Scientific knowledge plan c8. Theme: Cognition and knowledge

Topics of plans for the section "Knowledge"

1. 
   1. Cognition is the process of spiritual assimilation of the material world by a person.
2. 
   2. Truth and its criteria.
3. 
   3. Self-knowledge and the formation of "I" - concepts.
4. 
   4. Scientific knowledge and its main features.
5. 
   5. Social cognition and its specificity.
6. 
   6. Worldview and its forms.

C8.4.1.

“Cognition is the process of spiritual mastering of the material world by a person”.

^	Points
1) The concept of cognition. / Cognition is the process of comprehension by a person of objects and phenomena of the material world. 2) Goals of knowledge: a) comprehension of the truth; b) practical use. 3) The structure of the process of cognition: a) sensory cognition (sensation, perception, representation); b) logical knowledge (concept, judgment, conclusion). 4) The interaction of the cognizing subject and the cognized object in the process of cognition. 5) Knowledge as a result of cognition.
	2
OR	1
	0
Maximum score	2

C8.4.2.

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Truth and Its Criteria". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

^ Correct Answer Content and Grading Instructions (Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning)	Points
When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account: - the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to a given topic; - compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic: 1) The concept of truth. / Truth is the ideal goal of cognitive activity. 2) Types of truth: a) absolute truth (complete, exhaustive reliable knowledge about the world); b) incomplete, limited knowledge about the objects and phenomena of the material world. 3) True knowledge and false knowledge. 4) Criteria of truth: a) practice; b) a system of theoretical evidence; c) evidence, compliance with common sense; d) competent opinion of the expert community of scientists. 5) The specificity of the comprehension of scientific truth at the present stage. Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.
The wording of the points of the plan is correct and reflects the content of the topic. The structure of the response follows the complex type plan.	2
Separate points of the plan do not reflect the content of the topic. The structure of the response follows the complex type plan. OR The wording of the points of the plan reflect the content of the topic. The structure of the answer does not fully correspond to the plan of a complex type (there is no specification of individual items).	1
The content and structure plan does not cover the proposed topic	0
Maximum score	2

C8.4.3.

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Self-knowledge and the formation of "I" - concepts". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

^ Correct Answer Content and Grading Instructions (Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning)	Points
When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account: - the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to a given topic; - compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic: 1) The concept of self-knowledge. / Self-knowledge - a person's knowledge of himself. 2) Basic methods of self-knowledge: a) self-observation; b) self-examination. 3) Formation of self-esteem of the individual: a) adequate self-esteem; b) low self-esteem; c) high self-esteem. 4) "I"-concept and the process of its formation. 5) The specifics of the objects of self-knowledge: a) own needs; b) own capabilities; c) the meaning of one's own existence; d) differentiating yourself from other people. 6) The inseparability of the connection between a person's knowledge of himself and the material world. Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.
The wording of the points of the plan is correct and reflects the content of the topic. The structure of the response follows the complex type plan.	2
Separate points of the plan do not reflect the content of the topic. The structure of the response follows the complex type plan. OR The wording of the points of the plan reflect the content of the topic. The structure of the answer does not fully correspond to the plan of a complex type (there is no specification of individual items).	1
The content and structure plan does not cover the proposed topic	0
Maximum score	2

C8.4.4.

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Scientific knowledge and its main features". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

^ Correct Answer Content and Grading Instructions (Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning)	Points
When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account: - the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to a given topic; - compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic: 1) The concept of scientific knowledge. / Scientific knowledge is the comprehension of the essence of natural and social objects and phenomena. 2) The main features of scientific knowledge: a) objectivity; b) evidence; c) logic; d) rationality. 3) Levels of scientific knowledge: a) empirical; b) theoretical. 4) Methods of scientific knowledge: a) empirical (observation, description, experiment); b) theoretical (hypothesis, systematization, generalization, modeling). 5) The specifics of social cognition. 6) Features of scientific knowledge in the information age. Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.
The wording of the points of the plan is correct and reflects the content of the topic. The structure of the response follows the complex type plan.	2
Separate points of the plan do not reflect the content of the topic. The structure of the response follows the complex type plan. OR The wording of the points of the plan reflect the content of the topic. The structure of the answer does not fully correspond to the plan of a complex type (there is no specification of individual items).	1
The content and structure plan does not cover the proposed topic	0
Maximum score	2

C8.4.5.

