialized (patented!) Supplements to give dead natural postures - although more often did a photo, where the dead man imitated sleeping. The struts were inserted into the eyes, and the pupils turned to the deceased "looked into the chamber." Sometimes about the fact that in the picture is the dead man, it was impossible to guess at all, except that by almost a noticeable tripod at his feet.

Sometimes photos of famous dead mans sold out like souvenirs: for example, in 1882, looking at the body of the murdered robber Jesse James, which was put in the instructive goal, could be at the exit to buy a photo of his corpse.

The genre went to the decline already at the beginning of the 20th century, and by the 1920s it was completely disappeared. Compact personal cameras spread, the shooting has become widespread and cheap, it was difficult to find a person, never falling into the lens. And we have a lot of nightmarish photos left for memory. However, many of them seem very elegant and interesting while you do not guess that the Victorian beauties depicted on them are dead.

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Hidden Mothers

Many children did not have lifetime pictures because the child is difficult to stop evenly and make not twitch. And excerpts in those times were very long. If it was necessary to take a picture of the child of one, without a mother, photographers of the XIX century used a simple trick. Mother sat down on the chair, and her thoroughly draped, covering his hands, face, legs, as if she was a piece of furniture. The child was put on his knees of the mother, where he could behave decently for some time. At the same time, on the side of the photographer, everything looked as if in a picture of anyone, except for the child, no.

True, if you look at, these photos create a terrible feeling. It is noticeable that under the bedtop, the man is still sitting in the dark. It seems that he is about to jump and devour nothing suspecting innocent child.

Victorian photoshop

On May 23, 1878, the young British photographer Samuel Kay Breyton from Brighton (Sussex, United Kingdom) posted a announcement in the Brighton Daily News newspaper, which later became the famous and spawned a whole genre of photomanipulation. It reads: "Pictures of perfume: Ladies and gentlemen in photos will fly in the air in the company tables, chairs and musical instruments! Headless photos: Lady and gentlemen in the pictures will keep their own heads in the hands! Photos of dwarfs and giants: It's really funny! "

There were enough photographers in Brighton, and Balubirni, who opened the photo studio, wanted to stand out. And he invented the method of photomanipulation based on combining several negatives. In fact, it was the forerunner of modern photoshop. Oddly enough, the idea of \u200b\u200bBalubirni did not decrease success. Brighton residents of Brighton are accustomed to the traditional photography, in a hurry to be filmed in a headless or flying form. Two years later, the photographer closed the studio and went to serve as an army doctor.

But, oddly enough, it continued to live. Few photographs made by Calibry, sprawled not only on private customer albums, but also on newspapers. As a result, the simplest manipulation with negatives masted dozens of photographers in England and beyond. "Head portraits" became a popular genre of photos and remained in fashion until the 1910s.

By the way, most likely, not Balubirni was the inventor technology. Known at least one "gelless photo", made in 1875, before the opening of the studio, another Master from Brighton, William Henry Wieler, - he held a photo sealon to Heistite. But Wieler did not advertise his "photoshop" so openly as Balubirni, and did not become a new director.

Blowing mule

The most famous gel photography belongs not to man, but Mulu. And the mule on her really does not have a head! Made her British photographer Charles Harper Bennett on June 6, 1881 for scientific purposes.

Bennett was the son of the Surrey Hatter, but in the 1870s I decided to open a business for the sale of photographic equipment. In 1878, trying to find a way to reduce an excerpt, he realized that the collodic process would not work in any way and need a fundamentally new composition of the emulsion for instant image consolidation. By that time, another photographer, English doctor Richard Meddoks, has already achieved success in this area, replacing the collodus gelatin. But he could not achieve sufficient fastening speed due to the fact that there was too much liquid in gelatin. Bennett undertook to improve the medical method and quickly achieved success. He managed to reduce the shutter speed from a few seconds to 1/25 second.

