The history of the portrait Natalya Viktorovna Kochubei artist Kiprensky O.A. 1813

Portrait of Natalia Viktorovna Kochubei 1813 artist Kiprensky Orest Adamovich

O. A. Kiprensky

Portrait of N.V. Kochubei

(1801 - 1855)

1813, Italian pencil, watercolor on paper
State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg

Natalya Viktorovna Kochubei (1813) - daughter of V.P. Kochubei, Minister of Internal Affairs, member of the Secret Committee under Alexander I. When Kiprensky met her and wrote her, Natalya was still a teenager. Natalia was 13 years old.

Let us take a look at a leaf with faded colors that has turned yellow from time to time - and it is as if a living current of life will penetrate us. In these lungs. slightly careless strokes sparkling gaiety and freedom, clarity and open-mindedness of the look.

The girl does not pose, her lively mobile nature seems to be unnatural for any desire to take a frozen pose. How simply and naturally her head is turned - apparently she is addressing one of the interlocutors, in her gaze there is discontent, discontent of a teenager who still does not know how to hide his momentary feelings and impulses.

During Pushkin's studies at the Lyceum, her family spent the summer in Tsarskoe Selo. It is known that N.V. Kochubei visited the Lyceum, where Pushkin saw her. He dedicated her "Treason" and his other poems to her.

CHANGES
"Everything is over!
Rushed past
Love time.
Passion of torment!
In the gloom of oblivion
You hid. ..... "

Pushkin was carried away by her, but after the lyceum years they did not meet often

Natalia Kochubei
The well-known Pushkin scholar Yevgeny Ryabtsev, in his book "113 Pushkin's Ladies: Unknown Facts of the Poet's Personal Life", believes that the proud secular beauty Natalya Kochubei became the first serious romantic passion in the life of young Alexander. Many Pushkin scholars consider it to be the poet's "hidden love", encoded in his "Don Juan" list under the initials N N. Apparently, the poet was passionately in love with a young charming woman and was very worried when she married Count Stroganov in 1818, a representative of one from the most influential and richest families of the Russian Empire. Natalya Kochubei aroused strong, passionate love in Pushkin, but at the same time she remained cold and indifferent. She did not even flirt with him, but simply rejected his feelings. According to Yevgeny Ryabtsev, Pushkin's poems "Prisoner of the Caucasus", "Poltava" and "Fountain of Bakhchisarai", some stanzas of the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" are associated with the memories of Natalya Kochubey.

Kochubei Natalia Viktorovna (1800-1854)

In the surviving "Autobiography Program" under 1813, Pushkin wrote: "Countess Kochubey. Death of Malinovsky ..." ministers. According to M. A. Korf, she was "Pushkin's first object of love," an early passion for the young poet.

The acquaintance and meetings of Pushkin with Kochubya refer to the first years of his stay at the Lyceum, when she lived with her parents in Tsarskoe Selo. The poet's feeling for the young Kochubey, apparently, was reflected in the poems "Treason" (1815) and "Intoxicated with Remembrance" (1819). In 1820 Kochubey married Count A.G. Stroganov. Her meetings with Pushkin became rather rare and belong to the last decade of the poet's life. They met in the St. Petersburg secular society, and, by his own admission, Pushkin used the living nature of Kochubey to depict Tatyana in the eighth chapter of Eugene Onegin (1829-1830).

She was unhurried, Not cold, not talkative, Without an insolent gaze for everyone, Without claims to success ...

In the last years of his life, Pushkin met with Kochubya at the Karamzins', where she was a regular visitor, and at other mutual acquaintances. Soon after the poet's death, when Petersburg society was divided into defenders and enemies of Pushkin, Kochubei-Stroganova spoke "with great fervor" in defense of the poet. The image of Kochubey was reflected in the plans of the novel "Russian Pelam" (1834-1835). The unrealized plan was supposed to give a broad picture of Petersburg society in the 1820s, and Kochubey was to be one of the representatives of the big world.

Raising children is a risky business. For in case of success, the latter was acquired at the cost of great work and care, in case of failure, grief is incomparable with any other.

Democritus

Welcome to the senior educator's page, here you can find consultations for teachers and parents, seminars, round tables, recommendations and reminders on portfolio design, etc.

About myself

I work as a deputy head for BMR in MBDOU MO Krasnodar "Combined Kindergarten No. 105"

Education:

1. Smolensk Pedagogical College,qualification: educator of preschool children in the specialty "Preschool education", 1998.

2. North Ossetian State Pedagogical Institute, qualification: Organizer-methodologist of preschool education, 2013

3. GBOUDPO KK KKIDPPO, qualification: Management in education, 2014.

Additional education:

from 14.09.2014 until 24.05.2015 completed a short-term training at the Institute for Advanced Studies and Retraining of Public Education Workers of the Moscow Region, on the topic "Modern technologies for improving the professional competence of a preschool teacher."