Social cognition and its specificity

^ Correct Answer Content and Grading Instructions (Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning)	Points
When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account: - the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to a given topic; - compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic: 1) Social cognition - knowledge of society and man. 2) The specifics of social cognition: a) the coincidence of the cognizing subject and the cognized object; b) limited scope of the experiment. 3) Basic methods of social cognition: a) historical (consideration of social objects in development); b) comparative (consideration of social objects in comparison, comparison with similar ones); c) system-analytical (consideration of social objects in integrity and interaction with each other). 4) Functions of social cognition: a) identifying the causes and consequences of social processes; b) understanding the qualitative characteristics of social objects; c) use of the results in the implementation of social management; d) coordination of public interests, optimization of social processes. 5) Social cognition as a necessary condition for the improvement and development of society. Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.
The wording of the points of the plan is correct and reflects the content of the topic. The structure of the response follows the complex type plan.	2
Separate points of the plan do not reflect the content of the topic. The structure of the response follows the complex type plan. OR The wording of the points of the plan reflect the content of the topic. The structure of the answer does not fully correspond to the plan of a complex type (there is no specification of individual items).	1
The content and structure plan does not cover the proposed topic	0
Maximum score	2

C8.4.6.

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " Worldview and its forms". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

^ Correct Answer Content and Grading Instructions (Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning)	Points
When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account: - the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to a given topic; - compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic: 1) The concept of worldview. / Worldview - the totality of a person's views on the world and their place in this world. 2) Structural elements of the worldview: a) knowledge; b) beliefs; c) attitudes and life principles; d) spiritual values, ideas and ideals. 3) Subjects of worldview: a) a person; b) groups of people; c) society as a whole. 4) The main forms of worldview: a) ordinary worldview; b) mythological; c) religious worldview; d) scientific outlook. 5) Factors influencing the formation of people's worldview: a) social environment; b) life experience; c) education; d) professional activity. 6) Worldview and its influence on human activity. Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.
The wording of the points of the plan is correct and reflects the content of the topic. The structure of the response follows the complex type plan.	2
Separate points of the plan do not reflect the content of the topic. The structure of the response follows the complex type plan. OR The wording of the points of the plan reflect the content of the topic. The structure of the answer does not fully correspond to the plan of a complex type (there is no specification of individual items).	1
The content and structure plan does not cover the proposed topic	0
Maximum score	2

Tasks С8 (social studies).

The theme is knowledge.

Assignments C8 on the topic "Knowledge".

levels of knowledge».

Two sides of knowledge.

The main forms of sensory cognition:

a) sensation

b) perception;

c) presentation

3. Forms of rational knowledge:

a) concept;

b) judgment;

c) inference;

4. The question of the place of sensory and rational knowledge in human life:

a) empiricism;

b) rationalism;

c) internal unity of sensual and rational principles in cognition.

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " scientific knowledge».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Scientific knowledge as a process of obtaining true knowledge.

Tasks of scientific knowledge:

a) description;

b) explanation;

c) prediction of processes and phenomena of reality.

3. The specificity of this type of knowledge.

4. Levels of knowledge:

a) empirical;

b) theoretical;

c) interaction of theoretical and empirical levels;

5. Scientific knowledge at the present stage of development of society.

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " Knowledge and truth».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Truth as a process of adequate reflection of reality.

Aspects of truth:

a) objective;

b) absolute;

c) relative;

3. Criteria of truth:

A) compliance with the laws of logic;

B) following the previously discovered laws of a particular science;

B) practice;

4. Influence of the development of science on the truth.

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " Variety of types of knowledge».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Knowledge as a basic human need.

Types of knowledge:

a) worldly;

b) scientific;

c) artistic;

d) practical knowledge;

3. Features of social cognition:

a) coincidence of subject and object;

b) the influence of personal assessments on the assessment of social phenomena;

c) limited opportunities for observation and social experiment;

4. The influence of various types of knowledge on the life of modern man.

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " Methods of scientific knowledge».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Methods, techniques for solving cognitive problems.