The first thing Bennett decided to show the technology of the military, and the American, not British, and he needed a spectacular and at the same time an effective experiment. The way of demonstration he chose a kind: tied a dynamite to her neck, installed a camera to a tripod, and then blew his head of the animal in the presence of Lieutenant Colonel of the US Army Henry Abbotta and a few more military from Willelet Point (New York). The picture he managed to do at the moment when the heads of the head were already scattered, but the body of Moula still stood, did not have time to fall. This demonstrated the speed of the photo.

Description of the experiment and the results of the work of Bennett were published in Scientific American. The technology was successfully implemented, Bennett received a patent and earned on its invention. But the press hit him the mountain criticism for cruel treatment of animals. Since Bennett's father was a hat, some newspapers beat the phrase "the mad, like a hatter" from Alice in Wonderland. "

Treatment or torture?

On the Internet the second photo is widely converted. On the first girl with a spinning spine, to the second - the process of straightening, on the third - tight adjustment, holding the spine in the aligned state.

Another popular direction of photographs of the XIX century is the people who are clearly torture. Shears on the back, hits the current, squeezes his head with visits. In fact, in most of these pictures there is no striking anything terrible. Imagine that a person who has never seen a dentist will see a snapshot on which you are sitting with a wide open mouth, and there is some man with terrible tools. He will be terrified, right? So we, for the first time, facing long-mood forgotten and sometimes erroneous medical methods of the XIX century, terrify, although in those days they seemed completely normal.

For example, a photo is widespread in the network, at which a slim half-fledged woman is tied by hands to a strange cone-shaped frame. Nearby is a fully dressed man of middle aged years and seems to look at the female breast. What is this - Victorian BDSM Club? Of course not. This photo of all-in-law illustrates the method of correcting scoliosis developed by the famous American orthopant surgeon Lewis Sayra.

He was a real revolutionary of his case. With the help of a cone-shaped frame, Saire temporarily straightened the spine mutilated with scoliosis, and then tightly bandaged the patient, not allowing again to bend. After several weeks, such procedures, the spine straightened noticeably. The photo with the girl is most famous because of the fact that her heroine is young, slim and looks at all this mysterious and erotic. In fact, Sayra's pictures behind the work of a pond. Most are captured by men with round ripples or, on the contrary, bony, with hairy sticking sickles, sorry, ask. Of course, the popular has become truly beautiful photography.

And, by the way, you have not yet seen other fixtures to correct scoliosis, common in the XIX century.

Dushen demonstrates a smile. In fact, due to paralysis, the patient physically could not smile. Ducheus simply "turned on" the necessary muscles with the help of electric pulses.

In the 19th century, the French neurologist Guide Dushen, who lived in the XIX century, examined the reaction of muscles and nerves on electrical impulses. Subsequently, its work was based on electronicomiography, diagnostic test, allowing to identify nerve damage.

Among other things, Ducane has captured the expressions of individuals of patients when submitting pulses on one or another facial nerve. The problem was the photo of that time - long exposure did not allow a similar procedure. But Dushen was lucky - at his disposal was the middle-aged shoemaker, who suffered from paralysis of the facial nerve (Bella paralysis). In other words, if the patient was drunk with the help of a current on the face of the patient, it was held there without change for a few minutes until the muscle was "released." This made it possible to make a high-quality snapshot on a long excerpt.

The doctor made more than 100 experiments with a shoemaker, connecting electrodes to various muscles and getting a variety of facial expressions. The study, equipped with pictures, was published under the name "Mechanism of Human Physiognomy". Thanks to this work, Dushen defined the appointment of a number of facial muscles and, in particular, revealed a mechanism for the emergence of a smile.

And in the pictures - the same shoemaker during one of the experiments.

Portrait of Fineas Gage

Fineas Gage was an American railway worker, explosion specialist. On September 13, 1848, 25-year-old Geyge was preparing to undermine the cliff near Cavendish when laying a railway site between the cities of Ratmond and Burlington in Vermont. He needed to drill at the desired point of the cliff hole, lay an explosive substance and wick, to ravage all this with a rubbing pin and legittail the hole with sand, releaseing the outside of the phytel.

