United Armed Forces NATO in Europe. Army housings rapid deployment of NATO ATS. NATO Armed Forces on Atlantic

Foreign Military Review No. 10/2009, p. 3-14

Common military problems

ColonelA. Kalugin

The highest political and military-political governing bodies of the North Atlantic Unionthere are advice NATO, NATO Military Planning Committee and NATO Nuclear Planning Group, whose work is provided by various committees, agencies, bureaus and other special structures. The activities of the highest governing bodies organize the Alliance Secretary General.

NATO Council- The highest organ of the North Atlantic Union, which has the right to make decisions on all the activities of the Alliance. It includes representatives of all the countries participating in the block, using equal rights when discussing and making decisions.

The activities of the Higher Political Authority are organized in the form of sessions, which are conducted at a different level (heads of states and governments, foreign ministers, defense ministers, permanent representatives of Member States). The place, time and level of their holding defines the Secretary General of the Alliance after the relevant consultations. At the same time, the powers of the NATO Council, the right to adopt solutions and the decisions themselves have the same status and legal force regardless of the level of representation.

Meetings at the level of the heads of state and governments are held to solve particularly important issues, as a rule, every two years. At least two times a year, the summer and winter sessions of the NATO Council at the level of foreign ministers are held, on which, depending on the nature of the issues under discussion, the participation of other ministers of the member states of the Alliance is possible. Summer sessions are held alternately in the participating countries, the winter - at the headquarters of the Alliance in Brussels. These meetings consider the most important political and military-political issues of the organization's activities.

The structure of the highest governing bodies of NATO

Also twice a year, the NATO Council holds meetings at the level of defense ministers. They discusses the problems of the use of coalition troops (forces) and conceptual issues of military construction of the united armed forces (ABS) of the block.

Council meetings at the level of permanent representatives of the Member States of the Alliance in the rank of ambassadors (meetings of the NATO Standing Council) take place at least once a week. They consider the political aspects of the current activities of the block, the positions of member countries on topical international problems are coordinated, the actions of national governments to conduct military-political activities developed by coalition governing bodies are coordinated. If necessary, extraordinary sessions of the NATO Council may be convened if necessary.

Decisions at meetings of the Council are made on the principle of consensus, are issued as a final document and are signed by representatives of the States parties.

The headquarters of the NATO Council, as well as the majority of other permanent and temporarily created executive bodies are in Brussels. Official working languages \u200b\u200b- English and French.

Military Committee nATO planning (qP) he is the highest military-political authority of the North Atlantic Union. Committee meetings with the participation of the Ministers of Defense of the Block Member States are held twice a year before the sessions of the NATO Council. They discusses the problems of planning joint military activities, including the construction of the combined armed forces of the Alliance, the plans for their improvement and comprehensive support, and are also given the appointments by the commander of the coalition authorities of military management. In the period between the meetings of the CCP, the management of the organization's military-political activities is carried out by the NATO Military Planning Committee, consisting of permanent representatives of the Block countries (they work in the Permanent Council of NATO). During its meetings, current military-political and administrative and financial issues are discussed, and various aspects of the functioning of subordinate military bodies are considered. Decisions of the Military Planning Committee are final and not subject to approval by the NATO Council.

Nuclear group nATO planning (gyap) - The Supreme Governing Body of the Alliance on Nuclear Policy. The main purpose of the Group is to study the general problems of the nuclear strategy of the North Atlantic Union, developing plans for the development of the nuclear forces of the block, considering the issues of deployment, security, security and survivability of Yao, control over the arms and the spread of the OMP. Meup meetings with the participation of the Ministers of Defense of the Alliance countries (except France) are held, as a rule, twice a year in the framework of the work of the Military Planning Committee chaired by the NATO Secretary General or his deputy. The representative of Iceland participates in the work of the group as an observer. In the period between the meetings of the PCP, its function performs a permanent group of nuclear planning, which includes representatives of the states of the block in the constant Council of NATO.

The main preparatory work of the nuclear planning group meetings is carried out by a pile group of the PC, which meets at least once a week. The main advisory body at the PCA is a high-level group. It includes high-ranking representatives of military departments and government agencies of the block member countries, as well as experts specializing in coalition nuclear policy. The meetings of this group are held several times a year chaired by the United States.

NATO Secretary General he is the chairman of the NATO Council, the Committee of Military Planning, the Nuclear Planning Committee and a number of leading permanent committees of the Alliance (Chief Committee for Civil Emergency Planning, the Committee on Standardization, the Conference of the NATO Tar Player, the Conference of the Heads of National Arming Offices). It coordinates the work of these structures, controls the execution of decisions taken and performs executive functions.

In addition, the Secretary-General is headed by the Council of Euro-Atlantic Partnership (SeaP) and the Mediterranean Cooperation Group, and also holds the position of Chairman of the Russian Council - NATO (SRN), NATO Commission - Ukraine and NATO - Georgia. It is not part of any national delegation and accountable only to the NATO Council.

The Secretary-General is elected, as a rule, for a four-year period based on the principle of the unanimity of all countries of the block. Allied states (about six months before entry into position) put forward their candidates, and the official appointment of a new general secretary takes place at the NATO Council session. However, informally coordination of acceptable candidates is carried out primarily between the leading countries of the Alliance with the active involvement of their foreign policy and defense departments to this work. At the Summit of the Alliance in the city of Strasbourg / Kel, Anders Fogh Rasmussen was approved for the post of new Secretary General NATO, who was before the Prime Minister of Denmark. Date of his entry into office on August 1, 2009.

The main workers of the Secretary-General is International Secretariat NATO , consisting of six controls and two independent departments. The total number of secretariat personnel is about 1,300 people.

Policies and security issuesresponsible for the planning and implementation of NATO activities in the political area related to the implementation of the main tasks of the Alliance, as well as for organizing cooperation with international organizations and partner countries. This body is developing documents on foreign policy and financial and economic activities for the UPR Block and the participating countries. The general management of the Office implements the Assistant Secretary-General NATO for political issues and security, which is simultaneously the Chairman of the Political Committee and acts as the Chairman of a number of other committees.

Military Policy and Planning Managementresponsible for the planning and implementation of NATO activities in the military sphere, the implementation of the policy of the Alliance in the field of nuclear weapons and protection against weapons of mass lesion. It deals with the coordination of the doctrines and strategic concepts of participating countries, conducting research of the general and private aspects of military planning and policy of the Alliance, coordinating plans for the construction of ATS blocks and their technical equipment, the study of Sun countries that are not included in NATO, and their operational opportunities for hostilities , organization of computer accounting data on NATO ATS and research on evaluating the effectiveness of the alliance in the military field. Management management is carried out by Assistant Secretary-General for Military Policy and Planning.

Operational managementresponsible for maintaining the combat capacity of NATO ATS at the required level, the organization of crisis regulation, peacekeeping activities, civil emergency planning, operational and combat training. It also studies and implementing issues related to the settlement of political and military crises, provides preparation of the operations of the ABS of the Blok, controls their conduct and organizes interaction in this area with the UN, OSCE and the EU, and also forms military civilian cooperation policy within NATO. Heads the Office of Assistant Secretary-General for operations, which is simultaneously chairman of the Main Committee of Emergency Civil Planning.

Military investment managementresponsible for the development and conduct of the investment policy of the Alliance in order to increase the military capabilities of NATO and increasing the resources of the block. This body is entrusted with the preparation of relevant documents on promising research and development, production and procurement of weapons and military equipment, the development of air defense tools and air traffic control systems, as well as improving military infrastructure in the Alliance's responsibility area. The general management of the Office implements the Assistant Secretary-General for military investments, which is simultaneously the Chairman of the Conference of the Heads of National Agencies on the Army and the Infrastructure Committee, as well as the NATO Committee co-chaired by standardization committee.

Public Relations Officeresponsible for NATO's information and promotion. To this end, it exercises close cooperation with the media, organizes the publication and dissemination of printed information, supporting the information server of the Alliance on the Internet, as well as conducting seminars, conferences and various types of activities covered by NATO. Heads the Office of Assistant Secretary-General for Public Relations.

