Order of Honor of the Russian Federation number of cavaliers. Reasons for the award. Awarded with the Medal of Honor
Each state has a number of awards that encourage the citizens of this country. The United States is no exception, in this state a certain award system has been developed, which we will consider today. We were particularly interested in the highest award in the United States, which traces its history back to the time of the Civil War.
US reward system
Historically, the US state award system is built around military awards. Civilians can receive awards from various foundations, organizations and companies. It is quite rare for a state to include its citizens in the list of individuals who receive awards for their contribution to the peaceful life of America.
This fact distinguishes the United States from many other countries where the award system is more focused on ordinary citizens. All awards are not divided into orders and medals. They make up a structure that is divided only by the internal hierarchical system.
Military awards
In addition to American soldiers, the American State Award can also be awarded to foreign citizens who have especially distinguished themselves in military operations aimed at the good of the country. In the entire history of the existence of the state, there were no more than three such cases.
All US military awards can be divided according to the characteristics of the body that decides on the nomination for the award, into the following categories:
- federal;
- by type
Naturally, in the hierarchy of awards, federal insignia are more significant. In addition, all awards can be conditionally divided into:
- personal;
- collective.
Personal awards are presented to a soldier for personal services to the country, he is the only representative of his unit who has such an encouragement. Collective awards are worn by all military personnel of the unit, as they are the property of the entire unit as a whole.
Interestingly, in cases where an American soldier is awarded the same insignia several times, he wears only one award, and there are stripes indicating the number next to him. It indicates the amount of rewards.
If a soldier has several different military awards, then they should be arranged in order of seniority:
- personal;
- collective;
- campaign related awards;
- foreign.
The highest US award is the most important and significant in the hierarchy. I want to talk about it in more detail.
Medal of Honor: the highest honor in the United States
It is not only the highest possible, but also the very first award of this level in the history of the state. Now it is awarded to military personnel who, during the performance of combat missions, managed to significantly exceed their duty. Their actions are classified as heroic.
For the first time, the issue of creating awards was raised during the war for independence. During this period, there was a need to encourage soldiers who distinguished themselves in battle. In addition, the creation of the first award would indicate that the English colony is acquiring the status of a separate state with its own heraldry and award system.
But until the Civil War of the sixties of the nineteenth century, awards were limited to a small badge. The original version of the Medal of Honor provided for the awarding of only military personnel of the navy. Two years later, a draft award for the ground forces was developed. The US government planned to award this distinction only for participation in the battles of the Civil War, but later the medal passed into the status of the highest state ones. The highest award in the United States currently has several design options, depending on the type of troops to which it will be intended.
Due to her characteristics, which provide for incredible heroism, more than half of the soldiers presented for the award had the status of "posthumous". The medal is a gold star with Minerva's head attached to a blue ribbon adorned with silver stars.
Purple Heart Medal (US award)
There are awards in the system of this state, about which all Americans have a common opinion. "Purple Heart" - an award that appeared during the years of the war for independence. He invented and developed it by honoring three officers with this distinction.
In wartime, the medal was a piece of purple fabric that was sewn onto a soldier's uniform. But after the end of the war, this award was forgotten for more than a hundred years. Only in the thirties of the last century they returned to it and developed a new design. Now the medal looks like a bronze heart with a profile of Washington, attached to a purple ribbon.
The Purple Heart is awarded posthumously or after being severely wounded in battle.
Civic awards
The US Congressional Gold Medal is one of the highest and almost the only state civilian awards in America. It was designed by George Washington in 1776 as a military decoration. But already in the second half of the nineteenth century, it passed into the category of civilians. Now it is awarded for special services to the people of the United States.
In parallel with this award, there is the Presidential Medal of Freedom. It is presented personally by the President and is a recognition of merit in the field of security and maintenance of world peace. It is also considered the highest award.
The highest award a member of the United States of America can receive. There are three options - Army Medal of Honor, Air Force Medal of Honor, Navy Medal of Honor.
