International environmental organizations in Russia are divisions of a particular structure engaged in environmental activities within their specialized program. The main objectives and objectives of such structures are no different, only some minor features depend on the region of the unit may be different.

As a rule, the work of international environmental organizations in Russia, as in other countries of the world, is to protect the environment from the harmful effects of various industries, preventing the irrational use of natural resources, the protection of protected areas, promoting a healthy lifestyle. Most organizations are trying to lead, as widely as a wide range of activities for the protection of nature, but almost every specializes in some one. It may be protection against contamination of a certain region (protected area, a unique natural object), or a systematic large-scale garbage cleaning on a certain territory, or a number of actions to preserve a rare species of an animal or a plant, which is on the verge of disappearance or approaches such.

World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) - One of the largest environmental organizations around the world, whose work is to study the negative impact on the natural environment, reducing this impact, preventing the destruction of the natural habitat of animals and the preservation of biological diversity. The fund has more than 5,000 employees and about 5,000,000 comrades around the world.

In our country, this international environmental organization has opened its representation in 1994, but the first steps took back in 1988 during some projects. The World Wildlife Fund carried out more than 150 projects in more than 40 regions of the Russian Federation. More than 30,000,000 dollars were spent on projects.

Priority areas of the International Environmental Organization WWF in Russia:

1. Regulation and improvement of the legal framework, reducing the load on the natural environment and the rational use of resources in the oil and gas industry.

2. Preventing the influence of human activity on changing climatic conditions on the planet, preventing an existing influence.

3. Protection of marine resources, flora and fauna seas.

4. Events to prevent the cutting of forests and the preservation of the biological diversity of forest zones.

5. Conducting work on identifying areas susceptible to negative impact, translating them into the status of specially protected natural territories.

6. Protection of endangered animal species (Amur Tiger, Amur Leopard, Irbis, Caucasian Bars, Bison, Atlantic Walrus).

Since the WWF International Organization, most of the financial investments comes from abroad, but the number of supporters of the Foundation in Russia constantly grew and by 2015 they had more than 20,000. Dozens of large Russian companies financed the Fund's projects.

Sea Board of Trustees- The International Environmental Organization of the works of which enjoy worldwide, including in Russia.

The priority of the Council is the development and implementation of certification for the management of biological resources of marine territories. Their work consists also in preventing excessive fishing and protect rare species of marine inhabitants. This is an independent association, which has more than a hundred employees.

Fishing businesses complimentary standards and rules developed by the Sea Board of Trustees are in replacements receive the right to enjoy special labeling, which indicates the belonging of this enterprise to conscientious manufacturers and suppliers. Such an emblem on products increases the authority of the manufacturer and indicates the high quality of the goods and that it has been performed by a legal way.

International Network for Renewable Energy Sources (INFORSE) - The largest non-commercial network, leading work on the creation of highly efficient systems and processes, renewable energy sources, closed cycles in the energy industry that improves the environmental situation on Earth. This international environmental organization has developed energy saving programs and renewing energy sources for Russian-speaking states, including for Russia.

CCOM - The environmental organization established on the basis of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic and its marine biological resources.

The main stumbling block in the region was Antarctic Krill, the interest in which almost all countries of the world, capable of conducting work on its fishery. Krill is the foundation of the Food chain of the Antarctic, so its large-scale destruction could lead to irreversible consequences, up to the complete destruction of the ecosystem. This is exactly what has served to create a program to protect Antarctic marine resources. To which 25 states from all over the world immediately joined, Russia was naturally among them.

Greenpeace - They are engaged in a whole complex of destinations related to nature.

Greenpeace complements international environmental organizations in Russia in all directions. This independent environmental community was formed in 1971, and in the 2000s there are already more than 1,000 employees, tens of thousands of assistants and volunteers and millions of like-minded people in all countries. Their work is devoted to the most global and relevant environmental issues: climate change, deforestation, poaching, destroying the natural habitat of animals and plants, pollution of the ocean, radiation danger, solid household waste, air pollution, etc.