NATO Secretary Generalresponsible for the decision of organizational issues of training and holding meetings of the NATO Council, the Committee of Military Planning and Nuclear Planning Committee, as well as for organizing the work of NATO headquarters in general and the International Secretariat in particular. The Office conducts minutes of meetings of higher NATO bodies, issues and takes into account decisions, monitors their passage and implementation. One of its main tasks is to ensure the activities of the highest organs of NATO in various conditions of the situation. At the same time, the control performs the functions of the personnel of technical and service personnel, as well as the financial department of the International Secretariat. General management management is carried out by the Assistant Secretary General for the executive and administrative issues.

To the highest military authorities of the North Atlantic Unionthe NATO Military Committee and the International Military Headquarters of NATO.

NATO Military Committee (VC)it works under the general guidance of the NATO Council and the NATO Military Planning Committee. It consists of headquarters of the Alliance. Iceland, which has no armed forces, is represented by a civil observer. The Committee participates in the development of the concepts of the ABS of the Blok, organizes the implementation of the construction of coalition troops (forces), develops plans for military operations, informs the highest governing bodies of the Alliance on the military-political situation in various regions of the world, is preparing recommendations on military issues for the NATO Council and the Committee Military planning, manages the activities of subordinate military bodies.

Heads the NATO Military Committee Chair, elected for a three-year term. He conducts meetings of the VC and participates with the right of a deliberative voice in the meetings of the NATO Council and the Military Planning Committee. In addition, a person who occupies this position is executed by representative functions in the countries of the Block and partner countries who are members of the Council of Euro-Atlantic Partnership and Program Program. The Chairman also submits the Military Committee in the Council of Russia - NATO, NATO Commissions - Ukraine and NATO - Georgia and the Mediterranean Cooperation Group.

The US Deputy Chairman is appointed Representative of the United States. He is responsible for planning the application of the nuclear power of the block, the organization of control over arms, informing the Guidelines on the state of the NATO ATS, the development of recommendations for decision-making by the senior authorities of the Alliance.

Meetings of the NATO Military Committee at the level of chiefs of general staff are held at least three times a year. Two of them are held in Brussels, and one - in turn in the participating countries. On them may be the Supreme Commander-in-Chief NATO. In the period between meetings, the monitoring of the implementation of adopted VC decisions and coordination of the activities of military bodies and commands of the block is carried out by the Permanent Military Committee, which includes representatives of the GSH countries of the Alliance Military Organization. Its meetings are organized weekly on Thursdays after the meetings of the NATO Permanent Council passing on Wednesdays.

International Military Headquarters (MVS) NATO submits to the NATO Military Committee and provides its work. The headquarters is responsible for analyzing the Military Policy of the Alliance, the preparation of recommendations for its development, planning the activities of the VC, the preparation of projects for its decisions and their implementation. Employees of MVS (440 people, including 80 civil servants), sent by national military bodies to work in it, do not have executive functions and are subject to the NATO Command.

A military committee is appointed to the position of head of the International Military Staff by the Military Committee, one of the representatives of the Military Organization of the Block in the rank of general (Admiral) is appointed. The chairman of the VC and the head of the MVS cannot be representatives of one country.

The International Military Headquarters consists of five departments, three departments, the three Bureau and the NATO Headquarters Secretariat on consultations in matters of command and management. In addition, the Staff structure includes the NATO Center (Situational Center), which was highlighted at the disposal of the NATO International Secretariat and is subordinated to the Assistant Secretary General for operations.

MVS daily activities provide headquarters Department(Personal Office). He is responsible for the coordination of the work of the headquarters units, as well as for accounting and bringing to his employees of incoming information and documents.

Military Policy and Planning Officeorganizes the development of NATO military-strategic plans, determines the procedure for the use of nuclear forces and ABS of the block, plans the main directions of their further construction. The Office also prepares proposals for changes in the coalition military strategy of the Alliance, taking into account new military-strategic concepts, participates in the planning of measures for the Prm Program, in the development and coordination of materials for negotiations on the restriction and reduction of nuclear forces, conventional weapons and armed forces in Europe.

Operational managementdevelops current operational plans and guidelines on operational and combat training, prepares projects of solutions of the Military Committee on certain issues of construction and the use of NATO ATS shall, constitutes the plans of the KSHA and military games, represents VC reports on the major exercises. This body is engaged in coordinating the plans for the operational and combat training of the Armed Forces of the Block countries, including exercises with the participation of States participating in the Prm Program. In addition, the Office coordinates the application of Reb funds and their modernization, ensures the activities of the NATO Committee on the air defense and organizes the fulfillment of its decisions.

Intelligence managementalong with the assessment and processing of incoming intelligence information, information and analytical materials for the highest governing bodies of NATO are preparing. Management does not have its own forces and means for collecting intelligence, so in its work it uses information provided by the strategic command of NATO ATS operations and block member states.

Cooperation and Regional Security Officeit is responsible for interaction with the countries - participants of the Prm, SeaP, Mediterranean dialogue program, the development of cooperation with the EU and the OSCE, coordinating partnership with Russia, Ukraine and Georgia. It is also developing recommendations on disarmament and NATO participation in arms control work.

Restaurant, Arms and Resources Managementresponsible for the development of the conceptual bases of rear support, planning and organizing the logistics and transportation of NATO ATS, as well as for the operational equipment of the area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility of these forces. It analyzes the possibilities of coalition structures and member countries of the Alliance on the allocation and use of human, material and financial resources, develops projects of NATO's annual military budgets. In addition, managed issues of standardization and operational compatibility of weapons.

NATO Headquarters Secretariat for Consultations in Commmary and Managementit has double submission (structurally part of the International Military Staff, but is promptly subordinated to the International Secretariat of NATO). Its tasks are the development of directives for the implementation, operation and maintenance of communication systems and NATO information systems, as well as monitoring their implementation. The Secretariat promotes the activities of NATO's senior governing bodies in the use of management and communication systems. He works under the joint leadership of the Assistant Secretary-General for Military Investments and the Head of the International Military Staff.

A special place in the activities of the International Military Staff takes NATO Estimation Center(SITCEN), which is responsible for the collection, generalization and analysis of political, economic and military information, as well as for developing information and analytical materials. It tracks the military-political situation around the clock in all regions of the world and promptly brings it to the Alliance leadership. The center has a direct connection with the NATO Military Committee and the OWS Staff Operational Center of the Alliance. It also interacts directly with similar national centers of the participating countries.

Structure alliance Unified Armed Forcesit has three levels - strategic, operational and strategic and operational (species). At the strategic level, two commands are functioning - a strategic command of operations (SKA) of the United Armed Forces of the Alliance and the Command of Strategic Studies (KSI) NATO.

Strategic command of operations of OVS NATO (Costo, Belgium) performs functions on the organization of operational planning and the use of grouping of troops (forces) of the North Atlantic Union in the entire area of \u200b\u200bNATO's responsibility and abroad.

The structure of the headquarters of the NATO-typical for the military authority of the NATO ATS and includes nine controls: frames (L), intelligence (J2), operational and combat training (J3), rear support (J4), promising planning (J5), communications and information systems (J6), ORDER AND DEPARTMENTS (J7), Fiscal and Financial (J8) and military civil activities (J9). Management J3 and J7, as well as J5 and J9 in peacetime are combined.

The headquarters are functionally divided into operational (J2, J3, J5, J7 and J9) and providing (L, J4, J6 and J8), of which the first five directly subordinate to the deputy head of the headquarters (ZNSH) on operational issues, the rest - ZNSH on issues provision. This command of the strategic level is headed by the Supreme Commander from among the generals (admirals) of the US Armed Forces, which occupies this post part-time with the post of commander of the United States Armed Command in the European zone. It is appointed by the decision of the NATO Council with the approval of all countries of the block. The term of its powers is three years with the possibility of extension to five years.

The Supreme Commander subordinates three coalition bodies of the operational and strategic level - the United ABS Command of the Alliance "North", "South" and "West". In case of unleashing large-scale hostilities, these structures will solve the tasks of leading the troops (forces) of the unit in the entire area of \u200b\u200bNATO's responsibility and abroad.

In addition to the above bodies of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Alliance ABS, the following commands are subordinated directly: the combined underwater forces of NATO; NATO shock fleet on the Atlantic, which can, if necessary, deployed on the basis of the 2nd Operational Fleet of the US Navy; AWACS-NATO AVACS - NATO long-range radar detection and aircraft management, responsible for the timely provision of the Alliance by operational information on air and maritime environment, as well as for organizing the interaction of United Aviation Commands for Aviation, forces and Air Defense.