At the moment when the Gage was a pin over the hole, where the explosive was already laid, his distrack someone from the workers. Gage turned around and machine lowered the pin. From the collision, the powder caught fire and exploded. The pin entered the gage's cheek under the left eye, struck the skull and left the top of the head. So that you understand: this thing was 3.2 cm in diameter, more than a meter long and weighed 6 kg. Having passed through the skull, the pin flew, splashing blood and brains, 25 meters up and fell not far away.

But Gage for some reason survived. At first he fell and threw in convulsions, then calmed down, came to his senses and with the help of colleagues reached the hotel where workers lived, - 1.2 km from the scene. When a surgeon Edward Williams arrived there in half an hour, the Gage was sitting on the porch in a rocking chair.

After 2 months, Gage returned to active life, externally losing only the left eye. But his personality changed the cardinal way - friends and relatives argued that "it is no longer our Fineas." As a result of injury, it lost 4% of the bark and 11% of the white substance, as well as the relationship between different parts of the brain. Within 12 years, the Best specialists explored the best specialists. Based on this case, a number of regularities were identified, for which one or another section of the brain is responsible. Two shot of geyja was done. On both he sits, elegantly dressed, and keeps the same tamping pin in his hands, who sewed his head.

Fineas Gage died in 1860 from an epileptic seizure provoked by the old injury. His skull is stored in the anatomical museum Warren in Harvard.

Everything is fine, just leaf further

This expression is how it is impossible to more suitable for most vintage photographs, on which something strange occurs. In fact, there is nothing unusual - we are simply not used to that reality, because we live in another. As much as strange and monstrous, we sometimes seem to be pictures, say, the animal world, when the female of the mantis eats the male after mating or there is still some abomination. Each Victorian photography, like any modern, has an overtust, history, explanation, without which it is not clear what happens on it. And when they recognize them, suddenly becomes completely terrible. Or, on the contrary, even more in itself. This is how to solve you.

Number of records: 105

Hello! Tell me, please, in what place and how should Icons be located in the apartment?

Ksenia

Traditionally, icons, like altari temples, are located on the east side, but it is not so fundamentally. You can hang icons where it is convenient, where they will be clearly visible.

deacon Elijah Cocine

There are many old religious calendars at home, it is impossible to throw out, but it is also difficult to store, there is not enough space. How best to do?

Irina

Hello Irina! Calendars can be burned, but in a clean place, for example, in the field or in the country. The main thing is that all this does not fall into the garbage.

ieria Vladimir Shllykov

Good day! We have a wedding soon. There will be wedding. The groom wants to take the witnesses to the wedding of his friend. He was married (but not Veden) and is currently divorced. Is it possible to take in witnesses to the wedding of a divorced person?

Alyona

Hello, Alena! What, since a more suitable candidate was not found, let each other witness. The main thing is to be Orthodox and baptized, as the wedding is the sacrament, and members of the Church should participate.

ieria Vladimir Shllykov

Hello! Tell me, please, what will be correct: put on the grave of the Orthodox monument with the image of the cross and photography of the deceased, or just a cross? If you put it just a cross, then you can place the image of the deceased on the cross, or only the plate with the Full name is allowed. And the date of birth and death?

Oleg

Oleg, the cross should always be in a Christian, and during life, and after death. The cross on the grave should stand regardless of the monument. You can also put a monument as convenient, but the cross is separately. On the cross it is better to make only the date and F.O.O., and the photo separately. But you can make a tombstone with the inscription and the photo, and the cross is delivered separately, it will be inexpensive.

jeromona Victorin (Aseev)

Hello, father. Tell me, please, can I call the names of the dead relatives? Not in their honor, but simply because you like the names. My husband and I are waiting for a child. We like the two names. One name was my great-grandmother who lived a long, but difficult life, and the other is a cousin, tragically deceased a few years ago at a young age.