The area of ​​theoretical knowledge is methodology.

Differentiation of methods of this type of cognition:

a) universal;

b) general scientific;

c) private;

4. Characteristics of general scientific methods:

a) analysis;

b) synthesis;

c) induction;

d) deduction;

e) analogy;

5. Modeling. Modeling types:

a) material (objective)

b) ideal (logical)

6. Influence of the state of the country's economy on the possibility of using the modeling method.

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " The place of history in the knowledge of man and society».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Variety of theories and concepts of historical development.

The inconsistency of ordinary and scientific perception of the past.

The place of history in the life of mankind:

a) history and modernity;

b) historical past;

c) history as the collective memory of people;

4. History and progress:

a) the emergence of faith in progress;

b) doubts about the inevitability of historical progress;

c) ideas about the crisis of civilization and the threat to the life of mankind (environmental crisis, world wars of the 20th century)

5. The need to preserve history as a science.

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " Knowledge and Faith».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Knowledge as an adequate reflection of reality.

Features of knowledge:

A) reproduction of objective regular connections of the real world;

B) the desire to reject false information;

C) reliance on facts, evidence.

A) the basic concept of religion;

B) an important component of the human spiritual world;

C) an element of cognitive activity;

4. Coincidence of faith with the concept of "religion".

5. The relationship of knowledge and faith.

6. Faith as part of the cognitive process as a stimulus for scientific creativity.

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " Knowledge of the world».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Cognition as a process of activity.

Sides of the process of cognition:

a) subject

b) object

c) result.

3. Philosophical schools about the possibility of knowing the world:

a) agnosticism;

b) skepticism;

c) optimism.

4. Types of knowledge:

a) ordinary;

b) social;

c) scientific;

d) religious;

e) mythological;

e) artistic.

5. The relationship of types of knowledge.

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " Functions of practice in the process of cognition».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

The role of practical needs in the development of science.

Practice is the basis of knowledge:

a) observation of the surrounding world;

b) transformation of the world as a result of practical activity;

c) tools, devices, equipment necessary for the realization of the possibilities of practical knowledge.

3. Why does a person learn the laws of development of the world?

4. The criterion of truth is practice.

5. Fundamental components of the practice:

a) material production;

b) accumulated experience;

c) experiment

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " social cognition».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Knowledge of society.

The complexity of the process of knowing society:

a) variety of phenomena and events;

b) inconsistency of spiritual relations;

c) the coincidence of the object and subject of cognition.

3. Methods of social cognition:

a) participant observation;

b) non-participant observation;

c) social experiment.

4. Features of the social experiment:

a) specific historical character;

b) a lower degree of isolation of the object;

c) extreme undesirability of errors.

5. Methods of social cognition:

a) historical

b) modeling

c) scientific foresight.

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " The role of intuition in cognition».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Specificity of intuition as a cognitive process.

The prevalence of intuition.

Characteristic features of human intuitive abilities:

a) unexpectedness of the solution of the task;

b) unconsciousness of ways and means of its resolution;

c) the direct nature of the comprehension of truth.

4. Individual character of intuition:

A) different degrees of remoteness from consciousness;

B) content specificity;

C) the depth of penetration into the essence of a phenomenon or process.

5. Complementation of sensual, rational knowledge and intuition.

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " Truth and delusion».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

The variety of approaches to the concept of "truth".

Objective and subjective aspects of truth.

Absolute and relative truth.

Kinds of truths:

a) ordinary;

b) scientific;

c) moral;

d) artistic.

5. Practice as a criterion of truth.

6. The role of delusions in cognition:

a) a hindrance to knowledge;

b) assistance in creating problem situations;

c) stimulation of further study of reality.

7. Truth is a constantly evolving process.

C8. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " scientific knowledge».

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Science as one of the main forms of human knowledge.

The difference between scientific knowledge and ordinary knowledge:

a) striving for maximum objectivity;

b) the presence of a special (scientific) language

c) the specifics of ways to justify the truth of the knowledge gained

3. Levels of scientific knowledge.

4. Main methods:

a) observation;

b) empirical description;

c) experiment;

d) hypothesis (explanatory and existential)

e) formulation of a scientific theory.