The following main tasks are entrusted to VGK OVS Blok: the development of operational plans for the use of coalition groups of troops (forces); maintenance of the alliance ATS to the necessary degree of combat readiness; leadership of the daily activities of subordinate troops (forces); Organization of operational and combat training of troops (forces) of the block and monitoring its implementation in the national Suns allocated to NATO ABS; participation in determining the directions of military construction of the NATO ATS; Distribution of funds and other resources between subordinate management bodies, organizations and institutions.

In addition, during the military operations of the National Academy of Sciences of NATO, the NATO is carried out: the management of the groups of troops (forces) in the responsibility of the Alliance and beyond; coordination of the actions of subordinate management bodies; Organization of interaction of troops (forces) and comprehensive support of the ABS of the block.

The area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility of the strategic command of operations of the NATO ATS includes the territories of the Member States of the block (except US, Canada and France) and the Islands, the Northern, Irish, Norwegian, Baltic, Mediterranean, Black and Azov Seas, the Baltic, Black Sea, Gibraltar , La Mans, the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean (north of the tropic of cancer), as well as airspace over them.

NATO Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the NATO Supreme Commander is carried out through the headquarters of strategic and united commands in the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe block responsibility and abroad.

Commandstrategic research NATO, formed on the basis of the former strategic command of the ATS Alliance on the Atlantic, located in Norfolk (USA). It is not entrusted with the functions of the operational guidance, construction and determination of the new operational capabilities of coalition sun.

The structure of the KSI includes two main management (research and support) subordinates directly VGC. Each of them, in turn, includes two controls responsible for implementing the results of experiments (exercises) and improving the combat capacity of the block (in submission of the main research department), as well as for the development and functioning of automated control systems, exploration and communication, material and technical Provision (subordinate to the General Security Management). The rest of the departments, branches and centers of the headquarters are subordinated to VGC through the heads of the relevant offices. The command is headed by the American General (Admiral), which has the status of the Supreme Commander and at the same time performing the functions of the United States Sun Commander Communication.

The following main tasks are entrusted with the KSI Alliance, the development of strategic concepts and the definition of the directions of the Military and Technical Policy of the Alliance; planning and organizing military construction; development of operational training programs (combat) preparation; determining the content and focus of the further development of the combat capacity of the Alliance; Formation of R & D programs and the development of technical tasks for the creation of new IWT samples; Organization and analysis of the results of fundamental research in the development of modern means of armed struggle; Providing conditions for further reform of the ATS block.

In the interests of the decision of the specified tasks of the NATO, the NATO leadership, the training and methodological activities of the Block's military training centers and research centers, such as the United Center for War Application Concepts of NATO (Yotta, Norway), the United Center for Combat Preparation of NATO ( Bydgoszcz, Poland), anti-submarine research center of the NATO ABS (Spice, Italy), the Joint Center for Analysis and Generalization of the Evps of NATO ABS (Monsanta, Portugal), as well as NATO Military College (Rome, Italy), NATO School in Oburammergau (Germany) , NATO Communication School (Latina, Italy), NATO ASS Center for countering terrorism at sea (courts, Greece) and a number of other military training and research institutions. In addition, the command of strategic research plays a leading role in organizing the work of the established training centers to prepare the Sun of States Parties to the Partnership for Peace program.

The North Atlantic Union, positioning itself as the only guarantor of peace and stability on a global scale, is taking steps to modernize NATO management bodies. For timely response to possible threats and calls, the Alliance's management creates new structures in the management system. In particular, it is actively working on the development of opportunities to ensure the collective protection of NATO information systems and participating countries. To this end, in the structure of the KSI, the formation of computer security management will be completed, which will deal with threats to provide technical assistance to states of the block, and also respond quickly to computer security incidents.

In addition, to expand the possibilities of the Alliance for the implementation of military contacts with partner countries, including to attract crisis response operations in various regions of the world, it is supposed to be created as part of the Military Cooperation Management. It will be formed on the basis of the coordination cell of the NATO partnership, as well as departments of cooperation belonging to the KSI and SKO. The head of this control will simultaneously be the Deputy Head of the Staff of the Ministry of Education on International Military Cooperation.

Thus, the current structure of the Supreme Controls of NATO allows you to flexibly respond to a changing environment in the field of security. It is constantly improving in accordance with new challenges, which, in general, allows the leadership of the North Atlantic Union to promptly decide on the most important issues of military-political and military activities and ensure their implementation, including in the development of the military potential of the block and the use of coalition troops (forces) in The interests of countering modern threats to ensure the safety of countries- members of the Alliance.

In accordance with NATO's senior documents, the main part of the combined armed forces of the block should be prepared for the fulfillment of a wide range of tasks - from the conduct of hostilities under Art. 5 North Atlantic Treaty "On Collective Defense" to participation in the operations to resolve crisis situations. They include national and multinational military formations and management bodies that have been able to conduct active military operations for a long time, including the CWID remote from Europe. Such formations, according to NATO classification, received the name of universal use forces (Deployable Forces).

According to the Command of the ATS Alliance, currently the ability to conduct action on remote TVD have compounds, parts and divisions of the land forces of participating countries with a total number of about 1.5 million people (including marine infantry). At the same time, there are significant part of their part of them (over 990 thousand, a person, about 30 thousand are located on the territory of Europe).

In turn, the European countries of the Alliance in accordance with their obligations are ready to form on the period from 60 to 90 days nine multinational army rapid deployment buildings (AK BR, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps), which will become the basis of the land component of the universal use of NATO ATS. These include: Joint Army Corps (OAK), Eurocorpus BR, German-Dutch, Spanish, Italian, French, Turkish, German-Danish-Polish and Greek Ak BR.

In peacetime, the Army Corps of rapid deployment include only a multinational headquarters, formations that provide its daily activities (Integral Units, communication divisions, logistics, etc.). As well as the management bodies of a divisional (liberty) level (Organic Units), subordinate to the headquarters and responsible for organizing combat training of parts and units of the relevant kind of troops allocated for transmission to the composition of the corps.

According to the accepted approaches, the army housings of rapid deployment are formed on the basis of the so-called framework model, which was used when creating an Oak forces of rapid response (SBR) of NATO. This model assumes that one of the participating countries takes responsibility for organizing management and comprehensive support for multinational formation, it allocates most of the combat compounds (parts and units) and, thus, becomes the state - the founder of the corps. Accordingly, key team posts and more than 60% of posts in the headquarters are given to representatives of the aircraft of this state. The remaining leadership and staff posts are distributed among other block countries, taking into account their contribution to the formation of combat composition of the association.

The framework model has established itself as the most flexible and effective, since only the founder state is permanent here, it is possible to increase the number of participants in the association, and the combat composition of the body may vary depending on the tasks being solved. In addition, in the process of preparing and conducting crisis settlement operations, it is possible to strengthen the associations of this type due to the inclusion of divisions of states that are not included in the North Atlantic Union.

The deployment of AKR is carried out by decision of the NATO Council on the basis of multinational headquarters of corps and national compounds, parts and units. At the same time, the formation may include up to five international compounds of a divisional and (or) brigade level, in the peacetime allocated for transmission to the operational subordination of the building headquarters (Affiliated Combat Units) in accordance with interstate agreements within the Alliance.

These agreements conclude in order to ensure the possibility of using compounds of participating countries in multinational operational and combat training activities, as well as in the composition of the unification of the block operations.

In addition, taking into account the technical agreements subscribed by the country's leadership - the founder of the corps and the NATO command, compounds (parts, divisions) of combat and rear support, intended for transmission to the operational submission of the building headquarters (Dedicated to HQ Units) and List in the list of universal use of the block, annually refineed in accordance with the statements of the participating countries.

In the typical composition of the Army Corps of the NATO ATS, deployed for action within Art. The 5 Washington Treaty "On Collective Defense" includes the following compounds, parts and units:

• Multinational headquarters;
• Center for coordination of air operations;
• Up to 5 combined divisions or brigades;
• Artillery Brigade
• Anti-aircraft missile brigade
• Brigade of army aviation
• Battalion (Brigade) RHBZ
• Engineering and Sapper Brigade;
• Communication Brigade;
• Reconnaissance battalion (brigade);
• Military Police Battalion;
• MTO brigade;
• Medical brigade;
• Squadron UAV;
• Group of forces of special operations;
• Group of military civilian interaction;
• A group of psychological operations.