Olga

We give children names are not in honor of relatives, living or deceased, even if they wore the same name, but in honor of the saints who become their heavenly patrons. Do not bind it with death or the difficult life of relatives, it does not matter. Usually, the name is given when baptism, and it must be mandatory Orthodox. A person prays his heavenly patron, in whose honor he is named. If the name is Orthodox - do not doubt, you can calmly call.

jeromona Victorin (Aseev)

Tell me, please, when is the name of Polina, if she was born on April 23? And does the day of the baptism of the child affect the date of the name?

Marina

The day of baptism on the date of the name does not affect, it is customary to choose the date of the name, nearest after the birth of a child. In such cases, the holy patron may be saint with a convening or similar to the name of the name; In this case, pelagia or apolllin. The calendar has two saints with this name. Appolinaria - January 5 and September 30 at the old style. I think, in your case, the name day - September 30, in the old style, and in the new October 13 (MCh. Apollinarium), on the eve of the holiday of the Pota of the Mother of God.

jeromona Victorin (Aseev)

Hello, father! I will have a question about the thanksgiving prayer. I read that you need to specify the kind of prayer, to whom the prayer is made, then list the names of those for whom the prayer is to be performed. But the question is: Do I need to point your request or for what you want to thank God, any saint? This prayer is done on the same day when I order or in another? Do I need to specify a name for a thank younger? Thanks in advance!

Albin

Albina should not specify its request or cause of prayer, it is unnecessary. If you order prayers soon enough, in the morning, then it can be perfect on the same day, usually such prayers serve after liturgy. If you ordered it during the day, then, most likely, he will be permanently the next day. In the note, it is necessary to write the names of those from whose behavior is performed.

igumen Nikon (Golovko)

Hello! My mother died on December 25th. On the third day we buried her. Reference. Sorokoust ordered in three churches. They themselves read the psalter's coffin, and now we continue. When buried in hand, a cross was embedded. But only now I realized that we did not wear a native cross. It is very tormented by me. Something can be done now? Thanks in advance for the answer.

Olga

Hello Olga! It is enough that the cross was put in her hand. The main thing, do not leave prayers and make church remembrance, all this is necessary at the expiration of forty days.

ieria Vladimir Shllykov

Why is Christmas celebrated on January 7, and not December 25, when did Christ be born? After all, a person is born under a certain star. And if astronomers have determined that it happened 25 (12 old style) December, then it is incorrect to note it in 13 days.

Vladimir

Vladimir, Christmas in the Orthodox Church was always celebrated and celebrated on December 25 (according to the old style). December 25 is a conditional number, and no astronomers have a relationship to this. When the state passed to the Julian calendar, the church did not move, and to the present the church lives in the old style. Take the church calendar, and you will see that all dates are given in the old and new style. But the Catholic Church moved to a new style, and they just get christmas on December 12 by the old style (although it is essentially not fundamentally). Astrology - Anti-Christian "Science", Besyskaya, the birth of a man "under the star" (as you say) is a pagan concept. God creates a man (the woman is entering the baby, and God cultivates, gives life, hesitates the soul into a person), as can some star, planet, dead, inanimate matter, influence the life of a person? Only our attitude towards God affects our lives.

jeromona Victorin (Aseev)

Good afternoon, father! Please tell me whether it is possible to note my birthday earlier. Born on January 21, and on January 19, in baptism, she wanted to gather his relatives and celebrate his birthday, after the service ...

Tatyana

Of course, you can, Tatiana. Mark, just not very fond of the celebration, look at this date more philosophically: The fact is that the holiday is for us or not a holiday, will show eternity, and already there we will be this day or celebrate and bless it, or curse, God forbid .

igumen Nikon (Golovko)

Hello! Soon baptism, and again some of my acquaintances are going to dip in the hole. Tell me, please do it right? Is it useful for the soul? After all, our Lord was baptized in Jordan, and not in icy water. And then, bathing in icy water at 12 o'clock in the morning is not the sacrament of baptism. With the same success, you can stand at 12 o'clock at night at home under the shower, and the effect will be the same, because the water is consecrated everywhere. I also know that not all the tickets have such swims enjoy "popularity". How to do right? Thank you.