The Army Medal of Honor was established by President Lincoln on July 12, 1862. Initially, it was intended to be awarded only to the lower ranks for outstanding feats on the battlefield, but by an act of Congress on March 3, 1863, it was extended to officers. The first medal was minted on March 25, 1863. The largest number of medal awards made dates back to the initial time before July 9, 1918, when Congress ruled that this medal was awarded only for exceptional merit and heroic deeds.
The medal is presented personally by the President of the United States on behalf of Congress. The medal is awarded for "outstanding gallantry and bravery, at the risk of life, and in excess of duty, in action against the enemies of the United States; in military operations involving conflict with opposing foreign forces; or while serving with friendly foreign forces involved in a military incident with opposing forces in which the United States is not a belligerent." The fact of valor, courage and self-sacrifice, shown in conditions associated with a huge risk to life, must be repeatedly witnessed by eyewitnesses as a unique act. Evidence is subject to scrutiny.
Navy Medal of Honor(Navy Medal of Honor) is the oldest variant of the award. Established December 21, 1861 Original name - Medal of Valor (Medal of Valor). The medal was designed by William Wilson & Sons. During its existence, the naval award has practically not undergone changes, it has only touched the pads of the medal. The medal has the shape of an inverted five-pointed star, at the ends of the rays there are laurel leaves symbolizing victory and oak leaves symbolizing power. In the center, in a circle of 34 stars, according to the number of states that were part of the United States in 1862, an image of two figures is engraved: the goddess of wisdom, Minerva, holding a fascia in her left hand - a symbol of power, in her right - a shield, personifying the unity of the states and kneeling , recoiling from the goddess, a man holding a ball of snakes in his hands. The figure of a man personifies discord, and the composition in general - the victory of wisdom over discord.
Army Medal of Honor(Army Medal of Honor) was established on July 12, 1862. At first, the only difference from the Navy variant was the form of attaching the medal to the block - instead of the anchor, it was made in the form of an eagle spreading its wings and holding a saber in its claws, sitting on 2 crossed cannons. In 1896, the design of the ribbon was changed, while maintaining the same colors, and in 1904 Congress approved a completely new design of the medal. Designed by General George L. Gillespie. The new version retained the shape of an inverted five-pointed star, although the leaves of laurel and oak now surrounded it on the outside and were covered with green enamel, the scene with Minerva in the center was replaced by the profile of a goddess in a helmet. The eagle, which connected the medal with the block, was placed on a bar with the inscription Valor framed by a bunch of arrows. The colors of the ribbon were also changed - 13 stars representing the first states of the United States were placed on a blue moire field.
The design of the modern United States Army Medal of Honor is based on Gillespie's design. It is made of gilded bronze and is an inverted five-pointed star mounted on a green-enamelled ring in the form of a laurel wreath. On each ray of the star is a green clover leaf. In the center of the star there is a round bas-relief with a profile image of the head of the goddess Minerva in a military helmet. Near the bas-relief is a flat ring engraved with the inscription "United States of America". On the reverse side of the medal is engraved the inscription "From the Congress" (The Congress To), below which there is a place for the name and surname of the recipient. The star is attached with two rays to a rectangular plate on which the word "Valor" (Valor) is engraved. Above the plate there is a relief bald eagle (symbol of the USA), which is attached to a blue moire hexagon, on which 13 white stars are placed (symbolizing the first 13 states that formed the USA), a blue moire neck ribbon is connected to it.
US Air Force Medal of Honor(Air Force Medal of Honor) was approved in 1956. The design is based on the army version of the medal, since it was she who was awarded the military personnel of the Air Corps of the United States Army - the predecessor of the Air Force. This US award is approximately 50% larger than the size of the Army Medal of Honor. Instead of the head of Minerva, it depicts the head of the Statue of Liberty, and the eagle on the medal mount is replaced with the emblem of the United States Air Force.