However, in a real situation, the combat composition of the NATO rapid deployment housing will be formed by a modular principle based on the volume and nature of the upcoming tasks.

Taking into account the existing interstate agreements on the allocation of the Alliance countries and parts of the Alliance countries on some national formations, agreements were concluded about the possible transfer of them into operational submission to various headquarters of army corps, which provides the command of NATO additional possibilities for maneuver forces and means in operational planning . Thus, the Danish motor vehicle division is highlighted for transmission to operational subordination to the headquarters of the combined and German-Danish-Polish army housings of fast deployment.

NATO Guidelines in peacetime pays special attention to maintaining in constant combat readiness and improving the management systems of these buildings. In accordance with the established requirements, multinational headquarters of BR must be capable of:

• establish and maintain interaction with civilian organizations (international, non-governmental, local commercial, medical and industrial), authorities, security and law enforcement services;
• to organize the necessary support to non-military organizations when conducting humanitarian aid operations;
• effectively function in any conditions of the situation, including when conducting military operations of high intensity in the interests of solving a wide range of military tasks of the Alliance, as well as to act as the headquarters of the land component of the interspecific group of troops (forces);
• staffing functions related to the organization of artillery actions, engineering troops, communication troops, aviation, forces and means of logistics and medical support, military police;
• ensure the management of the deployment and use of expedition groups of ground forces in any part of the world in various natural and climatic conditions;
• integrate into a single interspecies system of intelligence, tracking and targeting ISTAR;
• ensure real-time (RMW) (or close to the RMV) estimate of the composition, state and location of their troops (forces);
• use data and exchange information within the "single picture of the operational situation" through subordinate divisions (including those who are outside the combat vehicles);
• process and comprehensively analyze the mined intelligence;
• deploy and ensure sustainable synchronous work of the Tactical Level Command (Brigade Division), the main and spare KP, the rear control point (TPU) of the Army Corps, to ensure the deployment of an advanced (operational) headquarters group as part of the NATO interspecific group management body; \\
• carry out operational management of compounds (parts, divisions) of various types of armed forces, childbirth forces and services;
• independently perform the movement of the field PU using standard vehicles;
• provide the necessary level of RHBS and protection against improvised explosive devices of all personnel and combat equipment;
• act without replenishing the reserves of material means for at least 10 days.

In the interests of bringing the headquarters of army corps in accordance with the above requirements, there are uniform standards for organizational and staff, forces and means allocated to strengthen the headquarters in a crisis situation or in wartime.

The number of personnel of the headquarters of BR in peacetime from 170 to 450 servicemen. Establishing its number in a crisis situation (in wartime) is scheduled by 1.5-2 times.

In accordance with NATO standards for the purposes of organized transition to enhanced (combat) mode of operation, the operational composition of the STAB headquarters in peacetime is distributed by groups and points of perspective. To manage the merge in various operations, the main command point (OKP, Main Command Post), the PCP (RSP, ALTERNATE WED), the case of the case (REAR CP) can be deployed. In addition, the headquarters of AKR provides the possibility of deployment and other smaller control points for solving individual tasks (for example, controlling the process of deploying the housing on TVD).

The main CP is deployed for the purpose of planning the operation, including the organization of intelligence, collecting and processing intelligence information, the firing defeat of the enemy, combat and rear security, participation in information transactions; control of connections, parts (divisions) of the union; Organizing and conducting activities within military civil engagement, including international and non-governmental organizations during crisis settlement operations;

The leadership of the main KP carries out, as a rule, headquarters of the corps.

The inlet command post is in constant readiness to perform the functions of the main KP in the event of a sudden way out of order. For these purposes, the operational composition of the SCP around the clock in the real (close to real) time is monitored in the area of \u200b\u200boperation, as well as all information available on the OKP is reserved.

In their capabilities and structure, the stock KP on the organization of automated jobs and communications is identical to the main command clause, and the operational composition is appointed according to the combat calculation of the same departments (departments, groups, centers, etc.) Staff of AK BR, as the operational composition For complimentary OKP. Strengthening the operational composition of the SCP is planned by attracting unemployed personnel with other control points, as well as from the surviving personnel of the OKP, failed.

One of the tasks of the TSR is the organization of the protection, protection and defense of the rear area under the leadership of the Deputy Commander of the Corps. In addition, this CP can replace the rear control point when the latter is out.

The rear case control point is deployed in order to perform the following tasks: use, maintaining in good condition and, if necessary, extension of the existing communication system within the boundaries of the combined rear area in order to continuously manage the subordinate multinational and national rebar formations; Organization and maintenance of interaction with the main and spare CP of the hull, combat compounds (parts) of the union, the rear bodies of the country of accommodation, contracting, and international, governmental and non-governmental organizations (agencies) on the issues of comprehensive rear provision of AKR Actions; management of the process of meeting, placement and preparation for the upcoming actions of military formations arriving in the area; coordination of traffic flows with human and material resources within the boundaries of the combined rear area; coordination of measures to restore the combat capability of military formations in the combined rear area; the implementation of military civil engagement and coordination of issues of supplying rear resources from non-military sources; minimization of intervention in the activities of AKR BR civilian structures of the country of placement; taking measures to ensure the safety of key points (lines) of transport communications in order to guarantee movement through the combined rear area of \u200b\u200bcombat compounds (parts, divisions); tracking and assessment of the situation (including the mood of the local population) within the boundaries of the combined rear area; Ensuring the passage of military columns during the rotation of parts (divisions).

The rear control office of AKR is deployed, as a rule, in close proximity to the nodes of transport communications (ports, airfields, railway stations).

On the basis of the standard set of field equipment, the TPU can be deployed by the PU of the advanced echelon of the housing rear (PU PET, RSC FW Element). This PU is transferred to the area of \u200b\u200boperation at the initial stage of targeting AKR BR, subsequently, a full-fledged TPU of the hull is deployed at its base. In addition, the PU of the advanced echelon of the rear of the housing can be allocated from the rear control point of the AK BR for managing the advanced rear echelon and the grouping of the rear acting on an independent direction, as well as in cases that require the deployment of a separate rear control point.

Deploying field manage points in the area of \u200b\u200boperation of the Corps is planned to be made after the end of the main activities for the completion of its personnel, the permissibility of the material means of national compounds, parts and divisions, transfer them to operational submission to the commander of the association. The full deployment of the management points of AKR in the area of \u200b\u200bthe operation from the moment of receipt by the commander of the case of the Directive (order) may be required from 20 to 30 days.

The placement of control points on the ground is carried out in accordance with the nature of the upcoming tasks, the fighting capabilities of the enemy, the physico-geographical conditions of the WDD. The main criteria when determining the location commander of a location of one or another PU are to ensure a high level of survivability of the control system and the effective use of the existing forces and means.

Moving control points is made according to the decision of the headquarters of the case. Depending on the situation, the frequency of changing the location PU may be different.

Currently, the operational composition of the headquarters of the BR in accordance with the charts of rotation is equipped with a joint command of the International Security Assistance Forces (ISSS) in Afghanistan, as well as the command of the land component of the forces of priority use (SPZ) of NATO. At the same time, the allocation of combat and providing units into the grouping of the ISSUB and the land component of the block of the block on the rotation period is carried out mainly at the expense of the state - the founder of AKR BR, the headquarters of which, according to the rotation schedule, is currently running the MSSB (land component of the Alliance SPZ).

Headquarters joint Army Corps of Rapid Response (Innsworth, 4 km northeastern n. Gloucester, United Kingdom) formed on the basis of the command of the land component of the alliance rapid response forces, which was established in 1992 on the initiative of the British side.

With the transition of the ABS of the block to the new structure, the headquarters and combat composition of the association practically did not change, except for the fact that the Center's Multinational Aircraft Division was disbanded.

The bodies on the basis of the command of the land component of the NATO rapid deployment forces were involved in peacekeeping missions under the general guidance of VGC OVS Alliance in Europe in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995) and Kosovo (1999). In both cases, after signing the relevant cease-fire agreement, the SBR headquarters organized the commissioning and deployment in the conflict area of \u200b\u200bmultinational peacekeeping forces and managed their actions during the operation.