Andrew

Bathing in the corruption of a kind tradition. I lived at one time in the monastery, and we had the same tradition, we all brother at midnight with candles with the singing of the baptism to the source and were poured by ice water. First scary, but then you get the joy of spiritual and bodily. The church welcomes this tradition. I know many baws and bishops that are also bathed at night. This, of course, is not a sacrament, but only the tradition, but useful for the soul and body. It is not about the baptism of a person, but only about bathing, although I myself personally baptized people in a distant outback in the Kostroma region and one 4-year-old girl on January 19 in the afternoon (water sanctified himself), it does not contradict the church canons. It does not matter what water, warm or cold, the main thing is that it is consecrated. As for the house, it is possible and under the shower is washed at midnight (as written - all the water nature is being consecrated), not even as cold water. But the feeling is not that. Enter according to your health, if you can, plunge into the hole, even in the afternoon of 19th. And if not, then under the shower.

jeromona Victorin (Aseev)

Hello father! Help learn what icon is mine! I was born on July 14, 1991. Thank you very much in advance!

Daria

Daria, your question remains somewhat incomprehensible for me. If you mean, which of the saints is your patroness, then the Martyr Daria is obvious, the memory of which is made on August 18. West her life, and also do not forget to contact her in the morning and evening prayers. Nothing is impossible about other icons, as they are common to everyone and everyone is helpful to pray.

igumen Nikon (Golovko)

Hello. Girlfriend is going to be married, and I am invited to the planted mother. There are a few questions: 1. Both married more than 45 years old. For both, this is not the first marriage - a friend's first husband died in a car accident, the first wife is already 25 years old, as married to another person, but a man's first marriage is weddow. In connection with the foregoing, do you need a man to submit to the diocese agency to dissolve the marriage? 3. Do they necessarily register a new marriage in the registry office? 4. Wedding, I understand that will go through the rank of day, then do I need a planted mother or just like a witness? Thanks in advance. Respect, ia

Dear, your acquaintances must certainly go to the diocesal control and explain the entire situation. If the marriage is 45 years old - what can be planted fathers and mothers? In the chin-survey of the sacrament of marriage, there is no speech about the placed fathers and mothers. And marriage registration in the registry office is an indispensable condition for the commitment of church sacrament. The church is separated from the state, so the certificate of wedding has no legal force in property and inheritance.

ieria Alexander Babushkin

Good afternoon, father! My grandson has already been 7 years old, will soon be 8. Until seven years, the child is considered a baby, and after seven how to point in the notes of the boy's health? After all, he is no longer a baby.

Marina

Marina. In the church, there is a procedure for writing notes: up to 7 years old - baby (ml.) After 7 years and up to 14 years old, (abbreviated - otf.) After 14 years - Slave of God (R.B.). There are also other characters: Bottling (b.) Traveling (Put)

jeromona Victorin (Aseev)

Hello! Patushka, tell me, please, how to do. My husband and I are waiting for a child (after 1.5 months). Pregnant happened not immediately. I asked the baby from the Lord and once at Mom, when she was in her cemetery (she died from cancer 4 years ago). And when I asked, I promised that I would call her name. Now I am waiting for a girl, will it be possible to call it in honor of the deceased native or can not be done? Thank you!

Catherine

Dear Catherine, promises must be executed. Moreover, harm from the fact that you call a child with the name of the late mother, can not be. And, of course, remember that you call a child not in honor of relatives, but in honor of the Holy, who became famous for God with this name.

archpriest Andrei Efanov

In the life of each of us sooner or later, losses occur - our grandparents and grandparents leave, then parents and other close people. After all unpleasant ceremonials, we stay one on one with many questions: "What now to do with everything, hurned by our relatives?", "Is it possible to keep their things in your home?", "Is it possible to wear their clothes, decorations, shoes ? ".