United States Coast Guard Medal of Honor formally originated in 1963, but was not assigned to anyone and at the moment does not even have its own design.
The Medal of Honor is worn on a blue moiré ribbon over the neck knot of a tie, only with full dress uniform. On everyday military uniforms, a medal block is worn instead of a medal. In accordance with the status of the medal, its block should be the first, located on the right in the top row of blocks.
The Medal of Honor is the only one whose private resale or production of copies is prohibited by federal law. The same section of the law establishes a far more severe punishment for illegal wearing of the Medal of Honor than is provided for other awards in the United States.
Unlike the illegal wearing of a medal, false claims of awards (if they are not made to receive related material benefits) are not a crime, and public organizations of veterans are fighting such actions.
On November 15, 1990, by a joint decision of the Senate and the House of Representatives, Medal of Honor Day was established, which is celebrated on March 25 - the anniversary of the first medal award.
During the 2nd World War, 464 people were awarded this award.
The statute and description of the order were approved on June 1, 1995. The author of the drawing of the award is the artist GV Solominov. Candidate of Historical Sciences P.K. Kornakov took part in the development of projects for the new Russian order.
The Order of Honor comes from the Soviet Order of the Badge of Honor, established by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of November 25, 1935. The new Statute was approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 28, 1980, and from December 28, 1988 it was renamed the Order of Honor. This award had a very wide range of merits - from rewarding for achieving high labor productivity to merits in the development of economic, scientific, technical, cultural and other ties between the USSR and other states.
In the system of awards of the Russian Federation, the Order of Honor received a similar purpose, but its appearance was completely changed. The Order of Honor in the system of state awards is complemented by honorary titles of the Russian Federation, which mark the merits of citizens in their professional activities. These awards are signs of respect and honor towards the recipient. They mean that their owners enjoy well-deserved respect from society.
The Order of Honor is awarded to citizens for high achievements in state, industrial, research, socio-cultural, public and charitable activities, which have significantly improved the living conditions of people, for merits in the training of highly qualified personnel, the upbringing of the younger generation, and the maintenance of law and order.
The first holders of the award were 11 participants of the XVII Winter Olympic Games - athletes, coaches, workers of physical culture and sports (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 22, 1994). Among them is the President of the Russian Olympic Committee V.G. Smirnov, President of the National Sports Fund of Russia Sh.A. Tarpishchev, Honored Master of Sports O.V. Grischuk.
Among the holders of the order: the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin (03/12/1996, in the position of First Vice-Premier of the Government of St. Petersburg); Governor of St. Petersburg V.I. Matvienko (at the time of the award - Director of the Department for Relations with the Subjects of the Federation, Parliament and Social and Political Organizations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation); the first president of the USSR M.S. Gorbachev (28.02.2001); President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry E.M.Primakov (29.10.2004); Major General A.M. Davydov and Captain 1st Rank S.A. Ryazanov (Pacific Fleet); governors - D.F. Ayatskov (Saratov region), A.S. Belyakov (Leningrad region), V.A. Yakovlev (St. Petersburg); Deputy of the State Duma A.N. Shokhin; chief military prosecutor Colonel-General of Justice Yu.G. Demin; Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation VV Gerashchenko; State King of Arms GV Vilinbakhov; Rector of the Far Eastern State University V.I.Kurilov; cosmonauts V.V. Tereshkova and P.R. Popovich; small arms designer I.Ya. Stechkin; writers and poets V.A. Korotich, S.V. Mikhalkov, I.R. Reznik, M.I. Tanich; People's Artists - A.G. Abdulov, O.A. Aroseva, N.G. Babkina, L.A. Dolina, E.I. Zharikov, A.V. Zbruev, N.P. , M.A. Ladynina, I. P. Miroshnichenko, S. V. Mishulin, I. V. Muravieva, S. V. Nemolyaeva, E. V. Petrosyan, E. Yu. Steblov, G. G. Taratorkin, S S. Yursky; musicians of the Time Machine group; sculptor E. Unknown; Honored Masters of Sports P. V. Bure, A. V. Kasatonov, L. S. Latynina, A. N. Maltsev, A. P. Ragulin, V. A. Fetisov, F. F. Cherenkov; mothers of large families F. M. Zlobina and L. A. Makeeva.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 5, 1999 No. No. 869 "for a great personal contribution to the socio-economic development of the region" the Governor of the Kemerovo region A.M. Tuleev was awarded the Order of Honor. He refused to accept the award, saying: “I simply cannot, in principle, accept awards from the government, which plunged the country into poverty. Hang me from head to toe with orders and medals, I won’t change my convictions for orders at such a price. ” A year later, on September 20, 2000, Aman Tuleev received this order from the hands of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin.