Subsequently, the powers to the management of peacekeeping groups on rotation were transmitted to other NATO OVD or ZES authorities. Oak BR headquarters from January to July 2006, he managed the land component of the SPZ Alliance of the sixth rotation, from July to December 2009 - 13th. From May 2006 to January 2007 and in 2011, the headquarters of the OAK BR was the basis for the joint command of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. From January to December 2013, the headquarters of the Corps will exercise the overall management of the land component of the forces of the priority use of the Alliance.

In coordination with the NATO leadership, as part of the reduction of the British military presence in Germany in June 2010, the Oak BR headquarters from Germany (Reindalen) in the UK was completed.

The maintenance tasks of this headquarters are assigned to the 1st Communications Brigade of the UK. Currently here (military town on the northern outskirts of N. P. Stafford) There is only a battalion of staff and collateral, as well as the 22nd regiment of this brigade. Until 2014, the UK from Germany is planned to replicate the 7th and 13th telecommunication shelves of the 1st Communications Brigade.

Headquarters Eurocorpus BR (Strasbourg, France) Formed on the basis of the headquarters of Eurocorpus ZES, who, in turn, was established in 1993.

Initially, three states (France, Germany and Belgium) took part in the formation of this association. In 1994, Spain joined the contract, and in 1996 Luxembourg. In 1999, these five states decided to convert the association to AK BR and approved the concept of "five founding states plus N ... of the participating countries." Such an approach to the formation of eurocorps of fast deployment makes it possible to ensure the flexibility of engaging the association according to the plans of both the EU and NATO. Further, Poland, Greece, Italy, Romania, USA, Turkey and Austria joined the founding countries.

According to the established procedure, once every two years, the rotation of generals and officers who occupy key positions in the command-staff structures of the body are carried out. These include the commander of the corps, his deputy, head of the headquarters, two of his deputy, as well as the head of the press center. Representatives of those countries that make the greatest contribution to the formation of the EUROPORPUS BR (allocate in its division) are appointed for these posts.

In peacetime, a multinational battalion for the management and provision and brigade of rear collateral, whose divisions are stationed in the territory of the military town located in the southern part of Strasbourg are located in operational submission of the corps. In addition, the Eurocorpus BR headquarters shall be subordinate to the Franco-German Motor Summer Brigade, whose divisions are posted on the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany and France.

In accordance with the interstate agreements of the part and the division of the Franco-German ICBR in 2010, the reorganization has undergone. In particular, the combat composition of the IPBR introduced 291 MPB of CFGF. At the same time, the command of the Armed Forces of France replicated the 3rd Hussar Bronzevalery Regiment (STRP) from N. P. Immendingen (Germany) in N. p. Metz (France).

Since 2012, the combat composition of the Franco-German ICRBR includes: from France aircraft - 110 MPP (North outskirts of P. Donaushingen, Germany) and the 3rd Gusar BRKP (Metz, France); From Sun Fran - 291 MPB (southern outskirts of Strasbourg), 292 MPB (North Outlook Doneaushingen), 295 ADN and 550th engineering company (2 km northeastern immendingen).

The practical involvement of command-staff structures and divisions of the Eurocorpus BR was carried out in the course of peacekeeping operations conducted under the leadership of NATO in the Balkans: "Joint Fortj" (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and "Joint Gardian" (Kosovo). In the period from June 1998 to June 2000, separate staff units of the BR were constantly functioning as part of the SFA controls. The experience gained was later used during a peacekeeping operation in Kosovo, where the headquarters of the association within six months was led by the alarms of the CFU group of about 45,000 military personnel. From August 2004 to January 2005, Eurocorpus BR headquarters managed the international security promotion forces in Afghanistan. At the same time, the basis of the grouping of these forces was the Franco-German Motor Summer Brigade. From July to December 2006, the headquarters of the corps headed the land component of the SPZ-7, from July to December 2010, it was assigned to him the leadership of the land component of the NATO of the 15th rotation. In 2012, the officers of the corps headquarters carried the service as part of the United MSSA Command in Afghanistan.

Headquarters german-Dutch AK BR (Münster, Germany) Formed on the basis of the headquarters of the 1st German-Dutch AK, which was created in accordance with bilateral agreements in 1995.

Subsequently, during the reorganization of the NATO ATS, another ten states joined this agreement, who sent their officers to the headquarters of the association and declare their readiness to allocate into the structure of the corps, if necessary, national military contingents.

In peacetime, a German-Dutch management and security battalion, the western part of Münster, Germany and the German-Dutch battalion of communications and information systems (5 km northeastern N. P. Grighlo, Netherlands, are located in operational deployment of the corps.

Headquarters of German-Dutch AK BR, after approval by his headquarters of high availability of NATO ATS from February to July 2003 and in the second half of 2009 carried out the management of the MSSB grouping in Afghanistan, and from January to June 2005 and 2008 - the land component of the SPZ Block. For 2013, the dispatch of the operative staff of the headquarters in Afghanistan to work as part of OK MRSS was planned.

Headquarters spanish Ak Br.(Betera, 20 km north. P. Valencia) formed in early 2000 on the basis of the command of the maneuverable forces of St. Spain.

The headquarters of the corps except the Spanish servicemen are staffed by representatives of 12 countries - participants of the block.

The tasks of servicing the headquarters of the corps are assigned to the pile battalion and the communication brigade of the Ground Forces of Spain, located on the territory of the Military Town of Beter, which is located next to the headquarters of AK.

The headquarters of the corps carried out the leadership component of the forces of the priority use of SPZ-5 (July-December 2005) and SPZ-12 (January-June 2009). In 2012, the officers of the headquarters together with the servicemen of the Eurocorpus BR headquarters carried the service composed of OK MRSS in Afghanistan.

Headquarters italian Ak Br. (Milan, Italy) was formed in 2001 on the basis of the command of the National Fast Response Forces (earlier - command 3 AK of the Troops of Italy).

The staff of the union includes representatives of the ground forces 15 NATO countries.

In peacetime, a regiment of management and security (Milan) and the 1st Regiment of Communication (Milan) are in operational submission of the Corps headquarters and the 1st Communications Police (Milan).

From July to December 2004, the Headquarters of the Italian AKR BR conducted the leadership of the NATO LUCK component, and from August 2005 to April 2006 - international security promotion forces in Afghanistan. From January to June 2011 at the headquarters of the corps, the leadership of the land component of SPZ-2011/1 was entrusted. In January 2013, the operative staff of the headquarters in Afghanistan was sent as part of the rotation of the officer of OK MRSS.

Headquarters turkish Ak Br. (Istanbul) was formed in September 2002 on the basis of the headquarters 3 AK Turkish St. The headquarters of the association is equipped with representatives of St. 11 participating countries. The composition of the housing in peacetime includes combating connections of SV Turkey. On the basis of the Turkish-Romanian arrangements of 2011, it may, if necessary, 282 MPBR 2 PD "Ferracy" of CV Romania can be transmitted. In the future, it is possible to include compounds, parts and units of other countries of the Alliance.

Functions for servicing the headquarters of the corps are assigned to the staff group (deployed in the same place, where both the headquarters of the BR) and the 3rd regiment of the communication of SV Turkey.

From August to February 2002 and from February to July 2005, the headquarters of Turkish AKG BR conducted the International Security Promotion Force in Afghanistan, from October 2003 to July 2004, from January to June 2007 and from July to December 2011, a land component of NATO SPZ.

Headquarters french Ak Br. (Lille, France), the last of all the headquarters of AKR, was created in July 2005 on the basis of the operational command of the SV France, was certified as an authority of the land forces of high availability of NATO ATS in July 2007. The main composition of the headquarters (up to 85%) is represented by military personnel of the national sun.

Since the creation of the ACBR, the 6th regiment of the management and provision of the department of the operational command of the France of France was located in operational submission of the Corps headquarters. Since the beginning of 2010, the tasks for servicing the headquarters of the corps are assigned to the management team and the relationship of national CF, which deploys on the territory of the Military Town of the Doue (south-western part of the same name).

The headquarters of the corps from July to December 2008 carried out the leadership of the SPZ-11 land component, and from July to December 2010, the international security promotion forces in Afghanistan. According to the plans of the Alliance, from January to December 2014, it will be entrusted with the leadership of the SPZ-2014 land component.

Headquarters german-Danish-Polish AK BR (Szczecin, Poland) was formed in 1999 on the basis of the Polish divisional command in sections with the inclusion of the operational composition of the NATO WAS command in Schleswig-Holstein, Jutland and on. Funen (Rendsburg). In April 2004, the multinational headquarters of the corps was replenished with officers of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In January 2005, Slovakia became the seventh country, and in October of the same year, headquarters sent officers and the Czech Republic.

