Share examples and determine what numbers should stand instead of stars.

*** - probably disappeared (Finding in nature is not confirmed in the last 50 years).

*** - threat to disappearance (The number of individuals decreased to a critical level or the number of their locations so decreased that in the near future they may disappear).

*** - reduced in numbers and / or distribution.

*** - rare (Natural low number is found in a limited territory).

*** - undefined status (belong to one of the previous categories, but there is no sufficient information about their condition in nature at present).

*** - restored and restoring (The number and area of \u200b\u200bdistribution began to recover and approach the state when they do not need special measures to save and restore).

What numbers should be instead of stars?

A) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

C) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 g) 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25

The picture shows the National Park in Estonia, on the coast of the Finnish Bay. It was founded on July 1, 1971 for the protection of unique coast landscapes. This is the first National Park in the USSR. There are many interesting objects here, this is the center of mass tourism and recreation.

To find out the name of this National Park, write down the letter using the suggested prompt. BUT! Take not exactly the "specified" letter, and the next left.

The Baltic Sea is a sea that is located in Northern Europe and flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The largest bays are combatant, Finnish, Curonian and Riga. The average water temperature of the Baltic Sea in the summer is - fifteen - seventeen degrees of heat. The sea ishes the coast of major European states, including Poland, Germany, Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Estonia.

Near the sea are located large Estonian cities - ports. They supply seafood and fish to other Estonian settlements. In this area, herring, roach, perch, guster, is, bream, ears, pike, pike perch, eel. Most of the local population works at the enterprises associated with the fish industry. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe Baltic Sea is estimated at three hundred eighty-six thousand square kilometers. Its depth varies from forty to a hundred meters. The sea has a Landstish depression, the depth of which is four hundred fifty-nine meters. The period of complete renewal of the sea is about thirty years.

Tompea Castle

Tompea Castle is the personification of the ruling power in Estonia, now there is a parliament here, and one of the towers is crowned by the country's national flag. The cavity was built in the Middle Ages on the slope of the Tompea hill, at an altitude of about 50 meters above sea level. The walls of the fortress decorate the majestic towers, the main of which is the observation tower of 48 meters high - is called Lange Hermann or "Long Warrior". For several centuries ago, it was called the most powerful towers of any fortress. It was the "long warrior" awarded the honor of "carry" the Estonian flag.

And what sights of Tallinn did you like? Next to the photography there are icons by clicking on which you can estimate this or that place.

Latin Quarter

The Tallinn Latin Quarter is located between Vene Street and the defense medieval wall. It was here in 1246 the monks of the Dominican Order founded their monastery. In the majestic Church of St. Catherine, they held worst in Latin, and subsequently opened the first school in the lower city. Monks Catholics used respect for citizens, but were expelled from Tallinn with the arrival of the Reformation.

Today, the monastery of Dominicans remained only walls, and most of its territory occupies Katarina K & Auml IK (Saint Catherine's alley), which is still called the street of masters. Halls, tailors, jewelers and other masters work here. They make ceramics and stained glass pictures, sew leather bags, blow out multicolored glass. All this they immediately sell to tourists.

In addition, Vene is the only Catholic Church in the city, Nikolskaya Orthodox Church, the Gothic Bremen Tower and residential buildings of different eras - from the XIV to the XX century.

The Dome Cathedral or the Church of the Virgin Mary was founded at the beginning of the thirteenth century and consecrated in 1240 as the Cathedral. To date, this is one of the oldest temples of Tallinn. The cathedral survived several reconstructions. The first held in the thirteenth century, then the repair work was carried out in the fourteenth century and then several times later. In 1878, a modern organ established in the temple.

As a result of all construction manipulations, the cathedral combines different architectural styles. For example, his tower refers to Baroque, and later the chapels are already treated with more modern styles.

In the cathedral resting the relics of famous persons who have departed times. In addition, there are various noble coat of arms and epitaphs written in different centuries.

Today in the house cathedral you can listen to organ music and enjoy the stunning acoustics of the room.

Tallin Airport

Lennart Mary Tallinn Airport is the main international airport of Estonia. It is the main base of the National Airlines Estonian Air, as well as an additional corps of the Latvian airline Airshbaltik. The airport is located 5 kilometers from the city center. The length of its runway, including eight gates and four taxi tracks, is 3,070 meters, and the width is 45 meters.

The Tallinn Airport serves mostly small aircraft, such as Aircraft A320 and Boeing 737, but is able to take and sufficiently bulky vessel of the Boeing-747 type. The biggest plane landed at this airport in April 2009 is An-124. According to statistical data for 2011, the airport served 1,913,172 passengers. Since 2007 - 2008, a large-scale restructuring of the passenger terminal was conducted, which significantly increased the airport bandwidth.

Now Tallinn Airport is managed by Estonian JSC Tallina Lenugem.

By the Day of the 80th anniversary of the birth of Estonian President Lennart Mary, in March 2009, Tallinn Airport assigned his name.

Tallinn zoo

The zoo in Tallinn was founded in 1939. Today the collection has more than 350 species of animals living on 89 hectares.

The zoo expositions include the Alpine, Central Asian, South American, Arctic. Separate exposures make up large animal groups: elephants, kangaroo, lions, seals, leopards, as well as pheasants, waterfowl and predatory birds.

Especially the zoo is proud of a rare for northern latitudes collection "Tropical house": there were inhabitants of tropical jungle. Separately there is a so-called children's zoo - the territory on which the young lives live.

Church of St. Olaf.

The spire of the Church of St. Olaf is visible from afar and is considered one of the symbols of the Estonian capital. In medieval times, the building was considered the highest in the world and its height reached 159 meters.