Some political figures of the former USSR have also been awarded the Order of Honor. Among them - the former Minister of Justice of the USSR and Chairman of the Supreme Court of the USSR V.I.Terebilov; former Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union D.I.Yazov; former member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, and now a member of the Presidium of the Council of the All-Russian Public Organization of War, Labor, Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Veterans V.I. Vorotnikov, who received an award for his 75th birthday. By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2001, the first President of the USSR MS Gorbachev was awarded the Order of Honor. The award was timed to coincide with his 70th birthday.
In connection with the 100th anniversary of his birth, the Order of Honor was awarded to Colonel General of the Signal Corps I.T. Bulychev, Lieutenant General of the Engineering Troops A.Ya. Kalyagin and Lieutenant General of Artillery S.E. Popov. Another 55 participants in the Great Patriotic War were awarded this award by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 28, 1995.
The Order of Honor was awarded to 7 participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (Decree of 10.04.1996). 23 people were awarded on July 6, 1995 for their participation in reconstruction work in Chechnya. By decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 18, 1995, 18 employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation were awarded the Order of Honor for eliminating the consequences of an earthquake in the city of Neftegorsk, Sakhalin Region.
The Order of Honor was awarded to 34 ministers of the church. Among them - the rector of the Church of the Ascension of the Lord at the Nikitsky Gates in Moscow, Archpriest V.I. Divakov, rector of the Russian St. Panteleimon Monastery on Mount Athos (Greece) Archimandrite Jeremiah (Ya.F. Alekhin), rector of the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg Archpriest P.G. Krasnotsvetov, Rector of the Epiphany Cathedral, Archpriest M.S. Stadnyuk, Metropolitan Yuvenaly of Krutitsy and Kolomna (V.K. Poyarkov), Chief Rabbi of Russia A.S. part of Russia Ravil Gainutdin (R.I. Gainutdinov).
The Chief Physician of the Republican Infectious Diseases Hospital of the Republic of Dagestan S.M. Magomedov was posthumously awarded the Order of Honor (Decree of 22.12.1995).
The Order of Honor was awarded to 12 foreign citizens, incl. President of the International Olympic Committee J.A. Samaranch (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 25, 2001), citizen of Liechtenstein Baron E.A. K. Kinoshitu (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 4, 2005) and 5 citizens of Ukraine. Among the latter are People's Artist of the USSR S.M. Rotaru (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 7, 2002), President of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine B.N. Paton (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 19, 2004).
An unprecedented case in the award system of modern Russia is connected with the Order of Honor. The fact is that according to the Regulations on state awards of the Russian Federation, awarding orders to labor collectives and various state entities is not provided for. However, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. The Order of Honor was awarded to the Moscow Sovremennik Theater. The team was awarded this award "for its great contribution to modern theatrical art, merits in the aesthetic education of youth and wide public recognition."