At the end of 2005, after a comprehensive audit, the headquarters of German-Danish-Polish AKR BR was recognized as ready for the management of the association in the composition of the forces of universal use of reduced readiness.

In November 2006, the staff included officers of the USA, in July 2008 and August 2009 - Slovenia, and August 2009,

In peacetime, in the operational submission of the headquarters of the Corps is the headquarters of St. Poland, which is deployed in a military town with the headquarters of AK, and the divisions of the German-Polish brigade of the rear support, located in Poland (100th Communications Battalion, 104th Battalion of Property and 102- Battalion Security (all St. Poland), as well as the 610th Battalion of the Communication of St. Germany.

The headquarters of the corps carried out the management of ISSU in Afghanistan in the first half of 2010.

Headquarters greek Ak Br. (Thessaloniki, Greece) was formed in July 2005 on the basis of the headquarters of 3k Greece.

The staff of the union includes representatives of the NATO NATO countries. In accordance with the interstate agreements achieved in the corps, the compounds and parts of SV Italy and Spain may be allocated.

In peacetime, the 490th communications battalion and the battalion of providing SV Greece, stationing on the territory of the same military town as the headquarters of the corps are located in operational submission of the corps. From January to December 2012, the headquarters of the corps leads the leadership of the SPZ-2012 land component.

Thus, since the early 2000s, a flexible mechanism for the formation of operational and tactical associations of the land forces of multinational composition was created and tested in the North Atlantic Union. At the same time, the modular approach allows the completion of the combat composition of the body, taking into account the nature and scale of the upcoming actions, and the use of the principle of "multinationality" aims to demonstrate the unity of the participating countries in defending coalition interests.

(Colonel S. Chaika, "Foreign Military Review")

The state of the United Armed Forces NATO

The Armed Forces of NATO countries are divided into united armed forces and troops remaining in national subordination. The United Armed Forces of NATO include a part of the armed forces of the countries participating in the military organization of the block transmitted, allocated and intended for transmission to the operational management of the coalition bodies of the Office.

For the leadership of the NATO ATS, combined commands and headquarters have already been created in peacetime.

The coalition military strategy of the block introduced the classification of the NATO (forces) of NATO (forces) on the operational destination, called the "three-component-nia structure". In accordance with it, the combined armed forces of the block are divided into response force, the main defensive forces and troops (strength) of amplification.

Response force (CP) are the most combat component of NATO ATS. They include the formation of all types of armed forces of the countries of the military organization of the block. Designed to use mainly in crisis situations and local military conflicts for the purpose of their settlement. At the same time, they can be involved both in the zone of the Alliance's responsibility and abroad. The specific composition of the troops attracted to the operation (forces) will depend on the developing military-political situation in the area of \u200b\u200bthe crisis and the scale of military participation in it alliance.

Depending on the degree of readiness to use the reaction force, they are divided into immediate response (SNR) forces and rapid deployment (SBR).

Immediate response forces are intended to resolve crisis situations not by force methods, but by demonstrations of unity and willingness to protect the co-leak interests of the power of weapons. These include: Command of mobile land forces, air component, marine component, command of long-range radar detection and aviation-NATO aircraft management.

The command of mobile land forces includes 12 battalions: 2 from Germany, one from the USA, Great Britain, Belgium, Canada, Hungary, Norway, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy and Poland, the company from Luxembourg and a platoon from Denmark.

The air component has in its composition: AE TA - 17; AE BTA - 2; Battery Zur -14.

The marine component has over 45 warships.

War aircraft Air Force and Navy about 300.

The command of the DRON and the Avaks-NATO aircraft management is in its composition 17 E-3A aircraft.

Fast deployment forces are intended for use in operations on the power settlement of crisis situations, as well as to ensure the deployment of the main defensive forces of NATO ATS in the threat of the emergence of a large-scale war. Their use is assumed if the scale of the crisis exceeds the possibility of an immediate response for its localization. They include land, air and marine components.

Combat compounds of the land component of the SBR are represented by 8 divisions: 3 mechanized and 1 British armored diavlisions; 1 US Armade Division; 7 Tank Division FRG; 3 mechanized divisions; 1 mechanized Turkey Division; 2 Motor-Motor Division of Greece and National SBAPs of Spain in the composition of three separate brigades (equivalent of one division). 5 separate brigades from the UK, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy.

The air component of the rapid deployment of NATO includes 22 suxtrillers of tactical aviation (about 500 combat aircraft) US Air Force, Germany, Great Britain, Turkey, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, 11 Batteries Zur (63 PU) US Air Force and Denmark, as well as 2 squadrons (about 80 aircraft) of the US Air Force, FRG, Great Britain and Turkey.

NATO rapid deployment of NATO forces includes aircraft carriers, atomic multipurpose submarines equipped with MRM "Tomakhok", diesel submarines, frigate class ships ("Esminets"), rocket boats, ships of the shelf and logistics, amphibian forces with a brigade Marine infantry on board, basic aviation, aircraft aircraft. In total - up to 110 warships and about 500 US Navy aircraft, Germany, Great Britain, Canada, Belgium, Netherlands, Dae Niygia, Spain, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Turkey.

The main defensive forces (state) are the most significant on the number and combat composition of the three-component structure of the United Armed Forces NATO. They are intended to maintain large-scale operations during a universal or limited war in Europe and at the Atlantic. In peacetime, they can be involved in conjunction with the forces of the block response during the resolution of armed conflicts. They consist of regular and reserve formations of the ground forces, the NATO air-air and naval forces, with the exception of France, Spain and Portugal, and are staffed at least 65%, military equipment - 100%.

The state in its composition has: divisions - about 40, dep. Brigades - over 95, military aircraft of the Air Force and Navy - up to 4,300, warships - over 500.

The formation of the main defensive forces, in accordance with their main purpose, have lower categories of combat readiness than the formation of reacting forces. At the same time, about 10% of the divisions and 40% of the individual brigades of the land component of the main defensive forces in everyday conditions are intended to contain in a high degree of combat readiness (staffing of the personnel at least 90%, the readiness time for the combat mission is up to 48 hours).

The troops (strength) of amplification include regular and unmobilized formations that are not included in the response forces and the main defensive forces.

The land component of the amplification troops is represented by regular formations of the ground forces departed to Europe from the United States and Canada, regular troops of France, which are not included in the response forces, parts and compounds of the Ground Forces of Spain and Portugal, as well as the newly unmobilized formations of the Armed Forces of European Block countries.

In the composition of the troops (forces) of amplification, there is: divisions - 20, brigades -some 45, military aircraft of the Air Force and IUD - up to 1000, the warships are about 200.

The state of combat readiness of NATO ATS. In accordance with the requirements of NATO for various components of the ATS block (response forces, state, troops (strength) of strengthening), certain categories of combat readiness are established.

The compounds and parts allocated to the land component of the response forces have the following categories of combat readiness: Mobile land forces - A3, fast deployment forces - A4. The readiness of the formation of the air component of the response forces corresponds to the categories of A1-A3. The ships of the combined Navy isolated into the permanent compounds of the OBS block have a category A1 combat readiness, and the SBR allocated to the marine component, -A2-A4.

The compounds and parts of the land forces of the main defensive forces of the block have the categories of combat readiness A4-B7, the formation of the combined Air Force - category A2-B9, and combat ships of the combined Navy - B5 and B6.

In the troops (forces) of strengthening the formation of land forces are in categories of combat readiness B5-C8, the compounds and parts of the United Air Force are categories A2-C9, and the ships of the combined Navy depending on the time required for their transition from the areas of basing or conducting combat training in Areas of combat destinations, have a combat readiness category B8-C9.

NATO, or the organization of the North Atlantic Block countries - the Military Political Union, established in 1949 as opposed to the growing danger emanating from the Soviet Union, which conducted a policy of supporting communist movements in Europe. At first, the organization included 12 states - ten European, as well as the United States and Canada. Now NATO is the largest alliance consisting of 28 countries.