However, fires and zippers did not spare church. Now it is 123.7 meters in height. The church received its name in honor of the King of Norway Olav II Haraldsson, however, the local residents more like another version. According to the legend, when it was decided to build a temple, in the city there was one architect, he agreed to do all the work for free if people guess what his name was. Nobody knew the mysterious architect, and the past citizens sent to his house "Spy", who overheard the name of the master. When he climbed onto the spire and installed the cross, someone called him from the bottom named "Olaf". The architect turned around, could not resist and broke down. On the Estonian manner, the name of the church is pronounced as Olevist.

Church of St. Olafa - Baptist Church, the first mention of which belongs to the middle of the thirteenth century.

And you wonder how well you know the sights of Tallinn? .

Tallinn Town Hall

The Gothic building of the Town Hall is the only one of its kind, which remained in the territory of Northern Europe. The first mention of it is dating 1322, then it was a structure from limestone height into one floor.

The Town Hall changed its original appearance and became a more solid building in the fifteenth century, when the reval (the old title) worried his flourishing. At this time, the Town Hall is expanding, it appears the second floor with the halls for the solemn ceremonies, as well as the tower. In this form, she lived to the present day, demonstrating the talent of the then masters on the stone and the exquisite taste of foreign architects.

Later, the Town Hall appeared Flywer, who in the people got the nickname "Old Thomas". And in the middle of the seventeenth century, the building was decorated with drains, made in the form of dragon heads.

In 2004, one of the main Tallinn attractions noted its 600th birthday.

The most popular attractions in Tallinn with descriptions and photos for every taste. Choose the best places to visit famous Tallinn places on our website.

Individual and group

More attractions of Tallinn

It is historically believed that long dark winters contributed to the fact that Estonians have formed as a nation, buying words. But at the same time, this inner concentration of Estonians contributed to their long-calm reflection and fantasy flights.

Non-promotional Estonians love to sing in the choir, and it was the choral music that became a kind of business card of Estonia.
The Republic of Estonia borders with Russia and Latvia, and its maritime border with Finland takes place in the Finnish bay. It is washed by the waters of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Riga.

State symbols of Estonia

Flag - the official state symbol of the Republic of Estonia in 1918-1940. And again since 1990, it is a rectangular cloth, consisting of three horizontal isometric strips: the top - blue, medium-black and lower - white. The standard flag size is 105 × 165 cm.

Coat of arms - exists in two forms: a large and small state coat of arms. On the big The state emblem in the golden field of the shield is three Lazorus leopards (marching looking lion). The shield is bordered by a wreath of two crossed gold oak branches, crossed in the lower part of the shield. Small The coat of arms is represented only by a shield.

The motive of the Estonian state coat began in the XIII century, when the Danish King Waldemar II helped the city of Tallinn the coat of arms with three lions, similar to the emblem of the Danish kingdom. The same motive was later moved to the emblem of the Estland province, approved by Empress Catherine II on 4 October 1788.

Brief description of modern Estonia

Political system - Independent Democratic Parliamentary Republic.
Head of State - President elected for 5 years.
Head of the government - Prime Minister.
Capital - Tallinn.
Largest cities - Tallinn, Tartu, Narva, Pärnu, Kohtla-Järve.

Administrative division - 15 counties (Maana), headed by county elders. Cities status have 33 settlements.
Economy - The share of services in Estonia GDP is 69%, industry - 29%, agriculture - 3%. The main industries are the fuel and energy complex, chemical industry, mechanical engineering, textile industry, pulp and paper and woodworking industry. Main industry. agriculture It is animal husbandry meat-milk direction and pig breeding (especially bacon). The crop production is mainly the production of animal feed, as well as the cultivation of industrial crops. Developed fishing.
Territory - 45 226 km².
Population - 1 286 540 people. Estonians make up 68, 7% of the population, Russians - 24, 8%, Ukrainians - 1, 7%, Belarusians - 1%, Finns - 0.6%.
Official language - Estonian. Russian language is also widespread.
Currency - Euro.
Traditional religion - Lutheranism.
Education - divided into basic, professional and additional education. The educational system is based on a four-level system, which includes pre-school, primary, secondary and higher education. There is a wide network of schools and educational institutions. The Estonian educational system consists of state, municipal, public and private educational institutions.
Higher academic education in Estonia is divided into three levels: undergraduate, master's train and doctoral studies.

Estonian culture

Presumably, the culture of modern Estonians had some influence ancient Russian culture. This is evidenced by the ancient borrowings in Estonian language from Russian, as Raamat Book / Tot "Gram" / and LeiB / Chleb/. One of the first references to the "Tale of Bygone Years" on the activities of Russian princes on the territory of modern Estonia - the campaign of the Grand Duke Yaroslav Vladimirovich in 1030 to chud (so in ancient times they called Estonia) and the foundation of the city called Yuryev (now Tartu).
Pretty much significantly influenced Estonians and German culture, because Livonia B. XIII B.. It was captured by the crusaders.
IN 1523. Estonia has reached the reformation (mass religious and socio-political movement in Western and Central Europe XVI - Start XVII V.., aimed at reforming Catholic Christianity in accordance with the Bible). Lutheranism, who attached great importance to folk education, laid the foundation of Estonian literacy and peasant school. IN 1739. The first complete translation Bible On Estonian, translator Anton Tor Helle. Of great importance for the cultural development of Estonia was to restore in 1802. The Imperial Yuryev University in Derpte (now Tartu). The university became conductor of Western European ideas. In Derptte, they studied and worked such well-known scientists, like astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Background Struve, Biologist Karl Ernst Von Bair, Surgeon Nikolai Pirogov. The university became the cradle of Estonian national awakening, especially after the abolition of serfdom.