Greenpeace pays great attention to the protection of unique natural objects and even major regions, such as the Arctic and Antarctic. In Russia, Greenpeace activists conduct many major and small projects, conduct independent environmental experts, go to the place of accidents and carry out sampling. For example, they entered the project to purify the Neva River in St. Petersburg, urgently reacting to the complaints of local residents. This project is only one of the examples implemented by activists.

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International organizations make it possible to unite the environmental activities of interested states regardless of their political positions, allocating environmental issues from the totality of all international problems. Russia is actively involved in the work of many international environmental organizations.

Intergovernmental environmental organizations

A great contribution to the solution of environmental protection issues is introduced by the UN. All major bodies and specialized institutions participate in environmental activities.

Specialized UN agencies in the field of environmental protection:

  • UNEP (from Eng. UNEP - United Nations Environmental Program - The United Nations Environment Program is carried out since 1972 and is the main UN subsidiary body. Through the Economic and Social Council, UNEP annually presents reports on its activities by the UN General Assembly.
  • UNESCO (from English. UNESCO - United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization - United Nations education, science and culture) has existed since 1946 in order to promote peace and international security, cooperation between states in the field of education, science and culture. The most famous direction in activities is the scientific program "Man and Biosphere" (May), adopted in 1970
  • FAO (from English FAO - Food and Agricultural Organization Un-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), formed in 1945, deals with food resources and agricultural development in order to improve the living conditions of the peoples of the world.
  • WHO (World Health Organization) Created in 1946, has the main purpose of care for people's health, which is directly related to environmental protection.
  • WMO (World Meteorological Organization) - established as a specialized UN agencies in 1951, whose environmental functions are primarily related to global environmental monitoring, including:
    • evaluation of transboundary transfer of pollutants;
    • studying the effects on the ozone layer of the Earth.
  • MOT (The International Labour Organization) - UN specialized institution. Created in 1919 under the League of Nations in order to create safe working conditions and reduce the pollution of the biosphere, which arises often due to the dismissive attitude towards the production environment.
  • IAEA. (The International Atomic Energy Agency) was established in 1957 operating under the Agreement with the UN, but is not its specialized institution.

International regional organizations that carry out environmental activities are not under the auspices of the UN: Eugene, the European Council, the European Economic Community, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, Asia-African Legal Advisory Committee, Helsinki Committee for the Protection of the Baltic Sea (HELCOM), etc.

Non-governmental international organizations

In the late 90s, there were several hundred (according to various data from 200-500) in the world (according to various data from 200-500), and concerning environmental activities in their activities, as well as interested in environmental issues.

  • International Union for Nature Protection - IUCN (from the English. IUCN International Union for The Conservation of Nature) - created in 1948 in Fontainebleau (France). The work of IUCN contributes to the implementation of the Washington Convention on the International Trade in Wild Views of Fauna and Flora (Cites). IUCN - initiator of red books.
  • World Wildlife Protection Fund (From English WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature) - the most numerous private international environmental organization was established in 1961, unites 27 national offices around the world (the Russian representation was opened in 1994), as well as about 5 million. individual members. The activities of the Fund consists mainly in providing financial support to environmental activities; More than $ 12 million was already invested in environmental protection projects.
  • International Legal Organization (Muyo), established in 1968, pays great attention to the development of legal issues of environmental protection.
  • Roman club(RK) - an international non-governmental organization that has made a significant contribution to the study of the prospects for the development of the biosphere and the propaganda of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe need to harmonize the relations of human and nature. The main form of its activities is the organization of large-scale research on a wide range of issues, mainly in the socio-economic field.

Membership in the Rome Club is limited (100 people). These are people who do not occupy official government posts and not represent the interests of any countries.

The Roman Club placed the beginning of the work on the study of the problems called "global issues". For an answer to the question, a series of "reports of the Roman Club" was ordered by a number of outstanding scientists under the general name of the "difficulty of mankind". The results of predicting the prospects for the development of the world on computer models were published and discussed all over the world.

The first in 1972 was the report of the group D. Mededez "Growth Limits".