Education Alliance

A few years after the end of the war, in the late 40s, there was a danger of new international conflicts - there was a coup in Czechoslovakia, non-democratic regimes were established in Eastern Europe. The governments of Western European countries were concerned about the growing military power of the country of advice and direct threats on its side to Norway, Greece, other states. In 1948, five countries of Western Europe signed an agreement on the intention of creating a unified system to protect their sovereignty, which then became the basis for the design of the North Atlantic Alliance.

The main goal of the organization was to ensure the safety of its members and the political integration of European countries. During the years of its existence, NATO has taken new members several times. At the end of the 20th and early 21st century, after the collapse of the USSR and the organization of the countries of the Warsaw Treaty, the Alliance received several Eastern European countries and the former republics of the USSR, which increased the number of NATO countries.

Strategy "Consinge"

The time of the contract between NATO member countries at the time of its signing was determined in twenty years, but its automatic extension was also provided. The text of the contract emphasized the obligation not to carry out actions contrary to the UN Charter, to promote international security. The strategy of "deterrence" was proclaimed, which relied on the concept of "shield and sword". The basis of the policy of "deterrence" was supposed to make the military power of the Union. One of the ideologues of this strategy emphasized that out of five regions around the world with the possibility of creating military power - this is the United States, the United Kingdom, the USSR, Japan and Germany - one is controlled by the Communists. Therefore, the main goal of the "deterrence" policy began to prevent the dissemination of communism ideas into other regions.

The concept of "shield and sword"

The declared concept was based on the superiority of the United States in the possession of nuclear weapons. A response strike to aggression was the possible use of nuclear weapons with a small destructive power. Under the "shield" meant the ground forces of Europe with powerful support for aviation and the Navy, and the "sword" is the US strategic bombers with atomic weapons on board. According to such an understanding, the following tasks were considered:

1. The United States should have implemented strategic bombing.

2. The main maritime operations were carried out by American and allied Navy.

3. The number of NATO troops ensured mobilization in Europe.

4. The main differences and air defense also provided European countries led by Great Britain and France.

5. The rest of the countries that are members of NATO should have assisted in solving special tasks.

Education of the Alliance Armed Forces

However, in 1950, North Korea attacked south. This military conflict showed insufficiency and limited deterrence strategy. It was necessary to work out a new strategy that would have become a continuation of the concept. She became the "advanced defense" strategy, according to which it was decided to create the combined armed forces of the block - the coalition forces of NATO member states deployed in Europe under a single command. The development of the combined forces of the block can be divided into four periods.

The NATO Council was developed a "short" plan, calculated for four years. It was built on the possibility of using those military resources, which at that time had at the disposal of NATO: the number of troops was 12 divisions, about 400 aircraft, a certain number of ships. The plan envisaged the likelihood of conflict in the near future and the conclusion of troops on the borders of Western Europe and in the ports of the Atlantic. At the same time, the development of "medium" and "long-term" plans was carried out. The first of them included the maintenance of the armed forces in a state of combat readiness, and in the case of a military conflict, the coherence of the enemy's forces to the Rhine River. The second was designed to prepare for a likely "big war", which provided for the main military operations already east of the Rhine.

Strategy of "Maced Retribution"

As a result of these decisions for the three years, the number of NATO troops increased from four million people in 1950 to 6.8 million. The number of US regular armed forces has also increased - from one and a half million people in two years it has increased 2.5 times. It is characteristic during this period the transition to the "massive retaliation" strategy. The United States no longer had a monopoly on nuclear weapons, but they had superiority in delivery tools, as well as in quantity that gave them some benefits in the likely war. This strategy suggested on the Soviet country total nuclear war. Therefore, the United States has seen its task in strengthening strategic aviation to apply nuclear strikes on deep enemy replaes.

Doctrine of limited war

The beginning of the second period of the history of the development of the Armed Forces of the Blok can be considered the signing of the 1954 Paris agreements. According to the Doctrine of a Limited War, it was decided to provide European countries with dies of the near and long-range radius. The role of the united land forces of allies as one of the components of the NATO system has increased. The creation on the territory of European countries of rocket bases has been envisaged.

The total number of NATO troops was more than 90 divisions, over three thousand tools for the delivery of atomic weapons. In 1955, OSR was created - a few months later, the first summit meeting was held, dedicated to the problems of discharging tension. In these years, a certain warming of relations between the United States and the USSR occurred, nevertheless the arms race continued.

In 1960, the number of troops in NATO had more than five million people. If we add reserve parts, territorial formations and the national guard, the total number of NATO troops amounted to over 9.5 million people, about five hundred installations of operational-tactical missiles and more than 25 thousand tanks, approximately 8 thousand aircraft, of which 25% - Carriers of atomic weapons on board and two thousand warships.

Arms race

The third period was characterized by a new strategy of "flexible response" and re-equipment of the united troops. In the 1960s, the international situation was aggravated again. There were Berlin and Caribbean crises, then there were events of Prague Spring. A five-year plan for the development of the armed forces was adopted, providing for the creation of a single fund for communication systems and other measures.

In the 70s of the 20th century, the fourth period of the development of the United Coalition Forces began and the next concept of "behead strike" was adopted, which put the priority for the destruction of the enemy communications nodes so that he would not have time to decide on the response strike. Based on this concept, the production of the newest generation of winged rockets was launched, with a high accuracy of the target targets. NATO troops in Europe, the number of which increased every year, could not but disturb the Soviet Union. Therefore, he also began to modernize the means of delivering atomic weapons. And after a new aggravation of relationships began. However, with the coming to power in the Soviet Union of the new leadership, there was a radical turn in the country's international policy, and in the late 90s the end of the Cold War was put.

Reduced armaments of NATO

As part of the reorganization of NATO forces by 2006, it was planned to create NATO response forces, the number of troops would be 21 thousand people representing the ground forces, the Air Force and the Navy. These troops were to have all the necessary means to conduct operations of any intensity. The rapid response forces will be the units of national armies that replace each other every six months. The main part of military force should be provided to Spain, France and Germany, as well as the United States. The team structure under the types of armed forces was to be improved, reducing the number of controls by 30%. If you consider the number of NATO troops in Europe by year and compare these figures, then you can see a significant reduction in the number of weapons that the Alliance kept in Europe. The United States began to withdraw their troops from Europe, some of them were transferred home, and part to other regions.

Expansion of NATO

In the 90s, NATO consultations were started with partner on partnership for the sake of peace - Russia, and Mediterranean dialogue participated in it. As part of these programs, the organization decided to admit the organization of new members - former Eastern European states. In 1999, Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary joined NATO, as a result of this block received 360 thousand troops, more than 500 military aircraft and helicopters, fifty warships, approximately 7.5 thousand tanks and other equipment.

The second wave of expansion added to the block seven countries - four Eastern European, as well as the former Baltic republics of the Soviet Union. As a result, the number of NATO troops in Eastern Europe increased by another 142 thousand people, 344 aircraft, more than one and a half thousand tanks and several dozen warships.

Relationship of NATO and Russia

These events were negatively perceived in Russia, but the 2001 terrorist attack and the emergence of international terrorism again brought together the positions of Russia and NATO. The Russian Federation provided its airspace to the blocks of blocks to apply bombing strikes in Afghanistan. At the same time, Russia opposed the expansion of NATO to the East and entry into its composition of the former republics of the USSR. Particularly strong contradictions between them arose in connection with Ukraine and Georgia. The prospects for the relationship between NATO and Russia today are worried about many, and on this issue different points of view are expressed. The number of NATO's troops and Russia is practically comparable. No one seriously represents the military confrontation of these forces, and in the future it is necessary to search for options for dialogue and making compromise solutions.

NATO participation in local conflicts

Starting from the 90s of the 20th century, NATO participated in several local conflicts. The first of them was the "Storm in the Desert" operation. When in August 1990, Iraq's armed forces entered Kuwait, it was decided to transfer the multinational forces there and a powerful group was created. The number of NATO troops in the operation "Buri Desert" was more than two thousand aircraft with a margin of material resources, 20 strategic bombers, over 1,700 tactical aircraft and about 500 - deck. The entire aviation grouping was transferred under the command of the US Air Force 9th Air Force. After long-term bombing, the terrestrial coalition troops won the Iraq.