One of the most famous cultural figures of this time was Johann Voldemar Yannsen. He began to publish a newspaper in Estonian, played for the bourgeois development of Estonia, promoted the redemption of farms to the property or transfer them to rent. Posted words to Estonian hymn Mu Isamaa, Mu õnn Ja Rõõm (schuchage, my happiness and my joy).

Estonian holiday song

The national and national singing festival, in which various choral groups and brass bands are involved. The holiday is held every five years in the territory of the Tallinn singing field. The organization of the holiday is engaged in a specially instituted division under the Ministry of Culture of Estonia. It is a masterpiece of oral and intangible cultural heritage of UNESCO.
The first singing holiday was held in 1869. In Tartu. In memory of this in Tartu, a monument is established.

The first seven holidays were held during the time of Estonia as part of the Russian Empire and before the VI singing holiday they were held in various significant dates for the Empire. The organization of the holiday took on various Estonian dance and choral societies. The first five holidays were held in Tartu, then all holidays began to spend in Tallinn.
Johann Voldemar Yannsen He was the initiator of Estonian singing holidays.

Culture of Estonia XX century

Literature

Work Eduard Wilde laid the foundations of the genre of novel and critical realism.
Post-war transformations in society are depicted in the Hands Hans Leberehta, Rudolph Sirge, Ernie Krustina, essay-journalistic prose Yuhan Smeula, Egon Ranneta and etc.
A certain mark in modern Estonian literature was left Ene Mikhkelson, Nikolay Baturin, Madis Kyyv, Maima Berg, Yolo Matteus. From the youngest generation stands out Tyna Junnepalu, Erwin Yunapuu, Pether Sauter, Tarmo Teder, Andrus Kiwyryakhk, Kaur Kender, Sass Henno.

Architecture and painting

At the beginning of the XX century. In the architecture of Estonia, modern became popular. An example of this style is the building of the Estonia Theater in Tallinn (1865), the building of the Institute of Zoology and Geology of the University of Tartu, etc.
Famous painters were Ants Laichmaa, Nikolai Tryk, Konrad Megi, Crysyan Rude.

Music

In the music of the XX century. There were two main creative schools: Arthur Kappa in Tallinn I. Heino Eller. In Tartu. In the period 1940-50s. There was an intensive development of choral music. Gustav Ernesks and Eugen Kapp Created choral songs and operas on national historical topics. In the 1950s, the popularity acquired a singer.

G. Ots. Performed by the parties operetta and operas, worked in different genres with great success. He brought particular popularity to him Mr. X. In the film "Mr. X" (dir. Julius Khmelnitsky) - the film is the operetta squid "Princess Circus". UTS showed his hero Etienne Verdier personality of impeccable honor, dignity, courage, aristocrat of the Spirit, a man of a thin and romantic spiritual organization. Personal modesty, nobility, elegance and elegance of OSS were so sincere that neither of his life nor after death did not have a single negative review of him.
The most famous modern Estonian composer - ARVO PRIA, emigrated in 1980 to Germany, the discoverer of the "Bells Style".
World-class conductor recognized Erie Clo.. World famous conductor Neeme Yarway, actively promoting Estonian music abroad, in 1980 emigrated to the United States.

Pop culture

In Estonia began to revive jazz and develop rock music. Orchestra enjoyed success Modern Fox.who performed dance hits of the 1930-1950s; In the field of Estonian pop music of the 1980s, the popular performers themselves were Anna Westerns, Mar Lyan, Ivo Linna, Gunnar Grapes; Rock Groups "Ruya", "Rock Hotel", "Orange", "Vitamin", "Radar".
Modern popular artists: Maaria Liis Ilus (Maarja), Tannel Padar, Inees, Chalice; Groups A-Rühm, Genialistid, Dagö, J.M.K.E., Kosmikud, Metsatöll, Sun, Smilers, Terminaator, Ultima Thule, Urban Symphony, Vanilla Ninja, Vennaskond.

"Orange"

IN 1955 Estonian television was created.

Modern cinema Estonia

In the 90s, the main topics of films were to understand the history, the category of freedom, the relationship between the authorities and the individual. Along with the aggravated social topics, there were trends in the complications of the language and conventions: "On the street Rahu" (Roman Baskin, 1991), "In Awakening" (I. Sillart, 1989), "Only Crazy" (ARVo Ioo, 1990). In the entertainment genre, the film "Fire Water" (Hardy Volmer, 1994) was created. The film "Georgica" (Sul Keedus), revealing the painful point of the epoch, was successful in many festivals. Spectator records beat the historical epic "names on the marble board" director Elmo Nyukunaremoved on the novel of the same name Albert Kivikasa. The first of the Estonian film, shown in the Cannes Film Festival, was the Drama of 2007 "Magnus"; In the same year, a number of international prizes received the film "Class".

UNESCO World Heritage Site in Estonia

Historical center Tallinn (Old Town)

The old town of Tallina is conditionally divided into Lower and Upper city (Vessele). In the upper city, located on the hills of Tompea, originally lived to know, while in the lower city the merchants, artisans and other, less wealthy segments of the population were settled. From the lower city of Vyshgorod was separated by a fortress wall, most of which also exceeded to the present day. Fortress walls of the city are known with 1248 g., But the most ancient of the preserved walls and towers belong to XIV B.. Total towers 39 (preserved and not survived), each of them has its own name and its own story. We will tell only about some of them.

Kultyala Tower (XIV century)

The tower is five-story, has a horseshoe-shaped shape, the inner part of the emerging towards the city. The upper floors wore defensive functions, and the lower was used as warehouse.
The tower is well preserved, at present its premises use the youth organization Kodulinn for exhibitions and lectures.

Koismäe Tower (Rope Mountain Tower) (XIV century)

Tower of horseshoe form, is located in the western part of the fortress wall. It was built in 1360. And well preserved to this day. Since November 2003, presentations and exhibitions are held in the tower.
The tower received its name from the workshop of the ropes nearly.