In the period from 1973 to 1980 (years of heyday and international influence of the Roman Club) have prepared several more reports, including YaTinegen (1977), E. Last (1977). In 1978-1980 The problems of waste processing, energy use, organization of society, achieve abundance and well-being were discussed. The report was played by the report of Botkin with co-authors "No Limits of Training" (1980).

In 1994, E. Yuitzekker with co-authors prepared a thorough report "FAILT FULL", which had the main ways to solve energy saving problems. Currently, the Roman Club continues studies of the current state of the world, in which fundamental changes occurred, especially in geopolitics, while the environmental situation on the planet continues to deteriorate.

Our outstanding compatriots participated in the Roman Club. At different times, the actual members of the club were academicians D.M. Gwishiani, E.K. Fedorov, V.E. Primakov, A.A. Logunov, Ch. Aitmatov, honorary members - M.S. Gorbachev and B.E. Paton.

International Environmental Court (MES) was established on the initiative of lawyers at a conference in Mexico City in November 1994. In the practical environmental activity of the world community, disputes arise, requiring the corresponding competent permission. The composition of judges includes 29 ecologic lawyers from 24 countries, including a representative of Russia.

Disputes in the International Environmental Court are considered on the principles of the Arbitration Court. The parties themselves decide on the appeal to the court and choose from its composition three or more judges to consider the case, which is carried out on the basis of international law, national legislation of the parties and precedents.

By the beginning of the 1980s, more than a dozen large-scale models of world development were created. The most famous models of J. Forerstera, D. Mededez with co-authors, Mesoosich-Pestel, Global 2000, Latin American, British, Japanese and World (UN).

GREENPEACE (Greenpeace - "Green Mir") - an independent international public organization that intends to prevent environmental degradation, created in Canada in 1971. It has about 1.5 million members, 1/3 of which are Americans. Greenpeace has the status of a full member or an official observer in a number of international OS protection conventions; He has branches in 32 countries of the world, including in Russia its official representation is valid since 1992.

Most international non-governmental organizations deal with the protection of individual natural objects or species of natural resources. These include the International Council for the Protection of Birds, the International Federation for the Protection of Alpine Areas, the European Federation for Water Protection, etc.

message on the world around the topic: "The work of international environmental organizations in Russia."

The main objectives of the International Environmental Organizations of Russia.

1. All-Russian Society for Nature Protection
2. The Center for Environmental Policy of Russia (CEPR)
3. Russian ecological movement "Green"
4. Greenpeace (GreenPeace) Rossiniis (Greenpeace) of Russia
5. Russian Green Cross
6. All-Russian Public Environmental Organization "Plantain"
7. Institute of Ecological and Legal Problems "Ecouris"

All-Russian Nature Conservation Society

All-Russian Society for Nature Protection (VOP) It was founded on November 29, 1924. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe organization of the Company was approved by the heads of the Narkomples A. V. Lunacharsky, N. K. Krupskaya, M. N. Pokrovsky. Missions of the VOP - maintaining a favorable environmental and social situation in the region and country. The purpose of the Company is to preserve the environment, maintaining the variety of flora and fauna, as well as the preservation and promotion of public health.

Warp Located in active assistance with government agencies.

Methods for performing tasks:

  • development of club movement associated with environmental safety,
  • monitoring compliance with environmental legislation,
  • informing the public and improving environmental education,
  • implementation of research and scientific activities,
  • the adoption of other measures to protect the environment.

Center for Ecological Policy of Russia (CEPR)

Center for Environmental Policy of Russia Created in 1993 as a professional public environmental organization for expert support for environmental movement and developing recommendations for legislative and executive.

Areas of work:

  • Energy Efficiency

Applications of energy-saving technologies at the level of individual households, enterprises, municipality, region, of which the effect is developing at the state level. Despite the obvious importance of the problem and ways to decide, today the enormous potential of civil society and the expert community are practically not involved.

  • Ecological politics

Combining the efforts of regional environmental NGOs, environmental authorities and the public when attracting business representatives and their availability with other regions and federal center.