Peacekeeping operations NATO

The North Atlantic Block also participated in peacekeeping actions in the areas of the former Yugoslavia. With the Sanctions of the UN Security Council in December 1995, the Alliance land forces to prevent military clashes between communities were introduced in Bosnia and Herzegovina. After performing an air operation with the coded name "The Thoughtful Force" war was completed by the Dayton Agreement. In 1998-1999 During the armed conflict in the southern region of Kosovo and Metokhia, a peacekeeping contingent was introduced under the command of NATO, the number of troops amounted to 49.5 thousand people. In 2001, in the armed conflict in Macedonia, the active actions of the European Union and the North Atlantic bloc forced the parties to the signing of the Ohrid Agreement. Large operations of NATO are also "uncomplyful freedom" in Afghanistan and Libya.

New NATO concept

In early 2010, NATO adopted a new strategic concept, according to which the North Atlantic unit should continue to solve three main tasks. It:

To date, the number of NATO troops in the world is, according to 2015, 1.5 million soldiers, of which 990 thousand are American troops. Joint rapid response units are 30 thousand people, they are complemented by airborne and other special divisions. These may arrive in a short time for 3-10 days.

Russia and Member States of the Alliance lead a permanent political dialogue on major security issues. In the Council of Russia-NATO, working groups have been created for cooperation in different fields. Despite disagreements, both sides are aware of the need to search for general priorities in international security.

Material support closely associated with other types of rear support for troops (forces) - technical, transport and medical.

Technical support Includes all types of maintenance and repair, the supply of necessary materials to maintain weapons and objects of armed forces in a warning state, as well as the development of plans and conducting relevant measures to maintain material tools in good condition and evacuation of damaged technology from the battlefield.

The main activities of PO technical support for troops (forces) are: maintenance, repair and modernization of weapons, military equipment and property; Their collection, evacuation and recovery, as well as preservation and storage.

To solve these tasks in the North Atlantic Union, the necessary coalition and national governments have been created. The main coalition bodies responsible for the technical support organization include the NATO Advisory Board, the NATO Infrastructure Committee, the NATO Committee on Pipelines, the NATO Military Committee of the NATO Military Committee.

An important role in the technical support of the troops (forces) of the block is played by the NATO Agency for Spare Parts, maintenance and repair. In peacetime, it is subordinated to the NATO Council, the military goes into direct subordination of the NATO SKV in Europe. The agency is under the jurisdiction of NATO (Luxembourg), designed for the technical support of the troops (forces) of the Regional Command of the NATO North ABS, as well as the South Base of Real Support (Taranto. Italy), serving troops (forces) of the Regional Command of NATO ATS "South "

In the controls of the rear of the joint headquarters of all degrees there are departments that are solving the tasks of technical support for troops (forces) in their zones (areas) of responsibility.

Technical support of troops (forces) NATO Taking into account a number of principles, the main of which are: national responsibility for the technical support of troops (forces) transmitted to the operational submission of the Commands of the ATS Block; centralization of technical support (use of uniform repair and restoration of B and W and their joint production); Creating directly in the troops of the technical base for repair and restoration of technology.

The system of maintenance and repair in and W in NATO includes military, field and capital (basic) repair.

Military repairproviding for preventive maintenance and minor repairs, is carried out directly in divisions by the crews and specially trained teams.

Field repairit assumes the replacement or restoration of faulty nodes and units that cannot be performed during the military repair. It is carried out in semi-union or stationary workshops repair parts and divisions of divisions or ak.

Capital (basic) repairproviding for the full restoration of all types of technology, carried out at repair factories and industrial enterprises located in the communication zone and the rear area of \u200b\u200bthe combat area.

Transportation Includes planning, management and coordination of military transportation, preparation and distribution of vehicles, as well as the organization of interaction with engineering troops, civil organizations in the field of operation, maintenance and restoration of transport communications. IN

Military transportations in the interests of the United Armed Forces NATO are of particular importance in connection with the need to transfer troops (forces) from the United States and Canada to Europe and their supply in European zones from the outstand.

According to the guidelines North Atlantic Co.uza, in wartime to ensure the transfer of troops (forces) and the activities of the military industry will require a broad attraction of civilian government agencies. Given this circumstance, as well as the physico-geographical conditions of the European continent, especially the status of the communications network on it, the NATO ABS command attaches particular importance to careful planning of transportation still in peacetime.

The highest coalition bodies of the Alliance, inventive issues of transport support in wartime, are: The Committee for Terrestrial Transportation Planning in Europe, the Committee of the Use of Civil Aviation and the Committee of Ocean Transportation. These bodies coordinate the actions of national transport systems, control the distribution and use of forces and means of civilian departments in the interests of the Armed Forces and the Civil Sector.

In the threatened period in order to assist transport services in ensuring transportation and admission of troops (strength) of strengthening to NATO, three agencies can additionally be created (on the coordination of land traffic in Central Europe, to coordinate transportation in the Mediterranean and coordinating civil aviation flights) Also formed by the combined fleet of railway cars in Central Europe and the administration on the maritime transport of military cargo.

In Europe, transport departments of the relevant headquarters and the movement management centers at the headquarters of the AK are engaged in issues of direct use of standard vehicles of the NATO ATS in Europe.

Within the European continent, land transport plays a decisive role in the delivery of military cargoes (mainly automotive and rail). The possibilities of the standard road transport of the compounds and parts of the Armed Forces of NATO countries as a whole provide tactical transfers of personnel, as well as the necessary reserves of material tools and equipment.

Internal Waterways of Messages are important only for military transport within Central Europe and Poland.

Ocean (maritime) transportation is considered major of all methods of strategic transfer of troops (forces) of strengthening and cargo. To this end, it is planned to form a combined fleet of vehicles (up to 800 units).

For the transfer of personnel, military equipment and cargo within the European continent, the NATO ABS command intends to actively use air transport. However, the possibilities of the existing grouping of military transport aviation are clearly insufficient to solve this problem in full. In this regard, in wartime, in the interests of the OVS of the North Atlantic Union, there is a wide attraction of civilian government aircraft.

In the general system of military transportation, the work of ground, marine and air transport is closely interrelated, therefore coalition transport vehicles carry out constant interaction between themselves and with national rear structures. In this regard, NATO has developed general principles of organizing military transportation, the formation of groupings of united vehicles (combined fleet of transport courts and the united fleet of railway cars), work plans for civilian government agencies in the threatened period and the initial period of war.

Medical support for troops (forces)tarules such objectives: preserving the combat capability of the personnel, the provision of medical care to the wounded and sick and ensuring the rapid return of them to the system. Responsibility for this type of rear support is entrusted to national medical services. At the same time, it is assumed to be closely interaction of military medical services with civilian health authorities.

Medical support in OVS NATOdivided into two types - medical support on the battlefield and medical care. The first is carried out by regular medical formations of associations, compounds and hour-gay, the second - the medical organs of field armies, AK, the United Aircraft and Marine Commands.

According to NATO experts, the basis of effective medical support With the mass arrival of the wounded and affected is a medical sorting. It lies in the classification of the wounded and affected by the type of defeat and the degree of its severity, determining the probability of survival of the wounded, appointing the priority of treatment, evacuation in order to provide medical care to a greater number of wounded and affected.

In the armed forces of most countries of the block, injured (affected), depending on the degree of injury (lesion), are divided into four groups: the first - wounded (affected), for the treatment of which and return to the part requires minimal medical care (according to expert settlements, their number can be up to 40 percent. The total number of wounded (affected); the second - wounded (affected), in need of emergency medical care (about 20 percent); the third - those providing surgical assistance to which can be delayed (up to 20 percent); fourth - wounded (affected), providing medical assistance to which requires considerable strength costs with forces (about 20 percent).
Taking into account sorting by groups, subsequent treatment and evacuation of military personnel are organized.

When developing medical support plans, the NATO ASS command comes from the fact that during hostilities, personnel loss can be expressed by the following numbers: killed - 20 percent, missing - 10 percent, wounded - 70 percent. (Sanitary losses from the total number of personnel, failed). At the same time, according to forecasts, 30 percent. The wounded can be returned to work within 30 days.

Forces and means of the medical service of land forces are placed in the areas of responsibility of regional NATO ATS Commands in four echelon. They include: Battalionic Medical Means, Division Medical Services, AK Medical Services. Forces and means of medical service in the communications zone.

Recently, NATO's ABS has carried out significant activities in terms of improving medical services for troops (forces). The main of them are aimed at expanding the provision of first aid, an increase in the number of evacuation tools, an increase in the mobility of medical units and units, as well as to improve the technical equipment of field medical institutions.