Tolstaya Margarita (XVI century)

The gun tower in which 155 boys was built at the beginning XVI B.. Before large sea gates. It was obtained for impressive sizes: 25 m in diameter and 20 m in height. Today, the tower name received in 1842, and before that it was called simply a new tower.
Since 1830, the tower began to use as prison. The extension was made in 1884-1885. In March 1917, the tower burned. In 1930, a museum of history was arranged in the empty tower. Currently, the tower is restored, restored, it is the Maritime Museum of Estonia.

Burren Tower

Four-story horseshoe tower. The thickness of the outer wall is more than 2 m, the inner wall with a thickness of 1 m. On the third floor there was a fireplace for the guard city guaranium; At the very top outdoor platform for a watch or shelling with narrow braces in the walls and embrasures.
On the second floor you can get from the urban wall on the stairs. Before XVII century There was a prison: unlucky, with small windows for air the room, in the walls of which iron rings were mixed. At the beginning of the twentieth century The tower was used by the city as a powder warehouse, so double constipation was installed on the doors.

Upper city

The first wooden strengthening on the tomb of Tompea was built allegedly in XI century IN 1219 The Lindanis settlement was captured by Danish Crusaders under the leadership of Waldemara II, after which the city is called Revel, and Vyshgorod becomes a residence of foreign rulers. Toompea is divided into a large settlement, a small town and adjacent territories. IN 1229 g. The construction of the first stone castle of Tompea in the western part of the small settlement was completed. At its corners, 4 towers were built, including the "Long Herman".

After the capture of the Russians Repel, during the Northern War, the castle was rebuilt. Instead of the eastern wall by order of Catherine, the Baroque Palace was built, the fortifications were filled, one of the towers was destroyed. Currently, the Parliament of Estonia settled in the Tompea Castle - Riigikogu.
In Vyshgorod, there is one of the oldest churches of Estonia - the Disc Cathedral, built in the XIII century. His current appearance the cathedral acquired after numerous rearrangements. In the cathedral itself, many famous people were buried, such as Pontus Delechadi and Ivan Kolrissern.

The Dome Cathedral

Lutheran Cathedral, located in the old town of Tallinn. Dedicated to the Holy Virgin Mary. It is one of the oldest temples of Tallinn, but has undergone many rearrangements. Earlier on this place was a wooden church 1219
The Tower of the Cathedral belongs to the baroque era, and its chapels - to later architectural styles. Inside the temple there are burials of the XIII-XVIII centuries., As well as various noble coat of arms and epitaphs dedicated to the famous people of the time and related to the XII-XX centuries.

Nizhny city

The center of the lower city is Town Hall Squarewhich surrounds built in XIII B.. City Hall in the Gothic style and other buildings. One of the characters of Tallinn, wheel "Old Thomas", adorns the spire of the Town Hall with 1530

According to the legend, each spring in the Middle Ages Tallinn in front of a large sea gatehouse in the "parrot garden" was arranged for the festival. The best arrows of the city competed on it in shooting from crossbows and bows. Who knocked off the colored wooden figure of a parrot, who was sitting on the top of a high pole, he became king of shooters. Once on the tournament, when it was just lined up in a row and pulled a tent, the parrot suddenly fell unexpectedly, pierced by someone's arrow. An unknown shooter was the usual Tallinn Youth - poor man named Toomas. Pickmate downtired and forced to watery the target to the previous place. The news flew around all Tallinn, and Tomasa's mother prepared for the worst ... But the young man did not punish, but offered him to become a city guard that at that time was a huge honor for the poor man.

Subsequently, Tomas repeatedly showed heroism in the battles of the Livonian War and fully justified his confidence. And to the old age let go of a luxurious mustache and became surprisingly similar to the brave warrior, towering on the Town Hall Tower. Since then, the vane in the town hall is called "Old Toomas".

Opposite the Town Hall is located Top Pharmacy. The first mention of it is dated 1422She is one of the oldest pharmacies of Europe working in the same building from the beginning of the XV century. It is also the oldest commercial institution and the oldest medical institution of Tallinn.

Arc Struve

The geodesic arc strengthen was measured by the Struve and employees of Derptic (Tartskaya) and Pulkovo Observatory (director of whom was a streng) for 40 years, from 1816 to 1855, for 2820 km from Fugnenes, not far from Cape Nord-Cap to Norway to the village of Old Nekrasovka of the Odessa region near the Danube, which formed a meridian arc with an amplitude of 25 ° 20'08. "

Currently, the points of the arc can be found in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia (on the island of Gogland), Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine.

Other sights of Estonia

Lahemaa National Park

Based in 1971. (This is the first National Park in the USSR) for the protection of unique landscapes of the coast, about 50 km from Tallinn. The park area is 72.5 thousand hectares (47.4 thousand hectares of sushi and 25.1 thousand hectares). Many picturesque bays, karst landscapes, sections of an old agricultural development. Here is a Waterfall Nymmevice and other interesting objects. Lahemaa - center of mass tourism and recreation.

Museum Kuma

Art Museum in Tallinn. It is the largest in the Baltic region and one of the largest museums in Northern Europe. This is one of the four branches of the Estonian Art Museum.
CUMU presented regular collections and temporary exhibitions. The main collection covers the art of Estonia from the XVIII century, includes the works of the Soviet period (1941-1991), shows the Cocialistic Realism, and Yoeoff art. Temporary exhibitions represent foreign and Estonian contemporary art.

Tallinn zoo

Opened in 1939. The zoo collection has about 7753 individuals of 595 species / subspecies.