Tasks: monitoring the real environmental situation for making true solutions; Professional development of economic, legal, medical aspects to determine the priorities of actions and work with the population, which assumed: the mobilization of public resources, work on the formation of the environmental culture of people and the involvement of the public in decision-making, conducting public environmental impact assessment, etc.

  • Sustainable development

The establishment of the Institute of Public Policy "Institute of Sustainable Development" as a structure that would ensure the development of highly professional expert recommendations in the field of sustainable environmental management, environmental safety, energy efficiency, health and formation of environmental culture for the effective interaction of civil society structures, relevant state bodies (presidential administration, legislative and executive) and business, and their widespread dissemination through a system of specialized training and publications.

  • Civil society

CEPR pays attention to the protection of environmental rights of citizens enshrined by the Constitution of Russia: the right to a favorable environment, the right to compensate for damage caused by the environmental offense, the right to collect, analyze and disseminate environmental information, the right to participate in environmental decision-making, the right of indigenous small Peoples on traditional environmental management.

  • Health environment

The environment does not only have to provide us with the necessary resources, but also be healthy to provide both a long safe existence of wildlife and human health.

  • Social forum

Russian ecological movement "Green"

In 1994, based on environmental Movement "Cedar" The Russian ecological party "Green" was created, in 2009 the activities of the political party were discontinued, and the organization itself was reorganized into the All-Russian public movement "Russian ecological movement" Green " . The goal of the environmental movement "Green" Change the attitude of the state and society to the environmental problems of Russia and humanity as a whole organized and volitional political actions.

"The Russian Ecological Movement" Green "is the only ecological party in Russia, which has a political analogue in the European Parliament, being one of the initiators and members of the Eurasian Association of Green Parties (EZP).

Main goals:

  • ensure the transition to the sustainable development of the Russian Federation on the basis of human harmony with the environment, its spiritual and physical development.
  • improve the quality of life and health of the citizens of the Russian Federation.
  • enhance the international status of the Russian Federation as a leader in global environmental conservation processes and a careful attitude towards natural resources.

Basic methods of work: The interaction of the public, legislative and executive bodies of government, scientists and professionals - practitioners, industrialists and entrepreneurs to implement joint socio-environmental projects.

The main directions of work:

  • participation in the creation of legal conditions that ensure the health of citizens, environmental protection and natural resources of Russia;
  • participation in the creation and implementation of the National Environmental Policy of Russia;
  • participation in the international energy efficiency and the prevention of global climate change;
  • participation in projects for the recovery of the environment of Russia;
  • propaganda ecological worldview, environmental education and education of the younger generation.

GREENPIS (Greenpeace) of Russia

In Russia Greenpeace appeared in 1989, in 1992 the organization was named Greenpeace Russia In 2001, a branch was opened in St. Petersburg.

The purpose of the organization Greenpeace Russia:

  • facilitating the preservation of the recent corners of the untouched nature and the creation of specially protected natural territories,
  • fighting nuclear danger, the desire to eliminate the threats caused by chemical and genetic pollution,
  • transition to renewable energy sources for energy safety and climate rescue,
  • introduction in all cities and villages of Russia reasonable waste recycling schemes,
  • preservation of the original nature of the Arctic,
  • inclusion in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List of Unique Russian Natural Objects,
  • promote the solution of environmental problems of the unique Lake Baikal and its natural territory,
  • solving climate change problem,
  • Ecode is an environmentally friendly home.

IN Greenpeace Russia Researchers, spokesperson, lawyers, activists and specialists in various fields of knowledge are working. In the state of about 80 people.

Russian green cross

Green Cross - non-governmental public organization, member of the International Association "Green Cross", created in 1994. The green cross focuses on the implementation of measures for environmental protection, education from a wide range of the population of the ability to live and develop in accordance with the laws of nature, maintaining it for descendants with the same resource potential that humanity speaks today. The slogan of the Russian Green Cross - a compromise instead of confrontation - complies with the principles of civil society in which environmental problems are solved from the standpoint of partnership and good neighborliness.