Pedagogical experience: 17 years.

Books that have shaped my inner world

I love books about health and healthy lifestyle.

"Health. Healthy lifestyle ”- these words sound more and more often and make you think about what needs to be done, or maybe, on the contrary, not to do in order to strengthen your health. After all, sometimes we lack basic knowledge. And popular wisdom says: "He who is forewarned is armed."

I re-read classical literature and understand it in a new way.

Classical literature make up foundation the cultural potential of the student, are a prerequisite for his general development and spiritual maturity.

My view of the world

You are the main designer of your life, whether you understand it or not.

Our children will never be the same as us. Most of our children have babysitters and do not go to kindergartens. They never walk outside after school with friends and classmates with the apartment key around their necks. Because, firstly, it is scary to let the child go into the yard, and secondly, an alternative has appeared at home - computer games and game consoles.

In recent years, the children's infrastructure has greatly developed - studios, circles, developing children's centers. Lots of activities for every taste. We - children could only dream of this. Maximum - went to the sports section or music school. Today, already for a nine-month-old baby, you can find developmental activities, and babies are taught to swim from birth.

Our children have much more opportunities!

My achievements

The successes and achievements of my children and pupils.

My portfolio

Preschool childhood is a period of intensive growth and development of the body and its increased sensitivity to the influences of the natural and social environment, including the preventive and health-improving measures carried out in kindergarten. The effectiveness of these measures largely depends on how natural and adequate the conditions for a child's life in a preschool educational institution are to the laws of the formation of his body.

The conditions of the kindergarten must correspond to the age-related needs of the child's growth and development and ensure his harmonious development, education and upbringing.

One of the most important and powerful natural stimulators of the growth and development of a child in kindergarten is physical activity, which affects the formation of physiological systems of the body in accordance with natural laws, ensuring its vital activity and successful adaptation to the changing conditions of the modern world. Unfortunately, the lifestyle and health of modern preschoolers reflect the negative influences of the civilized world.

The main feature of the present time has become hypokinesia - low physical activity of children, which does not ensure the full development of physiological functions and the strengthening of the defenses of a growing organism.

In this regard, the main direction of the health-preserving activity of the kindergarten is the formation of the child's physical culture, his internal need for physical activity.

It is important to determine what kind of physical activity the child likes most and to provide him with the opportunity to engage in it in the conditions of the game physical culture and sports environment prepared for this.

The main principle of upbringing a healthy child in kindergarten is to ensure such a level of physical activity that takes into account the individual age characteristics of the organism, corresponds to its functional capabilities and determines the necessary and sufficient conditions for harmonious development.

Since ancient times, it was customary to draw beauties, whose portraits conquered the hearts and minds of millions for many years. Not spared the complexity of posing and very young Natasha. She is only twelve years old. But everything in her already speaks about the charm of her springtime, and about the mystery inherent in any, even a small woman, and about her solid character and knowing her worth.

Kiprensky O.A. taught a lesson of beauty this time to all beauties, depicting the muse of her generation, discovering her talent to inspire great works that have become known to many art lovers. Who is that girl? How does her beauty affect? What if she was my contemporary?

It seemed to me that Natasha Kochubey, judging by the portrait, was a rather serious young girl. Her head is gracefully turned away from the painter, it seems that she allows herself to paint, that's how regal she looks now. The eyes are also looking to the side, the cheeks are flushed with anger. Or do other feelings overwhelm her? Or was she very upset just before this very scene, or maybe she does not want to pose at all, which is why she is so unfriendly? What happened to her is unknown. But even in this state, she looks incredibly pretty.

It is known that in just a few years she will give others inspiration to create. Indeed, true beauty does not need additional embellishment. There is nothing expensive on it, and nothing exquisite surrounds it. Only a simple, fresh white dress, a blue scarf tied at the chest, modestly styled hair, and even the pose does not attract attention. But it is precisely this, natural, that it is most of all and good.

It's easy to imagine this girl in our time. Her beauty does not belong to one century. It is always relevant at all times. Someone like her can easily shine on the covers of fashion magazines in just a couple of years. And everyone will stop their eyes and understand that, without a doubt, the sweet and young creature is a real star, shining with sincerity and purity of poetry.

"This lyceum poem by Pushkin, according to researchers (in particular B. Tomashevsky), was dedicated to Natalya Viktorovna Kochubei, daughter of Count Viktor Pavlovich Kochubei, Minister of Internal Affairs under Alexander I. Young Natalya, together with her parents, spent the summer in Tsarskoe Selo in 1812 Nothing is known about this children's novel, and most likely, given the age of the chosen one and the young admirer, it was nothing more than a school hobby, and an unrequited one.