Pühtitsky monastery

Orthodox Women's Monastery of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate.
Based in 1891. The monastery never closed. Since the 1990s, it has the status of Stavropigial (the status drawing the monastery, Lavra, etc. independent of the local diocesan power and subordinate to the Patriarch or Synod). Located in the village of Kremääe (Ida-Virusky County Estonia). Pühtitsa (Pühtitsa) in Estonian means "holy place".

Soomaa

National Park in Estonia, located in the border western part of Viljandimaa. It was created in 1993 to protect wetlands, meadows and forests. The name of the park in translation from Estonian means "country of swamps".

Estonian open-air museum

It is a natural amount of reconstruction of rural / fishing village XVIII B.., In which there is a church, a stall courtyard, a school, several mills, a fire depot, twelve courtyards and canopies for networks. The museum occupies an area of \u200b\u200b72 hectares and includes 72 independent buildings. Located 8 km west of Tallinn. Based in 1957Represents 68 farm houses combined in twelve courtyards from the north, south and west of Estonia. Along with the farms, old public buildings are located on solitary and groups with the aim of submitting an overview of the Estonian national architecture of the last two centuries.

Church of St. Nicholas (Tallinn)

The former Lutheran Church, in which the Museum-Concert Hall is currently located. The building of the church is located in the old town of Tallinn. This temple, named after the patron saint of all sevosts - St. Nicholas, was founded by German merchants in XIII century The Nigulist Museum is one of the four branches of the Estonian Art Museum.

Estonian historical museum

Was founded by pharmacar Johann Budrdt VIII (1776-1838), which contained a pharmacy, known as the Town Hall Pharmacy (existing until today). In 2011, a large reconstruction was completed at the museum. The historic museum includes Majymyagi Castle. He was transferred to the museum in 1975 as a branch. The exposure of the branch covers the period from the beginning of the XIX century.

Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (Tallinn)

Stavropigial Cathedral Orthodox Cathedral Temple under the administration of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (from May 1945). Located in Tallinn, on the elevation of Tompea (Vyshgorod).
Its construction is completed in 1900, the author of the project is the architect M. T. Preobrazhensky. Erected in memory of the wonderful salvation of Emperor Alexander III in the railway accident on October 17, 1888.

Kadriorg.

Baroque palace-park ensemble in Tallinn. His name is Ekaterinenthal (Katerintal in German "Valley of Katerina") received in honor spouses Peter I - Catherine I. Residents of Estonia call this place Cadriorg.
During the Northern War (1700-1721), Estonia was attached to Russia. Revel capitulated in the fall of 1710, and in December 1711 Peter I, together with Catherine, visited the city for the first time. The king liked the neighborhood of Lasnamya. From here, from the cliff, a view of the city and to the built harbor was opened. In 1714, Peter bought a drainage of their summer estate in state ownership from Widow. The preserved house of this estate was put in order and adapted under the residence of the king. This house is now known as Peter's house. The modest house was convenient for overnight and review the picturesque surroundings, but did not meet the modesty of sizes and design. The bookmark of the new palace and park ensemble was started on July 25, 1718 by order of Peter I. The Palace is broken by the park, dug ponds.

Lake Yuleistela

Lake in the vicinity of Tallinn. It is a source of drinking water of the city from the XIV century. In the lake there are different types of fish, including acne, delivered here in 1986
According to Estonian legends, Lake Yuleiste arose from the tears of the Linda girl, who, crouching on the boulder, mourned her dead husband Kaleva.
The legend of the elder from Julistra is widespread. For those whom he will meet on his path, he asks: "Tallinn has already completed?". If someone responds, which was completed, then, according to legend, Lake Julista will flood the city. For this reason, construction in Tallinn should not stop.

Island Nissar

Island in Finnish Bay to the north-west of Tallinn. Due to the strategic position of the island on the approach to Tallinn, fortification structures were built on it with XVIII B.., In 1911, the island turned into a "land dreadnought", covering the Tallinn raid with its instruments.
Until World War II, the commune of Estonian Swedes lived on the island, and during the Soviet authority there was a military base, civilians were not allowed for him. Currently, the base on the island is disbanded, and it can be visited for inspecting the remnants of military structures and a large number of shells of sea mines.

Tallinn Botanical Sad.

It was founded on December 1, 1961 in Cloostrimetsa as the Institute of the Academy of Sciences. In 1992, the Tallinn Botanical Garden entered the Bedanic Gardens Association of Baltic countries and in 1994 to the International Organization of Nature Protection of Botanical Gardens. The following exposures are presented in the garden: "Tropical house", "Tropics", "subtropics", "Desert", "Roses", "Tulips", "Rhododendrons", "Alpinarium", "Mixed Forest", "Coniferous forest".

Monastery of Holy Birgitty

Former Catholic Monastery in Tallinn. The church was built in 1436 The structure was a typical sacred construction for the Middle Ages in the late decorative style. The complex was destroyed in 1575 during the Livonian war. Only the Western Fronton of the Monastery Church with a height of 35 m is preserved, as well as fragments of lateral walls.
The originality of this female monastery was that it was allowed to live and lead the worship of the male priests. The monastery community did not exceed 85 people - 60 sisters and 25 brothers.
Currently, the ancient ruins of the monastery turned into a unique attraction and a wonderful place to relax. The object is a historical architectural monument. Surrounded by majestic ruins and picturesque nature, concerts in the open air are arranged and the day of the monastery is celebrated annually, accompanied by the Fair. On the territory of the ruins of the complex pass excursions.

Narva Castle

Medieval castle in the Estonian city of Narva on the banks of the River Narva, founded by the Danes in XIII B.. For its history, the castle belonged to Denmark, the Livonian Order, Russia, Sweden and Estonia. During World War II, it was badly damaged. Today the castle is restored, there is Narva Museum in it.
Opposite the Castle of Herman, on the other side of the Narova River, there is a Russian Ivangorod fortress.

