Graduation from school marks the beginning of a new stage of life for many graduates - admission to the future of the child largely depends on the choice of an educational institution, and therefore it must be done consciously. And the first thing you should pay attention to is not the reviews or the reputation of the university, but the correspondence of the chosen direction of training to the profile of the institution.

The direction of training at a university - what is it?

Surprisingly, when deciding on a place to receive higher education, it is important to focus on professional programs. The profile of the institution determines the presence of certain disciplines in accordance with Before applying for admission to the chosen university, you must first familiarize yourself with its educational program.

So what does the direction of training mean? For the implementation of the fundamental curricula, the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia approved standards, therefore, for each level of higher education, there is now its own Federal State Educational Standard. Accordingly, it is unacceptable to conduct training on a bachelor's or specialist's degree according to the standards of a master's or graduate school. Thus, our country guarantees the functionality of the created system of professional personnel of various profiles and specializations, which the national economy and the business sector need.

Interrelation of FSES and specialties

Each FSES provides for dozens of consolidated areas of training, which, in turn, include several specialties. For example, 11.00.00 "Electronics, communication systems and radio engineering" is a basic consolidated direction with specialties:

  • 03/11/01 "Radio Engineering".
  • 03/11/02 "Nanoelectronics".
  • 03/11/03 "Design of Electronic Means".
  • 11.03.04 "Communication and infocommunication systems".

Profiles of directions and specializations at universities

Further, we should name the division into profiles according to the direction of education provided for by federal standards. At the same time, everyone has the right to create unique education profiles in the appropriate order and approve them in the Ministry.

For example, the profiles of the specialty 01.03.04 "Applied Mathematics" can be offered at the university as follows:

  • Providing mathematical and algorithmic systems and information technologies.
  • Mathematical technique in information technology.
  • Applied Informatics in Chemistry.
  • Modeling and mathematical methods in economics.
  • Artificial Intelligent Systems Provision and Programming.

What is the difference between a profile and directions and specialties?

As already mentioned, the choice of the direction of training and specialty must be approached responsibly. Despite the general blocks of fundamental disciplines included in the educational program of profiles of a specific specialization, each of them has unique subjects that take into account the specifics of the graduate's profession in the future. That is why, getting acquainted with the list of areas of training, applicants should know that they can all include dozens of profiles. For clarity, as an example, we should consider the specialty "Construction", which suggests options for professions in areas of construction that have nothing in common:

  • "Construction of hydraulic structures".
  • "Construction of industrial buildings".
  • "Construction of hydroelectric power plants and pumping stations."
  • "Urban construction and economy".
  • Real Estate Expertise and Management.
  • "Construction of highways and construction of airfields".
  • "Ventilation and engineering systems".
  • "Construction and Computer Simulation".

How to choose the right future profession?

Thus, it is necessary to get acquainted with the educational program long before submitting documents to the university. After getting an idea of ​​the professional block of curriculum disciplines, it is easy to guess which profession the graduate of the institution will become.

At this stage, it is important not to be mistaken with the direction of training and the profile, respectively. Often illegible applicants are often confused by the fact that specialties have almost identical names, despite the cardinal differences in the blocks of professional disciplines. As a result, students acquire knowledge that does not correspond to their initial aspirations and plans, which means that upon leaving the university they receive unequal opportunities for successful career growth.

Where can I find information about profiles and specialties in an educational institution?

The list of areas of study and specialties can be found on the official website of almost any university, however, it is unlikely that it will be possible to quickly find profiles and corresponding educational programs. The thing is that by statutory documents institutions are obliged to publish data on the quotas of budgetary and contractual places in a particular specialty. The university may not detail professional programs related to each area. At the same time, most educational institutions with a transparent reputation do not hide education profiles and indicate them in the "Admissions Committee" section.

This information may be contained in another section of the site. Often information about profiles is present in the description of the university itself, its structure. But if the list of areas of training and specialties of higher professional education is open and accessible to every visitor of the site, then information about the profiles is often deliberately hidden from applicants. The reason for this may be the unpopularity and lack of demand for a certain educational program in comparison with a specialty that sounds more prestigious and attractive for applicants. Such an unscrupulous step is undoubtedly beneficial to the university.

The main differences between the specialty and the profile direction

By the way, in the context of the above, it is worth noting that the majority of applicants do not see any fundamental differences in the concepts of “direction” and “specialty” itself. In fact, these two terms do not have so much in common. The main difference lies in the difference in the periods of study. In accordance with the knowledge in the areas, bachelors and masters are obtained for four and two years, respectively. Rather, it is a question of a form of study that meets European standards and provides students with the widest range of opportunities for building a personal learning plan. Thus, by the end of the bachelor's degree, students become holders of higher education diplomas, which allows them to officially find a job.