"Sweet Rose"

Everything was over!
Rushed past
Love time.
Passion of torment!
In the gloom of oblivion
You hid.
So I change
I tasted sweetness;
Proud Helena
I forgot the chains.

Heart, you are free!
Forget everything;
In this new share
Be happy.
Only in the spring
Young marshmallow
Captivated by the rose;
In a passionate youth
I was beautiful
Into the net is carried away.

No, I will not
Continue to sigh
I will forget passion;
Suffer completely!
Soon sorrow
The meeting is over.
Oh! is it for you
Young singer,
Elena's charm
Does it bloom like a rose? ..
May all the people
Seduced by her,
Following the dream
Rushing in a crowd;

In a peaceful home
In the ashes
In a simple bowl
I will become in humility
Scoop up oblivion
And - for friends
Frisky hand
Move the string
My harp. "

In a boring separation
This is how I dreamed
In sorrow, in torment
He delighted himself;
Kindled in my heart
Elena's image
Thought to destroy.
Last spring
Young Chloe
I decided to love.

Like a breeze
Chases a leaf
With a frisky wave
So incessantly
Fickle
I played with passion
Lilu, Temiru,
I adored everyone
Heart and lyre
Dedicated to everyone. -

What? - in vain
From a beautiful breast
I tore off my shawl.
Treason is in vain!
Elena's image
Burned in my heart!

Oh! come back,
The joy of the eyes
Cold, touching
My sadness. -
Calls in vain
Poor singer!
Not! Does not meet
The torment is over ...

So! To the grave
Sad, dull,
Look for the blood!
Forgotten by everyone
Entwined with a thorn
Drag the chains ...

The poet, without changing the style of his early anacreontic, sang Natalia Kochubei under the name of the beautiful Elena, raising the "young rose" over the host of all the young beauties glorified by him all with the same anacreontic names - Chloe, Leela, Temir. However, it is quite obvious that the poem reflects not a fleeting "seasonal" feeling, but a history of a long ("poetic" chronology spans at least two years) struggle with a passion for "proud Elena". Treason is recognized as a sterile cure for love, and the lyric hero feels doomed to loneliness to the grave. Perhaps the feeling was fueled by the fact that some other lyceum students, for example, Ivan Pushchin, were in love with Natalya Kochubey.

But the poetic chronology hardly corresponds to the real one, and the hobbies of Pushkin as a lyceum student replaced each other quite often, and sometimes coexisted. In any case, as one might suppose, the poet's feeling remained unrequited. But Pushkin remembered this young love of his, and when already in the 1830s he was sketching the program of his future autobiography, a note appeared in it: "Mr. Kochubey." In 1820, Natalya Kochubei married Count Alexander Grigorievich Stroganov, and Pushkin subsequently, especially in the 1830s, repeatedly met with Natalya Viktorovna both in her husband's house and in the house of Grigory Alexandrovich Stroganov, her father-in-law and cousin uncle Natalya Nikolaevna Pushkina ...

As you know, the Stroganov family played a largely unseemly role in the poet's pre-duel history. Idalia Poletika, the illegitimate daughter of Grigory Aleksandrovich Stroganov, was involved in the anti-Pushkin "party" and, according to many researchers, was actively involved in a conspiracy against the poet. Alexander Grigorievich Stroganov treated Pushkin with pronounced hostility. He was close to the court, invariably held important government posts, in particular, from 1834 he was the assistant minister of the interior. He outlived his wife a lot and died in 1891 at the age of 96. In the 1830s, Natalya Viktorovna became close to the Karamzin salon (here she was called "Countess Natalya"), where she also met with Pushkin. In the salon of the Karamzins, there was a lot of gossip about Pushkin's family affairs, and not always kindly. It is all the more important that in such an environment Natalya Viktorovna invariably took his side.

Unfortunately, little is still known about this period in the life of the Stroganov family, and in particular "Countess Natalia", and perhaps the archives contain many secrets and still unknown details that could shed light on the intrigues of which Pushkin. In the 1830s, Natalya Kochubei-Stroganova became one of the most brilliant Petersburg ladies. They fell in love with her, she, like Natalie Pushkina, shone at balls in the Anichkov Palace and was considered a recognized beauty. One of her inconsolable admirers was Nikolai Aleksandrovich Skalon, a friend of the Rosset brothers and an acquaintance of Pushkin. This is how Alexander Karamzin described her: "... she comes in shiny, beautiful, in some kind of devilish dress, with a devilish scarf and many other things, also devilishly sparkling." Countess Natalia "a special feeling associated with past worship. One evening in September 1836, Pushkin and his wife, Ekaterina Goncharova and Dantes were with the Karamzins.