Manufacturing options:
type 1. The MMD stamp is narrow, round, located at the bottom, under the line of the number.
type 2. The MMD stamp is narrow, round, located in the center, in the middle between two rivets.
type 3. The MMD stamp is narrow, round, located on the reverse below the line, at the level of cuts in the center of the lower beam.
citizens of the Russian Federation
foreign citizens
for high achievements in professional activity
is awarded
material - silver
Double awards
- Antonov, Anatoly Ivanovich (b.) - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation
- Kolesnikov, Sergei Ivanovich (b.) - scientist, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Plushenko, Evgeny Viktorovich (born) - figure skater, Olympic champion
Awarded Institutions
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An excerpt characterizing the Order of Honor (Russia)
- Denisov, leave him; I know who took it,” said Rostov, going up to the door and not raising his eyes.Denisov stopped, thought, and, apparently understanding what Rostov was hinting at, grabbed his hand.
“Sigh!” he shouted so that the veins, like ropes, puffed out on his neck and forehead. “I’m telling you, you’re crazy, I won’t allow it. The wallet is here; I will loosen my skin from this meg'zavetz, and it will be here.
“I know who took it,” Rostov repeated in a trembling voice and went to the door.
“But I’m telling you, don’t you dare do this,” Denisov shouted, rushing to the cadet to restrain him.
But Rostov tore his hand away and with such malice, as if Denisov was his greatest enemy, directly and firmly fixed his eyes on him.
– Do you understand what you are saying? he said in a trembling voice, “there was no one else in the room except me. So, if not, then...
He could not finish and ran out of the room.
“Ah, why not with you and with everyone,” were the last words that Rostov heard.
Rostov came to Telyanin's apartment.
“The master is not at home, they have gone to the headquarters,” Telyanin’s orderly told him. Or what happened? added the batman, surprised at the junker's upset face.
- There is nothing.
“We missed a little,” said the batman.
The headquarters was located three miles from Salzenek. Rostov, without going home, took a horse and rode to headquarters. In the village occupied by the headquarters, there was a tavern frequented by officers. Rostov arrived at the tavern; at the porch he saw Telyanin's horse.
In the second room of the tavern the lieutenant was sitting at a dish of sausages and a bottle of wine.
“Ah, and you stopped by, young man,” he said, smiling and raising his eyebrows high.
- Yes, - said Rostov, as if it took a lot of effort to pronounce this word, and sat down at the next table.
Both were silent; two Germans and one Russian officer were sitting in the room. Everyone was silent, and the sounds of knives on plates and the lieutenant's champing could be heard. When Telyanin had finished breakfast, he took a double purse out of his pocket, spread the rings with his little white fingers bent upwards, took out a gold one, and, raising his eyebrows, gave the money to the servant.
“Please hurry,” he said.
Gold was new. Rostov got up and went over to Telyanin.
“Let me see the purse,” he said in a low, barely audible voice.
With shifty eyes, but still raised eyebrows, Telyanin handed over the purse.
"Yes, a pretty purse... Yes... yes..." he said, and suddenly turned pale. “Look, young man,” he added.
Rostov took the wallet in his hands and looked at it, and at the money that was in it, and at Telyanin. The lieutenant looked around, as was his habit, and seemed to suddenly become very cheerful.
“If we’re in Vienna, I’ll leave everything there, and now there’s nowhere to go in these crappy little towns,” he said. - Come on, young man, I'll go.
Rostov was silent.
- What about you? have breakfast too? They are decently fed,” continued Telyanin. - Come on.
He reached out and took hold of the wallet. Rostov released him. Telyanin took the purse and began to put it into the pocket of his breeches, and his eyebrows casually rose, and his mouth opened slightly, as if he were saying: “Yes, yes, I put my purse in my pocket, and it’s very simple, and no one cares about this” .
- Well, what, young man? he said, sighing and looking into Rostov's eyes from under his raised eyebrows. Some kind of light from the eyes, with the speed of an electric spark, ran from Telyanin's eyes to Rostov's eyes and back, back and back, all in an instant.