The activity of the Green Cross is carried out on a software basis:

  • "Heritage" - the safe destruction of chemical weapons accumulated in Russia, as well as eliminating the damage to the environment and the population inflicted during the arms race.
  • SOCMED is the development of projects related both to ensuring and restoring public health and involvement of people directly into the decision-making process in relation to their placements.
  • "Environmental education in the interests of sustainable development" - educational activities.
  • Educated in 2006 the program on environmental agriculture.
  • "Renewable energy"
  • "Pure water"
  • "YOUTH FOR NATURE"
  • "Ecology of Moscow and Youth Environmental Policy in Action" (2009)
  • Russian youth forum
  • "Ecology of Russia and Youth Environmental Policy" (2010)

All-Russian Public Ecological Organization "Plantain"

All-Russian Public Environmental Organization "Plantain"created on December 17, 2005. The constituent conference was carried out in Yekaterinburg. He has offices in 45 subjects of the federation. Leader of movement: Yu.A. Raptanov - Chairman of the Supreme Council, S.E. Zhuravlev - Member of the Supreme Council.

The statutory goals of the organization are:

- creation of conditions for increasing the life of the Russian man;
- implementation of the constitutional law of citizens of the Russian Federation for a favorable environment;
- rational use and protection of the entire complex of natural resources, as well as the preservation of biological diversity;
- organization and conduct of public environmental expertise.

In a number of local slogans, there are traditional for environmental movements:

  • for the preservation of sources and improving the quality of drinking water supply of the population;
  • for the organization of industries for the processing of solid household waste;
  • for the speedy transition to the Euro-4 standard, the gradual translation of cars to the new standard;
  • for the re-equipment and closure of technically obsolete environmentally friendly industries.

The Environmental Organization "Planting" is ready to cooperate on a basis for all who shares its ideology and goals.

The asset of the organization amounted to environmental specialists, environmentally economists, representatives of various environmental structures, experts on the technologies of interaction and influence on social masses, which allows to solve the widest range of environmental problems, ranging from the organization of elementary protest shares to complicated technical and economic experts, sales Complex long-term environmental projects.

  • promoting the formation and implementation of effective legal mechanisms for regulating environmental protection,
  • ensuring environmental safety, rational environmental management and sustainable development.

    • Main activities:

    • collection, systematization and analysis of regulatory acts in the field of environmental protection and environmental management,
    • development and examination of regulatory legal acts,
    • studying and analyzing judicial and prosecutorial practices for the protection of public environmental interests, the dissemination of environmental and legal culture and the experience of the right to use.

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    Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

    Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education

    Irkutsk State University

    Geographical faculty

    Department of Hydrology and Natural Management

    International Environmental Protection Organizations

    Rusin Andrey Viktorovich

    Irkutsk 2017.

    Introduction

    International environmental organizations play a huge role at this stage of the development of society. Their creation was caused by catastrophic changes in the environment, they were called upon to protect nature and, essentially, to save the person himself. They allow us to combine the environmental activities of all interested states, regardless of their political positions, in a certain way, decaying environmental issues from the entire totality of political, economic and other international problems.

    1. World Nature Protection Fund

    The World Wildlife Fund is an international public organization working in areas concerning the conservation, research and restoration of the environment. This is the world's largest independent environmental organization with more than 5 million supporters all over the world operating in more than 100 countries supporting about 1,300 environmental projects throughout the world.

    The World Wildlife Foundation Mission is to prevent the growing degradation of the natural environment of the planet and the achievement of human and nature harmony. The main goal is to preserve the biological diversity of the Earth.

    The organization carries out activities in many directions. WWF is engaged in the development and maintenance of protected, park areas, the protection of rare animal and plant species, develops world and regional environmental legislation. In addition, representatives of the World Wildlife Foundation create economic mechanisms to preserve biological diversity and maintain environmental education.