This article will be devoted to all folk signs, with all beliefs, as well as church instructions relating to things of deceased close people.

There is such an expression: "It is better to sleep on the grave of the decease, rather than on his beds!" Perhaps this is the share of truth. If a person was sick for a long time, he felt crazy flour on the bed, and in the end it was also dead, then with such an inheritance, of course it is better to part.

People relating to psychic, argue that the bed of the decease is better replaced. If there is no possibility to buy a new bed, and something needs to sleep on something, it is better to hold the rite of cleansing the mortal odd of a loved one. To do this, you can get around the bed from all sides with a lit church candle, spending over it and under it, sprinkle it with holy water and sprinkle with salt.

If the deceased person possessed some other opportunities, then to get rid of the trace of his strong energy, it is better to invite a priest to the house. The church, as a rule, goes towards its parishioners and helps them to overcome their fears before the unknown.

If you apply with such reflections to someone more landed, like scientists or doctors skeptical about this kind of classes, then they are unlikely to find something reprehensible to leave the sofa or the bed of a deceased person to themselves. The only instruction can be disinfection of furniture or hauling it. This is especially true of those options when a person died of an infectious disease or a virus.

What to do with a deceased relative bed?

The church, in turn, can be represented by the desire of relatives to leave their loved ones to their loved one. Not in Christian it is to sleep on the bed, where he met the face to face with the death of another person.

It is very important in this matter is his psychological party. A person who has lost his loved one cannot immediately get rid of grief and longing. The subject associated with this person is able to remind him often to remind him and disturb sad thoughts in the head. However, there is a discharge of people who, on the contrary, memorable things are given only positive emotions and memories. Falling asleep on the bed of your relative, they can more often meet with them in a dream and rejoice in such spiritual communication.

In other words, the choice remains yours. If you are able to subjugate your feeling of fear and give up superstition, then bring a bed close to you in order and sleep yourself on her health!

What to do with the photos of dead relatives?

This is perhaps the most controversial question. We have long been accustomed to the fact that in the homes of our grandmothers, great-grandmothers and parents on the walls hung numerous portraits and common photos of their ancestors and loved ones. In the old days it was not considered something dangerous or reprehensible. But today a bunch of ideas divorced that the photographs of the dead bear negative energy and can affect the health and fate of living people.

First of all, let's talk about the portrait of just a deceased person for the funeral procession. It should be a picture that you liked and him. The portrait can be framed in a mourning frame for photos or make a black ribbon on it in the lower right corner. After the burial, the portrait of the deceased must be able to stand in his house 40 days. What to do with a portrait later, to solve it closest.

If after this time is the wound about the loss of too fresh, then the photo is better to remove up to more calm times. If the relatives have already managed to survive their loss and cooped with nerves, the portrait can be placed in a living room or another room, except the bedroom.

Photos of dead relatives in the house - the opinion of the Church

The Orthodox Church does not see anything bad in the fact that the photographs of the deceased relatives are in their relatives. Before God, we are all equal - both dead, and alive.

Therefore, photographs of loved ones, especially loved ones and loving, can only bring a bunch of pleasant memories and fill the heart with cleanliness and love. If the loss is too heavy, then at first it is better to remove the photo from the eye. But it is not necessary to get rid of it forever. The time will come when the appearance of the departed will begin to break out and gradually disappear from the person's memory - then it is then to help and his photo will come.

It is also better to hide at the time of the deceased person who remains offended or misunderstanding. After some period, all negative emotions will be departed to the background, and then you can see your loved one with a clean heart.

Where to give old photos of dead relatives?

Of course, they need to be stored. Now, if you imagine that close-looking great writers or other outstanding people would not keep their photographs, as if we were imagined. It is always interesting to verify the portrait of a famous person with the original.

