Service officer Department for the protection of state secrets. Urgent service in SGT

State secrets are information, the leakage of which to third parties, as well as the use without proper procedure and for non-official purposes, can cause damage to the state.

The direct protection of state secrets (abbreviated as ZGT) is a set of measures aimed at clearly defining secret information and preventing their disclosure and distribution. Military personnel, due to the special specificity of their professional activities, are those persons who, in order to protect the security of the country and the integrity of its territory, are entrusted with the implementation of many HRT activities. The procedure for access to secret information established for the army is mandatory, as well as covert checks of the safety of information, a record of the awareness of persons is kept and the protection of classified information is regulated after the serviceman has been terminated access to state secrets.

The history of HRT in the army: the first innovations in tsarist Russia

In fact, the protection of state secrets, especially those related to the conduct of military service, available funds, reserves, training strategies and the characteristics of the actions of employees, have been given increased attention since the days of the Russian Empire. This is not an innovation caused by some political and military instabilities in the world, but a necessary important security measure for the army.

History of legislative regulation HRT in the army and in Russia it has been officially counting since 1724, it was in that year that Peter the Great signed a decree “On matters of secrecy subject.” On the basis of this royal decree, even the unintentional disclosure of secret information was classified as a state crime and was subject to serious punishment.

Interestingly, in the Russian Empire, although they introduced a state secret with the legal protection of such information, they did not develop a centralized data protection system. There were also problems with the clarity of understanding the secrecy of data. HRT was handled by several departments separately (Police Department, War Department, and Foreign Affairs), each within its scope provided and controlled protection.

A general, special list of information and images relating to the external security of Russia was first published and approved in 1914. According to him, the disclosure of secret data and information was subject to criminal punishment.

With the advent of Soviet power, measures for HRT became more ambitious, tougher. In October 1921, the Council of People's Commissars compiled its own list of data, which from now on were secret and were subject to the strictest preservation. This list included information relating to the country's economy and military nature. Five years later, the list was expanded with the section “Information of a different kind”. In particular, the following information was classified as state secret of a military nature:

• on the deployment of troops;
• about the supply of the army;
• on the provision of military units;
• about plans for mobilization;
• on the state of the military industry;
• about any inventions for military defense;
• about new equipment for the army;
• on the results of agreements with foreign states regarding the development and supply of the army, exercises, etc.;
• about ways to combat counter-revolution and flourishing espionage.

This edition of the list of secret information became the most accurate and objectively suited for the next few decades, not needing even the slightest change.

Interesting! Many points have been preserved to this day, i.e. a century later, part of the list remains relevant.

During the Soviet era, the following changes were made after the war in 1947. But in terms of the army, nothing has changed, only a fourth section has been added, regarding export / import, mining of precious metals, geo-reserves. A significant change could also be called the addition of a clause giving the government the authority to recognize certain information as secret by its separate decisions.

How HRT is currently regulated

The concept of state secrets exists in modern Russia, its protection is regulated by the Constitution of the country (Article 29) and two Federal Laws (on state secrets and on security).

It should be noted right away that HRT does not contradict the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms, and every citizen really has the right to receive and disseminate information without restrictions and obstacles from the authorities and regardless of the borders of the state. But in paragraph 4 of Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation it is noted that information classified by federal law as “secret” is not subject to dissemination. At the moment, this law contains only 26 positions in the list of secret information subject to legal protection. Separately, the criteria for the degree of secrecy are described, thus the data is allocated under the headings:

• "secret";
• "top secret";
• "of special importance".

The types of information that are not state secrets are also separated, in particular, they relate to the facts of human rights violations, emergency situations, and health status.

Features of the HRT procedure for persons in military service

Access to information recognized as a state secret is not automatically opened for a particular position, everything is done exclusively voluntarily, because. Ownership of data leads to a number of limitations. Previously, the person to whom access is supposed to be opened is subjected to verification by the competent authorities, these are the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the FSB, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Health. Checked:

• data specified by the candidate when filling out the relevant questionnaire;
• information about relatives;
• having a criminal record;
• facts of residence abroad;
• mental condition.