5. Scientific theory and its functions.

Assignment No. 1960

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Scientific knowledge". The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic

1. The concept of scientific knowledge.

2. Distinctive features of scientific knowledge:

a) objectivity;

b) rationalism;

c) consistency and orderliness;

d) testability (verifiability);

e) a special language.

3. Modern classification of sciences:

a) humanitarian;

b) natural;

c) social, etc.

4. Functions of scientific knowledge:

a) cognitive and explanatory;

b) worldview;

c) production and transformation;

d) prognostic.

5. Levels of scientific knowledge:

a) empirical;

b) theoretical.

6. Methods of scientific knowledge:

a) scientific observation;

b) description;

c) classification;

d) scientific experiment;

e) scientific modeling, etc.

The presence of any two of the 2-6 points of the plan in this or similar wording will reveal the content of this topic in essence.

№		Points
28.1	Disclosure of the topic on the merits	3
		3
	A complex plan contains at least three points, including two points, the presence of which will allow to reveal this topic in essence.	2
		0
	Grading guidelines:
28.2		1
		1
	All other situations	0
Maximum score		4

Example 1

Example 2

Rate this solution in points:

Example 3

The plan does not cover the specified topic (including a set of abstract formulations that do not reflect the specifics of the content of this topic).

Rate this solution in points:

Example 4

The wording of the points of the plan is correct and allows you to reveal the content of the topic on the merits (the provisions of at least two of the points of the plan noted above are reflected). The structure of the answer corresponds to a plan of a complex type (contains at least three points, two of which are detailed).

Rate this solution in points:

Criterion	score	A comment
28.1	2
28.2	1
28.3	0	Table of contents of clause 3.1 - incorrect use of the word "criteria"; The wording of clause 3.1 is presented as an exhaustive list of characteristics / features of scientific knowledge.

Rate this solution in points:

Rate this solution in points:

The wording of the points of the plan is correct and allows you to reveal the content of the topic on the merits (the provisions of at least two of the points of the plan noted above are reflected). The structure of the answer corresponds to a plan of a complex type (contains at least three points, two of which are detailed)

Criterion	score	A comment
28.1	2	The plan contains two points, the presence of which will allow to reveal this topic in essence. One of these points is detailed in subparagraphs, allowing to reveal it in essence.
28.2	1	The structure of the answer corresponds to a plan of a complex type (contains at least three points, two of which are detailed).
28.3	0	Table of contents p. 3. - incorrect use of the word "species"; The wording of paragraph 2 is presented as an exhaustive list of characteristics / features of scientific knowledge.

Rate this solution in points:

Task No. 2465

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "The environmental crisis as a global problem of our time." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation

When analyzing the response, the following is taken into account:

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to a plan of a complex type;

The presence of plan items indicating that the examinee understands the main aspects of this topic, without which it cannot be disclosed on the merits;

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan.

The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

1. The concept of global problems, their types:

a) environmental;

b) the problem of North and South;

c) international terrorism.

2. The essence of the global environmental crisis:

a) extinction of biological species;

b) pollution of the atmosphere, soil, oceans;

d) global warming, etc.

3. Causes of the global environmental problem:

a) Growth in the scale of economic activity of people.

b) Consumer attitude to nature.

4. Signs of a global environmental problem:

a) affects the interests of all countries and peoples;

b) requires an immediate decision and the unification of the efforts of all mankind, etc.

5. Ways to overcome the ecological crisis:

a) changing the attitude of people to nature;

b) science in the service of ecology;

c) international cooperation in solving environmental problems.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal interrogative or mixed forms.

The presence of any two of the 2-5 points of the plan in this wording or similar in meaning will reveal the content of this topic in essence.