    The Foundation is engaged in the protection of individual species of flora and fauna, which threatens the disappearance, water, air, soil protection, and individual landscapes. Over the years of his work, more than two thousand projects were carried out: to save tigers from the destruction, the protection of seas from pollution, the salvation of tropical forests, etc. Foundation figures formulated the tasks of governments of different countries in protecting nature.

    WWF "Live Planet" report comes out every two years. It is called one of the most cited and authoritative sources of information on the environmental setting on the planet. Development of the report are engaged in scientists from the London Zoological Society and the World Environmental Trail Network. The report determines the health of the planet in several indicators: the state of animal populations, the use of natural resources by humanity, the use of renewable energy and resources, the amount of fresh water consumed during production and so on.

    In the Russian Federation, the Representative Office of the Foundation was opened in 1994, although since 1988 the first projects began in our country.

    The most important WWF programs in Russia are forest, maritime and climate program. The purpose of the first of them is the protection of biological diversity in the forests of Russia. Sea is aimed at protecting wildlife and reasonable use of the resources of the seas. And climatic implies work in order to prevent climate change.

    2. International Union of Nature Protection

    The International Union of Nature Protection is an international non-profit organization engaged in coverage of the problems of preserving the biodiversity of the planet presents news, congresses passing in different countries, lists of species in need of special protection in different regions of the planet. The organization has observer status under the UN General Assembly.

    The organization was founded in 1948 on the initiative of UNESCO, her headquarters is located in Glade (Switzerland). The Union unites 82 states (including the Russian Federation represented by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology), 111 government agencies, more than 800 non-governmental organizations and about 10,000 scientists and experts from 181 countries of the world.

    The Union, except for its member organizations, includes 6 scientific commissions and professional secretariat.

    The main mission of the IUCN is the implementation of effective assistance to environmental motion in the preservation of the uniqueness, integrity and characteristics of various natural complexes; and ensuring the legitimate and reasonable consumption of natural resources that does not violate the environmental sustainability of the planet as a whole.

    The main objectives of creating IUCN are:

    * Fighting the disappearance of species and a decrease in biological diversity;

    * preservation of existing ecosystems in integrity;

    * Observation of reasonable use of resources.

    Implementing the international conventions adopted, IUCs helps to various countries in the design and application of national strategies, environmental protection measures and plans.

    The activities of the Association are carried out in six areas within the framework of the commissions:

    * For survival of species. This commission leads red lists, develops recommendations for the preservation of endangered species and applies them in practice.

    * On environmental law. He contributes to the promotion and adoption of environmental laws, the development of modern mechanisms for the jurisprudence in environmental purposes.

    * On environmental, economic and social policy. Provides qualified expert assistance in solving political issues adopted in accordance with regional socio-economic factors.

    * By education and communications. Develops strategies for using communications in order to save and sustainable resource consumption.

    * On ecosystem management. Assesses the management of natural (natural) and artificially created ecosystems.

    * World Commission on PAs.

    3. International Association "Green Cross"

    International Environmental Organization, founded by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1993 after a conference in Rio de Janeiro. The headquarters of the International Green Cross is located in Geneva, and branches are available in 30 countries. Objectives of the creation of an international green cross: adoption of measures aimed at ensuring a sustainable and safe future of the planet, environmental education, education of liability for the consequences of the influence of civilization on the environment. The International Green Cross carries out scientific and practical activities to solve a wide range of environmental problems and uses various forms and methods of working to attract the population to direct participation in overcoming the harmful effects on the nature of human economic activity.

    In particular, the organization is engaged in the following activities:

    · Prevention and resolution of conflicts arising from the deterioration of the environmental situation;

    · Assisting people affected by the environmental consequences of hostilities and conflicts;

    · Development of legal and ethical standards in order to create an environmentally friendly world.

    In the Russian green movement, the Green Cross stands for a partnership with public organizations and movements, with power structures in the center and on the ground, with departments and business circles, with all those who contribute to environmental protection. Relying on constructive oriented environmental organizations, the cross actively operates in the Union of Public Associations of the Russian Environment Congress, being essentially its main link.