But for those graduates who would like to continue their studies to improve their qualifications or change their professional direction, there is a master's degree. Upon graduation, a graduate can become the owner of two professions and two diplomas of higher education.

How not to make a mistake when applying for a specific specialty?

When choosing a specialization and profile, only attentiveness and caution will save the applicant from making a mistake. In order to increase income, unscrupulous educational institutions sometimes include in the list of professional programs profiles that do not correspond to their general specialization.

The most common and profitable from the point of view of the commercial system for the provision of educational services are the profiles "Design", "Economics", "Management", "Jurisprudence", and therefore when entering a university for which these specialties are not core, one should not lose vigilance and to be on the alert - it is likely that this educational organization aims to improve the financial situation.

As a rule, universities that train technologists or biologists, builders and engineers do not recruit students for areas of training that are fundamentally different from the basic ones.

The main signs that the direction does not correspond to the profile of the university

Of course, there are exceptions to all the rules, but in order not to fall for a deception, it is advisable to conduct a serious analysis of the institution before submitting the documents. Particular attention should be paid to the following points:

  • there are no budget places on the selected profile;
  • the number of contract places significantly prevails over other specializations;
  • a completely unique name of the profile, which is not found in other universities (this can, of course, be a sign of a unique training program at a specialized university, but it can also carry another goal - to replace the usual content with an unusual name in order to stand out from the background).

For the most part, higher education institutions have a balance of contract and free places for a particular specialty. High-demand universities have more budget-funded places for students than paid ones. The prevalence of contract places for programs over free ones is a reason for additional collection of information on the account of the quality of educational services provided in this organization.

How important is the right choice of a professional direction and specialty?

After reviewing the list of specialties and areas of preparation for higher education, remember that a university is not only a place for students to study. Each university can be called a place for the accumulation of knowledge, the development of a scientific school and the formation of new ideas about scientific and technological progress, culture and art. However, it is impossible to concentrate forces in all directions at the same time.

The activities of institutes, academies and universities, proven for decades, are based on their core profile. When deciding to enter a non-core educational institution, a potential student is seriously at risk of receiving an education of an insufficiently high level. The right choice of a professional program and specialty is a chance to make your dream come true and become what you have wanted since your school days.

An article that reveals in detail the structure of the Federal State Educational Standard, and also tells what a specialty is, a profile at a university. How to choose the right profile, how not to fall for the trick of cunning universities. Required Reading

Now let's look at an extremely important issue related to the understanding of the higher education system among applicants as a whole. We can say that not with understanding, but its widespread absence. This needs to be corrected. Everything that is written below is absolutely important to understand.

The knowledge of the information below directly depends on how well you choose a university and enroll. And admission is one of the most important steps of a person in the first 18-19 years of life.

The structure of the Federal State Educational Standard: enlarged direction-specialty-profile

What is a specialty at a university? The very "specialties" that you can find on our website are those approved by the Ministry of Defense Federal State Educational Standards (FSES)... The system has developed in such a way that for all levels of education, namely: bachelor's, specialty, master's, postgraduate studies, residency with doctors and others, there is a list of specialties.

If you look at this as a whole, then the higher education system, for all its shortcomings, is nominally competently organized: the list of specialties is drawn up in such a way as to give each sphere of state life, if I may say so, its own specialists. In theory, all spheres each year are replenished with qualified graduates who begin their professional activities in them.

Relatively speaking, the FSES has 3 levels of nesting... Let us show you the essence of this structure using an example that is most common in universities. For bachelor's degree in Russian universities there are 54 enlarged areas and 151 specialties.

First- enlarged directions. For example, let's take an enlarged direction. It includes specialties (or directions):

  • Architecture
  • Urban planning
  • Design of Architectural Environment
  • Reconstruction and restoration of architectural heritage

This list is just second nesting level. Each specialty provides a curriculum from a certain set of disciplines (subjects of study). If something is called "specialty" on our website, then these are just these from the list above.

Third level - profiles, the most important in the context of choosing a place of study. Universities can, after agreement with the Ministry of Education, teach a narrower specialization in certain specialties.

For example: you want to design. It is quite logical that you are looking for a specialty "Design" on our website, or on the website of the university. But there is one BUT: profiles or narrower specializations that are implemented in a particular university.

Let's take 2 applicants, the first one wants to be a web-designer, the second one - an interior designer. Both chose university N, which has a specialty in Design. They submit documents and after enrollment it turns out that in this university, specializing in “Design”, the profile “Costume Design” is being implemented. Yes, each specialty provides for the study of the main disciplines, but in this example, both applicants will find themselves at a broken trough, since the profile program does not provide for point training in either one or the other. And the applicant has a big problem, which after admission is extremely difficult to solve. It is much easier to take care of this in advance before admission.