In order to avoid problems during the verification activities, the person filling out the questionnaire is obliged to provide only truthful answers. The result of the check can be either permission to open a permit for a serviceman or a refusal, and the structure that refused is not obliged to give an account to the candidate about the reasons for the negative decision.

Reasons for rejection are usually:

• presence in the biography of a criminal record;
• diagnosed cases of nervous disorders;
• detection of compromising information about close relatives;
• long-term residence abroad, incl. members of the candidate's family permanently residing outside the Russian Federation;
• problems with HRT before.

Servicemen who have gained access to the GT are required to strictly comply with the instructions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and certain requirements for handling documents, things and information carriers established for employees of secure facilities.

During the service of a person, periodic checks are carried out to guarantee HRT. At the end of the validity period, the permit may be extended. If a decision is made to close a person's access to classified information, this does not mean that the contract with the serviceman is automatically terminated. Transfer to another job (for example, to another military unit) cannot be considered a basis for terminating a previously issued permit if, in fact, a person continues the same activity as before, however, documentary familiarization with the content of the GT and the obligation to maintain it at a new duty station are mandatory.

Features of training for the protection of state secrets

DOI: 10.24411/2311-1763-2016-00034

Annotation. The report outlines the features of the training of personnel from a soldier to an officer who have protected state secrets in the army and navy over the 90 years of the existence of a special service.

Keywords: protection of state secrets (ZGT), ZGT Service, special agencies.

summary. The report outlines the features of training of the soldier to the officer who carried out the protection of state secrets in the army and in the navy for 90 years of existence of the special service.

keywords: Protection of State Secrets (PSS), PSS Service, spetsorgany.

“Each state strives to carefully keep its secrets. At the same time, the activities of state services, called upon to carry out this protection in one way or another, also fall into the category of secret. In the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the State Secret Protection Service, headed by the Eighth Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, deals with the protection of state secrets.

As Tatyana Soboleva rightly noted: “The history of the cryptographic service is an integral part of the history of the Russian state and has attracted considerable interest from researchers since the middle of the 19th century. One of the first domestic scientific publications on this topic was the work of G. Popov “Diplomatic secret writing of the era of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich” (in “Notes of the Archaeological Society”, T. V. St. Petersburg, 1853). To one degree or another, this issue was addressed in their works by such prominent scientists as academicians A.I. Sobolevsky, M.N. Speransky and some others, however, as a rule, only in the paleographic aspect. The formation of the domestic cryptographic service took place over many decades and even centuries. The principles and foundations of this work, its forms and methods, techniques and methods were developed by several generations of Russian cryptographers, their work, experience, and sometimes painful search for truth. In this history, as in the history of any science, any kind of human activity, there were victories and defeats, successes and failures, great and tragic pages. All of them are our national treasure, our memory, pride and pain. And the duty of domestic historical science is to open these pages.

The work of modern Russian historians M. A. Alekseev, M. Yu.

To a lesser extent, the task of studying the historical experience of Soviet Russia and the post-Soviet period in the development of encryption has been solved.

At the same time, at the dawn of Soviet power, during the creation in May 1918 of the All-Russian Main Headquarters, the General Department of the Military Statistics Department of the Operational Directorate was formed in its composition, which was entrusted with the development of the first documents of the hidden control. During the reorganization of the VGSh by the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 217 dated November 13, 1918, the General Department was transformed into the General and Encryption Department of the Organizational Administration of the VGSh. This day is celebrated as the date of the creation of the Encryption Service, or the ZGT Service (hereinafter referred to as special agencies. Auth.), in the Armed Forces of our state, which has ensured and continues to ensure the safety of state and official secrets and is developing instructions and rules that ensure the procedure for working with secret documents .