So in this situation - our grandchildren, great-grandchildren and other heirs will want to know how their ancestor looked. In this, the photo will help them. Keeping photos of our relatives, we preserve the part of our story, which will be important for our offspring. But the question of whether these photos for general and our, including daily review, remain open.

Is it possible to hang portraits of dead relatives on the wall?

Psychics argue that the photograph of the deceased can become a portal in the other world. Having a deceased portrait on the wall, we can open the door to the world of the dead. If this door is constantly open, that is, the portrait will always be in sight, living people living in the house can feel the energy of the dead.

Some relatives, waving photos of their deceased photos on the walls, argue that their headaches, impotence, various kinds of diseases constantly torment them. All this can only be a contrived theory, and maybe to have a stake.

Particularly strong energy has photographs made on the day of the funeral. It is not clear why in general to do this kind of pictures. After all, they are only human grief and grief. Such photos are unlikely to bring good and positive to the house. It will be better to get rid of them.

How to keep photos of dead relatives?

According to the instructions of psychics to keep photographs of dead relatives follow: it is desirable to separate the photos of the dead people who died from photographs. For photographs of the dead, it is better to highlight a special photo album or photocobe. If there is no separate album, it is better to put such photos in a black opaque package or envelope.

If the photo is general and there are also living people on it, it is better to cut the deceased from it and keep it separately. In order for the photo to be stored longer, it is better to ill. Photos of the dead can be scanned and stored on a separate medium - disk, flash drive, site.

What to do with the clothing of a deceased relative?

The clothes of the deceased person can preserve its energy, especially if it was his favorite clothes. Therefore, it can be either stored or get rid of it. Get rid of the clothes of the deceased best way by distributing it in need. The person will be grateful to you for a gift, while you can ask him to remember the deceased good word and pray for him.

If a person wore clothes during the period of the disease on the eve of death, then such things it is better to burn.

What to do, what to do with the things of the deceased?

With the things of the deceased, it is best to do the same as with clothes - to distribute the poor. If there is among his things close to the heart of the thing, they can be saved somewhere in a secret remote place and get it only when it wants to remember your relative.

If the thing is directly related to the suffering and death of a sick person, it is better to get rid of it by burning. If a person gave a relative to some things in his relative, then it is best to do with them in such a way as the deceased wanted.

Is it possible to leave yourself and wear things of the deceased person?

As mentioned above, it is best to get rid of such things. However, there are such things with which it is very difficult to part. They can be preserved, but to get a long period of time from the closet, this clothing is not recommended. Wear clothes after the deceased, not earlier than 40 days after his death. Some people are generally recommended to simply wait with such a thing of at least a year after the death of a person.

Psychics are offered to clean the clothes of the deceased with the help of all the same holy water and salt. The thing can be simply soaked in a water-salt solution for a while, and then sweeping carefully.

Is it possible to give things to deceased relatives?

If a relative himself insists that he would like to keep himself a memory of the mustache in the form of a thing or another, then he should not refuse him. We just need to ask him to pray for the soul of the deceased.

If, being in full health, the dead bequeathed his belongings to someone from relatives, then it is better to fulfill his will and give the promised.

Is it possible to keep things to deceased relatives at home?

Store the things of the deceased person, of course, you can, but do you need? It is believed that after the man's departure to the world of another, in his house, apartment, the room you need to put a full order. The best option, of course, will be a new repairs. However, if there is no such possibility, then it is necessary to carry out the entire trash out of the room, throw away the old, who have exhausted, things, to distribute suitable things in need, and make general cleaning with disinfection.

If the thing is so road as memory, it can be hidden away from human eyes. It is best to wear such a thing in a rag or an opaque package and remove for a while in the "Far Corner".

Is it possible to wear shoes of a deceased relative?

The dealer's shoes will be the same as his clothes and his clothes and his other things - it is best to distribute, but you can save and save. There is only one general for all rule - in no case can we wear clothes and shoes, removed from the dead man, the more deceased for a violent death.

Can I wear a deceased relative watch?