№	Criteria for evaluating the answer to task 28	Points
28.1	Disclosure of the topic on the merits	3
	A complex plan contains at least three points, including two points, the presence of which will allow to reveal this topic in essence. Both of these "obligatory" points are detailed in sub-points, allowing to reveal this topic on the merits.	3
	A complex plan contains at least three points, including two points, the presence of which will allow to reveal this topic in essence. Only one of these "mandatory" points is detailed in sub-points, allowing to develop this topic on the merits.	2
	A complex plan contains at least three points, including only one point, the presence of which will allow to reveal this topic in essence. This "mandatory" clause is detailed in sub-clauses, allowing to develop this topic on the merits.	0
	All other situations not covered by the rules for scoring 2 and 1 points. Cases when the graduate's answer in form does not meet the requirements of the task (for example, it is not designed in the form of a plan with points and sub-points highlighted)
	Grading guidelines: 1. Paragraphs/subparagraphs that are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic are not counted in the assessment. 2. If criterion 28.1 scores 0, then criterion 28.2 scores 0
28.2	Correctness of the wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan	1
	The wording of the paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan is correct and does not contain errors, inaccuracies	1
	All other situations	0
Maximum score		4

Example 1

According to the evaluation criteria, the given answer should be rated 3 points.

Rate this solution in points:

Example 2

Rate this solution in points:

Example 3

Rate this solution in points:

Example 4

Rate this solution in points:

Example 5

Rate this solution in points:

Task No. 8601

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Competition and its functions in a market economy." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation

When analyzing the response, the following is taken into account:

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to a plan of a complex type;

The presence of plan items indicating that the examinee understands the main aspects of this topic, without which it cannot be disclosed on the merits;

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan.

The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

1. The concept of market competition.

2. Conditions for the emergence of competition.

3. Functions of competition in a market economy:

a) regulatory;

b) stimulating;

c) sanitizing.

4. Types of imperfect competition:

a) pure monopoly

b) monopolistic competition;

c) an oligopoly.

5. Perfect competition and its features:

a) a large number of firms in the market;

b) sale of goods at free prices;

c) unhindered entry into the market of any new firm;

d) availability of economic information to all, etc.

5. Consequences of the monopolization of the economy.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal interrogative or mixed forms.

The presence of any two of the 3-5 points of the plan in this wording or similar in meaning will reveal the content of this topic in essence.

№	Criteria for evaluating the answer to task 28	Points
28.1	Disclosure of the topic on the merits	3
	A complex plan contains at least three points, including two points, the presence of which will allow to reveal this topic in essence. Both of these "obligatory" points are detailed in sub-points, allowing to reveal this topic on the merits.	3
	A complex plan contains at least three points, including two points, the presence of which will allow to reveal this topic in essence. Only one of these "mandatory" points is detailed in sub-points, allowing to develop this topic on the merits.	2
	A complex plan contains at least three points, including only one point, the presence of which will allow to reveal this topic in essence. This "mandatory" clause is detailed in sub-clauses, allowing to develop this topic on the merits.	0
	All other situations not covered by the rules for scoring 2 and 1 points. Cases when the graduate's answer in form does not meet the requirements of the task (for example, it is not designed in the form of a plan with points and sub-points highlighted)
	Grading guidelines: 1. Paragraphs/subparagraphs that are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic are not counted in the assessment. 2. If criterion 28.1 scores 0, then criterion 28.2 scores 0
28.2	Correctness of the wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan	1
	The wording of the paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan is correct and does not contain errors, inaccuracies	1
	All other situations	0
Maximum score		4

Example 1

The plan consists of five points, three of which are detailed in sub-points. There are two points in the plan, without which this topic cannot be disclosed in essence. The wording of the points of the plan is correct and allows you to reveal the content of the topic on the merits.

Rate this solution in points:

Example 2

The plan consists of eight points, three of which are detailed in sub-points. There are two points in the plan, without which this topic cannot be disclosed in essence. The wording of the points of the plan makes it possible to reveal the content of the topic as a whole, individual inaccuracies in the wording do not distort the plan in essence.

Example 4

The plan consists of five points, two of which are detailed in sub-points. There are no plan items in the plan, without which this topic cannot be disclosed in essence.

Rate this solution in points:

1. Cognition as an activity.

2. Types of knowledge:

a) scientific;

b) mythological;

c) artistic, etc.

b) rational validity;

c) systematic;

d) verifiability, etc.

4. Levels of scientific knowledge:

a) empirical knowledge;

b) theoretical knowledge.

5. Methods of scientific knowledge:

a) observation;

b) experiment;

c) modeling;

d) hypotheses, etc.