By 1920, the creation of full-time special agencies at the headquarters of the fronts, military districts, armies and divisions was basically completed. In the 1920s, during the Civil War in Russia, the Encryption Department was formed at the Field Headquarters, then the Central Encryption Department of the Red Army Headquarters and other special agencies of the Red Army, their staffs were determined up to and including brigades. Since 1924, the Central Cipher Department was called the Cipher Department under the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, since 1926 it was transformed into the 2nd department of the NKVMD Administration, from September 1930 - into the 7th department of the Red Army headquarters, and from October 13, 1930 - in the 8th department of the headquarters of the Red Army; in the districts - in the 8th departments, and on the seas and fleets - in the 10th departments.

The training of officer cadres for the special agencies of the Red Army and the RKKF in 1926 began with the publication of the order of the NKVMD at the special departments of the headquarters of the military districts, where training teams of special service one-year students were created. Also, the training of cryptographers was carried out at courses at a special department of the Cheka.

The peculiarity of this period was that the training of specialists of the Service was carried out directly in the course of practical work. To this end, already at the beginning of 1919, training teams of 3 to 10 people began to be created at some headquarters of the fronts and armies to train specialists in the protection of state secrets. Thus, a careful selection and "piece" training of specialists was carried out.

From 11/15/1929, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 283/58, at the 2nd department of the NKVMD, special training courses are organized for officers of the middle and senior commanding staff with a staffing of 60–70 students of the combined arms department and 20–25 of the marine department. These courses were formed and seconded to the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze in Moscow. This date is the starting point or the birthday of the Krasnodar Military School.

Initially, the duration of the course was 4 months. Training sessions at the courses began on November 15, 1929. From that day on, the school has its history. During their tenure, the courses went through a number of reorganizations and locations. In November 1930, the courses were reorganized into the Special Department of the Special Headquarters Service at the shooting and tactical improvement courses for the officers of the Red Army "Shot", and in May 1932 - into a special course "C" of the Moscow courses for the improvement of the command staff of the mechanized troops of the Red Army with deployment in the Moscow region.

At the beginning of 1934, the courses were relocated to Tambov and seconded to the Tambov Joint School of Artillery and Weapons Technicians. In 1935, they were transferred to an independent state and received the name "Tambov advanced training courses for the command personnel of the special staff service of the Red Army" with a training period of 12 months. Before the start of the Great Patriotic War, about two thousand specialists of the service were trained at the courses.

Since the beginning of the war, the flow of information, which requires efficiency and reliability, has increased many times, but at the same time, special protection was also required from unauthorized access to state and military secrets. Already on August 18, 1941, the Directorate of the Cryptographic Service of the General Staff of the Red Army was created in the General Staff. There was an urgent need for specialists. The courses switched to a six-month training.

At the same time, due to the fact that by the end of 1941 Tambov was in the front line, the courses were relocated to the village of Sengiley, Ulyanovsk Region, and in mid-1942, to Ulyanovsk. In 1943, the courses received the name "Special Courses for the Improvement of the Officers of the Red Army", and in December they were awarded the Battle Banner. At the end of 1944, the courses were relocated to a separate military camp in the village of Novobelitsa, Gomel Region.

For the entire period of the Great Patriotic War, 2,640 special service officers were trained at the courses. In total, during the war, the Eighth Directorate and eight departments of the headquarters of the fronts and districts carried out constant painstaking work on the selection and registration of personnel of special agencies. In total, during the war years, 5,530 special agencies were formed and reorganized with a total number of 15,634 specialists. The total losses during the war amounted to 6,734 people, of which 2,163 were combat casualties.

After the war, in 1948, the courses were transferred to Voronezh, and in 1949 to Rostov-on-Don.

Subsequently, until 1976, similar training teams were used to train reserve officers.

A feature of the post-war period was the emergence of new, more modern technology and the increase in the volume of information, as well as the increased concern of the state for the preservation of state secrets, there were also serious changes in the rearmament of special agencies, which ultimately resulted in a significant change in the approach to training specialists capable of protecting state secrets. in the army and navy.