The clock is a pretty personal thing that has a long period of time to maintain an imprint of your master. If the deceased person lived a happy life and was with his relatives in good relationship, then nothing would be nothing from the wearing hours.

If the dead man led an unworthy lifestyle and bent with his loved ones, it is better to get rid of his hours. In any case, wearing a clock on your hand, you will feel if you want to wear them or not.

Is it possible to wear decorations of dead relatives?

Precious metals and stones have a very good memory. They are able to remember their first owner for years and even decades. If the decoration went to relatives from a benevolent deceased person, then there should be no troubles from his socks. Some stones, such as opal, are very quickly rearranged by new energy and forget their former owner.

If the deceased was engaged in witchcraft or other magic with this decoration, then it is better to get rid of it. To continue the case of his relative, that is, tie themselves with the world of magic, it is desirable only to his heirs who have passed their secrets and knowledge.

What to do with disassembly relative?

Dishes of the deceased relative, again, it is best to distribute those in need. If there are family silver or settings in the archive, then they can be washed, clean and continue to keep in themselves.

Is it possible to use the phone of the deceased relative?

The phone is a relatively new thing in our lives, because on this score there is no definite opinion or the church or our grandparents. If the phone is expensive, they can continue to use. If the device is already quite outdated, then again it is possible to make a good act and give the phone to the poor - let them put it again for the deceased.

If the phone was in his pocket at the deceased at the time of suicide or violent death, it is better not to keep such a thing.

The invention of Damegalipa (the ancestor of the camera) in the middle of the XIX century, posthumous photos of the dried people were particularly popular. Native and close deceased hired a photographer so that he captures a dead person for memory and left a picture as a souvenir. What is this: bad whim or mystical sign?

Posthumous photos and their purpose

History

In those days, child mortality was a big problem, so you can often see the child on the preserved post-artistic photos. People tend to die not in hospitals, but at home. The preparing the burial was usually dealt with the family of the deceased, and not ritual organizations. On such days farewell and the photographer was hired.

In the Victorian era there was a different attitude to death. People of that time acutely experienced separation and loss, but the very body of the deceased did not cause fear and horror. Death was something ordinary, even among children. Usually babies and toddlers did not have time to photograph during life. Common scarletin or flu sent a huge number of children to that light. Therefore, the posthumous photo was quite an adequate way to preserve the memory of a person.

To hire a photographer with a daggerotype, a serious cash was required. Usually such a service ordered wealthy families. An imperfect Daggerotype demanded an excerpt and long motion of the photographed. But in the case of immobilized and damaged body, the process was simply simplified and brought a solid profit to the photographer. If live relatives revealed a desire to take pictures with the departed, they turned out smeared in the picture, but the corpse looked perfectly clearly.

Features

The dead loved to attach casual postures: they were alive, but rest or sleep. Therefore, children were placed not only in coffins, but also on sofas, in wheelchairs, on chairs. The child dressed up, made him a beautiful hairstyle, surrounded with their favorite toys or even pets. In order for the body to retain his position, it could be put on his knees of parents.

The development of the post-mortem photography resulted in peculiar art. A special tripod was developed, fixing the body in the desired posture. The higher the skill of the photographer, the more heavily looked at the cledown. Photographers also applied other tricks, for example, painted eyes on closed eyelids, tickled with rudders, painted the photos of the lying vertically, imitating standing position.

Was the meaning?

By the beginning of the 20th century, the popularity of posthumous photos went to the decline

Posthumous photos are the subject of study and the property of historical collections, because the highest quality and unusual pictures are fabricated money.

Unusual art in those days made it once again to rethink life and death. Among the great people who were photographed posthumously, Viktor Hugo can be called, and the most famous photographer of the Dead - Nadar (Gaspar Felix Tournashon).

It is curious and the fact that the posthumous photo spawned an alternative style when the alive pretended to be dead. Such a culture appeared due to the dimuer mentioned above the imperfection. The impossibility of instant shooting and the need for a long position forced to create images of the dead.