Waterfall Yagala

This is a waterfall on the eponymous river. The height of the waterfall is about 8 m, and the width is about 50 m.

Karula National Park

It was created to protect and represent the hilly landscapes inherent in southern Estonia rich in forests and lakes, as well as for the protection and submission of local culture. It was established in 1979 first as a reserve, and in 1993 transformed into a national park. In antiquity, during the retreat of the mainland glacier at the foot of the Karula hills, numerous lakes were formed - 38 of them are located in the park. The largest of the local lakes - Yakhiyarv (176 hectares), and the deepest - Savyarv (18 m).

Valate waterfall

The highest waterfall in Estonia (height is 30.5 m) and Baltic countries. In 1996, the Commission of the Academy of Sciences was declared a natural heritage and the national symbol of Estonia. The waterfall was created by an artificial collace organized for the removal of excess water from the fields. Water falls from a mlint consisting of sandstone and ancient silhorian limestone. In the cold winters the waterfall freezes.
Valast is one of the most popular and visited by tourists of Estonian waterfalls. For them, an observation platform is built.

Vilsandi National Park

Includes part of the Island of Wilsandi, a number of small islands to the west of Saaremaa Island, as well as the Charilad Islands Peninsula.
Was founded in 1910. Its area is 237.6 km². Sea climate. 247 species of birds live in Wilsandi, about 80 species of fish.

Matsalu National Park

Swan-Clikun

Based in 1957. On the basis of an ornithological reserve and a cooling training and experienced economy (initially as a reserve) for the protection of natural complexes and a variety of bird fauna (about 280 species, including over 160 nesting). Ornithological studies in the modern territory of the park are conducted since 1870. Fauna Park has 280 species of birds, 49 species of fish, 47 species of mammals and 772 species of vascular plants. Here is one of the most important migration routes of flight birds. Especially numerous in the reserve waterfowl and swamp birds. On the span of swan-clikun, northern ducks and hills. In the reeds, Swan-Shipun, gray goose, linen the spleen of Kryakv and Redogolovy Vyskkov. On grassy meadows, river ducks arrange their nests, a lot of kelors. The islands nest Gaga, Crested Blackt, Peganki, Chrochal, Turpan, Seagulls and Colt.

Cassari.

Island in the west of Estonia. On the island there is an object of cultural heritage of Estonia, chapel Cassari.created by B. XVIII B.. It is the only active chapel of stone and with a straw roof. The building is built in the form of a tower, in the Gothic style.

Castle Haapsalu

Episcopal castle with the cathedral located in the center of Haapsalu in the west of Estonia. Was founded in XIII century As the center of Ezel-Vick Bishopric. According to the existing legend, during the August full moon on the inner wall of the chapel, an image of a white lady occurs.

Lake Pyukhayarv (Holy Lake)

It is considered one of the most beautiful lakes of Estonia.

Tourism in Estonia

In addition to visiting the attractions of the country, in Estonia you can enjoy an active holiday: persim. and cycling hikes, skayving, windsurfing, rafting, sailing, geocaching, karting, golf, bowling, paintball, visit attractions, and in winter to ride Ski and snowboard, on the sanya and skate.

History of Estonia

Ancient Estonia

The life of people in modern Estonia has become possible after the departure of the glacier 12 thousand years old Back. In the first millennium BC. e. The population of the territory of the current Estonia proceeds to a tremendous lifestyle and builds the first fortified settlements. This period (I is the beginning of the II thousand to n. Er) is known in archeology as a culture of stone burial grounds.

In the picture: Stone Mogils of the Bronze Century in the north of Estonia

Middle Ages

The first mention of the cities of Tartu (Yuriev, Derpt) and Tallinn (Kolyvan, Lidna, Lindanis, Reval) appeared in XI and XII century IN 1116 G.. Novgorod residents took the city of Bear Head (Sovr. Odea). At the beginning XII B.. A Livonian crusade has begun, which has spread to Estonia's lands (Estonia): 1202 g. It began her conquest of crusaders. Only in 1211 G.. Chok broke the crusaders on the river of the hummer. IN 1212According to the Novgorod Chronicles, Prince Mstislav made two successful campaigns to Chud, capturing in the first large amount of livestock, and in the second without storming, conquering the city of the bear head.

Danish Estonia. Warband

IN 1219-1220 As a result of the Danish cross campaign, the Danes were captured by modern northern Estonia, but as a result of the uprising of 1223. was released from the Crusaders and Danes. Union was concluded with Novgorod and Pskov. By 1227, the German knighthood managed to master the entire territory of modern Estonia. In the XIV century Estonia belonged to the Teutonic Order. At the beginning of the XVI century. In Estonia, serfdom was finally established. It was divided between the Dania, the speech of the pricillary, Russia, Sweden as a result of the Livonian War (1558-1583 ).

Swedish Estonia

IN 1570 On the lands of the Livonian Confederation King Ivan IV Grozny Created Livonian kingdom Head with the Danish Prince, Duke Magnus, Vassal of the Russian Kingdom. During the Livonian war, the Russian troops approached the walls of the roar twice: in 1570 and 1577, but both times the siege ended with nothing. At the beginning XVII century The struggle for the Baltic States between Sweden and the Commonwealth has continued, and under the terms of her Altmar A truce 1629 All the Liflyand Duchy (included modern South Estonia and Northern Latvia) took place to Sweden. After the defeat in the war of 1643-1645. Denmark gave way to Eselev, and Sweden took possession of the entire modern territory of Estonia. To end XVII century Sweden retained its position in Estlandia.