On December 29, 1949, a decision was made to create a military school for special communications, which was formed on the basis of courses in January 1950, but already with a three-year training period. In 1954, the school was transferred to Krasnodar, where in 1964 it was renamed the Krasnodar Military School.

The technical revolution, the volume of correspondence, new branches and types of the armed forces, the emergence of computers and new means of communication - all this together led to the need to raise the level of education of specialists in the protection of state and military secrets.

In 1969, the school was transformed into the Krasnodar Higher Military School of the Red Banner with a four-year term of study.

By order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 24, 2008 No. 1951-r, the school was reorganized into a branch of the Military Academy of Communications named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.M. Budyonny, and in 2015 again to the Krasnodar Higher Military School.

In general, in the course of its development, a unique unified multi-level system for training military specialists from a soldier to an officer was created on the basis of the school.

A feature of this period of training of special personnel was the need to carry out comprehensive training of unique specialists, including:

• training of officers with full military special training;
• training of military personnel in programs of secondary vocational education;
• training of officers in postgraduate and doctoral studies;
• retraining and advanced training of officers;
• professional retraining of discharged servicemen;
• training of military personnel undergoing military service under the contract;
• training of reserve officers and sergeants from among students of educational institutions of higher professional education;
• training of junior specialists - servicemen undergoing military service on conscription.

Another specific feature was the fact that at a certain historical stage, specialized specialists for the Strategic Missile Forces were entrusted by the state to train other universities of the RF Armed Forces, for example, the Peter the Great Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces. In the Russian Federation, the academic department "Information Protection in Weapons Systems and Complexes" has made a number of graduations of officer cadres for the modern ZGT Service. Since 1990, the Academy has been training specialists in the interests of the Eighth Directorate in the specialty “Protection of space radio links” (until 1996) and “Protection of information in weapons systems and complexes. Control over the regime of secrecy ”(until 2000). Since 2000, the department has been training officers in the specialty "Information Security Management in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" (until 2010). In 2012–2013 a 10-month training was conducted in the APE system on managing the protection of state secrets in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Since the 2013/14 academic year, a two-year training of officers of the ZGT Service with a higher operational and tactical education has been carried out.

List of references and sources

1. Soboleva T. The history of encryption business in Russia. 2002. URL: http://royallib.com/book/soboleva_tatyana/istoriya_shifrovalnogo_dela_v_rossii.html (date of access: 02/16/16).
2. Alekseev M. Military intelligence in Russia. In 3 books. M. Book. 1, 2, 1998; Book. 3, 2001.
3. Ezhov M.Yu. One of the myths about the cruiser "Magdeburg". - Questions of history. 2007. No. 2.
4. Kiknadze V.G. Radio intelligence and cryptography in the First World War. - Sat. articles of the international conference "Readings in military history", April 17-18, 2009 / Ed. E.V. Ilyin. SPb.: Ed. SPb. university 2009, p. 183–189.
5. Kiknadze V.G. Radio intelligence of the Russian fleet in the First World War. - Questions of history. 2004. No. 11, p. 144-152.
6. To Iknadze V.G. The invisible front of the war at sea. Maritime electronic intelligence in the first half of the twentieth century. Monograph. M.: Russian Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Science, 2011. 552 p.
7. State Secret Protection Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, 2013.
8. Special Service of the General Staff // Sergei BOGDANOV, "Red Star". 11/14/2008. URL: http://old.redstar.ru/2008/11/14_11/2_01.html (date of access: 12/25/15).

In modern conditions, electronic warfare (EW) is one of the main types of operational support for combat operations of troops. The experience of local wars and armed conflicts shows that the use of EW forces and means can lead, for example, to an increase in the combat potential of ground forces by 1.5-2 times, a decrease in aviation losses in the air by 4-6 times, and warships by 2-3 times. 3 times. The contribution of electronic warfare to the solution of such an important operational task of the troops as the disorganization of command and control systems for enemy troops and weapons can reach 70%.

The electronic warfare service has gone through a difficult path of its formation in our missile army. From solving narrowly focused issues of electronic countermeasures to solving issues of combat support.