Remember that, for example, the specialty "Jurisprudence" has a huge number of profiles:

  • administrative legal
  • state-legal
  • civil law
  • criminal and other

And depending on your plans for the future, you should choose those universities that have the desired profile. And not all universities teach for each of the profiles. Here you have to choose.

Not all universities in a prominent place on their website indicate information about which training profiles are implemented in a particular specialty. Therefore, it is often difficult to understand what exactly will be taught before admission. Some universities do this on purpose. For what it is and how to avoid it, I will write further.

Initially, when designing the site, we went a slightly wrong path and indicated profiles as a text field in specialties, without disclosing their curricula and other things. At the moment, we are transferring all data from universities to a new structure, disclosing all profiles, their curricula. There are already many places where the new structure has been introduced, use it to your health.

Now on our website we post information about specialties and detailed information about the profiles in them. If you know in which profiles a specific university is teaching, you will be sure that you will go where you need to and will not waste the most important years in your life.

How to choose a profile of study at a university

You can use the website of the university or ours. On our site, profiles are either called “profiles” or “programs”. On the pages of universities in the "Programs" tab, you can see the profiles of this university. In the program section of the menu above, all profiles for all universities with convenient filtering.

Universities do not always post information and even less often place it in a convenient form.

As a rule, the information is located in the sections "Applicants" or "Admissions Committee". Go to the lists of programs, specialties. There are universities that approach filling the site with responsibility, but, unfortunately, such a minority. If anything, you can always look at our website.

The dark side of universities: how you can be fooled with preparation profiles

The law obliges universities to post information on their website on certain points:

  • on the date of creation of the educational organization, on the founder, founders of the educational organization, on the location of the educational organization and its branches (if any), mode, working hours, contact numbers and e-mail addresses;
  • on the educational programs being implemented, indicating academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practices, provided for by the corresponding educational program;
  • on the directions and results of scientific (research) activities and the research base for its implementation (for educational institutions of higher education, organizations of additional professional education);
  • Etc

Some universities take advantage of a loophole and do not post profile information. This is done either through an oversight and unnecessary site, or on purpose to hide the profiles and attract as many applicants as possible. Be careful when applying for popular majors (Management, Economics, Advertising and Public Relations, etc.). A number of universities may specifically hide profiles in order to attract you even to the profile that does not suit you.

I hope that you have read this article to the end and that it was useful to you. Going to college is an incredibly important stage in life. And now you are a little better prepared for it.

We continue the cycle of interviews with experts from various fields of jurisprudence and economics who are ready to help students go through the difficult path of choosing a professional profile.

This time, she volunteered to help students Ph.D., associate professor, head. Marina Anatolyevna Shtatina, Chair of Administrative Law, Russian State University of Justice. She spoke about one of the profiles in demand on the labor market - in the field of administrative and legal regulation.

ConsultantPlus: Please tell us how students at your university choose a department, which, as we understand it, determines the choice of a profile? How much time are they given to think and make a decision? Do departments provide assistance to students in choosing a specialization and what does this help consist of?

Shtatina Marina Anatolyevna: At the Russian State University of Justice, students choose one of three profiles - state law, civil law or criminal law. A deeper study of administrative law and disciplines related to administrative and legal regulation is carried out, first of all, on the state legal profile. However, other students continue to study the norms and institutions of administrative law. So, on the civil law profile, the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation, a number of administrative procedures (for example, on state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs) and administrative contracts are studied, and on the criminal law profile the issues of differentiating crimes and administrative offenses are clarified. This approach fully reflects the features of modern administrative law, which actively interacts with other legal branches and is inextricably linked with the daily life of society and every person.

Students choose a profile in the first semester of their second year, but may change their minds during the second year. The study of specialized (variable) disciplines at our university begins from the second semester of the third year.

Both teachers and employees of the dean's office help students choose a profile - they never refuse advice on issues of interest to students. At the same time, both general consultations for the entire course and individual conversations with any student who applied to the department are carried out. The widespread conferences and round tables on various problems of the development of science and law enforcement practice contribute to the correct (and for each student it is his own) choice.

ConsultantPlus: Is there a "voluntariness" in the choice of the department? If the majority of students express a desire to specialize in one department, is the administration taking any steps in this case?