Estonia as part of the Russian Empire (1721-1918)

At the beginning XVIII century The interests of the Russian Empire in the Baltic region faced the interests of Sweden. Northern War (1700-1721) ended with Sweden's surrender and accession in 1710. Estland and Liflandia (Latvia) to the Russian Empire, which was officially enshrined Nesteadt peace treaty 1721 On the territory of the modern northern Estonia, the Revetsky province was formed (from 1783. Estland province), and modern South Estonia together with modern Northern Latvia formed Liflyand Gubernia. After the addition of Estland lands to the Russian Empire, Peter I restored the rights of the German aristocracy, lost it with the Swedish rule. By the end XVIII century More than half of the Estonian population of the province skillfully read. In 1802, a reopened founded in 1632 Derptsky University, closed during the Northern War. In the same year, a reform was carried out, mitigating the serfdom, ensuring the property rights of peasants to movable property and created the courts to solve peasant issues. The abolition of serfdom in 1816 was an important step towards the liberation of Estonian peasants from German dependence, but a few more decades have passed before they received the right to acquire land to property.
IN 1914 In the ranks of the Russian army, 140 personnel officers of Estonian nationality were served, about one hundred thousand Estonians participated in the battles of the First World War, and 2 thousand of them received officer ranks.

Estonia in the German occupation

25 February 1918 The German troops entered Revel, and by March 4, all Estonian lands were fully occupied by the Germans and included in the region of the High Command with all German armed forces in the East.
By Brest Mirthe RSFSR refused his rights to the Baltic States occupied by Germany. The German occupation authorities did not recognize the independence of Estonia and established a military-occupation regime in the region, in which officers of the German army were appointed to key administrative positions or the Ostsee Germans. In the occupied territory, Military Governor was formed.

War for independence

Estonian war for independence during the period 1918-1920. Estonian and Western historians also call the "Liberation War". The defeat of Germany in the First World War put on the agenda the issue of evacuating the German troops from the occupied Eastern lands. In 1918, part of the Soviet 7th Army, including the Red Estonian shelves, were taken by Narva, where the Estland labor communion was proclaimed on the same day. The Soviet offensive developed from the southeast, from Pskov. At the busy red army, the territory began to act decrees of Soviet power. But January 7. 1919. Estonian troops, strengthened by Russian White Guards and Finnish volunteers, and with active support for the English squadron, passed into the offensive in the Narva direction, and a little later - and on Pskov. Out of Estonia, parts of the Red Army and the detachments of the Estland Labor Commune were ousted.
February 2 1920 between the RSFSR and the Estonian Republic was concluded Yuryevsky peace treatywhich both parties officially recognized each other. The border between the two countries was delimited. As a result, the composition of Estonia turned out to be a rather extensive territory with the predominance of the Russian population. It was mostly areas of the Pechora Territory, the fourth and the territory to the east of the River Narva. According to the current, official position of Estonia, the Tartu Mirny Agreement did not lose legal force in 1940 with the termination of the existence of the Estonian Republic as an independent state, since the entry of Estonia to the USSR in modern Estonia is officially interpreted as an occupation. But the RSFSR became the first state that legally recognized the Estonian republic. But what the former Minister of the Interim Government of Russia wrote Guccov Churchill: "Estonia produces mass evictions of Russian subjects without explanation of reasons and even without warning ... Russian people in these provinces dysfect, defenseless and helpless. The peoples and the governments of the young Baltic states are completely intoxicated by the wines of national independence and political freedom. "
Political life from 1920 to 1934. It was characterized in Estonia by multiparty, female struggle of parties in parliament and rapidly changing governments (23 governments changed over 14 years).

1934 state coup

March 12. 1934. K. Pyats. together with J. Lyidonerwho again headed the Estonian army, made a coup. As a result, the military coup was established authoritarian Board And declared a state of emergency. Began a period called "Silence Epoch". In accordance with the new Constitution of the head of state, the president was becoming elected for 6 years (K. Pyats). In 1938, "camps for the Lodi" - camps for forced labor are unemployed. There was a prison regime, a 12-hour working day and punishment by rugs. In the "Camps for the Lodi" concluded for a period of 6 months to 3 years of all "tenting without work and livelihoods".

Accession of Estonia to the USSR

In March 1939. The USSR led negotiations with England and France, understanding the real danger of the awkward war. The USSR proposed measures to joint preventing Italian-German aggression against European countries and put forward on April 17, 1939. The following provisions that have obligated (USSR, England and France) are: to provide all kinds, including military, assistance to Eastern European countries located between the Baltic and Black seas and bordering the Soviet Union; To conclude a period of 5-10 years on mutual assistance, including military, in the event of aggression in Europe against any of the Contracting States (USSR, England and France. After recognition by the Soviet leadership of the failure of negotiations with England and France, the USSR began negotiations with Germany.

August 23 1939 The aggression agreement was concluded between Germany and the Soviet Union ( molotov Pact - Ribbentrop). According to a secret additional protocol on the delimitation of mutual interests in Eastern Europe in the case of the "territorial and political reorganization", the inclusion of Estonia, Latvia, Finland, East Poland and Bessarabia in the sphere of interests of the USSR was envisaged.

The Second World War

A significant part of Estonians perceived the arrival of the German army, as the liberation from the Soviet IHA and enthusiastically supported the occupying authorities. A collaborationist organization was created "Omakaits" ("Self-defense"), who collaborated with the German occupation regime. Members of Omakaites, the 3rd Estonian Volunteer SS Brigade, as well as police battalions participated in battles with partisans, fractures of civilians, robbery, destroy entire villages in Belarus and the mass disposition of the civilian population to Germany. Soviet troops freed Estonia in 1944., Power in Tallinn moved to the Government of the Estonian SSR, who returned from evacuation.