Lieutenant Colonel Iovlev Gennady Pavlovich was appointed the first head of the electronic countermeasures service in 1971. Thanks to his organizational skills, extensive experience, engineering "flair", with a shortage of specialists and special equipment in the troops, he was able to solve the tasks at the highest level.

Further formation and improvement of the electronic warfare service was continued by Colonel Yevdokimov Yuri Mikhailovich. Under his leadership, work was launched to prepare and put on combat duty the units of integrated technical control (UKTK).

Colonel Verblyudov Viktor Vasilyevich, appointed in 1981 to the post of head of the service, with his characteristic determination, continued to work on improving the methods of protecting missile weapons from high-precision weapons.

In 1988, Zhikhalkin Fedor Fedorovich was appointed to the post of head of the service. In the course of organizational and staffing measures carried out in the 90s, with a reduction in the total number of staff of the service, he managed not only to retain personnel, but also to increase the quantitative and qualitative indicators of electronic warfare. Comprehensive technical control units are equipped with new types of measuring equipment, new complexes are put on combat duty, which make it possible to increase the effectiveness of control.

Through the efforts of the EW service of the army in the mid-90s, a short-wave direction-finding network of radio waves was deployed on the territory of Western Siberia on the basis of the UKTK connections. Much attention is paid to the training of personnel for the troops, laboratories and educational institutions. Many officers subsequently became chiefs of EW services of divisions, senior lecturers at higher educational institutions, candidates of sciences, and first-class specialists. Among them are Colonels Somov Yu.I., Linnik M.Yu., Mansurov R.G., Parfenchik Yu.M., Pankov G.K. and Chugunov V.S.

During the period when the EW service was headed by Colonel Sergei Valentinovich Nekrasov, work continued to improve the organization of the service in the formation.

In 2001, Lieutenant Colonel Drotenko Alexander Gennadievich was appointed to the post of head of the electronic warfare service, who, due to his high professional and moral and business qualities, received the military rank of colonel ahead of schedule for his great contribution to the development of the electronic warfare service of the association.

From 2003 to 2009, the EW service of the Omsk Missile Army was led by Colonel Yury Avangardovich Sakhno. Since 2009, Lieutenant Colonel Antonov Vladislav Gennadievich has been appointed head of the electronic warfare service. Since 2008, the duties of a senior officer of the service have been performed by Lieutenant Colonel Skutin Oleg Leonidovich.

Since its inception, the Special Service has been dealing with issues of guaranteed protection of nuclear weapons from unauthorized use by blocking combat control systems and missile launches.

The management of the implementation of this complex of organizational and technical measures in the 7th ORC was entrusted to the senior officer of the operational department of the corps, Major Shaforost V.P.

Subsequently, with the formation of the missile army, senior officers of the operational department of the association for the prevention of unauthorized use of nuclear weapons dealt with blocking issues: Lieutenant Colonel Litvinov I.I. (1971-1972), and then Lieutenant Colonel Shaforost V.P.

During this period, the special service actively solved its tasks in connection with the re-equipment of the "OS" divisions with new military equipment.

From 1977 to 1987, Colonel Vladimir Alexandrovich Rastorguev was in charge of the special service. In 1979, with the formation of a special service as an independent division of the army, Colonel Rastorguev V.A. became the first chief of service. During this period, the special service participated in building up the combat power of the missile army, mastering the 15P018 and RSD-10 missile systems, new automated combat control systems, both wired and using combat control radio channels; successfully completed a set of measures to put RSD-10 missile systems on combat duty in the Novosibirsk and Barnaul missile divisions; dealt with the training of officers on duty combat shifts; took a direct part in the preparation and conduct of combat training launches of missiles from the position areas of the Alei and Uzhur missile divisions.

In the period from 1987 to 1990, the special service was headed by Colonel Makarov Boris Alexandrovich, and from 1990 to 1995 - by Colonel Yakimovets Alexander Afanasyevich.