Shtatina Marina Anatolyevna: Full-time law students enrolled in the bachelor's program have to choose from only three profiles, so there have been no problems with the formation of groups yet, and the principle of voluntariness is strictly observed. At the same time, several groups of students can be recruited for one profile, depending on the number of applications submitted. However, local acts establish a rule that in the absence of the minimum required number of students who have expressed a desire to choose variable disciplines of one profile, it will not open.

ConsultantPlus: What do you think students should be guided by when choosing a profile? What should they pay attention to first of all: their interest in a particular area of ​​law, its popularity or prospects?

Shtatina Marina Anatolyevna: When choosing a profile, you should consider each of the factors you specify. But, in my opinion, the most important thing is that the student likes the subjects that he will have to study additionally. A bachelor's profile is not a specialty or even a specialization in which specialists are trained. The main purpose of the profile is not so much to gain knowledge as to deepen it and develop skills for its application, including by transforming theoretical knowledge into legal and reasonable decisions that are permissible and appropriate in certain situations. The profile does not limit the student, but develops him, helping to acquire the skills necessary in any professional activity of a lawyer. The optimal solution to these problems is possible only with the student's personal interest.

But it also happens that a student does not have pronounced professional interests and preferences. In this case, you need to try to determine which types of legal activity associated with a particular profile are consonant with aspirations, value orientations, as well as personal characteristics, including the student's temperament. So, the study of administrative law requires the study of a very large number of acts and documents, which, moreover, are constantly changing and supplemented. The in-depth study of administrative law will place students who are slow and not focused on overcoming difficulties in a position of choice: either to constantly experience discomfort, or to change and become more resilient and purposeful.

Least of all, I would recommend paying attention to the popularity of a particular profession or branch of knowledge. Many go to the popular sphere, as a result, huge competition is created there. If you become a unique specialist in this area, you can achieve success. But if you dreamed of a different field or, due to your personality traits, were inclined to other activities, then in a popular field that did not become close to you, rather fail.

Consultant Plus: What happens after a student chooses your department? What does this choice imply: in-depth study of some disciplines, writing a thesis, or doing something else?

Shtatina Marina Anatolyevna: The choice of a state-legal profile assumes that the student will study in depth constitutional, municipal and administrative law and such special disciplines as administrative procedures, administrative offenses, and migration law.

In our university, bachelors, unlike students enrolled in specialist programs, do not write their theses.

ConsultantPlus: What gives the student this choice in the future? Does the choice of a profile affect subsequent employment? Does this choice mean that the future specialist will only be able to work in this area? To what extent is a specialist in administrative law valued in Russia today in comparison with other legal specialists?

Shtatina Marina Anatolyevna: Once again, I want to emphasize that at present the choice of profile does not limit the student in any way, since when applying for a job, he has knowledge of the specialty (jurisprudence), and not the profile of study. However, competitive selection, practiced by many private organizations and in many cases compulsory when entering the public service, dictates the appropriate conditions.

Currently, many graduates strive to get into the civil service, and knowledge of administrative law is required there. All private organizations interact with government agencies and officials, therefore specialists who are ready for such professional interaction receive corresponding advantages. Recently, the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation was adopted and came into force, which also raised a number of questions for judicial practice. Currently, there are not enough administrative law specialists.

State and municipal employees must have an appropriate education and undergo vocational training or retraining related to public administration and administrative law. All ministries need specialists who are proficient in the technique of preparing legal acts of management.

ConsultantPlus: What character traits do you think a specialist who has chosen this profile should have? Who do you think is contraindicated to be a lawyer?

Shtatina Marina Anatolyevna: Persons who successfully deal with branches of public law have a special mindset, characterized by the ability to see general patterns, to highlight common interests.

ConsultantPlus: How do you feel about modern information technologies? Do you think an administrative lawyer needs to know legal reference systems? Why?

Shtatina Marina Anatolyevna: A lawyer specializing in the study of administrative law must constantly refer to the information contained in the reference legal systems. It is currently impossible to master or systematize the huge volume of legal regulation. In addition, administrative law is not limited by the letter of the law, but also studies its application by both the executive authorities and the courts.

ConsultantPlus: What advice would you give to your students and students from other universities who have opted for an administrative profile? What should they prepare for, what qualities of character to develop, whom to focus on in the profession, what disciplines should they pay special attention to in order to become a successful lawyer in the future?

Shtatina Marina Anatolyevna: For those who choose an in-depth study of administrative law and will prepare themselves for management activities, such qualities as sympathy and the desire to understand a person are very important. Since it is difficult to find such a branch of law that would change as rapidly as administrative law, I would wish everyone who chooses a state legal profile to develop the strength and flexibility of mind in order to be ready not only to respond to the challenges of the time, but to anticipate and shape them. ...

I sincerely wish all law students high goals, clear thoughts, firm character, and a positive attitude.