“Come here,” said Rostov, grabbing Telyanin by the hand. He almost dragged him to the window. - This is Denisov's money, you took it ... - he whispered in his ear.
“What?… What?… How dare you?” What? ... - said Telyanin.
But these words sounded a plaintive, desperate cry and a plea for forgiveness. As soon as Rostov heard this sound of a voice, a huge stone of doubt fell from his soul. He felt joy, and at the same moment he felt sorry for the unfortunate man who stood before him; but it was necessary to complete the work begun.
“The people here, God knows what they might think,” muttered Telyanin, grabbing his cap and heading into a small empty room, “we need to explain ourselves ...
“I know it, and I will prove it,” said Rostov.
- I AM…
Telyanin's frightened, pale face began to tremble with all its muscles; his eyes still ran, but somewhere below, not rising to Rostov's face, and sobs were heard.
- Count! ... do not ruin the young man ... here is this unfortunate money, take it ... - He threw it on the table. - My father is an old man, my mother! ...
Rostov took the money, avoiding Telyanin's gaze, and, without saying a word, left the room. But at the door he stopped and turned back. “My God,” he said with tears in his eyes, “how could you do this?
“Count,” said Telyanin, approaching the cadet.
“Don’t touch me,” Rostov said, pulling away. If you need it, take this money. He threw his wallet at him and ran out of the inn.
In the evening of the same day, a lively conversation was going on at Denisov's apartment among the officers of the squadron.
“And I’m telling you, Rostov, that you need to apologize to the regimental commander,” said the tall staff captain, with graying hair, huge mustaches and large features of a wrinkled face, addressing the crimson red, agitated Rostov.
The staff captain Kirsten was twice demoted to the soldiers for deeds of honor and twice cured.
"I won't let anyone tell you I'm lying!" cried Rostov. He told me that I was lying, and I told him that he was lying. And so it will remain. They can put me on duty even every day and put me under arrest, but no one will make me apologize, because if he, as a regimental commander, considers himself unworthy of giving me satisfaction, then ...
2. The awarding of citizens of the Russian Federation with the Order of Honor, as a rule, is carried out if the person presented for the order has another state award of the Russian Federation.
3. The Order of Honor may also be awarded to foreign citizens for special merits in the development of bilateral relations with the Russian Federation.
2.1. Wearing order
3. Description of the order
Badge of the Order of Honor made of silver with enamel. It is an eight-pointed cross, in the center of which is a round medallion covered with white enamel, with a three-dimensional image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation, bordered by a laurel wreath. The diameter of the badge of the order is 42 mm. On the reverse side of the badge - the number of the badge of the order.
The badge of the order, with the help of an eyelet and a ring, is connected to a pentagonal block covered with a blue silk moire ribbon with a white longitudinal strip. Tape width - 24 mm, white stripe width - 2.5 mm. The white stripe is 5 mm from the right edge of the tape.
A miniature copy of the badge of the Order of Honor is worn on the block. The distance between the ends of the cross is 15.4 mm, the height of the block from the top of the lower corner to the middle of the upper side is 19.2 mm, the length of the upper side is 10 mm, the length of each of the sides is 16 mm, the length of each of the sides forming the lower corner , - 10 mm.
When wearing a ribbon of the Order of Honor on a uniform, a bar 8 mm high is used, the width of the ribbon is 24 mm.
On the ribbon of the Order of Honor in the form of a rosette, a miniature image of the badge of the order made of metal with enamel is attached. The distance between the ends of the cross is 13 mm. Outlet diameter - 15 mm.
Notes
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 442 of March 2, 1994 "On State Awards of the Russian Federation" (Rus.)
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 7, 2010 No. 1099 "On measures to improve the state award system of the Russian Federation" (Rus.)
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 16, 2011 No. 1631 "On Amendments to Certain Acts of the President of the Russian Federation" (Rus.)
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 12, 2012 No. 433 "Issues of the state award system of the Russian Federation" (Rus.)
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