Estonia as part of the USSR

September 29th 1960 The Council of Europe adopted a resolution condemning the military occupation of the Baltic countries from the USSR. From this time, anti-Soviet demonstrations began, including the youth. During the Gorbachev perestroika, the protests against the system became open and frequent. November 16. 1988. The Supreme Council of the Estonian SSR announced the sovereignty of Estonia.

Estonia independence

January 12. 1991 Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin Making a visit to Tallinn, during which he signed with the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia Arnold Ruytel. Treaty on the foundations of interstate relations of the RSFSR with the Estonian Republic. The article I recognized each other by independent states. 6 September 1991. The USSR State Council officially recognized Estonia's independence.

There is not so many European countries in which it is comfortable to travel by car, and from the large part of our immense country. The concept of "comfortable" for me in this case does not exceed 1000 km. Of course, you can both two and three thousand driving, and we practiced it even, but such runs already entail a certain discomfort and fatigue for the driver and passengers.

So Estonia for children is just the country, the path to which from the central part of Russia will be about 1000 km, and from Western and is less. I'm not talking about the residents of Pskov or the Leningrad Region, who ride Estonia on weekends as to his country.

If you were lucky enough to come to this now the European country by car, then it is necessary to use this advantage of everything one hundred. And if you are with you children, then go to the southern Estonia immediately, because there are restlings!

1. Pokumaa, or the country of the rest

This is a place created on the books of Edgar Walter, a children's writer and illustrator. Many remember his illustrations to the book of Eno Raud "Sipsyk" - the image of a boy's doll in a striped overalls, with a smile to ears, still remains the most successful. The rest is the literary embodiment of Fantasy Edgar Walter. So he called the revived marshes, who lived a quietly peacefully on the swamp, did not touch anyone, but the swamp was dried, and we had to go on the way to search for a new home. So they met a good old pitch with a dog Egoy and began to live together. Illustrations to Shim, the author also drew himself.

In Pokumaa very well in summer. In the main house you can immediately change clothes into docks and walk everywhere, pretending to the swamp bar. In Rudomy, interesting things will be met by constantly, even a secret staircase there, and it leads to the game room. In the Great Hall you can visit the master class and make your little peace. Here is the picture exhibition Edgar Walter. Very fabulous place, EOT loose!

Pokumaa is not limited to one loose, there is where to walk. In a small hut bake pancakes and serve Estonian national milk drinks like muesli with yogurt. Not far there is a bath. It was not offered to get it in it, but to go inside, see how everything is arranged there. There are ecological trails favorite Estonians. And a lot, many strawberries!

Site: http://www.lennundusmuuseum.ee/index.php?lang\u003d3.
Address: Lange, Haaslava Vald 62115 Tartumaa. 58 ° 17'16.5 ", 26 ° 45'51.01".
Ticket price: adult - 7 euros; Children - 3 euros (from 7 to 17 years)

4. Agricultural Museum

It sounds, of course, not particularly exciting, but the place is really interesting. It looks like a farm, consisting of a complex of buildings - cowpers, sheds of all sorts. Everything is very well maintained, even, in general, as taken from Estonians. Each pavilion is devoted to some topic - beekeeping, crop production, poultry farming, growing and use of flax, cattle breeding ... The objects of life of the peasants are also. There is a farm with sheep, cows and a pig. Stable too. And an exhibition of agricultural equipment on the street. Everything can be touched, twist, rotate. Show your child how to grow wheat and what needs to be done with her to get bread too. How flax is fabric, and how scales look for eggs. In general, we liked it. At the same time they enlightened children in some issues. Now they know that bread does not grow on a tree.

Site: http://www.epm.ee/ru/
Address: Pargi 4, ÜLenurme, Tartumaa
Ticket price: adult - 4 euros; Children - 2 euros; Family - 8 Euro

5. Forest zoo elitere.

This zoo was created as a nursery to push patients with forest beasts. It is located right in the forest, on the site of the estate estate park. Exotics You can not find here, but see the bear, lynx, deer and moose in the habitat's usual for them will definitely succeed. The place very places to leisurely walks, love with nature and fancy wooden and stone benches, scattered here, then there. I love Elitere, especially in the fall.

Site: http://www.rmk.ee/temq/otdqhajushemu-na-prirode/lesnoi-zoopark-elistvere
Address: Eliterer, Volost Tabivere, Yyguevsky County 49103
Ticket price: adult - 3.20 euros; Children's (7-17 years) - 1.60 euros; Children's (3-7 years) - 1.00 euros; Family - 6.40 euros

6. Castle Alatskivi

The picturesque castle in the neoadic style, which began to build back in the XVI century, but later rebuilt. The castle is an exhibition dedicated to the life and creativity of Edward Pubin, a famous Estonian composer, as the guidebook says. The place is beautiful, the nature is beautiful, in the basement there is also an exhibition of wax figures. Information for romantics - one wing of the castle is used as a hotel and a restaurant, and there are always happy to visitors.

Site: http://www.alatskiviloss.ee/rus/
Address: Alatskvi Volost, 60201, Tartu County
Ticket price: adult - 5 euros; children's - 3 euros; Family - 10 Euro

7. Center for the Ice

Excellent museum made in modern interactive format. Below is a very peculiar room for kids. With a boards for rock painting and a large sandbox for archaeological excavations. Very original, and therefore interesting. In the museum itself, the mammoth and saber-toothed tiger will meet, impressive very much. Further, a series of informative-entertaining expositions and an attraction that we liked the most - Kalevipaug, the Estonian mythical warrior, throws the stones as far as possible, so he struggles with the unclean power. The museum itself is interesting, but he is also located in a very picturesque place - on the shore of Lake Sadjärv, there is even a national geografic framework nearby. In the summer, those who wish can ride on the raft on Lake Sadjärv, accompanied by the Museum Guides.