“It was a pity to look at the figure of Pushkin, who stood opposite them, in the doorway, silent, pale and threatening,” writes Sophia Karamzina. “My God, how stupid it all is! When Countess Stroganova arrived, I asked Pushkin to go talk to her. was agreed, blushing (you know that she is one of his * relationships *, and, moreover, slavish), when suddenly I see - he suddenly stops and turns away with irritation. "Well, what then?" - "No, I won't go, there this count is already sitting. "-" What count? "- D" Antes, Gekren, or what! "

The new year 1837 was celebrated by the Pushkin spouses at the Vyazemskys. Among the guests was Natalya Kochubei-Stroganova. Dantes appeared with his fiancée Ekaterina Goncharova. Countess Natalya sensed the approaching catastrophe and told Princess V.F. After the death of Pushkin, in March 1837, A. N. Karamzin wrote to his brother: “You should not, however, think that the whole society was against Pushkin after his death: no, it’s just the Nesselrod circle and some others.

On the contrary, others, such as Countess Nat. (alia) Stroganova and Mrs. Naryshkina (Mar. (ia) Yakov. (levna) spoke in his favor with great fervor, which even caused several quarrels " still intrigues Pushkinists. This point of view was held by P. Huber. He was guided by the following arguments. In the well-known playful Don Juan list of Pushkin, the name Natalya appears three times, and the second time it is encrypted in the mysterious initials NN (under the first Natalya one should see the serf actress praised by him , under the third - Natalya Nikolaevna).

In the drafts of "Poltava" Maria Kochubei was first referred to as Natalia. In one of his letters to Pushkin, his friend N. Raevsky mentions a meeting with the parents of a certain "Natalia Kagulskaya", and P. Huber connects the nickname "Kagulskaya" with Pushkin's famous elegy of 1819:

Intoxicated with remembrance,
With awe and longing
I embrace your formidable marble,
Cahul is a haughty monument.
Not a brave feat of the Russians,
Not glory, gift to Catherine,
Not a Danube giant
I am inflamed now ...

This poem is about a monument erected in Tsarskoe Selo in honor of the victory of Count Rumyantsev over the Turks at Cahul. But it is quite obvious that this monument reminds the poet of some deeply personal event. Maybe some memorable meeting took place here? It should be noted that the Kochubeev family spent several years abroad and returned to Russia only in 1818. The return of Natalia could stir up youthful memories in Pushkin's soul. Who knows? ... P. Huber believed that it was Natalya Kochubei who could tell Pushkin the legend about the Bakhchisarai fountain (Pushkin designated the lady from whom he heard her with the initial K.). But in general, P. Huber's arguments did not seem to the researchers sufficiently solid, and his version did not find followers, although it took its place in the long discussions about the poet's "hidden love". Natalya Kochubei was considered as a prototype of Pushkin's Tatyana (along with many others).

The corresponding litter is still in the draft notes of P.V. Annenkov. It was, of course, about Tatiana, "the unapproachable goddess of the magnificent royal Neva" (Chapter 8, stanzas XIV-XVI). Natalya Kochubei, being the daughter of one of the top officials of the state, could not in any way remind the savage Tatyana, who had grown up "in a deaf, distant side." However, in the first case, one can hardly see any pronounced similarity between Pushkin's Tatyana and "Countess Natalia".

According to the Karamzins, she was very flirtatious, and Alexander Nikolayevich Karamzin in 1837 directly complained in a letter to his brother Andrey about her "persecution": Since then it has only grown and blossomed more! We were inimitable: I - with my shoots, she - with my persecutions, forcing me to dance long dances with her, arranging scenes of jealousy for me and pestering me tender reproaches for my indifference, while I pretended to understand nothing of what she was telling me, and kept asking for an explanation of her hints ...
Be that as it may, but the former beauty Countess, it seems to me, abandoned her plans for me and is content with making eyes at me, often comes to us, even on Holy Week, and renders me indirect courtesies, supplying my mother with many bouquets colors".

However, with age, the character of Countess Natalya, whose life took place in high-society salons, could change. But one thing is certain: Pushkin did not forget about his young love and retained deep respect for Natalya Viktorovna. In 1835 he was thinking about the novel "Russian Pelam", and in the plans he left, he called her name. In the plot of the future novel, Natalya Kochubey was assigned a noble role: she had to enter into correspondence with the main character in order to warn him against intrigues that were preparing against him (VIII, 974-975). With the same straightforwardness, she spoke out against Pushkin's enemies in the tragic days of 1837. "

Nina Vladimirovna Zababurova
head Department of Theory and History of World Literature,
Professor/South Federal University , Rostov-on-Don