    In 1972, the UN General Assembly approved a resolution called "Organizational and Financial Events on Environmental Cooperation", which established a program to contribute to the coordination of nature conservation at a system-wide level. It is called UNEP (Abbreviation from United Nations Environment Programme) and annually provides detailed reports on their work. The UNEP Management Board includes representatives of 58 countries, which in turn are elected by the General Assembly for a period of four years. Every year the Council is going to discuss the main issues of international cooperation in the environmental field. All cases of UNEP are headed by the Executive Director, while ensuring the preparation of the next session of the Council.

    UNEP headquarters is located in Nairobi, Kenya. The UNEP also has six major regional offices and offices in various countries.

    UNEP is responsible for the permission of all environmentally related issues at the global and regional level.

    UNEP activities include various projects in the field of the atmosphere of land, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The program also plays a significant role in the development of international conventions in the field of environmental and environmental protection. UNEP often cooperates with states and non-governmental international organizations, and also often sponsors and promotes the implementation (actual implementation of international obligations at the domestic level) related to environmental projects.

    UNEP work is maintained in the seven of the following areas:

    · Early warning and assessment of conflicts;

    · Implementation of environmental policy;

    · Technology, production and economics;

    · Regional cooperation;

    · Environmental law and convention;

    · Environmental protection at the global level;

    · Communications and public information.

    UNEP also publishes a large number of reports, reports and newsletters. For example, the fourth Global Environmental Initiative (GEI-4) is a good example of a report on ecology, development and human well-being and provides analytical material and information for politicians and all interested public. One of the main ideas of GEI-4 - to warn mankind that it "lives not by means." The report notes that humanity is so great that the amount of resources required for survival exceeds the number of available. Ecological imperative (the amount of land necessary to provide the products of one person) is 21.9 hectares, while the biological possibilities of the Earth constitute an average of 15.7 hectares per person.

    5. International Socio-Ecological Union

    The International Socio-Ecological Union is an international environmental organization, which includes more than 10 thousand people from different countries in Europe, North America and Asia.

    The socio-ecological union arose in December 1988. Each of the members of the organization acts freely and independently in harmony with the charter of the Union, since it does not have a vertical structure of power. Coordinates the Environmental Organization The Council of Co-Chairs, who is elected at the Universal MSEEC Conference once every 3 years.

    The main idea of \u200b\u200bcreating MSOES is to collect people who are interested in conservation of nature. The International Socio-Ecological Union unites collective and individual members who persecute one goal - to preserve the diversity of nature and the culture of the Earth.

    The socio-ecological union is widely activities. Among the organization's programs - "for the environmental safety of rocket and space activities", "Public and Impact Assessment", "Ecology and Health of Children", "Environmental Education", "Ecology of the XXI Century", Anti-Nuclear Campaign, Campaign "For Biosafety" and "Nuclear and radiation safety. "

    The environmental association is the founders of such organizations as a wildlife protection center, an independent environmental rating agency, the center of nuclear ecology and energy policies, etc.

    With the help of expert potential and broad thematic and geographical coverage of activities, MSOES employees are able to effectively influence different processes and contribute to the emergence of various public initiatives.

    To date, thanks to the activities of the participants of the environmental organization, it was possible to preserve the unique natural areas: several reserves, natural parks, reserves and monuments of nature were created, work on the restoration of violated ecosystems continues.

    Uspekhi MSOPS also conclude in the preservation and development of civil environmental movement, the implementation of the projects of comfort and environmentally friendly housing, the initiation and development of the "Oak Eurasia" program to restore large forests, tightening and improving the legislation on biological safety, participation in the creation of the Earth forest monitoring system based on space.

    6. All-Russian Nature Conservation Society

    The All-Russian Nature Conservation Society is a public environmental organization, which was founded in Russia on November 29, 1924.

    One of the main tasks of the ISPO is to promote a favorable environmental and social situation in the country and the region. The purpose of the Company is to preserve the environment, maintaining the variety of flora and fauna, as well as the preservation and promotion of public health. Active members of society and outstanding figures are awarded by the sign of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Nature "for the protection of the nature of Russia."