During this period of time, the special service was entrusted with the task of maintaining the constant combat readiness of missile systems on combat duty, as well as preventing unauthorized launches of missiles to be dismantled.

In the period from 1995 to 2001, the head of the special service was Colonel Sultanov Alfit Gaptelyanovich.

In 2001, Colonel Sergei Vitalievich Toneev was appointed head of the special service. With his arrival, the special service of the army took a leading position in the Strategic Missile Forces.

In 2002, in connection with the disbandment of the Chita association, the special services of the Irkutsk, Kansk and Krasnoyarsk missile divisions became part of the special service of the 33rd Missile Army.

In 2003, thanks to the high organization and high-quality preparation for the test, the association successfully passed a serious exam - a test by the commission of the Office of the head of the special service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with an "excellent" rating.

Since 2005, the head of the special service of the Omsk Missile Army is Colonel Sergey Nikolayevich Chigaryov. In continuation of the glorious traditions in 2009, the missile army again reported during the inspection of the head of the reorganized special service of the Main Operational Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for an "excellent" rating.

The Special Service continues to consistently and successfully solve the tasks entrusted to it to maintain high combat readiness of missile weapons and combat control equipment, while ensuring guaranteed protection of nuclear weapons from unauthorized use.

In 1960, Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Fedorovich Perov, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, was appointed the first head of the eighth department of the training artillery range. Under his leadership, in 1961, the special body was reorganized into the eighth branch of the rocket corps. As the head of the department, Lieutenant Colonel Perov A.F. held until 1967.

In 1967-1971, the eighth branch (department) was headed by Lieutenant Colonel Tsarik Petr Fedorovich, also a participant in the Great Patriotic War. And in 1970, the eighth department was reorganized into the eighth department. This leader made a great contribution to the patriotic education of young officers, graduates of the Krasnodar Higher Military School named after General of the Army Shtemenko S.M.

From 1971 to 1974, the department was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Yury Alexandrovich Kurchatkin. On August 17, 1974, a special organ of the Army CP took up combat duty. The first head of the training of personnel for this event was Lieutenant Colonel Kurchatkin Yu.A. By that time, he had 32 years of experience in special work, including three years of experience in organizing covert communications, providing command of special communications in combat operations during the Great Patriotic War.

In 1974-1990, the department was headed by Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Mikhailovich Redko, Colonel Mikhail Pavlovich Musatov. During this period, special bodies of the Armed Forces of the country were transferred to a new fleet of electronic equipment.

From 1990 to 1994, the department was headed by Lieutenant Colonel Babchenko Nikolai Vladimirovich.

In the period from 1994 to 2000, the department was headed by Colonel Antonov Vladimir Viktorovich, Colonel Ganzha Alexander Vasilyevich. At that time, a pilot operation and putting on combat duty of a new generation of special communications equipment was carried out in the special bodies of the association.

From 2000 to 2002, the department was headed by Colonel Pershin Vyacheslav Viktorovich. Personally, he did a lot of work in improving the organization of covert communications and combat duty in the special agencies of the association.

From 2002 to 2007, the department (service) was headed by Colonel Petukhov Anatoly Vitalievich. At this time, in connection with the publication of new regulatory documents, work was carried out to improve the issue of protecting state secrets. In 2003, the eighth department was reorganized into the state secret protection service.

In 2007, Colonel Evgeny Anatolievich Bespalkov headed the state secret protection service of the Omsk Missile Army.

In 2000-2009, a significant contribution to the organization of work to ensure the protection of state secrets and the implementation of special communications was made and is being made by service officers Lieutenant Colonel Yurov O.V., Major Avilov D.A., Lieutenant Colonel Gorbik E.A., Majors Lagunov A.V. ., Maisuradze P.K. and Tabachenko P.D.

During the period of the events for the transfer of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to a new look, carried out in 2009, the state secret protection service with dignity and honor performs all the assigned tasks in providing covert communications command, ensuring the protection of state secrets and protecting information from unauthorized access at computing facilities. technology.

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