6. Truth as a result of scientific knowledge.

« Scientific knowledge as one of the types of knowledge».

1. Scientific knowledge is one of the types of knowledge of the world.

2. The goals of scientific knowledge.

3. Features of scientific knowledge:

a) striving for objectivity;

b) a special language, including special terms, strictly defined concepts, symbols;

c) special procedures for checking the results.

4. Levels of scientific knowledge:

a) empirical knowledge;

b) theoretical knowledge.

5. Methods of scientific knowledge:

a) scientific observation;

b) description;

c) classification;

d) scientific experiment;

e) thought experiment;

e) hypotheses;

g) scientific modeling, etc.

6. System of Sciences.

You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " The problem of the cognizability of the world". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

« The problem of the cognizability of the world».

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. The problem of the cognizability of the world

a) What is agnosticism?

b) Theories of Hume and Kant

c) Varieties of agnosticism

2. Subject and object of knowledge

3. Sensual and rational knowledge

4. Sensationalism and rationalism.

5. Three main trends:

a) epistemological optimism,

b) skepticism

c) agnosticism.

6. Relative and absolute truth.

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic " human activity". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

ESSAY

“Knowledge and life are inseparable” (L. Feuchtwanger).

“To cognize means to compare perception from the outside with internal ideas and make a judgment about how much one and the other coincides” (I. Kepler).

“Truth is forgotten in disputes. The smartest one stops the argument ”(L.N. Tolstoy).

Topic 3: SPIRITUAL CULTURE. SPIRITUAL WORLD.

Values

outlook

Worldview types: ordinary, religious, scientific

Part 1

Establish a correspondence between examples and subsystems (spheres) of society: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

EXAMPLES

A) organization of pre-holiday trade

B) holding a referendum on confidence in the president

IN) adoption of the law on public organizations

G) writing an adventure novel

D) production of consumer goods

E) scientific research

SUBSYSTEMS (SPHERES) OF SOCIETY

1) economic

2) political

3) spiritual

Oceanologists study the life of the inhabitants of the seabed. What type of activity is illustrated by this example?

1) material

2) spiritual

3) social

4) economic

The activity that is associated with the transformation of natural objects is called

1) spiritual

2) consumer

3) value orientation

4) practical

Greetings to all the many readers of the site site! Today we will analyze a very interesting topic in social studies: writing plans. In this post already READY works will be given, and at the end of this post a task will be given to consolidate the material. By the way, I recommend subscribe to new articles so you don't miss out on anything.

True

What is truth?

Kinds of truth

- absolute;
- relative.

Truth Criteria

— consistency of accumulated knowledge;
- the presence of formal logic;
- confirmation by experiment.

Cognition as an activity aimed at achieving new knowledge.

The variety of ways of knowing the world

1) Definition of knowledge;

2) Forms of knowledge
- sensual;
- rational.

3) Types of knowledge:
- mythological;
- worldly;
- scientific;
- artistic;
- social.

4) Levels of scientific knowledge
— Empirical;
— Theoretical.

Bank as a financial institution

1) Scope of the bank
- attraction of free money;
- lending money.

2) Organization of a modern banking system
- the top level - the central bank;
- lower level: - commercial bank, etc.

3) Functions of the Central Bank

- Stabilization;

— Structural.

4) Ways of state influence on the economic mechanism
- Direct
— Indirect regulation

5) Mechanisms of state regulation of the market economy
— fiscal policy;
- monetary;
- legal regulation.

6) Basic theoretical concepts (*not a mandatory item)
— monetarism
- Keynesianism.

Inflation

1) Definition;

2) Types of inflation
— Inflation of demand;
- Supply inflation.

3) Types of inflation depending on the theme of price increases
- Creeping;
- Galloping;
- Hyperinflation.
4) Causes of inflation
- the growth of government spending and mass lending with the issue of money;
- the monopoly of large firms on price setting;
- depreciation of the currency with a high level of imports;
- an increase in state taxes, duties, etc.
5) Deflation - a decrease in the general price level.

These are the plans for society, dear friends! Well, now try to make plans for the topics yourself:

1. Social institution

2. Socio-demographic problems.

3. Conformity and deviant behavior

See you in the next posts!