    At the initial stage of the existence of society, the main issues of their tasks were to develop scientific issues of preserving and restoring natural stocks and participation in the practical work of the state of nature conservation among the population. In these main areas and the development of society later went.

    The VOP has organizations throughout the Russian Federation and unites in their ranks of scientists and specialists from various business industries.

    The environmental organization entered the history of the country as a significant social movement, aimed at a healthy and favorable environment and to this day contributes to the protection and reasonable use of natural wealth.

    To date, society continues to successfully function and strengthen cooperation with territorial committees for the protection of natural resources and the environment, public and government organizations, with local authorities, with which the regular exchange of information occurs, joint environmental activities are held.

    Nature Conservation Society is one of the participants in the Coordination Council of Public Organizations of Russia, the founder of the Russian organization "Green Cross", a participant in a round table of public environmental organizations, an environmental congress. The VOP is also among the associations of the Russian environmental movement (RED). Since 1960, a member of the International Union of Nature Conservation. In 1984, the All-Russian Nature Society was noted by the Silver Environment Medal, within one of the UN programs.

    biodiversity Planet Environmental International

    7. Greenpeace

    "Greenpeace" is an international independent non-governmental environmental organization established in 1971 in Canada.

    Today, Greenpeace is an international organization whose goal is to maintain nature and peace on Earth. In the field of view of the organization there are problems such as global climate change, reduction of forest area from tropics to the Arctic and Antarctic, excessive fishing, commercial whaling, radiation danger, the development of renewable energy and resource saving, environmental pollution with hazardous chemicals, sustainable rural Economy, preservation of the Arctic.

    In accordance with the annual report for 2015, Greenpeace has more than 42 million online supporters worldwide, 36 thousand active volunteers and 3.3 million people support the work of the organization with personal donations.

    Greenpeace uses direct actions (shares and protests), lobbying and research to achieve their goals.

    Greenpeace exists only for donations of private charitable funds and citizens. The Greenpeace participants do not take funds from commercial, government agencies and political parties. As a method, to achieve goals, an independent organization does not accept the form of violence. All shares organized by the Greenpeace activists - the expression of a peaceful protest.

    Greenpeace has several activities called campaigns or programs. As of 2015, the following were operating:

    · Climate and energy: Greenpeace recognizes the responsibility of mankind for global climate change. In this regard, the organization considers it necessary to fully develop renewable energy sources and energy saving programs. Greenpeace also advocates gradual refusal to fossil fuels, including nuclear.

    · Detox: Greenpeace seeks to stop using hazardous chemicals in the production of various consumer goods. Greenpeace requires fashionable brands to abandon the use of hazardous chemicals in the production of clothing by 2020.

    · Food for life: Greenpeace advocates a sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture, far from the principles of globalization and monoculture, limiting the use of hazardous chemicals and transgenic products.

    · Forests: Greenpeace seeks to stop the catastrophic process of forest disappearance by 2020.

    · Oceans: Greenpeace seeks stopping the pollution of oceans with hazardous substances and fights from barbaric mining of sea bioresources. An organization's experts believe that about 40% of the world's ocean must be taken under international security.

    · Save the Arctic: Greenpeace requires cessation of oil production and exhaustive fisheries in the Arctic Ocean, stands for the creation of an internationally protected area in international waters around the North Pole.

    · Peace and disarmament: Greenpeace seeks to cease military conflicts and eliminate nuclear weapons. Within the framework of this activity, work on the problems of refugees from the zones of military conflict.

    List of sources used

    1. The site of the Russian WWF branch. (Reference date 15.10.2017).

    2. International Union for the Protection of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). (Reference date 15.10.2017).

    3. International 3-crested cross. (Reference date 15.10.2017).

    4. UN Program on Environment. (Reference date 15.10.2017).

    5. International Socio-Ecological Union. (Reference date 15.10.2017).

    6 All-Russian Nature Conservation Society. (Reference date 15.10.2017).

    7. The official website of Greenpeace Russia. (Reference date 15.10.2017).

    Posted on Allbest.ru.

    ...

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